• However, we lack information on the lateral movement of extracellular membrane proteins located at the cell-fluid interface. (aps.org)
  • Each of the proteins produced from these genes transports certain ions across cell membranes . (medlineplus.gov)
  • The proteins that play a role in stimulating cell division can be classified into four groups- growth factors , growth factor receptors , signal transducers, and nuclear regulatory proteins ( transcription factors ). (britannica.com)
  • Cells use special proteins and checkpoint signaling systems to ensure that the cell cycle progresses properly. (britannica.com)
  • However, the cell cycle and its checkpoint systems can be sabotaged by defective proteins or genes that cause malignant transformation of the cell, which can lead to cancer . (britannica.com)
  • These proteins work as activators or repressors of growth-stimulating genes. (hightimes.com)
  • Exocytosis has vesicles that contain lipids and proteins combine with the cell membrane, which has the effect of increasing the overall size of the cell. (databasefootball.com)
  • Endocytosis serves the opposite function, removing proteins and lipids from the cell membrane and bringing them into the interior of the cell, decreasing the size of the cell membrane and the cell itself. (databasefootball.com)
  • There are different kinds of proteins associated with the cell membrane. (databasefootball.com)
  • Integral membrane proteins are those which are part of the membrane itself and are capable of passing through the membrane. (databasefootball.com)
  • The peripheral membrane proteins are only linked to the membrane through interactions with different proteins, they are exterior and not part of the membrane itself. (databasefootball.com)
  • Structural proteins enable our cells to maintain a constant shape and gives the cell support, much as the skeleton of an animal's body does. (databasefootball.com)
  • Receptor proteins are those which enable the cell to communicate with things in the environment, achieving this to the use of neurotransmitters and hormones. (databasefootball.com)
  • Glycoproteins are proteins that have a carbohydrate chain linked to them, and they assist cells in communicating with other cells and transporting molecules across the cell membrane. (databasefootball.com)
  • Transport proteins, as the name implies, are responsible for transporting molecules through the cell membranes and into the body of the cell through the process of facilitated diffusion. (databasefootball.com)
  • As opposed to the majority of extracellularly localized proteins, FGF2 is secreted from cells by direct protein translocation across the plasma membrane. (cas.cz)
  • The new adsorptive membrane combines the advantages of membrane chromatography with a high binding capacity for proteins comparable to that of conventional HIC resins. (biopharminternational.com)
  • Because of the generally high isoelectric points of MAbs, anion exchange (AEX) resins are typically used as a polishing step in a flow-through mode (i.e., the product does not bind while the trace impurities such as DNA, viruses, endotoxins, and host cell proteins are retained). (biopharminternational.com)
  • Such processes require membrane traffic to particular domains of the cell surface, in order to insert proteins at restricted regions of the membrane, to enlarge particular regions of the cell membrane, or to signal asymmetrically to neighboring cells. (sdbonline.org)
  • Neurons generate their polarity by directing membrane traffic to growing neurites and growth cones, and by sorting proteins differentially between the axon and dendrites. (sdbonline.org)
  • Within neurons, multiple pathways are known to transport proteins and transmitters to the cell surface. (sdbonline.org)
  • Two important pathways were examined in the current study: (1) a basic pathway of exocytosis that brings new proteins to the cell surface and permits the cell to grow, and (2) synaptic transmission, a specialized form of exocytosis, regulated by Ca 2+ entry, in which vesicles already present at synapses fuse with the membrane and recycle locally (Murthy, 2003). (sdbonline.org)
  • In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such as secretory processes, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, epithelial cell polarization and growth-factor induced formation of membrane ruffles. (novusbio.com)
  • Specifically, we investigate the membrane lipid biology of proteins as well as the functionality of ion channels and receptors. (stjude.org)
  • A membrane suitable for immobilizing peptides and proteins is disclosed. (justia.com)
  • The membrane is a flexible, polymeric, porous membrane which contains functional groups capable of covalently linking the peptides and proteins. (justia.com)
  • Cell line development is the process of creating stable cell lines for use in a variety of applications, including the creation of biologics (recombinant proteins and monoclonal antibodies), drug screening, and gene functional investigations. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
  • Rho proteins promote reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and regulate cell shape, attachment, and motility. (cancerindex.org)
  • DRAM2 overexpression also increased proteins CDK4, CyclinD3, and decreased p27 expression, all of which are cell cycle-related factors. (cancerindex.org)
  • What is now clear is that certain membrane lipids can function as messenger signals that regulate cell growth, proliferation, inflammation, and programmed cell death processes, while other membrane lipids appear to cluster together in bilayers to form microdomains that regulate the spatial distribution and lateral interactions of membrane proteins. (umn.edu)
  • Our research focuses on membrane lipids known as sphingolipids and on proteins that interact in non-enzymatic fashion with sphingolipids. (umn.edu)
  • Such proteins include sphingolipid transfer proteins that function as transporters to shuttle sphingolipids between intracellular membranes as well as lipid-binding domains (e.g. (umn.edu)
  • The findings have proven to be important for current understanding how the spatial organization of lipids in membranes can regulate proteins that translocate onto membranes to function. (umn.edu)
  • We have since focused our efforts on specific proteins that can bind and transfer sphingolipids between membrane surfaces and that may help formation and maintain 'raft' microdomains in cells. (umn.edu)
  • These sphingolipid transfer proteins were initially identified as glycolipid transfer proteins (GLTPs) due to their specificity for transferring glycosphingolipids between membranes. (umn.edu)
  • Cellular proteins and organelles are engulfed into a double-membrane vesicle to form an autophagosome. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an extensive network of membranes that folds, modifies, and transports proteins in eukaryotic cells. (cshlpress.com)
  • Contributors examine how proteins translocate across the ER membrane, the processes that occur inside the ER lumen (e.g., folding, glycosylation, and disulfide bond formation), and how the proteins are packaged into vesicles and transported to the Golgi. (cshlpress.com)
  • Nanoparticle s interacting with proteins, membranes, cells, DNA and organelles establish a series of nanoparticle /biological interfaces that depend on colloidal forces as well as dynamic biophysicochemical interactions. (cdc.gov)
  • The alpha granules contain hemostatic proteins such as fibrinogen, vWf, and growth factors (eg, platelet-derived growth factor and transforming growth factors). (medscape.com)
  • Integrins are key regulators of gene expression, cell proliferation and migration. (europa.eu)
  • These abnormalities overactivate a biochemical process that increases adrenal cell growth and division (proliferation), which promotes adenoma formation. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Finally, transcription factors within the nucleus must initiate the transcription of genes involved in cell proliferation. (britannica.com)
  • The present work introduces a computational implementation of some principles of a theory of organism development, namely that the default state of cells is proliferation and motility, and includes the principle of variation and organization by closure of constraints. (nature.com)
  • In the present model, the bioelectric context of cells and tissue is the field responsible for organization, as it regulates cell proliferation and the level of communication driving the system's evolution. (nature.com)
  • Starting from a depolarized (proliferative) cell, the organism grows to a certain size, limited by the increasingly polarized state after successive proliferation events. (nature.com)
  • Human amniotic membrane contains growth factors and cytokines, which promote epithelial cell migration and proliferation, stimulate metabolic processes leading to collagen synthesis, and attract fibroblasts, while also reducing pain and inflammation. (iasp-pain.org)
  • The members of the EGF family are best known for their ability to stimulate cell growth and proliferation and are important for many developmental processes including promoting mitogenesis and differentiation of mesenchymal and epithelial cells. (rndsystems.com)
  • The master kinase LKB1 is a key regulator of several cellular processes, including cell proliferation, cell polarity and cellular metabolism. (sdbonline.org)
  • Overexpression of this gene is associated with tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. (cancerindex.org)
  • Transwell migration, cell cycle analysis, MTT and colony formation assays were performed to determine the effect of DRAM2 overexpression and knockdown on NSCLC-cell migration and proliferation. (cancerindex.org)
  • Additionally, DRAM2 overexpression promoted cell metastasis and proliferation in vitro, while knockdown of DRAM2 expression yielded opposite result. (cancerindex.org)
  • Amino acids are essential for cellular homeostasis, growth and proliferation via their contribution to a diverse range of cellular processes. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • They function in a wide variety of cellular and physiologic processes including the assembly of signaling complexes, protein translation, cell growth and proliferation, APOPTOSIS, and MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR transport. (bvsalud.org)
  • In response to mito- pendence between the key mecha- gens, cell proliferation is triggered by nistic characteristics. (who.int)
  • H - Ras cell proliferation are also linked with haematopoietic cel s. (who.int)
  • A remarkable feature of lipid membranes is their fluidity, which allows them to self-heal, bend, and flow. (aps.org)
  • Integrin-regulated Rac binding sites are in lipid rafts (membrane domains enriched in cholesterol and glycosphingolipids). (europa.eu)
  • Another distinction that has been drawn contrasts the constitutive and the regulated pathways to distinguish the ongoing transport of protein and lipid to the cell surface from the ability to secrete hormones and transmitters in response to specific stimuli. (sdbonline.org)
  • The discovery of these membrane lipid functions underscores why cell membranes so often come under direct attack during cancer and infectious disease. (umn.edu)
  • Cell flow responses regulate diverse processes such as blood pressure, bone density, and neural growth. (aps.org)
  • Integrins regulate membrane targeting of Rac and Cdc42, also involved in oncogenesis. (europa.eu)
  • The cell membrane also helps regulate the growth of the cell, by controlling the processes of exocytosis and endocytosis . (databasefootball.com)
  • Our research elucidated sphingolipid structural features that regulate their interactions with other membrane lipids and provided insights into the unique physical features at the heart of the lateral organizing functionality of sphingolipid-enriched microdomains. (umn.edu)
  • For instance, in April 2020, CEVEC Pharmaceuticals GmbH announced the launch of the ELEVECTA platform, which will produce stable cell lines for AAV (Adeno-associated viral) vector for gene therapy. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
  • Ion exchange-based membrane chromatography has already proven to be a powerful alternative to polishing columns in flow-through mode for contaminant removal. (biopharminternational.com)
  • This article discusses a Sartobind phenyl membrane adsorber that has been developed for the manufacturing-scale production of biomolecules based on hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) principles. (biopharminternational.com)
  • Although downstream processing faces significant bottlenecks because of heavy reliance on traditional bead-based chromatography. (biopharminternational.com)
  • 2,3 For example, although Protein A chromatography has undergone great optimization for throughput in the past five years, the expected rise in cell culture titers, combined with the need for larger masses of antibodies, indicates a need for further improvement of the existing Protein A resin to accommodate the demand for high-throughput production. (biopharminternational.com)
  • 2,5 Among the novel technologies developed, membrane chromatography has a high potential, particularly for process-scale monoclonal antibody (MAb) purification. (biopharminternational.com)
  • In contrast, a disposable membrane chromatography device has a convective mode of mass transport, which allows operation at significantly higher linear flow-rates (shorter residence times) than columns. (biopharminternational.com)
  • As a result, disposable membrane chromatography device can have a much smaller volume than that of a conventional column when used in flow-through mode. (biopharminternational.com)
  • In addition to positively charged membranes, hydrophobic interaction membrane chromatography (HIC) has been described for the purification of a humanized MAb. (biopharminternational.com)
  • Adsorption, ion exchange and chromatography are sorption processes in which certain adsorbates are selectively transferred from the fluid phase to the surface of insoluble, rigid particles suspended in a vessel or packed in a column. (wikipedia.org)
  • The hydrophobic membrane adsorber is based on hydrophilic regenerated stabilized cellulose with hydrophobic phenyl groups covalently attached to the base matrix. (biopharminternational.com)
  • We use model membranes, microfluidics and microscopy to investigate how fundamental properties of supported membranes change when flow is applied to them. (aps.org)
  • Membranes circulate in response to flows in the water surrounding them, but cell membranes are reinforced by a cytoskeletal network of protein filaments which modifies their fluid properties, making their behavior complex and challenging to predict. (aps.org)
  • Amongst a multitude of other functions, the cytoskeletal network, prevalent in almost all eukaryotic cells, provides physical shape and structure to cells, aids in cell growth, and plays a key role in trafficking[ 1 ]. (biorxiv.org)
  • Many of the cytoskeletal sub-units have been highly conserved during evolution and are found in most eukaryotic cells, with homologues even present in some prokaryotes[ 3 ]. (biorxiv.org)
  • The cytoskeletal network along the edge of the infected cells was enhanced and could be involved in transporting and expelling the progeny virus particles. (cdc.gov)
  • 10 It is used to separate molecules based on their difference in hydrophobicity, and the technique has been presented as an efficient mode to remove dimers and high molecular weight (HMW) aggregates as a polishing step in a MAb purification process. (biopharminternational.com)
  • The identification, therefore, of the molecules required for directed membrane traffic will be important for understanding organismal development and cell-cell signaling (Murthy, 2004). (sdbonline.org)
  • Sphingolipids are not only abundant structural components of membranes, but also function as signaling molecules and mediate a wide spectrum of cellular functions, including cell growth, adhesion, migration, and death. (stjude.org)
  • The major theme will be devoted to describe and analyze the molecules of life, light microscopy, fine cell structure and function, cell membranes structure and function, cell division and staining procedures. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • Eukaryotic cells, including human cells, surround themselves with bilayer membranes, i.e. thin, flexible layers that are only two molecules thick. (umn.edu)
  • One of the most central nodes of plant function is the distribution of energy and redox via the molecules NADPH and NADH, because this connects both to growth and to the many systems that protect plants. (lu.se)
  • Yet among the large number of different molecules making up a membrane relatively little is known about which of them carry protective functions and how they work together. (lu.se)
  • Atoms and molecules excited with short intense laser pulses are ionized by single or multiphoton processes. (lu.se)
  • Transport of small molecules across membranes. (lu.se)
  • These interactions lead to the formation of protein coronas, particle wrapping, intracellular uptake and biocatalytic processes that could have biocompatible or bioadverse outcomes. (cdc.gov)
  • The molecular building blocks of bilayer membranes are specialized lipids that are polar and nonpolar at their opposite ends. (umn.edu)
  • Bilayer membranes also serve as internal partitions to enable formation of functionally-specialized compartments within cells. (umn.edu)
  • In addition, when platelets are activated, negatively charged phospholipids move from the inner to the outer leaflet of the membrane bilayer. (medscape.com)
  • 3M™ Zeta Plus™ ZB Series Filter Cartridges are optimized for clarification of pharmaceutical, biological, bioprocess and cosmetic fluids, in addition to, providing protection of downstream sterilizing grade membrane filters. (3m.com)
  • With a range of cartridge sizes, quality tested media and support documentation, Zeta Plus™ ZB Series Filter Cartridges are an ideal choice for many pharmaceutical and biological filtration processes. (3m.com)
  • This module provides an up to date understanding of how fundamental research in bacterial cell biology helps to elucidate central biological questions such as the control and regulation of cell division and of gene expression in bacteria. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • The objective being to give an overview of the methods used in the discovery of molecular mechanisms used by model bacteria and the application of this in understanding the basic processes involved in bacterial growth and development in terms of regulation and biological function. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Develop a biological knowledge base common to contemporary biologists, encompassing microscopy, cell structure, cellular membranes, and nucleic acids biology. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • A cell line is a permanently established cell culture that will multiply indefinitely given appropriate fresh medium and space and is frequently used to investigate biological processes in place of primary cells. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
  • Adsorption is present in many natural, physical, biological and chemical systems and is widely used in industrial applications such as heterogeneous catalysts , [8] [9] activated charcoal , capturing and using waste heat to provide cold water for air conditioning and other process requirements ( adsorption chillers ), synthetic resins , increasing storage capacity of carbide-derived carbons and water purification . (wikipedia.org)
  • GO Annotations consist of four mandatory components: a gene product, a term from one of the three Gene Ontology (GO) controlled vocabularies ( Molecular Function , Biological Process , and Cellular Component ), a reference, and an evidence code. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Click "Gene Ontology Details" to view all GO information and evidence for this locus as well as biological processes it shares with other genes. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Gradually, I changed methodologies, biochemical, molecular biological and physiological, and I have had the pleasure of being part of how plant respiration over time has proven to be involved in many fundamental life processes, developing a more integrated view of plant metabolism. (lu.se)
  • A second central issue lies in the functions of the biological membranes. (lu.se)
  • Aldosterone-producing adenomas are generally not inherited but arise from a mutation in the body's cells that occurs after conception. (medlineplus.gov)
  • It does this for both the external skin cells and the body's inner skin, the mucous membrane linings of the nose, eyes, intestinal tract, respiratory lining, and bladder. (healthy.net)
  • Also, they can clump together or agglomerate, which can affect their potential for settling in the lungs if inhaled, their ability to penetrate the body's membranes and consequently move from the lungs to other organs, and their interaction with cells and tissue. (cdc.gov)
  • The lecture sequence will comprise of a module introduction followed by lectures on specific aspects of bacterial cell biology. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • In his pioneering work, Jacques Loeb 3 considered that physicochemical biology completely and correctly explained the development of organisms and all participating processes. (nature.com)
  • The research in our laboratory centers on the molecular mechanisms underlying the membrane protein complexes that are critical in the field of neuroscience and cancer biology. (stjude.org)
  • Although our research is currently grounded in science at the molecular level, we are developing exciting projects focused on membrane biology at the cellular level. (stjude.org)
  • Define the basis of eukaryotic cell biology. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • This volume covers not only the biochemistry and cell biology of the ER, but also ER stress, metabolism, and the role of the ER in viral replication. (cshlpress.com)
  • In addition, this problem is by far the most acute for actin, the narrowest element of the cytoskeleton, which is ubiquitous throughout eukaryotic cells. (biorxiv.org)
  • We began to elucidate the importance of GLTPs for eukaryotic cells by using PCR approaches to clone GLTPs from various mammals as well as plants and fungi. (umn.edu)
  • Macroautophagy (thereafter designated as autophagy) is a self-digestive system conserved in all eukaryotic cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Environmental information processing (membrane transport, signal transduction, etc. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cell signaling in plant development usually involves a receptor (i.e. for a hormone or light molecule) and a signal transduction pathway, which concludes with a cellular response that is relevant to the plants development. (hightimes.com)
  • RACK1 depends on protein kinase C activity to translocate from the perinuclear region to the cell periphery and associates with the plasma membrane through interactions with KERATIN-1 and INTEGRIN BETA-1. (bvsalud.org)
  • The cell membrane also serves as an anchor point for the cytoskeleton of the cell in some organisms, and it attaches to the cell wall in plant cells. (databasefootball.com)
  • The actin cytoskeleton is essential in eukaryotes, not least in the plant kingdom where it plays key roles in cell expansion, cell division, environmental responses and pathogen defence. (biorxiv.org)
  • Formed from polymerisation of discrete protein sub-units, the cytoskeleton connects to various organelles (including the nucleus) and the plasma membrane. (biorxiv.org)
  • This modular nature of the cytoskeleton allows it to be dynamic, adapting as necessary to environmental changes relayed via a host of signalling processes[ 2 ]. (biorxiv.org)
  • Sphingolipids are one of the major membrane lipids in mammalian cells. (stjude.org)
  • Although they are present in almost all mammalian cells, their existence in plants is still hotly debated[ 11 ]. (biorxiv.org)
  • The exocyst, like SNARE complexes, may be needed for all fusions at the plasma membrane both in developing and mature neurons, or it may be required only for particular forms of traffic (Murthy, 2003 and references therein). (sdbonline.org)
  • This protein is required for many aspects of membrane traffic within neurons, including the elaboration of neurites, but the release of neurotransmitter at the synapse is independent of this exocyst component (Murthy, 2003). (sdbonline.org)
  • Using embryonic chicken sensory neurons, we report that glycolytic enzymes are found through the axon and the growth cone. (jneurosci.org)
  • Electrically active and morphologically complex cells, such as neurons, require large amounts of ATP formaintenance of their physiology. (jneurosci.org)
  • To uncover the role of iGluR-like channels in plant root growth, we used a comprehensive set of compounds known to alter iGluR channels in the neurons. (intechopen.com)
  • To study the interaction of neurons with CNS glial cells, dissociated sympathetic or sensory ganglion cells or fetal retinal cells were plated onto cultures of dissociated optic nerve glial cells of young rats. (nih.gov)
  • Isolated myelin from adult rat spinal cord was adsorbed to polylysine-coated culture dishes and tested as a substrate for peripheral neurons, neuroblastoma cells, or 3T3 cells. (nih.gov)
  • A dominant-negative form of ErbB-2 blocks Sema4D-induced RhoA activation as well as axonal growth cone collapse in primary hippocampal neurons. (rupress.org)
  • It helps the cells differentiate normally (progress from less to more mature cell forms) and gives them their structural integrity. (healthy.net)
  • By moisturizing the mucous lining cells, which helps proper secretion, and by maintaining their structural integrity, vitamin A helps the body fight off infectious agents and environmental pollutants. (healthy.net)
  • In some cases, the exocytotic vesicles derive from the Golgi apparatus and consist of newly synthesized materials, while in others the vesicles derive from the plasma membrane and cycle locally. (sdbonline.org)
  • Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. (novusbio.com)
  • In plants, microtubules retain a role in cell division but also guide cell wall development through their relationship with wall-building enzyme complexes in the plasma membrane[ 9 ]. (biorxiv.org)
  • LKB1 itself is a constitutively active kinase, which is regulated by posttranslational modifications and direct binding to phospholipids of the plasma membrane. (sdbonline.org)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is prenylated at its C-terminus, and localizes to the cytoplasm and plasma membrane. (cancerindex.org)
  • The transport of serum amino acids into cells is an active process that is facilitated by plasma membrane-localized amino acid transporters. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The surface form of the cells at advanced infection displayed prolific pseudopodia that, in addition to the rest of the plasma membrane, were also active sites of virus release. (cdc.gov)
  • The final expulsion step of the maturing virus particles seemed to result in some disruptions to the plasma membrane. (cdc.gov)
  • SARS-CoV grows well in Vero E6 cells ( 1 , 2 , 10 ) and enters cells by direct fusion of the virus envelope with the plasma membrane ( 11 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The chapters leading up to the papers give a broader background and an introduction to the field and include nanowires and their synthesis, semiconductor properties, solar cell operational principles, light interaction with a nanowire array, and optical characterization of such arrays. (lu.se)
  • Other reports have described double-membrane vesicles as sites of replication for coronavirus (Linder strain) ( 13 ), mouse hepatitis virus ( 14 ), and SARS virus ( 15 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The composite membrane retains the porosity of the porous polymeric membrane. (justia.com)
  • It is a collection of manually drawn KEGG pathway maps representing experimental knowledge on metabolism and various other functions of the cell and the organism. (wikipedia.org)
  • The pathway maps are classified into the following sections: Metabolism Genetic information processing (transcription, translation, replication and repair, etc. (wikipedia.org)
  • These data indicate that the glycolytic pathway is operative in distal axons and contributes to the rate of axon extension and growth cone dynamics in the presence of NGF and that, in the absence of NGF, the axonal glycolytic pathway is required for axon maintenance. (jneurosci.org)
  • The sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway begins in the endoplasmic reticulum, where membrane enzyme complexes catalyze the first step of the process. (stjude.org)
  • A recent study has identified the molecular pathway that, when activated, prompts hair growth from dormant hair follicles and, when blocked, prevents the growth of unwanted hair. (medicaldaily.com)
  • We show that maximal growth is achieved when pathway activation is a more or less steeply graded function of the nutrient concentration. (lu.se)
  • Zeta Plus™ ZB Series Filter Cartridges can protect downstream membranes, thereby extending filter life and reducing overall filtration costs. (3m.com)
  • It represents a new tool for downstream processing, applicable for both bind-and-elute and flow-through operations. (biopharminternational.com)
  • 1 This trend poses a challenge for the industry-to develop and scale-up downstream purification processes capable of purifying multiple kilograms per batch. (biopharminternational.com)
  • 11 Sartobind ion exchange capsules, for example, have been successfully implemented in various downstream processes for the removal of negatively charged contaminants. (biopharminternational.com)
  • 12-15 It is well documented in the literature that AEX membrane adsorbers are a powerful alternative to columns and can facilitate the development of new purification strategies for downstream processing. (biopharminternational.com)
  • Our data indicate that ErbB-2 is an important component of the plexin-B receptor system and that ErbB-2-mediated phosphorylation of plexin-B1 is critically involved in Sema4D-induced RhoA activation, which underlies cellular phenomena downstream of plexin-B1, including axonal growth cone collapse. (rupress.org)
  • A role for the complex in mammalian synapse formation and neurite outgrowth has been suggested by the early presence of Sec6/Sec8 immunoreactivity at sites of synaptogenesis in culture (Hazuka, 1999) and the impairment of neurite outgrowth with dominant-negative forms of sec10 and sec8 in PC12 cells (Vega, 2001). (sdbonline.org)
  • These membrane whorls are postulated to be replication complexes for the virus since they appear very early (within 30 minutes) after infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Mutations in the KCNJ5 , CACNA1D , or ATP1A1 gene lead to abnormal electrical charges across cell membranes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Phenotype annotations for a gene are curated single mutant phenotypes that require an observable (e.g., "cell shape"), a qualifier (e.g., "abnormal"), a mutant type (e.g., null), strain background, and a reference. (yeastgenome.org)
  • With a minimalist model of metabolism, cell growth and transcriptional regulation in a microorganism, we explore how the interaction between environmental conditions and gene regulation set the growth rate of cells in the phase of exponential growth. (lu.se)
  • A very natural place to study gene detecting and metabolizing lactose, it is known that the overall regulation is in the metabolism of the cell, and then specifically in effect of expressing the lac genes in vain is a drop in the growth rate the regulation of genes that code for enzymes and transporter of as much as 5% [1,6]. (lu.se)
  • A number of studies have explored how regulation of generally, and at least to a first approximation, it is obvious that metabolic pathways affects the growth rate of microorganisms, gene regulation only is useful if the environmental conditions vary both in the steady state and in response to changes in the local with time. (lu.se)
  • Critical step in tissue engineering is fabrication of three dimensional scaffolds which mimic the extracellular matrix of tissues and promote tissue regeneration process. (amrita.edu)
  • However, both classes have the same goal of killing or preventing the growth of microorganisms, and both are included in antimicrobial chemotherapy . (wikipedia.org)
  • The term antibiotic was first used in 1942 by Selman Waksman and his collaborators in journal articles to describe any substance produced by a microorganism that is antagonistic to the growth of other microorganisms in high dilution. (wikipedia.org)
  • The process of applying an antiseptic hand-rub product to all surfaces of the hands to reduce the number of microorganisms present. (cdc.gov)
  • These intradermal epithelial structures, such as sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and hair follicles, are lined with epithelial cells with the potential for division and differentiation. (medscape.com)
  • The cell cycle and cellular differentiation in bacteria. (lu.se)
  • This objective integrates into a bigger project that also aims to identify molecular mechanisms by which caveolin regulates anchorage-dependent signalling pathways and cell cycle progression and to identify oncogenes that induce constitutive surface localization of rafts (and hence Rac), and/or changes in phosphocaveolin localization. (europa.eu)
  • Subsequently, further distinctions in trafficking pathways have been invoked to explain different forms of regulation and fusion at different domains of the cell. (sdbonline.org)
  • Also, NADPH and NADH are central components in the cytosolic metabolic pathways, which connect the two largest biochemical processes on earth, photosynthesis and respiration in plants. (lu.se)
  • Several lines of evidence suggest membrane-inserted FGF2 oligomers to represent key intermediates of this process forming lipidic membrane pores. (cas.cz)
  • In fact, several studies have shown that T2D induces senescence in multiple types of cells, including fibroblasts and endothelial cells ( 11 , 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Responsible for the proteolytical release of soluble JAM3 from endothelial cells surface. (abcam.com)
  • The hemostatic system consists of platelets, coagulation factors, and the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels. (medscape.com)
  • OpenSPIM is an Open Access platform for Selective Plane Illumination Microscopy (SPIM) and allows hundreds of laboratories around the world to generate and process light-sheet data in a cost-effective way due to open-source hardware and software. (mpi-cbg.de)
  • Electron microscopy demonstrated that the CAL 27 cells treated with GEF under AAS culture conditions exhibited swelling of the cytosol and organelles with an increased number of autophagosomes and autolysosomes, but without chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Scanning electron and atomic force microscopy was used for the first time to view the maturation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus at the cell surface. (cdc.gov)
  • The genes known to be involved in aldosterone-producing adenomas have roles in balancing the amounts of positively charged atoms (ions) of sodium (Na + ), potassium (K + ), and calcium (Ca 2+ ) in cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • When a repressor is present, it stops the formation of growth-stimulating genes, in parallel activators start the transcription of growth-stimulating genes. (hightimes.com)
  • This allows the "car" to drive ahead and create growth-stimulating genes. (hightimes.com)
  • When growth stimulating genes are activated, cells begin to grow and increase in size. (hightimes.com)
  • Here, the function of regulation is quite clear: expressing energy and carbon, that a number around 0.2% would be the right genes at the right time will enable the cell to make the expected, and that the difference is more or less specific to the lac most of the resources within its reach, by maximizing the uptake operon [7]. (lu.se)
  • Further, we analyse what role that the cellular changes to the plant, and the plant genes doing it, have for the ability of plants to be promoted by growth- and protection-promoting fungi. (lu.se)
  • In contrast, differentiated oligodendrocytes (O4+, A2B5-, GalC+) represented a nonpermissive substrate for neuronal adhesion and neurite growth. (nih.gov)
  • This simplified model of embryogenesis, tissue organization and carcinogenesis, based on non-excitable cells' bioelectric properties, can be made more realistic with the introduction of other components, like biochemical fields and mechanical interactions, which are fundamental for a more faithful representation of reality. (nature.com)
  • Under physiological circumstances, the resistance of the endothelial cell lining to interactions with platelets and coagulation factors prevents thrombosis. (medscape.com)
  • The fusion process involving the S glycoprotein is pH independent ( 12 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Platelets play a primary role in this process, interacting with subendothelium-bound von Willebrand factor (vWf) via the membrane glycoprotein (GP) Ib complex. (medscape.com)
  • cell cycle , the ordered sequence of events that occur in a cell in preparation for cell division . (britannica.com)
  • For a stimulatory signal to reach the nucleus and "turn on" cell division, four main steps must occur. (britannica.com)
  • Presently, all membrane trafficking steps are thought to possess a similar underlying mechanism for membrane fusion, and yet clear distinctions in these trafficking steps must also occur. (sdbonline.org)
  • Identify the different processes and stages that occur during animal development. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • Carbon nanotube exposures can potentially occur not only in the process of manufacturing them, but also at the point of incorporating these materials into polymer composites, medical nanoapplications, and electronics. (cdc.gov)
  • By this function, it also helps protect these areas from cancer cell development. (healthy.net)
  • The major theme will be devoted to describe and analyze the plant ecological adaptations, plant growth and anatomy, Animal dissection, structure and function of tissues, plants and animals diversity. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • Yet, the precise structure-function relationships of properties of the actin network in plants are still to be unravelled, including details of how the network configuration depends upon cell type, tissue type and developmental stage. (biorxiv.org)
  • Taken together, these results suggest a correlation between the putative iGluR-like channel function and the alteration of root growth and development in the Arabidopsis roots. (intechopen.com)
  • Although the LAT family plays important roles in the development and function of normal tissues, they are frequently increased in cancer cells ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The structure and function of prokaryotic cells. (lu.se)
  • R&D Systems offers a wide selection of tools to Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Family members and their EGF R/ErbB receptors. (rndsystems.com)
  • Glioblastoma (GBM), a very aggressive and incurable tumor, often results from constitutive activation of EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) and of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). (sdbonline.org)
  • Since epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, including gefitinib (GEF) have been reported to induce the apoptosis of several cancer cell lines, in the present study, we examined whether the cytotoxic effects of GEF are further enhanced under amino acid starvation (AAS) culture conditions. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Epidermal appendages serve an important role as a source of epithelial cells, which accomplish re-epithelialization when the overlying epithelium is removed or destroyed in cases such as partial-thickness burns, abrasions, or split-thickness skin graft harvesting. (medscape.com)
  • A composite, porous membrane is formed from a porous polymer membrane having desired bulk properties on which is directly coated a cell attachment and/or growth promoting composition and a cross-linked polymer having desired surface properties. (justia.com)
  • We will use state-of-the art single molecule techniques and expect to gain insight into the molecular mechanism of FGF2 membrane translocation at an unprecedented level of detail. (cas.cz)
  • Protein translocation across membranes. (lu.se)
  • Third, this activation must stimulate a signal to be transmitted, or transduced, from the receptor at the cell surface to the nucleus within the cell. (britannica.com)
  • James Miller introduced the living systems theory 4 , where each system must include a number of critical subsystems, dealing with their structure, interaction, behavior and development, that can be applied from simple cells to full organisms. (nature.com)
  • It will also provide an introduction into how understanding basic cellular processes can be used to understand the mechanisms by which antibiotics specifically inhibit certain bacteria and permit the identification of new targets for the development of novel antibiotics. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Mechanisms regulating cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest are of great interest partly because reversing this process could provide a way to stimulate cardiac regeneration after injury [ 17 ]. (springer.com)
  • Cells use a number of mechanisms to sense and maintain their homeostatic levels. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • If DNA damage or abnormalities in spindle formation are detected at these checkpoints, the cell is forced to undergo programmed cell death, or apoptosis . (britannica.com)
  • For example, mutations in a protein called p53 , which normally detects abnormalities in DNA at the G1 checkpoint, can enable cancer-causing mutations to bypass this checkpoint and allow the cell to escape apoptosis. (britannica.com)
  • In particular, the alteration occurs in adrenal gland cells that give rise to the tumor. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2) is a cell survival factor mediating tumor-induced angiogenesis. (cas.cz)
  • After assembly, the virus progeny particles are transported in vesicles to the cell periphery for release. (cdc.gov)
  • Directed membrane traffic is essential for many developmental processes, including cell growth, cytokinesis and signaling between cells. (sdbonline.org)
  • The exocyst complex marks these areas of membrane addition, localizing to the bud tip of a growing daughter cell and the bud neck at the time of cytokinesis. (sdbonline.org)
  • Age-related and metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) represent a source of cellular stress due to their disruptive effect on normal physiological processes and, therefore, can induce premature senescence ( 10 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Glycolipids are found on the surface of the cell membrane, and they have carbohydrate sugars attached to them. (databasefootball.com)
  • While the bud is growing, there is almost no increase in the surface area of the mother cell, indicating that all membrane addition occurs at the bud tip. (sdbonline.org)
  • This process takes place during the meat's packaging, when the ingredient is spread across the meat's surface during vacuum sealing. (nutritionaloutlook.com)
  • The functional groups can be provided by reacting the membrane itself or a coating thereon with nucleophiles which provide --NH.sub.2, --SH, --OH or --COOH functionality to the membrane surface. (justia.com)
  • [2] This process creates a film of the adsorbate on the surface of the adsorbent . (wikipedia.org)
  • The aim of this study was to use scanning electron and atomic force microscopes to investigate changes in the surface topography of SARS-CoV-infected cells at late infection. (cdc.gov)
  • a device to monitor the sterilization process that consists of a standardized population bacterial spores known to be resistant to the mode of sterilization being monitored. (cdc.gov)
  • Alteration of these processes is central to tumourigenesis. (europa.eu)
  • Plant hormones are natural to the plant kingdom and similarly to animal hormones, play major roles in a plants growth and development. (hightimes.com)
  • In animals and fungi, they play a number of roles including aiding in the formation of flagella or cilia[ 7 ], providing structures for material transport, and positioning of the mitotic spindle during cell division[ 8 ]. (biorxiv.org)
  • The flow of these ions creates an electrical charge across the cell membrane, which affects certain biochemical processes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Overactivation of this biochemical process also increases aldosterone production, resulting in hyperaldosteronism and leading to hypertension. (medlineplus.gov)
  • During the fermentation process in pervaporation membrane bioreactor, the convenient permeate substances separation in situ improved the ability of cell growth and metabolism obviously. (confex.com)
  • These studies will contribute to a better understanding of adhesion-dependent signalling and anchorage-dependence of cell growth, and therefore to the pathogenesis of the malignant disease. (europa.eu)
  • differentiated oligodendrocytes were nonpermissive for cell adhesion, neurite growth, or fibroblast spreading. (nih.gov)
  • General physicochemical properties of myelin were not responsible for this effect, since myelin from rat sciatic nerves favored neuron adhesion and neurite growth as well as spreading of 3T3 cells. (nih.gov)