• In VSMCs, chemerin, via oxidative stress- and ChemR23-dependent mechanisms, decreased insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation, glucose transporter 4 translocation to the membrane, and glucose uptake. (gla.ac.uk)
  • insulin resistance state affecting GLUT4 translocation which is important in affecting glucose uptake. (sciencebiology.org)
  • Some research shows that plant extract proved to be potential in increasing the translocation of GLUT4 and helping lowering blood glucose levels. (sciencebiology.org)
  • Evidence for defects in the trafficking and translocation of GLUT4 glucose transporters in skeletal muscle as a cause of human insulin resistance. (sciencebiology.org)
  • Mulberry Leaf Extract Stimulates Glucose Uptake and GLUT4 Translocation in Rat Adipocytes. (sciencebiology.org)
  • Portulaca oleracea L. Extract Enhances Glucose Uptake by Stimulating GLUT4 Translocation to the Plasma Membrane in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. (sciencebiology.org)
  • Glucose transporter 4 translocation was confirmed by determining the uptake of glucose in the presence of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase and PI3K inhibitors. (wiley.com)
  • Our results suggest that rat hepatocytes and HepG2 cells possess an intracellular storage pool for GLUT‐2, but lack the insulin‐responsive glucose transporter translocation mechanism. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • RhoA activation triggers a glycolytic burst through the translocation of the glucose transporter SLC2A3/GLUT3 to fuel the cellular contractile machinery, as demonstrated across multiple endothelial cell types. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 5: RhoA induces glucose transporter SLC2A3 translocation which drives subcellular glycolysis in thrombin-stimulated contractile endothelial cells. (nature.com)
  • SLC2A11 belongs to a family of plasma membrane proteins that mediate transport of sugars across the membrane by facilitative diffusion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some of the transport proteins have been identified-for example, intestinal brush border Na + /glucose and Na + /proline transporters 1,2 and the brain Na + /Cl - /GABA transporter 3 -and progress has been made in locating their active sites and probing their conformational states 1,2,4-7 . (nature.com)
  • Here we describe cloning of this co-transporter by a method new to membrane proteins. (nature.com)
  • We have sequenced the cloned DNA and have found no homology between the Na + /glucose co-transporter and either the mammalian facilitated glucose carrier or the bacterial sugar transport proteins. (nature.com)
  • The actions of the proteins that control the uptake, storage, and distribution of zinc, the zinc transporters, are under intense investigation due to their emerging role in type 2 diabetes. (hindawi.com)
  • In type 1 diabetes, the lowered expression of adhesion proteins within the intestinal epithelium favours a greater immune response that may result in destruction of pancreatic β cells by CD8+ T-lymphocytes, and increased expression of interleukin-17, related to autoimmunity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The PNaS family includes several functionally characterized, sodium-dependent, inorganic phosphate (P i ) transporter (NPT2 or NptA) proteins from mammals. (tcdb.org)
  • The well-characterized mammalian proteins are found in renal (IIa isoform) and intestinal (IIb isoform) brush border membranes and are about 640 amino acyl residues long with 8-12 putative TMSs. (tcdb.org)
  • Oxysterol binding protein-related protein 2 (ORP2) belongs to a ubiquitously expressed and conserved family of LTPs, the oxysterol binding protein (OSBP)-relate proteins. (helsinki.fi)
  • Glycolysis is an energy-producing mechanism that occurs in almost all cells and requires an adequate uptake of glucose mediated by glucose transporter (GLUT) proteins. (unibe.ch)
  • Liver-enriched nuclear receptor (NR) proteins regulate the expression and activity of several pivotal hepatic biochemical pathways including the uptake, metabolism and excretion of cholesterol, bile acids, glucose, and xenobiotic compounds from the body. (ku.edu)
  • Over the past decade, it has been well established that PXR functions as a master-regulator of xenobiotic- and drug-inducible expression and activity of numerous genes that encode key members of the phase I and phase II metabolic enzymes, as well as several membrane transporter proteins. (ku.edu)
  • The animal AE proteins consist of homodimeric complexes of integral membrane proteins that vary in size from about 900 amino acyl residues to about 1250 residues. (tcdb.org)
  • All AE proteins are hypothesized to share a similar topology in the cell membrane. (tcdb.org)
  • The GLUT members belong to a family of glucose transporter proteins that facilitate glucose transport across the cell membrane. (preprints.org)
  • Exosomal markers include microRNAs like miR-21 and miR-141, plus various proteins that belong in functional groups such as tetraspanins (CD9, CD63 and CD81), heat shock proteins (Hsp70, Hsp73 and Hsp90) and membrane transporters (GTPases) ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In epipelagic SAR324 ecotypes, we observed the presence of two types of proton-pumping rhodopsins, as well as genomic, transcriptomic, and ecological evidence for active photoheterotrophy, based on xanthorhodopsin-like light-harvesting proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As explored in Membranes I: Introduction to Biological Membranes , there is a wide variety of embedded components that are essential to the life of the cell, including lipids , carbohydrates, and proteins - many of which regulate what is allowed to pass into and out of the cell (Figure 1). (visionlearning.com)
  • Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 11 (SLC2A11) also known as glucose transporter type 10/11 (GLUT-10/11) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC2A11 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • These results show that GLUT expression is altered between eutopic and ectopic tissue and between women with and without endometriosis, and that GLUT4 may represent a significant entry route for glucose into the endometriotic epithelial cells. (unibe.ch)
  • Despite the essential importance of these transporters, our knowledge regarding GLUT members in avians is fragmented. (preprints.org)
  • In hepatocytes, GLUT‐2 occurred in a low‐density microsomal (LDM) fraction at a significant concentration, and as much as 15% of cellular GLUT‐2 was found intracellularly that cannot be accounted for by plasma membrane contamination. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • In HepG2 cells which express GLUT‐1 and GLUT‐2, the two isoforms showed distinct subcellular distribution patterns: GLUT‐2 was highly concentrated in LDM while very little GLUT‐1 was found in this fraction, indicating that a large portion of GLUT‐2 occurs in intracellular organelles. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • Since the mid-1960s, it has been known that there are energy-dependent, sodium-coupled glucose transporter (SGLT) and energy-independent, facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT) pathways for glucose uptake in the lung [ 1 ], and that glucose can permeate the alveolar epithelial barrier [ 2 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • Molecular Genetics and Metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a progressive metabolic disease characterized by pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and peripheral insulin resistance, leading to defects in glucose metabolism and chronic low-grade inflammation. (frontiersin.org)
  • The peptide hormone insulin, produced by pancreatic β-cells, is critical for maintaining normal blood glucose levels and acts to regulate cellular metabolism and growth by facilitating glucose uptake by peripheral tissues. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Impaired insulin secretion and free radical formation are the initial events triggering the development of insulin resistance and its causal relations with dysregulation of glucose and fatty acids metabolism. (wiley.com)
  • Insulin, a hormone produced in the pancreas by the beta cells of islets of Langerhans, has a molecular weight of 5800 Da and facilitates metabolism regulating carbohydrates. (elisakits.co.uk)
  • Glucose is removed from ASL in proximal airways via facilitative glucose transporters, down a concentration gradient generated by intracellular glucose metabolism. (ersjournals.com)
  • Glucose removal is determined by cellular glucose uptake and metabolism ( fig. 1 ) [ 4 , 12 - 14 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • The most striking and characteristic metabolic alteration in cancer cells is anomalous glucose metabolism and cancer cells tend to utilize glycolysis to obtain energy even under aerobic conditions via a process called 'aerobic glycolysis' ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • A very natural place to study gene detecting and metabolizing lactose, it is known that the overall regulation is in the metabolism of the cell, and then specifically in effect of expressing the lac genes in vain is a drop in the growth rate the regulation of genes that code for enzymes and transporter of as much as 5% [1,6]. (lu.se)
  • Overview of clinically approved oral antidiabetic agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. (sciencebiology.org)
  • Our aim is to clarify the currently described effects of probiotics in the prevention and management of type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes mellitus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the common metabolic diseases in the world. (frontiersin.org)
  • Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) is known to be an insulin-responsive glucose transporter and has been associated with various diseases, including diabetes mellitus. (geneticsmr.org)
  • Exosomes have previously been associated with a number of endocrine disorders, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, disorders of the reproductive system and cancer. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • As a quick review, Type 1 diabetes mellitus , which most commonly affects children and adolescents, arises when certain cells of the pancreas known as beta cells are unable to produce enough insulin to maintain normal blood glucose levels . (osmosis.org)
  • This is in contrast to Type 2 diabetes mellitus where the body is able to produce insulin , but the tissues don't respond as well to it, or in other words, these individuals are insulin resistant. (osmosis.org)
  • In general, diabetes mellitus occurs when your body has trouble moving glucose from your blood into your cells. (osmosis.org)
  • Regulated transport of the glucose transporter GLUT4. (sciencebiology.org)
  • Stimulation of GLUT4 Glucose Uptake by Anthocyanin-Rich Extract from Black Rice (Oryza sativa L.) via PI3K/Akt and AMPK/p38 MAPK Signaling in C2C12 Cells. (sciencebiology.org)
  • The GLUT4 Glucose Transporter. (sciencebiology.org)
  • Molecular Basis of Insulin-stimulated GLUT4 Vesicle Trafficking: LOCATION! (sciencebiology.org)
  • In response to parathyroid hormone and dietary inorganic phosphate, the renal cotransporter is rapidly inserted into and retrieved from the renal brush border membrane in a fashion similar to that by which the glucose transporter (Glut4) (TC# 2.A.1.1) is regulated by insulin, and aquaporins 1 and 2 (TC# 1.A.8.1) are regulated by vasopressin (Levi et al. (tcdb.org)
  • GLUT4 expression was strong in both ectopic epithelial and stromal cells and localized to the cellular membrane in epithelial cells. (unibe.ch)
  • It is a common metabolic disorder that is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia coupled with reduced life expectancy resulting from debilitating disease states that include heart disease, stroke, peripheral neuropathy, and renal disease [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Cancer cells also enhance glucose-uptake to fuel these enhanced metabolic activities [ 2 ]. (degruyter.com)
  • High abundance of glucose in the cytoplasm of a cancer cell also increases flux into other metabolic pathways such as hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) [ 7 ]. (degruyter.com)
  • Defects in glucose transport have been linked to metabolic disorders, insulin resistance and diabetes. (preprints.org)
  • We focus primarily on the role of both types of granulosa cells: mural granulosa cells, which perform endocrine functions, including hormone production and cumulus cells, which provide metabolic support and establish bi-directional communication with the oocyte through various pathways, including direct contact. (juniperpublishers.com)
  • Glycogen storage disease (GSD) type I, also known as von Gierke disease, is a group of inherited autosomal recessive metabolic disorders of the glucose-6- phosphatase system which helps maintain glucose homeostasis. (medscape.com)
  • Molecular and vascular mechanisms were probed in mesenteric arteries and cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from C57BL/6J, nondiabetic lean db/m, and diabetic obese db/db mice as well as in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs). (gla.ac.uk)
  • Diabetes is a condition of multifactorial origin, involving several molecular mechanisms related to the intestinal microbiota for its development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Scientific evidence suggests increased inflammatory stress is related to molecular mechanisms leading to insulin resistance, and the intestinal microbiota interacts with environmental factors and susceptible genetic factors, contributing to the development of diabetes [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, we describe the molecular mechanisms linking host and the gut microbiota in T2DM, including the host molecules that induce gut microbiota dysbiosis, immune and inflammatory responses, and gut microbial metabolites involved in pathogenesis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we summarize the characteristics of the gut microbiota in T2DM population, T2DM animal models, and diabetic complications, as well as the molecular mechanisms linking host and the gut microbiota in T2DM, which may provide new ideas for the treatment of T2DM. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our understanding of the role of glucose transport in the lung and the mechanisms that regulate glucose movement across the human lung epithelium lags far behind that of the gut and kidney. (ersjournals.com)
  • Current model of the mechanisms controlling glucose concentrations in the surface liquid lining the airway and distal lung epithelium. (ersjournals.com)
  • Similarly, the PXR protein also forms the molecular basis of an important class of drug-drug interactions in the clinical setting. (ku.edu)
  • 2) a study of the SUMOylation and ubiquitination of PXR protein. (ku.edu)
  • The hormone decreases blood sugar levels by moving sugar into cells using a cell membrane transporter called GLUT2, which is an acronym for "glucose transporter protein 2. (elisakits.co.uk)
  • increasing DNA replication and protein synthesis, controlling the cellular intake of glucose in adipose tissue and muscles, fatty acid synthesis, allosteric effect on numerous enzyme, gluconeogenesis, decreased proteinolysis, amino acid uptake, lipolysis and increased glycogen. (elisakits.co.uk)
  • AE1 and NBCe1), and (iii) may provide sites for regulation of transporter function via protein kinase A phosphorylation (e.g. (tcdb.org)
  • Glucose transporters were quantitated by measuring glucose‐sensitive cytochalasin B binding and by protein immunoblotting using isoform‐specific antibodies. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • Insulin is an anabolic hormone that promotes glucose uptake, glycogenesis, lipogenesis, and protein synthesis of skeletal muscle and fat tissue through the tyrosine kinase receptor pathway. (medscape.com)
  • protein_coding" "AAC74185","ptsG","Escherichia coli","fused glucose-specific PTS enzymes: IIB component/IIC component [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • Molecular Membrane Biology. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cancer biology has significantly benefited from the molecular-level detail provided by these tools, allowing elucidation of many perturbations underlying disease onset and progression. (nih.gov)
  • Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 3(4), 267277. (sciencebiology.org)
  • Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 9(3), 193205. (sciencebiology.org)
  • Molecular Biology of the Cell. (lu.se)
  • The synthesis, secretion, and action of insulin are dependent on zinc and the transporters that make this ion available to cellular processes. (hindawi.com)
  • Transgenic mice in which Hnf6 expression is maintained in postnatal islets ( pdx1 PB Hnf6 ) show overt diabetes and impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) at weaning. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Renal glucosuria is the excretion of glucose in the urine in detectable amounts at normal blood glucose concentrations in the absence of any signs of generalized proximal renal tubular dysfunction due to a reduction in the renal tubular reabsorption of glucose. (medscape.com)
  • The glucose transporters expressed in the renal proximal tubule ensure that less than 0.5 g/day (range 0.03-0.3 g/d) is excreted in the urine of healthy adults. (medscape.com)
  • As the rate of glucose entering the nephron rises above 260-350mg/1.73m 2 /min (14.5-19.5mmol/1.73m 2 /min), the excess glucose exceeds the reabsorptive capacity of proximal tubule and is excreted in the urine (i.e. glucosuria). (medscape.com)
  • In conclusion, AEG enhances glucose transport by modulating the proximal and distal markers involved in glucose uptake and its transformation into glycogen. (wiley.com)
  • The novel innovation and significance resides within its potential to provide (1) an expanded understanding of the mechanism through which a maternal high fat diet reprograms primate gene expression and (2) a simple intervention (essential nutrient supplementation with neither diet nor behavioral modification) with tremendous potential impact given the current obesity epidemic and the lack of efficacious therapeutics. (nih.gov)
  • FRG is a rare disorder due mainly to mutations in the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 gene ( SGLT2 ) that are responsible for the majority of cases. (medscape.com)
  • 2016). Characterizing and evaluating the expression of the type IIb sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter (slc34a2) gene and its potential influence on phosphorus utilization efficiency in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). (tcdb.org)
  • Several normal variations (polymorphisms) of the SLC2A10 gene have been associated with an increased risk of peripheral artery disease in people with type 2 diabetes , a disorder in which resistance to the hormone insulin leads to excess glucose levels in the blood (hyperglycemia). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Elucidating the function of the mutated gene, ALMS1 , is critical for the development of specific treatments and may uncover pathways relevant to a range of other disorders including common forms of obesity and type 2 diabetes. (springer.com)
  • In the present work we present a succinct review of these molecular interactions, including endocrine and paracrine signaling, gene regulation and cell communication. (juniperpublishers.com)
  • In insulin-dependent peripheral tissues such as skeletal muscle, adipose, and liver, zinc ions play a role in insulin-induced glucose transport and glycemic control [ 9 - 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • abstract = "The subcellular distribution of glucose transporters in rat hepatocytes and HepG2 cells was studied in the absence and in the presence of insulin. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • Ion transport and regulation in a synaptic vesicle glutamate transporter. (ucsf.edu)
  • 500 ms. Decay time constants of EPSCs increased (or decreased) in the presence of a glutamate transporter blocker (or a competitive glutamate receptor blocker), suggesting a role for glutamate accumulation and spillover in synaptic transmission. (jneurosci.org)
  • In addition, it reduced glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis and glycolysis, and led to defective TG synthesis and storage in HCs. (helsinki.fi)
  • GSD type IV, also known as amylopectinosis, Glycogen Branching enzyme deficiency (GBE) or Andersen disease, is a rare disease that leads to early death. (medscape.com)
  • 2017). Characterization of the isoforms of type IIb sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter (Slc34a2) in yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, and their vitamin D3-regulated expression under low-phosphate conditions. (tcdb.org)
  • The key enzymes of gluconeogenesis are phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase). (medscape.com)
  • It has been reported that lung cancer cells exhibit upregulated expression of all key glycolytic enzymes [hexokinase 2 (HK2), phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase (PK)] ( 13 ), suggesting that the essential enzymes of the aerobic glycolytic pathway have a critical role in the development of lung carcinoma. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Taken together, the data represent a likely mechanism and provides initial molecular details for the connection between the PXR signaling pathway and inflammation. (ku.edu)
  • Immunoblot analysis revealed an insulin-like glucose transporting mechanism of AEG by activating key markers involved in the insulin signaling cascade such as insulin receptor beta IRβ, insulin receptor substrate1, 85 phosphatidyl inositol 3′ kinase (PI3K) and PKB. (wiley.com)
  • It is only recently that we and others have begun to investigate glucose transport as an important mechanism for maintaining a nutrient-depleted environment in the lung lumen to limit the growth of pathogenic organisms. (ersjournals.com)
  • Diversity of function and mechanism in a family of organic anion transporters. (ucsf.edu)
  • cell failure in type 2 diabetes. (sciencebiology.org)
  • However, questions on how zinc transporters are regulated and effectively facilitate zinc flux contributing to cell signaling are largely unknown. (hindawi.com)
  • These results suggest that downregulation of Hnf6 expression in β-cells during development is essential to achieve a mature, glucose-responsive β-cell. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The depletion of ORP2 led to dysregulated transcriptional regulation of lipogenesis in both of the studied cell types. (helsinki.fi)
  • Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by T cell-mediated destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. (geneticsmr.org)
  • Dose-dependent increase in glucose uptake activity (GUA) was observed in both cell lines. (wiley.com)
  • AE1, AE2, and NBCn1), (ii) is important for trafficking to the cell membrane (e.g. (tcdb.org)
  • Microvesicles have a diameter ranging from 100 nm to 1 µm and are released by cell membrane budding. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Plasma membrane contamination into subcellular fractions was assessed by measuring distribution of 5′‐nucleotidase and cell surface carbohydrate label. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • Insulin treatment did not change the subcellular distribution patterns of glucose transporters in both cell types. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • Table 2 Density and spatial distribution of immune cell phenotypes in different lesions of ovarian cancer. (tech-strategy.org)
  • Open up in BGJ398 inhibition another window Body 2 Scatter plots evaluating immune system cell phenotypes between major tumor as well as the matching peritoneal lesion. (tech-strategy.org)
  • Did you know that the absence of one tiny amino acid in cell membranes causes Cystic Fibrosis, a life-threatening disease? (visionlearning.com)
  • And a common aliment, heartburn, is treated with medicine that slows down the rate at which protons are pumped across cell membranes into the stomach. (visionlearning.com)
  • Studying how molecules travel across plasma membranes (cell membranes) is the key to understanding and treating many medical conditions. (visionlearning.com)
  • The plasma membrane serves as a semi-permeable barrier to the cell. (visionlearning.com)
  • The plasma membrane (also called the cell membrane) is anything but a simple barrier between the inside of a cell and the environment outside of it. (visionlearning.com)
  • Many types of components are mingled throughout the cell membrane. (visionlearning.com)
  • stream ATP-binding cassette transporters and HDL suppress hematopoietic stem cell proliferation. (skanestugan.se)
  • There are primarily two types of lung cancer: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and SCLC, and the former accounts for ~85% of all lung cancer cases ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Proper retention of glucose transporters in the cell membrane depends on this modification, but when FOXA2 and HNF1A aren't working properly, GnT-4a's function is greatly diminished. (blogspot.com)
  • He and his colleagues are now considering various methods to augment beta cell GnT-4a enzyme activity in humans, as a means to prevent and possibly cure type 2 diabetes. (blogspot.com)
  • Insulin reduces the amount of glucose in the blood by binding to insulin receptors embedded in the cell membrane of various insulin -responsive tissues like muscle cells and adipose tissue . (osmosis.org)
  • When activated, the insulin receptors cause vesicles containing glucose transporter that are inside the cell to fuse with the cell membrane , allowing glucose to be transported into the cell. (osmosis.org)
  • The exact reason why cells don't "respond" isn't fully understood, but the cells don't move their glucose transporters to their membrane in response, which if you remember, is needed for glucose to get into the cell, these cells are therefore insulin resistant. (osmosis.org)
  • Type I hair cells contain ∼7-22 individual ribbon synapses per hair cell ( Lysakowski and Goldberg, 2008 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • The coordinate development of both granulosa cell types is necessary to fulfill oocyte requirements. (juniperpublishers.com)
  • In type 2 diabetes, receptor activation and recognition by microorganisms from the intestinal lumen may trigger inflammatory responses, inducing the phosphorylation of serine residues in insulin receptor substrate-1, reducing insulin sensitivity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Distinct In Vitro and In Vivo Neutralization Profiles of Monoclonal Antibodies Elicited by the Receptor Binding Domain of the Ancestral SARS-CoV-2. (cdc.gov)
  • Here we produced and characterized a set of mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD). (cdc.gov)
  • The archetypical Na + -driven transporter is the intestinal brush border Na + /glucose co-transporter (see ref. 8), and a defect in the co-transporter is the origin of the congenital glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome 9 . (nature.com)
  • Plasma glucose levels have a major influence on insulin release and hyperglycemia is known to cause an immediate rise in blood levels of insulin. (elisakits.co.uk)
  • Fasting is ended when plasma glucose levels are less than 45 mg/dL accompanied by signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia. (medscape.com)
  • Renal glucosuria has also been reported in patients with acute pyelonephritis in the presence of a normal blood glucose level. (medscape.com)
  • In health individuals this equates to a blood glucose concentration of approximately 200mg/dL (11mmol/L), which is believed to be threshold for the appearance of glucosuria. (medscape.com)
  • Failure to maintain an optimal circulating blood glucose concentration results in diabetes, a disease with varying etiologies. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Heterozygosity for mutations suggest a role of nongenetic factors or other genes involved in renal glucose transport. (medscape.com)
  • Gluconeogenesis in the kidneys exceeds renal glucose consumption. (medscape.com)
  • To demonstrate the power of this technology, we will generate a molecular disease fingerprint allowing differentiation between three clinically indistinguishable yet biochemically distinct disease pathways underlying the deadly brain cancer glioblastoma multiforme. (nih.gov)
  • Glucose diffuses into ASL via paracellular pathways at a rate determined by paracellular permeability and the transepithelial glucose gradient. (ersjournals.com)
  • It may also provide new insights into the molecular pathways that go awry in common forms of conditions such as obesity and diabetes, which represent major public health concerns [ 8 , 9 ]. (springer.com)
  • Problems with blood vessels, including peripheral artery disease, are common in type 2 diabetes, and are believed to be related to the effect of hyperglycemia on TGF-β signaling. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Arterial blood gas levels (through an indwelling line [eg, umbilical arterial catheter or preductal peripheral arterial line]): To assess the pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO 2 ) and the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO 2 ) which might be higher in the preductal arterial line. (medscape.com)
  • In humans, zinc is found in all body tissues and secretions contributing to approximately 2-4 g of total zinc in the adult body [ 18 , 19 ] and is therefore the most abundant trace metal in tissue next to iron of which there is approximately 4 g localized mostly in blood [ 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The arrangement of multiple GLUTs across all somatic tissues signifies the important role of glucose across all organisms. (preprints.org)
  • Now in Type 2 diabetes , the body usually makes insulin , but the tissues don't respond as well to it. (osmosis.org)
  • they are ranked as the third or fourth than individually in suspensions and while in this environ- most commonly isolated bloodstream pathogens, surpass- ment may display altered phenotypes (2). (cdc.gov)
  • It also allows cells to uptake glucose that enters the bloodstream and uses it for energy. (elisakits.co.uk)
  • In this video, we'll be focusing specifically on the use of insulin secretagogues like sulfonylurea for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes . (osmosis.org)
  • This suggests that the mammalian Na + -driven transporter has no evolutionary relationship to the other sugar transporters. (nature.com)
  • Glucose diffusion is determined by epithelial permeability to glucose, the transepithelial glucose gradient and surface area. (ersjournals.com)
  • Membrane permeability comparable to 8-Br-cAMP. (biolog.de)
  • Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a disease that is largely associated with increased rates of obesity and reduced physical activity [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • 2012). Functional Interaction between CFTR and the Sodium-Phosphate Co-Transport Type 2a in Xenopus laevis Oocytes. (tcdb.org)
  • ORP2 was also found to facilitate cholesterol transport between the late endosomes/lysosomes (LE/LY) and plasma membrane (PM) and to interact with the related LE/LY cholesterol transporter ORP1L. (helsinki.fi)
  • Here, we consider a newly identified role for pulmonary glucose transport in maintaining low airway surface liquid (ASL) glucose concentrations and propose that this contributes to lung defence against infection. (ersjournals.com)
  • In the distal lung, glucose transport via sodium-coupled glucose transporters predominates. (ersjournals.com)
  • However, much subsequent research in this area was focused on the role of pulmonary SGLT transport as a modifier of lung liquid volume [ 3 , 4 ], and the effects of starvation and diabetes on glucose transport [ 1 , 5 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • ASL glucose concentrations are the net result of diffusion of glucose from blood and interstitial fluid across the respiratory epithelium into the ASL, and removal of glucose from ASL by epithelial glucose transport processes. (ersjournals.com)
  • 1][2][3] The protective functions of HDL are due to its role in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) but also may be related to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. (skanestugan.se)
  • [ 2 ] In 1978, Narisawa et al proposed that a transport defect of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) into the microsomal compartment may be present in some patients with GSD type I. (medscape.com)
  • Journal of molecular endocrinology, 52(2), pp. 169-79. (unibe.ch)