Membrane pathway nuclear localization signals. Medical search. Frequent questions

maintains circulating platelets in a resting state by phosphorylating proteins in numerous platelet inhibitory pathways when in complex with NF-kappa-B (NFKB1 and NFKB2) and I-kappa-B-alpha (NFKBIA), but thrombin and collagen disrupt these complexes and free active PRKACA stimulates platelets and leads to platelet aggregation by phosphorylating VASP. (rcsb.org)
Mid-SUN proteins are a neglected family of conserved type III membrane proteins of ancient origin with representatives in plants, animals and fungi. (brookes.ac.uk)
The Wnt signaling pathway creates a complex network of proteins that have different effects on cells, so they can be involved in many cancers, including gliomas. (researchsquare.com)
The Wnt signaling pathway creates a complex network of proteins that have different effects on cells. (researchsquare.com)
If this pathway is inactive, β-catenin levels will be kept lower by a set of proteins. (researchsquare.com)
The reason for this redundancy is not yet completely understood, but emerging evidence suggests that each variant of the Ca 2+ -controlling proteins has a precise role in the shaping of the Ca 2+ signal. (schoolbag.info)
A fuller picture of the WNT signaling pathway surfaced when T-cell aspect/lymphocyte enhancer aspect (TCF/LEF) transcription elements had been defined as WNT nuclear effectors 9, 10 and Frizzleds (FZDs) had been defined as WNT obligate receptors 11, working as well as co-receptors, such as for example low-density lipoprotein-receptor-related proteins (LRPs)/Arrow 12. (icsv20.org)
The initial case for the participation of WNT signaling in individual cancers was produced when the hereditary cancers symptoms termed familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) gene item, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) 13, 14, was discovered to connect to -catenin 15, 16, and was afterwards shown to enjoy a critical function in managing -catenin proteins stability. (icsv20.org)
The lipid the different parts of WNTs are necessary for effective signaling, including WNT proteins secretion 30, 31. (icsv20.org)
When studying the LTD4 induced signalling pathways we found that CysLT1R mediated stress fibre formation and a calcium response through two heterotrimeric G-proteins, Ga12 and Gai3, respectively and that the LTD4 induced calcium response is dependent on PKCe. (lu.se)
Mitochondria supply metabolites for epigenetic modifications and other nuclear-associated activities and certain mitochondrial proteins were found in the nucleus. (pdbwiki.org)
To alter the cross-talk between the mitochondria and the nucleus, we used specific siRNA to silence the expression of VDAC1 in glioblastoma (GBM) U87-MG and U118-MG cell-derived tumors, and then monitored the nuclear localization of mitochondrial proteins and the methylation and acetylation of histones. (pdbwiki.org)
Post-translational modification by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins (Ubls) is an essential cellular regulatory mechanism, allowing rapid and reversible control of a target protein's function by altering its half-life, sub-cellular localization, enzymatic activity, protein-protein interactions, or other properties. (enzolifesciences.com)
The Ubl SUMO regulates a growing number of recognized proteins involved in the cell cycle, DNA repair, the stress response, nuclear transport, transcription, and signal transduction. (enzolifesciences.com)
Membrane-spanning proteins often function as receptors involved in recognition and cell adhesion, whereas nuclear proteins frequently play a role in regulating gene expression and transcription. (biomedcentral.com)
But it is becoming increasingly clear that protein subcellular localization can be extremely dynamic, allowing key proteins to play different roles in different compartments. (biomedcentral.com)
The roles of the other proteins in the two pathways, and of the Dsh motifs, are discussed in the text. (biomedcentral.com)
Blocking the interaction between PIF7 and 14-3-3 proteins or reducing the expression of 14-3-3 proteins accelerates shade-induced nuclear localization and de-phosphorylation of PIF7, and enhances the shade phenotype. (elifesciences.org)
These studies have revealed that 14-3-3 proteins can interact with the phosphorylated forms of their client proteins in response to certain signals, and that this binding finalizes the signaling event by enabling a change in the subcellular localization, protein stability or intrinsic enzymatic activity of the client, or by promoting an association between the client and other proteins. (elifesciences.org)
SARS-CoV-2 has various proteins on its surface including (M) membrane protein, (E) envelope small membrane protein and (S) spike glycoproteins. (springer.com)
Furthermore, GSOs protected cells against GLU-induced apoptosis by reducing the expression of the mitochondrial apoptosis-associated Bcl-2 family effector proteins and protected cells from GLU-induced oxidative damage by increasing the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. (sdbonline.org)
We discuss these findings in relation to adaptation to challenges imposed by cell polarity in fungi as well as in other eukaryotes and provide a rationale of why transporters and possibly other housekeeping membrane proteins 'avoid' routes of polar trafficking. (uoa.gr)
Nutrient transporters, being polytopic membrane proteins, are believed, but not formally shown, to traffic from their site of synthesis, the ER, to the plasma membrane through Golgi-dependent vesicular trafficking. (uoa.gr)
Domain commonly found in eukaryotic signalling proteins. (embl.de)
Through these interactions, PH domains play a role in recruiting proteins to different membranes, thus targeting them to appropriate cellular compartments or enabling them to interact with other components of the signal transduction pathways. (embl.de)
Cytoskeletal proteins such as dynamin (see IPR001401 ), Caenorhabditis elegans kinesin-like protein unc-104 (see IPR001752 ), spectrin beta-chain, syntrophin (2 PH domains) and S. cerevisiae nuclear migration protein NUM1. (embl.de)
Both endogenous and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-fused Gβ2 and Gγ2 proteins were detected in the nucleus at baseline, whereas a fraction of EGFP-Gβ2 and DsRed2-GR comigrated to the nucleus or the plasma membrane, depending on the exposure of cells to dexamethasone or somatostatin, respectively. (rupress.org)
16]). These inhibitor proteins mask the nuclear localisation signal of NF-κB. (biosemiotics2013.org)
Signals that induce NF-κB activity cause the phosphorylation of IκBs their dissociation and subsequent degradation allowing NF-κB proteins to Brassinolide supplier enter the nucleus and induce gene expression. (biosemiotics2013.org)

The protein encoded by this gene is prenylated at its C-terminus, and localizes to the cytoplasm and plasma membrane. (cancerindex.org)
The very low internal concentration is maintained by the active transport of Ca 2+ ions against their concentration gradient by Ca 2+ pumps in the plasma membrane, in the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR), and in the Golgi membranes. (schoolbag.info)
Ca 2+ channels in the plasma membrane and in the intracellular membranes are critical in the control of cellular Ca 2+ homeostasis. (schoolbag.info)
Plasma membrane (PM) channels are gated by potential, ligands or by the emptying of Ca 2+ stores. (schoolbag.info)
Furthermore, we observed that CysLT1R is located in the plasma membrane and in the outer nuclei membrane. (lu.se)
We found that stimulated neutrophils eject extracellular DNA after decondensation of the nuclear DNA in the nucleus, rupture of the lamin meshwork and nuclear membrane allowing the release of decondensed chromatin to the cytosol, disassembly of the actin, microtubule and vimentin intermediate filaments networks, vesiculation of the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane and finally rupture of the plasma membrane. (mpg.de)
Eukaryotic plasma membrane (PM) transporters face critical challenges that are not widely present in prokaryotes. (uoa.gr)
We show that sorting of neosynthesized UapA to the plasma membrane (PM) bypasses the Golgi and does not necessitate key Rab GTPases, AP adaptors, microtubules or endosomes. (uoa.gr)
Virus infected cells that undergo apoptosis show highly characteristic morphological changes including shrinkage blebbing of the plasma membrane chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation. (biosemiotics2013.org)

The role of SUN3 in the ER is reinforced by the identification of a protein interaction between SUN3 and the ER membrane-bound transcription factor maMYB. (brookes.ac.uk)
Protein translocation into and across the ER membrane. (manchester.ac.uk)
Unprecedented rates of long-lasting tumor responses can be achieved in patients with a variety of cancers blocking the immune checkpoints with inhibitors (ICI) such as antibodies targeting cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) or the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) pathway [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Many protein components of this signaling cascade have been cloned and characterized: Strikingly, many exist as different isoforms, the number of which is further increased through mechanisms of alternative splicing of the primary transcripts. (schoolbag.info)
Non-canonical WNT signaling can also activate calcium flux and kinase cascades, including protein kinase C (PKC), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK), leading to the activation of AP1- and NFAT-regulated gene expression 25-27. (icsv20.org)
Several anterograde and retrograde signaling pathways, including the canonical Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP) pathway , regulate synaptic development in vertebrates and invertebrates. (sdbonline.org)
Neuronal loss of the serine-threonine protein kinase Tao , a regulator of the Hippo signaling pathway, results in supernumerary boutons, each of which contain a normal number of active zones. (sdbonline.org)
All members of transforming growth factor superfamily are synthesized as pre-pro-peptides that consist of a short N-terminal signalling peptide, a latency-associated protein (LAP) domain and the mature TGF domain [ 42 ]. (springer.com)
The voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), localized at the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) is a central protein in controlling energy production, cell growth, Ca 2+ homeostasis, and apoptosis. (pdbwiki.org)
In both control and Cis-treated cells, AG treatment significantly increased PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling and enhanced the nuclear accumulation of NF- κ B. Concomitantly, in both control and Cis-treated cells, AG significantly lowered the protein levels of p53, p-p53 (Ser16), PUMA, cytochrome C, and cleaved caspase-3. (hindawi.com)
Among them and over decades of research, it was shown that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is one of the most frequently hyperactive pathways in OC as well as other types of solid tumors and is associated with increased cell growth, proliferation, migration, protein synthesis, survival, and chemotherapy resistance [ 7 - 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
These pericryptal myofibroblasts produce the Wnt signalling ligands which bind to Frizzled receptors as well as morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonists gremlin 1(GREM1), gremlin 2 (GREM2) on basal epithelial stem cells and also can modulate notch signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
Ubiquitin itself can direct its targets to a number of different fates, including proteasomal degradation and membrane protein transport. (enzolifesciences.com)
Structure-function analysis of the Dishevelled (Dsh) protein in frog embryos has defined sequences that regulate Dsh nuclear localization, which proves critical for Wnt signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
Now, in Journal of Biology [ 1 ], Sergei Sokol and colleagues show that the Dishevelled (Dsh) protein of the Wnt signaling pathway can shuttle in and out of the nucleus (see 'The bottom line' box for a summary of the work and 'Background' for further explanations and definitions). (biomedcentral.com)
The canonical Wnt pathway involves stabilization of the intracellular protein β-catenin . (biomedcentral.com)
The intracellular protein Dishevelled is common to both canonical and non-canonical signaling pathways, raising the question of how this mysterious protein acts at the signal crossroads. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, my studies reveal loss of giant obscurins in MCF10A cells results in the upregulation of the PI3K signaling cascade, and blockade of the catalytic subunit of the PI3K protein resulted in a decrease in mammosphere formation in anchorage independent conditions, migration of both a monolayer and single cells, and in invasion through a matrigel coated chamber. (umaryland.edu)
In line with a more complex picture, multiple isoforms of the protein likely exist and non-centrosomal sites of localisation have been reported. (springer.com)
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) protein defects occur in several pathways involved in the biologic function of muscle and can be divided into groups based on cellular localization. (medscape.com)

Thus, activated, type I subunits recruit and phosphorylate receptor SMADs (R-smad), which are the first intracellular mediators of TGF-β signalling. (springer.com)
Thanks to the continuous research to understand the molecular aspects of OC in an attempt to better understand and consequently treat the disease Currently, the extensive genomic analysis has identified some common hyperactive intracellular signaling pathways responsible for the development and progression of OC in patients [ 5 , 6 ]. (hindawi.com)

Analysis of likely subcellular localization among orthologs indicates the C2orf74 product is most likely found in the nuclear membrane, mitochondria, or endoplasmic reticulum. (wikipedia.org)
Different subcellular compartments are suggested to be linked through complex retrograde signaling networks to regulate cellular metal homeostasis. (frontiersin.org)
Understanding the role of these transporters is extremely important to elaborate the signaling between various subcellular compartments. (frontiersin.org)
The two most important issues are proper subcellular traffic and targeting to the PM, and regulated endocytosis in response to physiological, developmental, or stress signals. (uoa.gr)

Previous higher plant studies have associated them with functions at the nuclear envelope and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). (brookes.ac.uk)
In this study, high-resolution confocal light microscopy is used to explore the localisation of SUN3 and SUN4 in the perinuclear region, to explore topology and to study the role of mid-SUNs on endoplasmic reticulum morphology. (brookes.ac.uk)
Hyperphosphorylated lipins are relatively unable to translocate onto endoplasmic reticulum membranes. (aocs.org)
Sorting of transporters from their site of synthesis, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), to the PM has been long thought, but not formally shown, to occur via the conventional Golgi-dependent vesicular secretory pathway. (uoa.gr)

Taken together we have shown that LTD4 might have an impact on tumour development through the regulation of CysLT1R and its downstream signalling pathways. (lu.se)

Required for phosphorylation of GLI transcription factors which inhibits them and prevents transcriptional activation of Hedgehog signaling pathway target genes (By similarity). (rcsb.org)
GLI transcription factor phosphorylation is inhibited by interaction of PRKACA with SMO which sequesters PRKACA at the cell membrane (By similarity). (rcsb.org)
this phosphorylation promotes HSF1 nuclear localization and transcriptional activity upon heat shock (By similarity). (rcsb.org)
Schip1 is necessary for promoting membrane localization and phosphorylation of Hpo by recruiting the Hpo kinase Tao-1 . (sdbonline.org)
Here, we show that NEMO phosphorylation by GSK-3β leads to NEMO localization into multivesicular bodies (MVBs). (mdpi.com)
Here, we show that shade light induces the de-phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of PIF7. (elifesciences.org)
Phosphorylation-resistant site mutations in PIF7 result in increased nuclear localization and shade-induced gene expression, and consequently augment hypocotyl elongation. (elifesciences.org)

Importantly, it has also emerged that Ca 2+ may even regulate the generation and the transmission of its signal by controlling the expression of its own transporters. (schoolbag.info)
They can regulate stem cell functions by modulating effects of Wnt signalling on ephrin B1 (EFNB1) and its receptors EPHB2, EPHB3 in the stem cells [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
For example, NEDD8 activates SCF and related ubiquitin ligases, ISG15/UCRP is induced during in the antiviral interferon response, Apg12p and Apg8p regulate the autophagy pathway, and Hub1p modifies cell polarity factors. (enzolifesciences.com)
Frizzled receptors can also initiate an independent ' non-canonical ' Wnt pathway that diverges to regulate complex developmental events involved in planar cell polarity and convergent extension movements during embryo development, via small GTPases and the JNK kinase. (biomedcentral.com)
dGLYAT was found to regulate Gadd45 -mediated JNK pathway activation and cell invasion. (sdbonline.org)

Mitochondrial targeting signals. (manchester.ac.uk)
Cell damage was assessed using MTT assays, and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release rate and flow cytometry were used to detect the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential respectively. (sdbonline.org)
GSOs also mitigated the deleterious effects of GLU on the mitochondrial membrane potential and Cyt C release, thus alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased GSH levels and CAT activity in both cells and Drosophila brain tissue. (sdbonline.org)

In eukaryotic cells the genetic material is surrounded by a membrane system called the nuclear envelope (NE). (brookes.ac.uk)
The Nuclear Envelope is a hallmark of eukaryotic cells. (brookes.ac.uk)

Biologically, the canonical WNT/-catenin signaling pathway usually plays crucial functions in regulating cell fate, proliferation and survival, while the non-canonical WNT signaling is usually more associated with differentiation, cell polarity and migration 25-27. (icsv20.org)
Eph/ephrin signaling is a cell-to-cell communication pathway, which regulates cell migration and proliferation. (5dok.org)
It is believed that TGF-β1 signalling is involved in controlling epithelial cell proliferation, to drive epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and it plays a major role in lung fibrosis and emphysema. (springer.com)
This study investigated the effect of acylated synthetic ghrelin (AG) on the survival and proliferation of human chemosensitive ovarian cancer cells (A2780) and explored some mechanisms of action with a focus on the p53 apoptotic pathway and PI3K/Akt and NF- κ B survival pathways. (hindawi.com)
Furthermore, our findings also demonstrated that RASSF7 promoted HCC cell proliferation through activating MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling pathway. (cellmolbiol.org)
RASSF7 Hepatocellular carcinoma Proliferation Cell cycle MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway. (cellmolbiol.org)
Dysregulation of Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog and/or TGF-β signaling pathways that are involved in proliferation and maintenance of CSCs leads to the development of CRC. (biomedcentral.com)
Wnt signaling regulates cell proliferation, cell polarity and cell-fate determination. (biomedcentral.com)

Many signal transduction pathways are composed of modules that are remarkably conserved across species, such that lessons from different experimental model organisms have contributed to the understanding of molecular hierarchies that control signal communication in many cellular contexts. (biomedcentral.com)
The first step in the Wnt signal occurs when extracellular Wnt ligand binds Frizzled receptors on the cell surface, leading to the activation of several distinct transduction pathways (see Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)

Hence, this review is supposed to serve as a refresher of the existing understanding about the physiologic and pathogenic assignments of WNT/-catenin signaling pathway, also to put together potential therapeutic possibilities by concentrating on the canonical WNT pathway. (icsv20.org)

Dysregulation of WNT signaling pathway is normally associated with several human illnesses 17-27. (icsv20.org)

We find that a structurally rigid IgG4H and CD28TM domain brings the two D4 fragments in proximity, driving CAR dimerization and leading to enhanced T-cell signaling and tumor regression in pancreatic cancer models with low antigen density in female mice. (nature.com)
Furthermore, by investigating the impact of hinge (CD8 and IgG4) and TM (CD8 and CD28) on D4 CAR T cells, we discover that IgG4H-CD28TM mediated D4 CAR dimerization, leading to enhanced T-cell signaling and tumor regression in pancreatic cancer models with low antigen density. (nature.com)
In Drosophila, Hpo and Warts kinases are core components of this pathway and function as tumor suppressors by inhibiting Yorkie (Yki) . (sdbonline.org)
Stiffened tumor stroma is a hallmark of cancer and understanding mechanosensitive pathways involved in the onset of cancer is key in identifying strategies for cancer treatment. (5dok.org)
Depletion of VDAC1 from tumor cells reduced metabolism, leading to inhibition of tumor growth, and several tumor-associated processes and signaling pathways linked to cancer development. (pdbwiki.org)
This review focuses on the signaling pathways relevant for CRC to understand the mechanisms leading to tumor progression and therapy resistance, which may help in the development of therapeutic strategies for CRC. (biomedcentral.com)
Using ribosome profiling and proteomics analysis, several genes regulated by eIF3i at the translation level were identified, including D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), a rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo serine synthesis pathway that participates in metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells. (bvsalud.org)

acetylation and methylation, suggesting that the interchange between metabolism and cancer signaling pathways involves mitochondria-nucleus cross-talk. (pdbwiki.org)
such studies have defined the molecules that ensure signals initiated at the cell surface are efficiently transmitted to the cell nucleus, where they often result in the induction of a specific gene-expression program. (biomedcentral.com)

Considering its pleiotropic role, it seems evident that the cells, to get a specific message in the proper time and manner, need precise and efficient mechanisms to encode and decode Ca 2+ signals. (schoolbag.info)
The mechanisms by which cells decode Ca 2+ signals are now explored in numerous laboratories. (schoolbag.info)
While much is known about biochemical signaling, many of the mechanisms that drive cell outcome in response to biophysical influences remain to be uncovered. (5dok.org)
Therefore, a better understanding of the signaling mechanisms in CSC will aid in the development of new therapeutic strategies for CRC. (biomedcentral.com)

In higher eukaryotes, the cellular localization of RanGAP1 is regulated by SUMOylation of its C-terminal domain. (enzolifesciences.com)

Moreover, EEPC clearly inhibited LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 subunits, which correlated with EEPC's inhibitory effects on inhibitor kappaB (IκB) degradation. (themushroomwhisperer.com)

Subsequent to this report others have reported that both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways are involved in the induction of apoptosis by BTV [9 10 12 However the results in these reports have Brassinolide supplier contradictory conclusions particularly in relation to caspase-8 activation. (biosemiotics2013.org)
Further the interrelationship between the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways in triggering apoptosis has not been investigated. (biosemiotics2013.org)

This signaling pathway is a highly conserved cell-to-cell communication system that regulates cell fate in development and disease. (5dok.org)

In addition to identifying the presence of obscurins in skin and lung tissue, I have identified robust expression of obscurins in normal mammary epithelial tissue, where they exhibit membrane localization within the ducts and lobules, compared to matched breast cancer samples which exhibit decreased expression of obscurins. (umaryland.edu)
Moreover, loss of giant obscurins from breast epithelial cells results in alterations within the PI3K signaling pathway, which results in a more tumorigenic phenotype. (umaryland.edu)

Generally in most cell/tissues contexts, WNTs become short-range signaling 23. (icsv20.org)
The rising evidence signifies that WNT signaling performs an essential function in regulating many natural procedures, including embryonic advancement, tissues maintenance and homoeostasis of stem cells. (icsv20.org)
This study sought to determine whether the conserved Hippo pathway , critical for proportional growth in other tissues, also functions in NMJ development. (sdbonline.org)
They are characterized by their tendency to seed along the neuraxis, following cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathways, and they represent one of the few brain tumors, including ependymoma , pinealoblastoma, and lymphoma , to metastasize to extraneural tissues. (medscape.com)
DAMPs, damage-associated tissues and the molecular target structures and pathways. (cdc.gov)

Here, we show that overexpression of dcap-1 in neurons of worms is sufficient to increase lifespan through the function of the insulin/IGF-like signaling and its effector DAF-16/FOXO transcription factor. (uoa.gr)

Taken together, these results support a role for Tao as a novel inhibitor of BMP signaling in motor neurons during synaptic development and function. (sdbonline.org)
Using an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the Activin A pathway to attenuate oral cancer cell migration and invasion, we further demonstrate the targetability of this signaling axis. (bvsalud.org)

Also, Quantitative RT-PCR was used to evaluate the mRNA expression level of genes related to the Wnt signal pathway in treated cancer cells and control groups. (researchsquare.com)

The entire pathway for triacylglycerol synthesis consists of four enzymatic steps, which catalyze sequential reactions starting from sn -glycerol-3-phosphate and ending with triacylglycerol (TG) ( Fig. 1 ). (aocs.org)

Lipins are cytosolic phosphatidate phosphatases (PAPs) involved in the glycerolipid biosynthesis pathway. (aocs.org)
Obscurins were found to exhibit nuclear, cytosolic, and membrane localization within various cell types. (umaryland.edu)

The results highlight the importance of mid-SUNs as functional components of the ER and outer nuclear membrane. (brookes.ac.uk)

Using the endosome marker Rab5, we observed localization into endosomes. (mdpi.com)

At the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ) , the retrograde BMP pathway is part of the machinery that controls NMJ expansion concurrent with larval growth. (sdbonline.org)

This gene encodes a member of the Rho family of small GTPases, which cycle between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound states and function as molecular switches in signal transduction cascades. (cancerindex.org)
Futhermore, the molecular mechanism of MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling pathway regulation by RASSF7 was explored. (cellmolbiol.org)
It may also provide new insights into the molecular pathways that go awry in common forms of conditions such as obesity and diabetes, which represent major public health concerns [ 8 , 9 ]. (springer.com)

Instead, the experiments suggest that Tao negatively regulates BMP signaling as reduction of Tao leads to an increase in pMad levels in motor neuron nuclei and an increase in BMP target gene expression. (sdbonline.org)
NF-κB signaling negatively regulates osteoblast dedifferentiation during zebrafish bone regeneration. (uni-ulm.de)

Since BTV induces solid cytokine reactions BTV could also result in innate immune system pathways via IRF that are in charge of regulating cytokine creation [17-19]. (biosemiotics2013.org)

Involved in embryonic development by down-regulating the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway that determines embryo pattern formation and morphogenesis most probably through the regulation of OFD1 in ciliogenesis (By similarity). (rcsb.org)
A number of signaling pathways, most notably Wnt/β-catenin, notch and Hedgehog play important roles in maintaining the growth and functional integrity of CSC. (biomedcentral.com)

Better understanding of this membrane system involves understanding its physical connections and its signaling and transport functions. (brookes.ac.uk)

To guarantee the specificity of the signal transmission, the cell organizes dynamically the Ca 2+ fluctuations in the cytosol by varying the distribution, the type, and the availability of the different Ca 2+ transporters, and it increases the spatial and temporal complexity of Ca 2+ homeostasis by compartmentalizing the signals into the organelles. (schoolbag.info)
The nuclear envelope, which is an extension of ER, contains the same transporters of the latter. (schoolbag.info)

The control of their Ca 2+ homeostasis is not only essential in the control of organelle-specific processes, but it is also fundamental in the overall dynamic modulation of the Ca 2+ signaling in the cytosol. (schoolbag.info)
Mesothelial cells play a vital role in maintaining the structure of peritoneal membrane and peritoneal homeostasis. (ukessays.com)

Therefore, we investigated the combined effect of Temozolomide (TMZ) and KC7F2 on cell survival and changes in gene expression in the Wnt signal pathway. (researchsquare.com)

Non-canonical WNT signaling can be initiated by WNT conversation with Frizzled receptors, or RYK and ROR receptor tyrosine kinases, and regulates small GTPases (such as RhoA, Rac and Cdc42) in DVL-dependent manner. (icsv20.org)

In this review, we present evidence that shows that transporter traffic to the PM takes place through Golgi bypass and transporter endocytosis operates via a mechanism that is distinct from that of recycling membrane cargoes essential for fungal growth. (uoa.gr)

The fin roundabout: Slit-Robo and S1P signaling coordinate fin morphogenesis. (uni-ulm.de)

It will show that Ca 2+ itself is central in the regulation of the Ca 2+ signal. (schoolbag.info)
Regulation of organ size is essential in animal development, and Hippo (Hpo) signaling is a major conserved mechanism for controlling organ growth. (sdbonline.org)

The glycerolipid biosynthetic or Kennedy pathway is responsible for the synthesis of triacylglycerol and phospholipids de novo . (aocs.org)
Furthermore, two intermediates in this pathway, phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol, serve as essential precursors for the synthesis of phospholipids. (aocs.org)

Maps also chart the connectivity between these molecules, elucidating the circuits and signaling processes that give rise to function. (stanford.edu)
MW) chemicals interact with host cells and molecules and In our daily life, we are confronted with a plethora of natural influence biologic processes such as signal transduction. (cdc.gov)

Firstly, loss of dGLYAT suppressed scrib depletion- or Egr overexpression-induced JNK pathway activation and invasive cell migration. (sdbonline.org)

The Wnt signaling machinery is tightly regulated, and disruption of components of the signaling pathway have been implicated in diseases including cancer [ 2 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Bioincompatible dialysis fluid causes mesothelial cells to undergo uncontrolled mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition triggered by Transforming growth factor-Î²1, which leads morphological and functional disruption of membrane. (ukessays.com)

We have therefore investigated the role of matrix stiffness in Notch signaling in breast cancer cells. (5dok.org)
Aberrant Notch signaling in breast cancer has been found to correlate with invasion and patient outcome. (5dok.org)
We propose an opportunity to target the cancer cell/microenvironment interface instead of the Notch pathway itself in the development of cancer therapies. (5dok.org)

It will also show that it can act as a first and second messenger and that it can modulate the activity and the availability of the other players in the signaling operation. (schoolbag.info)

We identified a putative nuclear localisation sequence in CysLT1R, which is crucial for the LTD4, induced internalisation of the receptor. (lu.se)
The polybasic nuclear localization sequence (NLS) on the lipins as well as the oligomerization of lipins mediates membrane association. (aocs.org)

In the present study, we characterize the isoforms of p63 and using knockdown strategy, decipher the functions and oncogenic signaling of p63 in oral cancers. (bvsalud.org)
The human OBSCN undergoes alternative splicing to give rise to two giant isoforms, obscurin A (720 kDa) and obscurin B (820 kDa), composed of tandem adhesion and signaling domains. (umaryland.edu)

Short-lived dcap-1 mutants exhibit a neurosecretion-dependent upregulation of intestinal ins-7 transcription, and diminished nuclear localization of DAF-16/FOXO. (uoa.gr)

However, targeting these alterations remains a far-achieved aim due to lack of knowledge on their downstream signaling pathways. (bvsalud.org)
Long-time exposure to hypertonic environment of PD solution with high glucose concentration, acidic pH, presence of Glucose Degradation Products (GDPs) and Advanced Glycation end-products(AGEs) causing functional and structural alterations in peritoneum membrane. (ukessays.com)

The input pathway transmits light and/or thermal, non-photic information from external stimuli to the clock (pacemaker). (bioone.org)

In the last two decades, improvements in the development of probes and instrumentation for Ca 2+ imaging have led to the discovery that the coordinated action of different players is responsible for a complex spatio-temporal organization of the Ca 2+ signal. (schoolbag.info)
During growth, development and disease, extracellular signals are communicated, or transduced, into the cell and in such a way as to elicit a particular cellular response. (biomedcentral.com)
Elucidating the function of the mutated gene, ALMS1 , is critical for the development of specific treatments and may uncover pathways relevant to a range of other disorders including common forms of obesity and type 2 diabetes. (springer.com)

My research focuses on the nuclear envelope in plants. (brookes.ac.uk)
This Frontiers Research Topic aims to highlight recent advances made to examine the role of the nuclear envelope (NE) as the "key border" in plants. (brookes.ac.uk)
This localization is required to help create and maintain the spatial gradient of the GTP-bound versus GDP-bound forms of Ran across the nuclear envelope necessary to drive nucleocytoplasmic transport. (enzolifesciences.com)
During mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, destroying the Ran-GTP gradient. (enzolifesciences.com)

TIP30 regulates lipid metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating SREBP1 through the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. (cellmolbiol.org)

This study demonstrates the potential of V H H-based CAR T for pancreatic cancer therapy and provides an engineering strategy for developing potent CAR T cells targeting membrane-distal epitopes. (nature.com)

The miR-367-3p increases sorafenib chemotherapy efficacy to suppress hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis through altering the androgen receptor signals. (cellmolbiol.org)

It is intriguing to observe that cells can encode and discriminate Ca 2+ signals not only according to their magnitude but also according to their localization (microdomains) and shape;i.e., cells can discriminate between sustained and oscillatory signals. (schoolbag.info)
however, nuclear accumulations of pSMAD2-C and CLDN3 redistribution were observed with similar time course in ciliated and non-ciliated cells. (springer.com)
Peritoneum is defined as gliding membrane, composed of mesothelial cells maintained by basement membrane and thin layer of connective tissue. (ukessays.com)

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Chemicals and Drugs95

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment33

Phenomena and Processes70

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science3

Health Care1

Proteins29

Plasma membrane9

Protein20

Intracellular2

Subcellular4

Endoplasmic4

Downstream signalli1

Phosphorylation7

Regulate5

Mitochondrial3

Eukaryotic2

Proliferation8

Transduction pathways2

Canonical WNT pathway1

Dysregulation of WNT1

Tumor7

Nucleus2

Mechanisms4

Cellular localization1

Translocation1

Apoptosis2

Regulates cell1

Epithelial2

Tissues5

Effector1

Inhibitor2

Genes1

Enzymatic1

Cytosolic2

Outer1

Endosomes1

Retrograde1

Molecular3

Negatively2

Innate1

Hedgehog2

Involves1

Transporters2

Homeostasis2

Gene expression1

Receptors1

Endocytosis1

Morphogenesis1

Regulation2

Synthesis2

Processes2

Cell migration1

Disruption2

Notch3

Modulate1

Sequence2

Isoforms2

Upregulation1

Alterations2

Stimuli1

Development3

Envelope4

Metabolism1

Pancreatic1

Androgen receptor1

Cells3