• NSF and SNAPs appear to be general components of the intracellular membrane fusion apparatus, and their action at specific sites of fusion must be controlled by SNAP receptors particular to the membranes being fused. (antibodies-online.com)
  • These receptors trigger inflammation through the NFkB-dependent and interferon regulatory factor-dependent signaling pathway. (medscape.com)
  • Proteins of the SNARE family (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors) are necessary to bring the membranes of a small vesicle and a cell membrane into close contact to promote fusion. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • Acute stress increases glutamate release, membrane trafficking of AMPA and NMDA receptors, and potentially glutamate clearance in the prefrontal cortex through various mechanisms that involve glucocorticoid regulation. (nature.com)
  • Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive-factor attachment protein receptors (SNARE) are membrane proteins responsible for the intercellular trafficking of signals through endocytosis and exocytosis of vesicles. (scielo.org)
  • Vesicle-associated membrane proteins 721 and 722 (VAMP721/722) are secretory vesicle-localized arginine-conserved soluble N -ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (R-SNAREs) to drive exocytosis in plants. (molcells.org)
  • Soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion factor attachment protein receptors ( SNARE) and actin cytoskeleton organization regulated by small GTPase of the Rho family were also proved to be essential for AQP2 trafficking. (uniba.it)
  • SNAP-25 contributes two helices to the complex and is targeted to the plasma membrane by palmitoylation of four cysteines in the linker region. (nih.gov)
  • It mediates fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic plasma membrane resulting in exocytosis of neurotransmitters. (researchgate.net)
  • The membrane tension of giant vesicles was adjusted through the adhesion area. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • Neurotransmitter release at synapses is mediated by the fusion of neurotransmitter containing synaptic vesicles (SV) with the presynaptic membrane. (uic.edu)
  • A rapid pool of vesicles that are docked at the plasma membrane, and whose fusion is limited only by calcium entry, a releasable pool of ATP-primed vesicles whose size also correlates with the number of ribbon-tethered vesicles, and a reserve pool of non-ribbon-tethered cytoplasmic vesicles. (tmc.edu)
  • Docking to the plasma membrane prepares vesicles for rapid release. (rupress.org)
  • In Caenorhabditis elegans motor neurons, dense core vesicles dock at the plasma membrane but are excluded from active zones at synapses. (rupress.org)
  • In contrast, we see that UNC-13, a docking factor for synaptic vesicles, is not essential for dense core vesicle docking. (rupress.org)
  • Neurons can release small molecule neurotransmitters very rapidly in part because synaptic vesicles are docked to the membrane at active zones. (rupress.org)
  • Dense core vesicles are usually found in the cytoplasm and these cytoplasmic vesicles must presumably translocate to the plasma membrane before release ( Zupanc, 1996 ). (rupress.org)
  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a population of heterogeneous particles that originate from the endosomal system or plasma membrane. (bmrat.org)
  • A class of proteins involved in the transport of molecules via TRANSPORT VESICLES. (jefferson.edu)
  • A broad category of proteins involved in the formation, transport and dissolution of TRANSPORT VESICLES. (uchicago.edu)
  • They play a role in the intracellular transport of molecules contained within membrane vesicles. (uchicago.edu)
  • A subfamily of MARVEL domain-containing proteins that are found in SYNAPTIC VESICLES, where they may play a role in modulating neuronal signaling. (ouhsc.edu)
  • SNARE Proteins" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uchicago.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "SNARE Proteins" by people in this website by year, and whether "SNARE Proteins" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (uchicago.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "SNARE Proteins" by people in Profiles. (uchicago.edu)
  • Altered expression of SNARE proteins in cellular communication is the major hallmark of cancer phenotypes as indicated in recent studies. (scielo.org)
  • It interacts with other SNARE proteins and vesicle-associated membrane proteins (VAMPs) to mediate membrane fusion events during intracellular transport processes. (affigen.com)
  • In this model, the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) attachment protein (SNAP) receptor (SNARE) proteins syntaxin-1, SNAP-25, and synaptobrevin form tight complexes that bring the membranes together and are crucial for membrane fusion. (elsevierpure.com)
  • We used the well-characterized goldfish bipolar neuron to investigate the organization of vesicle pools and the role of SNARE proteins at a retinal ribbon synapse. (tmc.edu)
  • To assess the functional role of SNARE proteins at retinal ribbon synapses, we used peptides derived from SNARE proteins that compete with endogenous proteins for SNARE complex formation. (tmc.edu)
  • Syntaxins are membrane integrated Q-SNARE proteins known to participate in exocytosis. (ommegaonline.org)
  • Although the members of Q-SNARE proteins are characterized in somatic cells, it is not known whether related proteins function in the sperm acrosome reaction. (ommegaonline.org)
  • The essential membrane fusion apparatus in mammalian cells, the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex, consists of four alpha-helices formed by three proteins: SNAP-25, syntaxin 1, and synaptobrevin 2. (nih.gov)
  • The SNARE complex assembles from vesicular Synaptobrevin-2 as well as Syntaxin-1 and SNAP25 both anchored to the presynaptic membrane. (researchgate.net)
  • Together with Syntaxin-1A and SNAP25, it forms the core membrane fusion machinery that is responsible for neurotransmitter release and, therefore, signal transmission between neurons. (researchgate.net)
  • In this study the tension-dependency of fusion using model membranes equipped with a minimal fusion machinery consisting of syntaxin 1, Synaptobrevin and SNAP 25 is addressed. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • Synaptobrevin2/Vesicle associated membrane protein-2 (v-SNARE) and Syntaxin (t-SNARE) form a vesicular docking complex during endocytosis. (scielo.org)
  • Munc18-1 also binds to synaptobrevin, forming a template to assemble the SNARE complex when Munc13-1 opens syntaxin-1 while bridging the vesicle and plasma membranes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Both the CAPS and UNC-13 docking pathways converge on syntaxin, a component of the SNARE (soluble N -ethyl-maleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment receptor) complex. (rupress.org)
  • Syntaxin of plant proteins SYP123 and SYP132 mediate root hair tip gro" by Mie Ichikawa, Tomoko Hirano et al. (lsu.edu)
  • Western blots of caput and cauda sperm lysates and plasma membrane fractions, stained with anti-syntaxin 2, revealed the presence of a 31kDa band in both sperm lysates and plasma membrane fractions, respectively. (ommegaonline.org)
  • Several biochemical analyses demonstrated that syntaxin 2 is an integral component of bovine cauda sperm plasma membranes. (ommegaonline.org)
  • NAPG mediates platelet exocytosis and controls the membrane fusion events of this process. (wikipedia.org)
  • Protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of AQP2 has been proposed to be essential in regulating AQP2-containing vesicle exocytosis. (uniba.it)
  • The acrosome reaction is analogous to regulated exocytosis in somatic cells in that both are initiated by ligand acting at the plasma membrane, both require activation of signaling pathways and ion channels, both are Ca 2+ -dependent and both result in the fusion of the plasma membrane with the membrane of a docked secretory granule (acrosome) [2,9,10] . (ommegaonline.org)
  • The soluble NSF attachment proteins (SNAPs) enable N-ethyl-maleimide-sensitive fusion protein (NSF) to bind to target membranes. (antibodies-online.com)
  • and the cytosolic proteins N-ethylmalemide sensitive factor (NSF), a trimeric ATPase required for membrane fusion, and the α-β-Y-SNAPs (soluble NSF attachment proteins), which function in binding NSF to the membrane [10,14] . (ommegaonline.org)
  • New technologies for purifying membrane-bound protein complexes in combination with cryo-electron microscopy (EM) have recently allowed the exploration of such complexes under near-native conditions. (researchgate.net)
  • It is proposed that membrane fusion is induced by, the formation of SNARE complexes, at the active zones in the plasma membrane that are composed many of different lipids and proteins. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • Following membrane fusion SNARE complexes are dissociated by the NSFs (N-ETHYLMALEIMIDE-SENSITIVE FACTORS), in conjunction with SOLUBLE NSF ATTACHMENT PROTEIN, i.e. (uchicago.edu)
  • 750 kDa), conserved macromolecular machines that are essential for soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE)-mediated membrane fusion in all eukaryotes.MTCs are thought to organizemembrane trafficking by mediating the initial long-range interaction between a vesicle and its target membrane and promoting the formation of membrane-bridging SNARE complexes. (princeton.edu)
  • The majority of adaptor proteins exist as multi-subunit complexes, however monomeric varieties have also been found. (jefferson.edu)
  • Gabrilovich's team begins to answer this with an astonishing observation that either inhibiting or depleting HSP70 leads to a re-routing of pMHC-I complexes, which rather than reaching the plasma membrane, are sent to lysosomes instead. (biomedcentral.com)
  • SNAREs play an important role in maintaining cell growth and epithelial membrane permeability of the bladder and are not only involved in cancer progression but also metastatic cell invasion through SNARE-mediated trafficking. (scielo.org)
  • In plants, three groups of regulatory proteins such as Sec1/Munc18 (SM), small GTPase and synaptotagmin (SYT) have been studied for modulating the trafficking functionality of SNAREs. (molcells.org)
  • This structure suggests how theDsl1 complex might tether a vesicle to its target membrane by binding at one end to the COPI coat and at the other to ER-associated SNAREs. (princeton.edu)
  • The observed binding modes appear to anchor the Dsl1 complex to the ER target membrane while simultaneously ensuring that both SNAREs are in open conformations, with their SNARE motifs available for assembly. (princeton.edu)
  • These ox-tr lipids contain reactive functional groups that were capable of mediating a covalent attachment to HSP70, and lipid droplets of DCs exposed to tumour extracts but not of controls strongly accumulated HSP70. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Previous studies suggest that the vesicular cysteine-string protein (CSP) may modulate presynaptic Ca 2+ channel activity in fast neurotransmitter release. (jneurosci.org)
  • Membrane fusion in native systems occurs on very short time scales and it has been proposed that lateral membrane tension of the presynaptic membrane is substantially increased to facilitate fusion. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • Although fundamental questions remain about the mechanism of membrane fusion, these advances provide a framework to investigate the mechanisms underlying presynaptic plasticity. (elsevierpure.com)
  • NSF and SNAPs (NSF attachment proteins) are general elements of the cellular membrane transport apparatus. (wikipedia.org)
  • By combining lipidomics and molecular dynamic simulations the authors show that oxidatively truncated (ox-tr) triacylglycerides accumulate in large lipid droplets of tumour-associated mouse DCs, and that these highly electrophilic species are predicted to preferentially occupy the droplet surface where they can directly access cytosolic proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Innate immunity resides in the skin, mucous membranes, polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells, complement system, and a select group of cells that possess cytotoxic capabilities. (medscape.com)
  • The skin and mucous membranes act as physical barriers to invading microorganisms. (medscape.com)
  • Dilated unreactive pupils are common, and mucous membranes are often dry and erythematous. (medscape.com)
  • Abstract Gene expression is tightly regulated in time and space through a multitude of factors consisting of signaling molecules. (scielo.org)
  • 2) The remaining contents will be sequestered in Rab7-positive late endosomes, which can fuse with the plasma membrane to form exosomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 5) Lysosomes can also fuse with the plasma membrane to mediate membrane repair or discharge contents outside the cell, such as cathepsins or immune factors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To mimic the natural fusion process for e.g. in neuronal cells, different model systems with artificial membranes containing the SNARE core complex were investigated. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • Ca++-triggered synchronized release of the neurotransmitter at the synapse, which underlies neuronal communication and synaptic plasticity, requires membrane fusion. (grantome.com)
  • There are several other neuronal proteins that regulate SV fusion by directly or indirectly affecting SNARE complex assembly and its function. (uic.edu)
  • My thesis focuses on understanding the role of three such neuronal proteins: UNC-13 (Uncoordinated), SAX-7 (Sensory Axon Guidance), and VPS-39 (Vacuolar Protein Sorting). (uic.edu)
  • Furthermore, many of us noticed which Vps16, Vps18, as well as the Sec1/Munc18 proteins Vps33, which part of the HOPS complex, hole towards the Q-SNARE complicated. (notes.io)
  • Major recent advances and previous data have led to a plausible model of how key proteins mediate neurotransmitter release. (elsevierpure.com)
  • AQP2 is redistributed to the apical membrane of collecting duct cells through activation of a cAMP signaling cascade initiated by the binding of vasopressin to its V2-receptor. (uniba.it)
  • We focus on zebrafish mutants, in which photoreceptor degeneration is caused by defects in protein synthesis in ER, protein transport from ER to the apical photoreceptive membrane region, and phototransduction. (oist.jp)
  • The connection of the cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane plays a pivotal role for the generation of membrane tension and the process of vesicle fusion. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • Some cell wall polysaccharide synthesis and cytoskeleton formation-related proteins were up-regulated by JA to promote tuber cell expansion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The formation of a SNARE complex (composed of one each of the four different types SNARE domains (Qa, Qb, Qc, and R)) mediates MEMBRANE FUSION. (uchicago.edu)
  • Complexin induces a conformational change at the membrane-proximal C-terminal end of the SNARE complex. (uchicago.edu)
  • The combination of growth factors and RTKs can activate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and negatively regulate TSC1/2, promoting Rheb to become GTP loaded, which can activate mTORC1. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gamma-soluble NSF attachment protein is a SNAP protein that in humans is encoded by the NAPG gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The sequence of the predicted 312-amino acid human protein encoded by NAPG is 95% identical to that of bovine gamma-SNAP. (wikipedia.org)
  • is compatible with a role in regulating Ca 2+ channel activity or SNARE [soluble N -ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein (SNAP) receptor] complex function in vesicle fusion. (jneurosci.org)
  • Biochemical and molecular dynamic simulation experiments revealed that the two substitutions do not regulate secretion by affecting the property of SNARE complex itself, but rather make the SNAP-25b-containing SNARE complex more available for the interaction with accessory factor(s). (nih.gov)
  • Chemotaxis of neutrophils involves movement of pseudopodia and polymerization of cytoskeletal proteins or actin. (medscape.com)
  • This antibody provides a valuable tool for investigating intracellular membrane trafficking, vesicle fusion, and the role of STX6 in cellular processes such as protein sorting, secretion, and endocytosis. (affigen.com)
  • Cessation of the stimulus is followed by endocytosis of the AQP2 proteins exposed on the plasma membrane and their recycling to the original stores, in which they are retained. (uniba.it)
  • Several patients with clinical features of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) have fusion of the TEL (ETV6) gene on 12p13 with ABL on 9q34 and express a chimeric Tel-Abl protein that contains the same portion of the Abl tyrosine kinase fused to Tel, an Ets family transcription factor, rather than Bcr. (shengsci.com)
  • A feed-forward pathway drives LRRK2 kinase membrane recruitment and activation. (stanford.edu)
  • A superfamily of small proteins which are involved in the MEMBRANE FUSION events, intracellular protein trafficking and secretory processes. (uchicago.edu)
  • In contrast to the sperm acrosome reaction, the secretory pathway of somatic cells has received detailed characterization in recent years and a great deal has been learned of the processes regulating vesicle docking and fusion with the plasma membrane. (ommegaonline.org)
  • The results revealed that the levels of a number of proteins involved in various cellular processes were regulated by JA during tuber development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Affibody molecules are small (58 amino acids) engineered scaffold proteins that can be selected to bind to a large variety of proteins with a high affinity. (mdpi.com)
  • More than 90% of extracellular miRNAs are vesicle-free, but form a complex with proteins such as Agonaute2 (AGO2) ( 22 , 23 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Research over the years have established SNARE (soluble-N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment receptor) complex as the core synaptic vesicle fusion machinery. (uic.edu)
  • strongly suggests that at least one regulatory protein should control the SNARE complex formation of VAMP721/722 with a specific Qa-SNARE in a particular biological process in plants. (molcells.org)
  • Previously, we reported the structure of the yeast Dsl1 complex, the simplest known MTC, which is essential for coat protein I (COPI) mediated transport fromthe Golgi to the endoplasmic reticulum(ER). (princeton.edu)
  • Following the acrosome reaction the fused hybrid membrane complex remains adherent to the zona surface, [4] and the newly exposed inner acrosomal membrane of the spermatozoon functions as the limiting membrane or plasma membrane equivalent [1] . (ommegaonline.org)
  • They are involved in diverse physiological processes in plants by interacting with distinct plasma membrane (PM) syntaxins. (molcells.org)
  • Lysosomes are an important component of the inner membrane system and participate in numerous cell biological processes, such as macromolecular degradation, antigen presentation, intracellular pathogen destruction, plasma membrane repair, exosome release, cell adhesion/migration and apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 1) Materials can be recycled to the plasma membrane by Rab11-positive recycling endosomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mammalian sperm acrosome reaction entails extensive fusion between the periacrosomal plasma membrane and the outer acrosomal membrane, with the release of hydrolases which function in sperm penetration through the zona pellucida [1-3] . (ommegaonline.org)
  • Key interacting proteins of the plasma membrane, the cytosol and the vesicle membrane which function in the membrane fusion pathway, have been identified in a variety of cell types and characterized at the molecular level [10-14] . (ommegaonline.org)
  • Vesicular transport proteins are distinguished from MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS, which move molecules across membranes, by the mode in which the molecules are transported. (uchicago.edu)
  • [ 1 ] Neutrophils move to the site of invasion by means of chemotaxis, which occurs in response to microbial products, activated complement proteins, and cytokines. (medscape.com)
  • STX6 is primarily localized to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and endosomes, where it plays a role in regulating membrane fusion and cargo trafficking. (affigen.com)
  • Therefore, identifying the factors and mechanisms that regulate the functional status and spatial distribution of lysosomes and elucidating the relationship between lysosomes and the development and progression of cancer can provide important information for cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction and may yield new therapeutic targets. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These diverse functions performed by the acrosomal segment during fertilization reveal the importance of identifying the specific signaling events and protein constituents which initiate and regulate the membrane fusion process of the acrosome reaction and prepare spermatozoa to fuse with the egg. (ommegaonline.org)
  • We have found that the calcium-activated protein for secretion (CAPS) protein is required for dense core vesicle docking but not synaptic vesicle docking. (rupress.org)
  • New insights into protein secretion: TANGO1 runs rings around the COPII coat. (uchicago.edu)
  • A molecular understanding of membrane traffic has broad implications for our understanding of growth control in cancer, receptor trafficking errors in heart disease, regulation of insulin secretion in diabetes and synaptic vesicle biogenesis and transport in neurological disorders. (stanford.edu)
  • Another fundamental question underlying the mechanism of vesicle fusion at these synapses is the role of SNARE (Soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor Attachment Protein Receptor) proteins. (tmc.edu)
  • The expression of Insulin and Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1 mRNA was significantly reduced in MIPβ1KO islets, along with reductions in insulin exocytotic proteins. (oncotarget.com)
  • Recent Advances in Deciphering the Structure and Molecular Mechanism of the AAA+ ATPase N-Ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Factor (NSF). (uchicago.edu)
  • Conserved salt-bridge competition triggered by phosphorylation regulates the protein interactome. (uchicago.edu)
  • Moreover, we identify a distinct, N-terminal, higher affinity interaction interface between LRRK2 phosphorylated Rab8 and Rab10 termed 'Site #2', that can retain LRRK2 on membranes in cells to catalyze multiple, subsequent phosphorylation events. (stanford.edu)
  • Further, the present project uses site-directed spin labeling (SDSL) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), an established technique for the investigation of structures and topologies of membrane proteins. (grantome.com)
  • Electron microscopy was performed to observe the thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). (biomedcentral.com)
  • A total of 257 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified by iTRAQ, which provided a comprehensive overview on the functional protein profile changes of tuber development regulated by JA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • EphA2 is a functional receptor for the growth factor progranulin. (jefferson.edu)
  • Binding of complement to a foreign substance, or antigen, amplifies and augments the body's innate immune system by means of its role as an opsonin (a factor that enhances phagocytosis of unwanted particles) and as a chemoattractant (a factor that recruits cells to areas of inflammation). (medscape.com)
  • Recent studies have shown that soluble factors elaborated by human T lymphocytes enhance erythroid burst formation by human peripheral blood null cells. (shengsci.com)
  • Although the members of these protein families are widely distributed among various types of somatic cells [10,11] , it is not known whether related proteins function in the acrosome reaction. (ommegaonline.org)
  • CAPS function in dense core vesicle docking parallels UNC-13 in synaptic vesicle docking, which suggests that these related proteins act similarly to promote docking of independent vesicle populations. (rupress.org)
  • The cytoHubba plug-in were used to identify hub genes from the protein-protein interaction network. (biomedcentral.com)