• Sterol carrier protein-2 ( SCP-2) is an intracellular, small, basic protein domain that in vitro enhances the transfer of lipids between membranes. (slu.se)
  • Lipids are the major structural elements of all biological membranes, serving as signaling molecules within and between cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Previous studies showed that the NHD of PE-conjugated ATG8s mediates membrane hemifusion via a direct interaction with lipids in trans-membrane association, which would require the NHD in lipidated ATG8s to adopt a solvent-oriented, "open", conformation that unmasks a UBL domain surface needed for membrane tethering. (bvsalud.org)
  • Often starting as a phagosome in the endocytic compartment, these bacteria-occupied vacuoles transition into organelles with novel molecular features via remodeling of host proteins and lipids through the highly coordinated actions of bacterial factors [3] [5] . (microbialcell.com)
  • therefore, host lipids and their biosynthesis pathways have emerged as critical regulators of intracellular replication for vacuolar pathogens both as organelle membrane building blocks as well as nutrients [8] [9] . (microbialcell.com)
  • MARV assembles and buds from the host cell plasma where MARV matrix protein (mVP40) dimers associate with anionic lipids at the plasma membrane inner leaflet and undergo a dynamic and extensive self-oligomerization into the structural matrix layer. (uci.edu)
  • Hippocampal lipids were not significantly affected by APOE genotype, however levels of myelin-enriched sulfatides and hexosylceramides were significantly lower, and polyunsaturated phospholipids were higher, in rs1990622-A carriers after controlling for APOE genotype. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our study demonstrates that TMEM106B protein abundance is increased with brain ageing in humans, establishes that dementia risk allele rs1990622-A predisposes to TMEM106B fibril formation in the hippocampus, and provides the first evidence that rs1990622-A affects brain lipid homeostasis, particularly myelin lipids. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These results point to a unique requirement towards lipids at the FMDV replication membranes. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Non-specific lipid-transfer protein also known as sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP-2) or propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SCP2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • This gene encodes two proteins: sterol carrier protein X (SCPx) and sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP2), as a result of transcription initiation from 2 independently regulated promoters. (wikipedia.org)
  • The transcript initiated from the proximal promoter encodes the longer SCPx protein, and the transcript initiated from the distal promoter encodes the shorter SCP2 protein, with the 2 proteins sharing a common C-terminus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Evidence suggests that the SCPx protein is a peroxisome-associated thiolase that is involved in the oxidation of branched chain fatty acids, while the SCP2 protein is thought to be an intracellular lipid transfer protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Before entering lipid synthesis pathways, different kinds of acyl-CoA transporters which acts as the major carrier of acyl-CoAs, such as fatty acid binding protein (FABP), sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP2) and acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP), would activate and convert fatty acids to fatty acyl-CoA esters via a reaction catalyzed by fatty acyl-CoA synthetase and transported to various metabolic locations [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The availability of cholesterol constitutes the rate-limiting step of steroidogenesis and is regulated by STARD1 which transfers cholesterol from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane 5 . (nature.com)
  • Fatty liver is associated with reduced SIRT3 activity and mitochondrial protein hyperacetylation. (tamu.edu)
  • HSD17B4, SCPX, HSDL2, and STOML1 encode fusion proteins with SCP-2 downstream of another protein domain, whereas C20orf79 encodes an unfused SCP-2. (slu.se)
  • Thus, intracellular bacteria frequently encode the capacity to regulate host lipogenesis as well as to modulate the lipid composition of host membranes. (microbialcell.com)
  • Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) is a lipid-droplet-associated protein that coordinates intracellular lipolysis in highly oxidative tissues and is thought to regulate lipid metabolism in response to phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA). (uci.edu)
  • These include genes of proteins that are involved in the uptake, biosynthesis, disposition, and cellular efflux of cholesterol. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cholesterol accumulation in membranes of the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) results in a down-regulation of the SREBP pathway and subsequently in the repression of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA-reductase (Hmgcr), the rate limiting enzyme of the de novo cholesterol biosynthesis [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although present also in other key regulatory proteins of cholesterol biosynthesis, uptake, and signaling, the structure and mechanism of action of the SSD are unknown. (duke.edu)
  • An important regulator of cellular cholesterol content is the sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) pathway, which controls, by transcriptional regulation, the uptake of cholesterol via LDL-receptor and several steps in the de novo synthesis of cholesterol. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The oxysterol-binding protein superfamily: new concepts and old proteins. (tamu.edu)
  • Phosphatidylinositol-4 kinase III beta and oxysterol-binding protein accumulate unesterified cholesterol on poliovirus-induced membrane structure. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Oxysterol-binding protein family I is the target of minor enviroxime-like compounds. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Using fluorescence microscopy, we localize endo-lysosomes containing NPC2 relative to mitochondria based on the Euclidian distance transform and use statistical inference to show that about 30% of such LE/LYSs are in contact to mitochondria in human fibroblasts. (nature.com)
  • We devise a protocol to determine the surface fraction of endo-lysosomes in contact with mitochondria and show that this fraction does not depend on functional NPC1 or NPC2 proteins. (nature.com)
  • Lasting MCSs between endo-lysosomes containing NPC2 and mitochondria move by slow anomalous sub-diffusion, providing location and time for sterol transport between both organelles. (nature.com)
  • Using Markov Chain Monte Carlo image simulations, we show that interaction between both organelle types, a defining feature of membrane contact sites (MCSs) can give rise to the observed spatial organelle distribution. (nature.com)
  • FLIM-FRET analysis of protein-protein interactions showed that PLIN5 S155 phosphorylation regulates PLIN5 interaction with adipose triglyceride lipase at the lipid droplet, but not with α-β hydrolase domain-containing 5. (uci.edu)
  • For membrane proteins, a third mechanism, based on the interaction of their transmembrane domain (TMD) with lipid microdomains, must also be considered. (biologists.com)
  • Secretory proteins exit the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in coat protein complex II (COPII)-coated vesicles and then progress through the Golgi complex before delivery to their final destination. (biologists.com)
  • For the enteroviruses, replication organelles form at Golgi membranes in a process that utilizes PI4KIIIβ. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The membrane of peroxisomes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is impermeable to NAD(H) and acetyl-CoA under in vivo conditions. (research.com)
  • The ABC transporter proteins Pat1 and Pat2 are required for import of long-chain fatty acids into peroxisomes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (research.com)
  • The import of membrane proteins into peroxisomes needs PEX19 for recognition, targeting and insertion via docking at PEX3. (genome.jp)
  • One membrane component that is often subverted by vacuolar bacteria is cholesterol - an abundant lipid that mammalian cells produce de novo at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or acquire exogenously from serum-derived lipoprotein carriers. (microbialcell.com)
  • metabolism of this heme-free eukaryote, we searched for heme- There are only a few examples of facultatively anaerobic or containing proteins in its de novo sequenced genome and exam-ined several cellular processes for which heme has so far been con- pathogenic bacteria that do not require heme (10-12), but no sidered indispensable. (medicinelakex1.com)
  • The free-living nematode Caenorhabditis eleganslacks the capacity to synthesize heme but is able to take it from the cytochromes respiration sterols protist bacteria it feeds on (15). (medicinelakex1.com)
  • discussed in this article, showed that the N terminus of lipidated human ATG8s adopts the "closed" conformation when it interacts with the membrane in cis-membrane association, i.e. with the same membrane ATG8 is anchored to. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here, we show that the IDPR in unconjugated Atg12 is positioned in proximity to the UBL domain, a configuration that is important for the functional structure of the protein. (bvsalud.org)
  • Matrix proteins in the cytosol are recognized by peroxisomal targeting signals (PTS) and transported to the docking complex at the peroxisomal membrane. (genome.jp)
  • In the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, this CCM is initiated and maintained by the pH gradient created across the chloroplast thylakoid membranes by photosystem (PS) II-mediated electron transport. (lookformedical.com)
  • In soluble guanylyl cyclase, heme serves as a protein cofactor for fundamental cellular processes, such as as the nitric oxide sensor, and thus plays an important role in electron transport in the respiratory chain, oxidative stress re- signal transduction. (medicinelakex1.com)
  • This process depends on the endo-lysosomal sterol transfer protein Niemann Pick C2 (NPC2). (nature.com)
  • We have identified a cytosolic acyl-CoA binding protein, with highly conserved amino acid residues and a typical acyl-CoA binding domain in N. caninum . (biomedcentral.com)
  • The sequence encoded a novel protein rich in alanine (25%) and proline (20%), which contained regions similar to proteins of comparable amino acid composition such as extracellular matrix components or the membrane-cytoskeletal linker synapsin. (lookformedical.com)
  • Even if amino acids are biologically present in a place, no protein can form spontaneously. (questionsonislam.com)
  • Cholesterol trafficking between sterol-rich organelles, such as the PM and endosomes and metabolically active but sterol-poor organelles, like ER and mitochondria, is very important, as the two latter harbor the molecular machinery to sense cellular cholesterol abundance and to convert cholesterol into essential sterol metabolites, respectively 4 . (nature.com)
  • Picornaviruses form replication complexes in association with membranes in structures called replication organelles. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The recombinant NcACBP protein was expressed to verify the binding activities of NcACBP in vitro , and the heterologous expression of NcACBP in Δacbp yeast in vivo . (biomedcentral.com)
  • The NcACBP recombinant protein was able to specifically bind acyl-CoA esters in vitro . (biomedcentral.com)
  • These in vitro, and their expression in these human tumour virus. (who.int)
  • This research includes comparative studies of the behavior of liposomes and nanostructured lipid-carriers in a series of well-structured in vitro tests that could assess their interactions with the hCMEC / D3 and SH - SY5Y cell lines as an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier and neuronal function, respectively. (mdpi.com)
  • Collectively, we provide experimental evidence that cellular cholesterol promotes L. pneumophila replication within a membrane bound organelle in infected macrophages. (microbialcell.com)
  • Transcriptional analysis of ACBP-deficient parasites revealed differentially expressed genes involved in a wide range of biological processes such as lipid metabolism, posttranslational modification, and membrane biogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the poster section, Joanna Shisler (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [UIUC], Urbana) reported that the modified virus, Ankara, activates nuclear factor κB through the mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, possibly facilitating the host immune response. (cdc.gov)
  • In the poster section, Joanna Shisler (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [UIUC], Urbana) reported that the modified virus, Ankara, activates nuclear factor κB through the mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal–regulated kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, possibly facilitating the host immune response. (cdc.gov)
  • Atg12 is comprised of a ubiquitin-like (UBL) domain preceded at the N terminus by an intrinsically disordered protein region (IDPR), a domain that comprises a major portion of the protein but remains elusive in its conformation and function. (bvsalud.org)
  • Conserved residues that modulate protein trans-splicing of Npu DnaE split intein. (tamu.edu)
  • The protein was partially cloned by immunoscreening of a cDNA library. (lookformedical.com)
  • A 210 kDa protein is located in a membrane-microtubule linker at the distal end of mature and nascent basal bodies. (lookformedical.com)
  • A monoclonal antibody raised against purified flagellar basal apparatuses from the green flagellate Spermatozopsis similis reacted with a protein of 210 kDa (p210) in western blots. (lookformedical.com)
  • Using a polyclonal antibody (anti-p210) raised against the C-terminal part of p210, it was shown that the protein was highly enriched in the basal apparatuses. (lookformedical.com)
  • During deflagellation the protein remained at the basal body but we observed changes in its distribution, indicating that p210 partially moved to the tip of the basal body. (lookformedical.com)
  • We suppose that p210 is involved in linking basal bodies to the plasma membrane, which is an important step during ciliogenesis. (lookformedical.com)
  • In contrast, the thermally sensitive population exhibited higher basal levels of heat shock proteins and had three times fewer changes in gene expression overall. (frontiersin.org)
  • Parasitic ecule because it reversibly binds to certain proteins, such as kinetoplastid flagellates represent a rare example of organisms transcription factors and ion channels, and thus modulates their that depend on oxidative metabolism but are heme auxotrophs. (medicinelakex1.com)
  • The Atg12 protein in yeast is an indispensable polypeptide in the highly conserved ubiquitin-like conjugation system operating in the macroautophagy/autophagy pathway. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this Commentary, I review evidence in favor of the idea that partitioning of TMDs into bilayer domains that are endowed with distinct physico-chemical properties plays a pivotal role in the transport of membrane proteins within the early secretory pathway. (biologists.com)
  • The combination of such self-organizational phenomena with canonical intermolecular interactions is most likely to control the release of membrane proteins from the ER into the secretory pathway. (biologists.com)
  • retained genes for the last three steps of the pathway, allowing The most abundant group of heme proteins are cytochromes them to synthesize heme from their host-derived precursors (20). (medicinelakex1.com)
  • This process depends on the general physico-chemical features of the cargo membrane protein and on the interactions of these features with the collective properties of the bilayer, instead of the one-to-one intermolecular interactions that exist between discrete signals and their receptors. (biologists.com)
  • Proteins found in any species of algae. (lookformedical.com)
  • M2590 recognized GM3 carbohydrate moiety with cross-species specificities, while M562 reacts with the protein with species specific melanoma antigenic determinant. (go.jp)
  • One exception is hu- humanized SCID mice, the use of al oncogenic viruses that are strictly man T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 surrogate hosts has not proven very species-specific, causing cancer in (HTLV-1): in addition to its ability to useful for defining tumour site con- humans only. (who.int)
  • For this reason, the infect humans, this virus can infect cordance between humans and ex- question about tumour site concor- several other species - including perimental animals. (who.int)
  • For other human tumour virus- primate species are related to the hu- tween data in humans and in experi- es, the use of humanized severe man tumour viruses, the incidence of mental animals is not obvious. (who.int)
  • In this combined immunodeficiency (SCID) cancer is low in these species (as it chapter, some aspects of this issue mice, in which the human target is in humans), which renders cancer are discussed. (who.int)
  • Cell membranes made of mindless and unconscious substances such as fat and protein act wisely and are selective consciously. (questionsonislam.com)
  • Western Blot: SR-BI Antibody [NB400-104] - SR-BI antibody was tested in human adrenal cell lysate. (novusbio.com)
  • Western Blot: SR-BI Antibody [NB400-104] - Detection of SR-BI in rat H4IIE total cell lysates and plasma membrane proteins. (novusbio.com)
  • They were infected into ED8767 E. coli, and then transfected into the human melanoma cell line P-36 by protoplast fusion with polyethylene glycol. (go.jp)
  • Animal models for human tumour mental animals is not easy to answer does induce adult T-cell leukaemia/ viruses that make use of animal virus- for these agents, because cancer bi- lymphoma (ATLL), albeit in monkeys es are scarce. (who.int)
  • Cholesterol is an essential component of cell membranes, of brain and nerve cells, and of bile, which helps the body absorb fats and fat-soluble vitamins. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In the oral cavity, polyphenols (particularly flavanols and proanthocyanidins), partially released from the food matrix, are able to interact with salivary proteins rich in proline. (docksci.com)
  • HSD17B4 which encodes a D-bifunctional protein ( DBP) with domains for D-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, enoyl-CoA hydratase, and SCP-2 are found in animals from insects to mammals and also in fungi. (slu.se)
  • Using the intrinsically fluorescent cholesterol analog, cholestatrienol, we directly observe sterol transport to mitochondria in fibroblasts upon treating NPC2 deficient human fibroblasts with NPC2 protein. (nature.com)
  • In response to the presence of certain activating substances, including oxidized LDL, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), interleukin (IL)-8, and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), leukocytes migrate into the wall of the artery (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • are particles of proteins and other substances. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A cysteine-rich metal-binding domain from rubella virus non-structural protein is essential for viral protease activity and virus replication. (tamu.edu)
  • A critical role of a cellular membrane traffic protein in poliovirus RNA replication. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • NPC disease is caused by dysfunction of either the NPC1 or NPC2 protein. (nature.com)
  • Niemann-Pick C1 protein (NPC1) is a late-endosomal membrane protein involved in trafficking of LDL-derived cholesterol, Niemann-Pick disease type C, and Ebola virus infection. (duke.edu)
  • NPC1 contains 13 transmembrane segments (TMs), five of which are thought to represent a 'sterol-sensing domain' (SSD). (duke.edu)
  • Here we report a crystal structure of a large fragment of human NPC1 at 3.6 Å resolution, which reveals internal twofold pseudosymmetry along TM 2-13 and two structurally homologous domains that protrude 60 Å into the endosomal lumen. (duke.edu)
  • Opioid receptors regulate ion channels controlling K and Ca cur- rents though direct coupling with G proteins. (forextrading-madeeasy.com)
  • Lipid-specific oligomerization of the Marburg virus matrix protein VP40 is regulated by two distinct interfaces for virion assembly. (uci.edu)
  • that is histopathological y very simi- T cel s, B cel s, natural kil er cel s, LMP1 of EBV can transform ro- lar to that caused by hepatitis B vi- macrophages, and dendritic cells, dent fibroblasts and is expressed rus (HBV) in humans, but it does so and this humanized mouse model in most of the human cancers as- through a different mechanism. (who.int)
  • A multifunctional role of Atg8-family proteins (Atg8 from yeast and human LC3 and GABARAP subfamilies, all referred to here as ATG8s) in macroautophagy/autophagy is carried out by two protein domains, the N-terminal helical domain (NHD) and ubiquitin-like (UBL) domain. (bvsalud.org)
  • Plant sterols are well known for their effects on blood cholesterol levels, however research into their potential role in mitigating cancer risk remains in its infancy. (mdpi.com)
  • Breast cancer is the most common malignancy affecting women and there remains a need for effective adjuvant therapies for this disease, for which plant sterols may play a distinctive role. (mdpi.com)
  • He also showed that double-stranded (ds)RNA- and ZDNA binding proteins had a role in poxvirus pathogenesis. (cdc.gov)
  • For instance, mice are able to reconstitute most lymphomas in monkeys and humans woodchuck hepatitis virus induces major components of the human provides strong support for a direct hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) haematolymphoid system including oncogenic role of EBV in vivo. (who.int)
  • The coat on the budding vesicle comprises two layers, an inner layer of adaptor proteins (gray ovals) and an outer layer that forms a polyhedral cage. (biologists.com)
  • This study tests sampled migratory and local wild birds to detect WNV and identify possible avian carriers. (cdc.gov)
  • Combining these data with information about avian migratory patterns, landscape characteristics, and weather conditions, over space and time, will provide the foundation for developing spatial analytical and forecasting models to assess the risk for human illness. (cdc.gov)
  • Lipid synthesis requires bulk carbon skeleton acyl-CoAs, the transport of which depends on the acyl-CoA binding protein (ACBP). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Decanoate is eliminated as urinary metabolites, however these situations can lead to longer exposure to the adult human kidney. (me-cabo.com)
  • These findings provide evidence that the IDPR is an indispensable part of the Atg12 protein from yeast. (bvsalud.org)
  • The oxidation state of the iron is important human parasites, depend on oxygen but are unable to produce for most biological roles of heme, but its exact function is ulti- heme. (medicinelakex1.com)
  • DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)
  • Here we describe the 3.2 Å cryo-EM structure of human DEC-205, thereby illuminating the structure of the mannose receptor protein family. (uci.edu)
  • Transport by partitioning is distinct from both bulk flow and receptor-mediated transport, because differently from bulk flow, cargo can be concentrated in transport carriers, yet the concentrating process does not depend on specific cargo receptors ( Fig. 1 and Box 1 ). (biologists.com)
  • This study aimed to determine how ageing and major genetic risk factors for dementia affect the hippocampal proteome and lipidome of neurologically-normal humans over the age of 65. (biomedcentral.com)