Membrane ion transporters ions membrane protein. Medical search. Frequent questions

Glucose is a direct energy source, and galactose may be used as a component of complex proteins or lipids (glycoproteins and glycolipids). (researchgate.net)
Finally, we describe how domain movements are associated with the displacement of bound lipids and significant membrane deformations, highlighting the potential regulatory role of the bilayer. (elifesciences.org)

They go on to demonstrate that such protocells are limited by their own permeability, which ultimately forced them to transduce natural proton gradients into biochemical sodium gradients, at no net energetic cost, using a simple Na+/H+ transporter. (scienceblog.com)
Their hypothesis predicts a core set of proteins required for early energy conservation, and explains the puzzling promiscuity of respiratory proteins for both protons and sodium ions. (scienceblog.com)
The bile acid sodium symporter (BASS) family transports a wide array of molecules across membranes, including bile acids in humans, and small metabolites in plants. (elifesciences.org)
These transporters, many of which are sodium-coupled, have been shown to use an elevator mechanism of transport, but exactly how substrate binding is coupled to sodium ion binding and transport is not clear. (elifesciences.org)
The BASS family is characterised by two helices that cross-over in the centre of the protein in an arrangement that is intricately held together by two sodium ions. (elifesciences.org)
During molecular dynamics simulations the pantoate remains in this position when sodium ions are present but is more mobile in their absence. (elifesciences.org)
The manuscript represents an important contribution to an ongoing discussion about the substrate binding site and mechanism of the Bile Acid Sodium Symporter (BASS) family of transporters. (elifesciences.org)
These proteins harness the sodium ion gradient to transport bile acids across the plasma membranes of enterocytes of the terminal ileum and hepatocytes, respectively. (elifesciences.org)
We report Cryo-EM structures of Glt Ph reconstituted into nanodiscs, including those structurally constrained in the cytoplasm-facing state and either apo, bound to sodium ions only, substrate, or blockers. (elifesciences.org)
Sodium and aspartate symporter Glt Ph is an archaeal homolog of human glutamate transporters, which clear the neurotransmitter glutamate from the synaptic cleft following rounds of neurotransmission ( Danbolt, 2001 ). (elifesciences.org)
Briefly, the transporters are homotrimers with each protomer consisting of a centrally located scaffold or trimerization domain and a peripheral transport domain that harbors the L-aspartate (L-asp) and three sodium (Na + ) ions binding sites. (elifesciences.org)
Now, not all of the ions are easy or convenient to measure, so typically the dominant cation, sodium Na+, which is typically around 137 mEq/L and the two dominant anions, chloride Cl−, which is about 104 mEq/L, and bicarbonate HCO3−, which is around 24 mEq/L, are measured. (msdmanuals.com)

The neurotransmitter transporters belong to three known families of intrinsic membrane proteins (Figure 1). (caltech.edu)
The energy for transport, which is often against the neurotransmitter concentration gradient, is derived from the cotransport (and in some cases the counter transport) of inorganic ions. (caltech.edu)

The major facilitator superfamily (MFS) of membrane proteins represents the largest family of secondary transporters with members from Archaea to Homo sapiens. (embl.de)

Metal chaperones (or metallochaperones) are compounds that function to shuttle metal ions to specific intracellular target proteins. (frontiersin.org)
Cumulatively, however, these processes serve to maintain tight regulatory control over cellular metal ion homeostasis such that the intracellular concentration of freely available metal ions (such as copper and zinc) is close to zero. (frontiersin.org)
Three years after the initial discovery, they found that another protein structurally related to glutathione transferases, a chloride intracellular ion channel, CLIC-2, could also dampen the activity of the ryanodine receptor in the heart. (the-scientist.com)
[ 4 ] Protein hZIP4 transports zinc ions from the cell exterior or lumen of intracellular organelles into the cytoplasm, where it is available to other newly synthesized proteins. (medscape.com)

The positively charged potassium ions and negatively charged chlorine ions are moved together (co-transported), so that the charges inside and outside the cell membrane are unchanged (electroneutral). (medlineplus.gov)
it can attach to negatively charged proteins. (msdmanuals.com)

In this case, the bicarbonate HCO3− ion concentration decreases by binding of bicarbonate HCO3− ions and protons H+, which results in the formation of H2CO3 carbonic acid, which subsequently breaks down into carbon dioxide CO2 and water H2O. (msdmanuals.com)

Among the main mechanisms of this multidrug resistance is the overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters that mediate drug efflux, and, specifically, ABCB1, ABCG2 and ABCC1 are known to cause cancer chemoresistance. (nature.com)
The TrkH/TrkG/KtrB proteins mediate K(+) uptake in bacteria and probably evolved from simple K(+) channels by multiple gene duplications or fusions. (rostlab.org)
They hope to mediate the concentrations of both calcium and chloride ions using synthetic ionophores. (rsc.org)

Furthermore, genetic modification of ABC transporters by CRISPR-Cas9 and approaches to re-engineer amino acid sequences to change the direction of transport from efflux to import are briefly discussed. (nature.com)
A hydrophobic amino acid content of 60-70% of most MFS members, high alfa-helix content and an inherent symmetry of the proteins with regard to helix kinks and bends provides nonspecific overlapping of residues and probably accounts for the reported similarities. (embl.de)
It consists of 14 separate exons spanning approximately 7.7kb of genomic DNA, and encodes the 672 amino acid protein SGLT2. (medscape.com)

The FepA membrane protein is surrounded by a lipid bilayer separating the extracellular medium and the periplasm. (nature.com)
Glutamate transporters are essential players in glutamatergic neurotransmission in the brain, where they maintain extracellular glutamate below cytotoxic levels and allow for rounds of transmission. (elifesciences.org)
HP2 lies on the surface of a large extracellular bowl formed by the transporter and occludes L-asp and three Na + -binding sites (NA1, 2, and 3). (elifesciences.org)
Extrudes 1 Ca 2+ for 3 extracellular Na + ions. (tcdb.org)

Galactose is a monosaccharide consisting of 6 carbon atoms and it is an epimer of glucose, thus its transporter proteins are also SGLT1 and GLUT 2 (10, 12). (researchgate.net)
The glucose transporters expressed in the renal proximal tubule ensure that less than 0.5 g/day (range 0.03-0.3 g/d) is excreted in the urine of healthy adults. (medscape.com)
Consequently the affinity of the transporters for glucose along the tubule increases to allow for complete reabsorption of glucose from the urine. (medscape.com)

Building on their research into imidazolium amphiphiles , they have developed a benzimidazolium-based compound that increases chloride flux in a variety of lipid bilayer systems, and increases bacterial cell wall permeability to calcium ions. (rsc.org)
We hypothesize that these proteins are involved in modulating membrane permeability. (frontiersin.org)

In their paper Nick Lane (UCL, Genetics, Evolution and Environment) and Bill Martin (University of Dusseldorf) address the question of where all this energy came from - and why all life as we know it conserves energy in the peculiar form of ion gradients across membranes. (scienceblog.com)
In all these cases, the energy derived from respiration is stored in the form of ion gradients over membranes. (scienceblog.com)
Ion-transporting ATPases establish the concentration gradients for these ions. (caltech.edu)

Our study uses classical algorithms such as space partitions and Dijkstra paths search 9 , applied in an original and novel way by taking into account the full representation of a membrane protein including the solvent and the lipid bilayer (Fig. 1 ). (nature.com)
Zinc stabilizes cell membranes by reducing free radicals and preventing lipid peroxidation. (medscape.com)

It imports hundreds of nucleus-encoded proteins, and diverse metabolites are continuously exchanged across the two chromatophore envelope membranes. (frontiersin.org)

However, the limited set of chromatophore-encoded solute transporters appears insufficient for supporting metabolic connectivity or protein import. (frontiersin.org)
The gene SLC39A4 was found to encode a solute carrier protein called human zinc/iron-regulated transporterlike protein (hZIP4). (medscape.com)

Researchers in Canada have developed the first benzimidazolium-based synthetic ion channel and shown that it can cause damage to bacterial cells walls. (rsc.org)

Ryanodine is an ion channel, embedded in an internal membrane within the muscle cell, that surrounds a pocket of calcium ions. (the-scientist.com)
The channel regulates the changes in calcium ion concentration that control the muscle contractile apparatus and, in turn, muscle movement. (the-scientist.com)
In this HOT paper , the Schmitzer group at the Université de Montréal are particularly interested in the transport of chloride ions in epithelial cells through calcium activated ion channels. (rsc.org)

This protein is involved in moving charged atoms (ions) of potassium (K) and chlorine (Cl) across the cell membrane. (medlineplus.gov)
Crystal structure of a potassium ion transporter, TrkH. (rostlab.org)

Given the tight relation between protein structure and function, we present a set of methods to analyze protein topology, implemented in the VLDP program, relying on Laguerre space partitions built from series of molecular dynamics snapshots. (nature.com)
Topology is a prominent aspect of both morphology and functioning of proteins. (nature.com)

This compound will hopefully inspire new drugs to treat cystic fibrosis, which is caused by mutation of a chloride-ion channel known as the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR). (rsc.org)
T16Ainh-A01, an aminophenylthiazole, is a potent transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A) inhibitor, inhibiting TMEM16A-mediated chloride currents with an IC50 value of ~1 µM. (csnpharm.cn)

High-resolution structures, biophysical and in silico studies have led to tremendous progress in understanding the mechanism of drug transport by these ABC transporters, and several promising therapies, including irradiation-based immune and thermal therapies, and nanomedicine have been used to overcome ABC transporter-mediated cancer chemoresistance. (nature.com)
We suggest that current information regarding the structure, mechanism and regulation of ABC transporters should be used in clinical trials to improve the efficiency of chemotherapeutics for patients with cancer. (nature.com)
What these failed trials do suggest, however, is that compounds whose mechanism of action is to solely target the beta-amyloid protein, and hence which can be considered to be "classical approaches" ( Masters and Beyreuther, 2006 ), may not represent the optimal approach to the treatment of AD. (frontiersin.org)
These results reveal the molecular basis of K(+) selectivity and suggest a novel gating mechanism for this large and important family of membrane transport proteins. (rostlab.org)
These results have implications, not only for ASBT NM but for the BASS family as a whole and indeed other transporters that work through the elevator mechanism. (elifesciences.org)
However, the mechanism of gating on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane remains ambiguous. (elifesciences.org)

The center will design, model, synthesize, and fabricate nanomedical devices based on natural and synthetic ion transporters - proteins that control ion motion across the membranes of every living cell. (phys.org)

[ 3 ] This protein controls zinc uptake across the plasma membrane of various cell types, including the intestine. (medscape.com)

Electroneutral co-transport of ions across cell membranes is involved in many functions of the body. (medlineplus.gov)
Fig. 3: Substrate-binding pockets of ATP-binding cassette transporters and the drug transport cycle. (nature.com)
Membrane proteins, such as those operating transport through the membrane in a controlled way, are prone to show interesting topological properties related to their function. (nature.com)
This facilitation of metal transport is distinct from metal chelators or buffers, which function to exclude or deplete metals from discrete cellular compartments to thereby limit biological interactions of key metal ions. (frontiersin.org)
Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations highlight the improved stability for the substrate in the active site when ions are present, suggesting a binding order during the transport cycle. (elifesciences.org)

Selamectin is a potent nematocide used for the treatment of parasites, which selectively binds to parasite glutamate-gated chloride ion channels and disrupts neurotransmission. (csnpharm.cn)

We address the molecular basis of their broad substrate specificity gleaned from structural information and discuss novel approaches to block the function of ABC transporters. (nature.com)
Here, we solve the crystal structure at 2.3 Å of a transporter from Neisseria meningitidis (ASBT NM ) in complex with pantoate, a potential substrate of ASBT NM . (elifesciences.org)
The sequences identity ranges around 12-18% but regions of functional similarity (e.g., substrate- or H-binding sites) align for only very closely related MFS transporters. (embl.de)

As evidence for the role of metal ion dysregulation in the pathogenesis of multiple CNS disorders grows, it has become important to more precisely identify and differentiate the biological effects of various pharmacological modulators of metal ion homeostasis. (frontiersin.org)
Properties of interest that appear in the biological ion transporters include electrical signaling, osmotic pumping, and molecular detection. (phys.org)
The movement of ions through cell walls is essential for a host of biological processes. (rsc.org)

The SLC30A2 gene encodes a zinc transporter, ZnT2. (medscape.com)

TrkH is a homodimer, and each protomer contains an ion permeation pathway. (rostlab.org)

Screen Quest™ assay kits, a set of HTS-ready tools for high throughput screening of biochemical and cellular targets such as protein kinases, proteases, HDAC, cell apoptosis and cytoxicity, GPCR, ion channels, ADME/metabolism and transporters. (stratech.co.uk)

Mitochondria have a double membrane structure and use aerobic respiration to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used throughout the cell as a source of chemical energy . (wikipedia.org)
The vast majority of this transportation occurs through ion channels or pores in the cell membrane. (rsc.org)

Here we show by mass spectrometric analyses of enriched insoluble protein fractions that, unexpectedly, nucleus-encoded transporters are not inserted into the chromatophore inner envelope membrane. (frontiersin.org)

Fig. 2: Structures of three ATP-binding cassette transporters. (nature.com)

One such inhibitor of NCX transporters, ORM-10962, exhibits high efficacy and selectivity. (tcdb.org)

KCC3 may also help regulate the activity of other proteins that are sensitive to ion concentrations. (medlineplus.gov)

Variants in the SLC12A6 gene that cause Andermann syndrome disrupt the function of the KCC3 protein. (medlineplus.gov)
We will use our expertise in multi-scale modeling to understand and predict how transporter structure leads to function, with an initial focus on specialized transporters found in the electric eel," Rempe says. (phys.org)
Thus, despite the apparent maintenance of its barrier function, canonical metabolite transporters are missing in this membrane. (frontiersin.org)
The syndrome is caused by changes in the structure and function of certain cardiac ion channels and reduced expression of Connexin 43 (Cx43) in the Right Ventricle (RV), predominantly in the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract (VSVD), causing electromechanical abnormalities. (bvsalud.org)

These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, intermembrane space , inner membrane , cristae , and matrix . (wikipedia.org)

a sensitive and robust tool for detection of proteins in solutions and solid surfaces (such as gels and membranes). (stratech.co.uk)

Having pioneered the study of muscle physiology in mammals, she uncovered how ion channels enable muscle movement. (the-scientist.com)

Apparently these chromatophore-targeted proteins evolved convergently to plastid-targeted expression regulators and are likely involved in gene expression control in the chromatophore. (frontiersin.org)
Two critical factors during this dauntingly complex process appear to be the establishment of metabolic connectivity between the symbiotic partners, and the evolution of nuclear control over protein expression levels within the organelle. (frontiersin.org)

The SLC12A6 gene provides instructions for making a protein called KCC3, a K-Cl co-transporter. (medlineplus.gov)
The lack of functional protein normally produced from the SLC12A6 gene is believed to interfere with the development of the corpus callosum and maintenance of the nerves that transmit signals needed for movement and sensation, resulting in the signs and symptoms of Andermann syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)

[18] The two membranes have different properties. (wikipedia.org)

Dulhunty and her colleagues were studying how the ryanodine receptor, a type of protein receptor, functions in muscle cells. (the-scientist.com)

the majority of which target one or both of the primary aggregating proteins implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. (frontiersin.org)

Anatomy42

Organisms9

Chemicals and Drugs114

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Phenomena and Processes62

Disciplines and Occupations3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Information Science4

Health Care1

Lipids2

Sodium12

Neurotransmitter2

Secondary transporters1

Intracellular4

Negatively charged2

Protons1

Mediate3

Amino acid3

Extracellular4

Glucose3

Permeability2

Gradients3

Lipid2

Metabolites1

Solute2

Bacterial1

Calcium3

Potassium2

Topology2

Transmembrane2

Mechanism6

Synthetic ion1

Uptake1

Transport5

Potent1

Substrate3

Biological3

Encodes1

Protomer1

Biochemical1

Cell2

Analyses1

Structures1

Selectivity1

Concentrations1

Function4

Compartments1

Detection1

Mammals1

Control2

Gene2

Properties1

Functions1

Target1