ElectrodesPotentiometryPolyvinyl ChlorideBioelectric Energy SourcesIon-Selective ElectrodesMembranes, ArtificialCalixarenesPlasticizersIonophoresElectrochemistryElectrodes, ImplantedPolymersHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationIndicators and ReagentsMembranesCell MembraneMembrane LipidsIntracellular MembranesMembrane PotentialsErythrocyte MembraneMembrane FluidityCell Membrane PermeabilityBasement MembraneElectrochemical TechniquesMicroelectrodesMembrane Transport ProteinsMembrane GlycoproteinsLipid BilayersMitochondrial MembranesMicroscopy, ElectronBiosensing TechniquesElectric StimulationProtein TransportFluorocarbon PolymersSynaptic MembranesGraphiteEquipment DesignCalcium