Membrane and vesicles. Medical search. Frequent questions

These vesicles are involved in trafficking bacterial cell signaling biochemicals, which may include DNA, RNA, proteins, endotoxins and allied virulence molecules. (wikipedia.org)
Alternatively, it has been suggested that few proteins 'rivet' the outer and cell membranes together, so that the periplasmic bulge protrudes like a 'ballooned' pocket of inflated periplasm out from the surface of the outer membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Introduction The plasma membrane is usually a highly dynamic Fonadelpar environment, which constantly exchanges lipids and proteins with intracellular compartments through exocytic and endocytic processes. (fabretp.org)
Results T cell activation promotes T cell receptor complex subunit (TCR) but not Lck internalization Internalization of T cell receptors and associated signaling proteins has been measured predominantly Fonadelpar by flow cytometry, which involves bulk measurements and provides no access to the dynamics of vesicle generation or movement. (fabretp.org)
CAPS function in dense core vesicle docking parallels UNC-13 in synaptic vesicle docking, which suggests that these related proteins act similarly to promote docking of independent vesicle populations. (rupress.org)
To solve this problem, the cell membrane contains proteins that are selective for unique, water soluble molecules. (wikibooks.org)
However, some membrane alterations have been described in G6PD deficient red blood cells, such as the oxidation and clustering of membrane proteins, the binding of hemichromes to the internal face of the membrane, the destabilization of the membrane and the release of micro-vesicles [6]. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)
Prenylation, the covalent binding of farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) moieties to proteins, is a crucial post-translational modification for the regulation of protein localization on cell membranes and, in turn, for key cellular processes. (nature.com)
Furthermore, cell-derived membrane vesicles are regarded as nano- to micrometer-sized containers comprising components such as cellular proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, for the reason that cell plasma or cytosol membranes can enclose these contents while membrane vesicles are secreted [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Conventional methods for determination of EVs include direct detection via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and detection of their membrane proteins via western blotting. (exosome-rna.com)
This study is the first to quantify CD63 immobilized on EVs via CEIA-LIF, which is a novel method with the potential to determine membrane proteins localized on the surface of EVs. (exosome-rna.com)
Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. (jove.com)
The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. (jove.com)
Coat proteins can help sort the cargo and assemble on the donor membrane to initiate vesicle formation. (jove.com)
The COPI and COPII coat proteins share similar structural features with Clathrin but differ in cargo sorting and vesicle formation mechanisms. (jove.com)
Cell-derived membrane vesicles (CMVs) are endogenous carriers transporting proteins and nucleic acids between cells. (ox.ac.uk)
The lipids, proteins, mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) delivered by these vesicles change the phenotype of the receiving cells. (ox.ac.uk)
The results showed that some proteins existing in the Aeromonas biofilms have amino acid sequences homologous to functional proteins present in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. (elsevierpure.com)
It is known that Gram-negative bacteria often release extracellular membrane vesicles from the outer membrane, so we think that the outer membrane-derived proteins found in the Aeromonas biofilms may be derived from such membrane vesicles. (elsevierpure.com)
Exosomes are released in vitro by various kinds of cells including tumor cell lines [4] and antigen showing cells [1 14 These membrane vesicles possess a different PD0325901 spectral range of proteins weighed against plasma membranes PD0325901 and so are enriched in substances involved with antigen demonstration and proteins included possibly in cell focusing on. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)
Diffusion of lipids and GPI-anchored proteins in actin-free plasma membrane vesicles measured by STED-FCS. (ox.ac.uk)
Here we use superresolution STED microscopy combined with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (STED-FCS) to access and compare the diffusion characteristics of fluorescent lipid analogues and GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) in the live-cell plasma membrane and in actin cytoskeleton-free, cell-derived giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs). (ox.ac.uk)
Transport vesicles can move molecules between locations inside the cell, e.g., proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus . (wikipedia.org)
Membrane-bound and secreted proteins are made on ribosomes found in the rough endoplasmic reticulum . (wikipedia.org)
These proteins travel within the cell inside of transport vesicles. (wikipedia.org)
which moves proteins and other molecules within cells in sac-like structures called vesicles. (medlineplus.gov)
These toxins inhibit the release of neurotransmitters at the neuromuscular junction by cleaving soluble NSF attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex proteins in nerve cells, which prevents the fusion of neurotransmitter containing vesicles to cell membranes 2 . (cdc.gov)
Sometimes various globular proteins embedded in the matrix function as receptors and help transport molecules across the membrane. (msdmanuals.com)
The stabilisation mechanism can be described as a combined effect of surface-active molecules, mainly membrane proteins but also membrane lipids, exposed on surfaces of thylakoid membrane vesicles adsorbed as particles. (lu.se)

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are vesicles released from the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
OMVs were the first MVs to be discovered, and are distinguished from outer inner membrane vesicles (OIMVS), which are gram-negative baterial vesicles containing portions of both the outer and inner bacterial membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Outer membrane vesicles were first discovered and characterized using transmission-electron microscopy by Indian Scientist Prof. Smriti Narayan Chatterjee and J. Das in 1966-67. (wikipedia.org)
Surrounding this inner cell membrane there is a second bilayer called the bacterial outer membrane. (wikipedia.org)
The first step in biogenesis of gram-negative bacterial OMVs, is bulging of outer membrane above the peptidoglycan layer. (wikipedia.org)
Accumulation of phospholipids in the outside of the outer membrane is thought to be the basis of this outwards bulging of the outer membrane. (wikipedia.org)
The actual release of the vesicle from the outer membrane remains unclear. (wikipedia.org)
Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMV) are receiving great attention as vaccine platforms. (mdpi.com)
Outer membrane and membrane vesicles (OMV/MV) are released from bacteria and participate in cell communication, biofilm formation and host-pathogen interactions. (open.ac.uk)
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are released by commensal as well as pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria. (uu.nl)
As outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) has been reported to be important for the infection of several bacteria species, the present study established a zebrafish infection model for studies of P. salmonis and the role of the bacterium's OMVs during infection. (edu.au)
Here we present a new vaccine consisting of glycoengineered outer membrane vesicles (geOMVs). (wustl.edu)
Scientists have described the utility of gram-negative bacteria-derived outer membrane vesicles as vaccines and methods to expand their applications. (news-medical.net)
This result suggests that outer membrane components may affect the biofilm formation of Aeromonas strains. (elsevierpure.com)
To examine this idea, we next investigated the ability of Aeromonas strains to form outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). (elsevierpure.com)
coli membranes and to release, at sub-lethal concentrations, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). (uu.nl)
A large increase in lysophospholipid content was observed in heat-induced OMVs, which was at least partially due to the activity of the outer-membrane phospholipase A (OMPLA). (uu.nl)
Cargo is recruited, enveloped at the inner nuclear membrane (INM), and delivered by membrane fusion at the outer nuclear membrane. (princeton.edu)
Both inner and outer vesicles were made tense by use of the optical tweezers. (weizmann.ac.il)
The outer vesicle is a double one, and the pore that opens is a neck. (weizmann.ac.il)
Expulsion by "peeling" of the two vesicle comprising the outer package of movie #2. (weizmann.ac.il)

The P. salmonis derived vesicles were, shown to be internalized by cell cultures and OMVs injected into adult zebrafish revealed an upregulation of several pro-inflammatory genes, indicating a modulating effect on the immune system. (edu.au)

PADs also play major roles in the regulation of eukaryotic extracellular vesicle release. (open.ac.uk)
A vesicle released from the cell is known as an extracellular vesicle . (wikipedia.org)
Agricultur al dust derived bacterial extracellular vesicle mediated inflammation is attenuated by DHA. (cdc.gov)

MVs of E. faecalis are specifically enriched in unsaturated lipids that might provide membrane flexibility to enable MV formation, providing the first insights into the mechanism of MV formation in this Gram-positive organism. (biorxiv.org)

The lipid bilayer of cell membranes is impermeable to large and polar molecules but permeable to water molecules and other small uncharged molecules like O 2 and CO 2 . (wikibooks.org)
The availability of free energy is one of the factors that determine if a molecule will move across a membrane, the other being the permeability of the molecule in the lipid bilayer. (wikibooks.org)
As membrane vesicles have a general characteristic, they contain a lipid bilayer structure that can package hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds. (encyclopedia.pub)
The lipid bilayer surrounding a cytoplasmic vesicle. (planteome.org)
In cell biology , a vesicle is a structure within or outside a cell , consisting of liquid or cytoplasm enclosed by a lipid bilayer . (wikipedia.org)

Link to all annotated objects annotated to cytoplasmic vesicle membrane. (planteome.org)
Link to all direct and indirect annotations to cytoplasmic vesicle membrane. (planteome.org)

Here we show that E. faecalis releases MVs that possess unique lipid and protein profiles, distinct from the intact cell membrane, and are enriched in lipoproteins. (biorxiv.org)
The membrane organizing protein Rabbit Polyclonal to VAV1 flotillins have been reported to define Fonadelpar a clathrin-independent endocytic route22,23 and support the recycling of cell surface proteins24C26. (fabretp.org)
We have found that the calcium-activated protein for secretion (CAPS) protein is required for dense core vesicle docking but not synaptic vesicle docking. (rupress.org)
There are two types of phospholipid-membrane-based nanovesicles: pure lipid and/or protein vesicles and comparatively complex cell-membrane-derived vesicles (also called extracellular vesicles (EVs)) [ 1 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Natural or synthetic lipid and/or protein ingredients make nanovesicles, involving liposomes or proteoliposomes, an ideal model of the membrane system with the advantages of an easy and low-cost production [ 2 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
In this study, researchers from Okayama University developed a method to determine the EV membrane protein, CD63, by coupling capillary electrophoresis immunoassay with laser-induced fluorescence (CEIA-LIF). (exosome-rna.com)
Based on the type of protein coats, these vesicles can be of three types: coat protein or COP-coated vesicles, COPI and COPII, and clathrin-coated vesicles. (jove.com)
COPI and COPII vesicles are composed of similar coat protein complexes called coatomers. (jove.com)
Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50-100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. (jove.com)
Cellular electron cryo-tomography revealed a protein layer showing two distinct hexagonal lattices at its membrane-proximal and membrane-distant faces, respectively. (princeton.edu)
The Rab23 protein transports vesicles from the cell membrane to their proper location inside the cell. (medlineplus.gov)
Nearly all cells secrete membrane-bound vesicles (extracellular vesicles, EVs) that have the capacity to transmit protein, nucleic acid, and lipid signaling mediators between cells. (cdc.gov)
Subcellular fractionation and Western blot disclose that stimulation with LL-37 (8 μM) for 2 h triggers release of the mitochondrial protein apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) to the cytosol, whereas LL-37 causes no release of cytochrome C oxidase subunit IV of the inner mitochondrial membrane, suggesting that LL-37 affects mitochondrial membrane. (lu.se)

There exists an exchange of molecules and ions in and out of the cell wall, as well as in and out of membrane-bounded intracellular compartments such as the nucleus, ER, and mitrochondria. (wikibooks.org)
When ΔG is positive the transport is active, an input of energy is needed to move a molecule up a concentration gradient, contrary to ΔG being negative the transport is passive, which means that such molecules will pass through a membrane down their own gradient, simple diffusion. (wikibooks.org)
Diffusion is the process by which molecules migrate over the cell membrane from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. (wikibooks.org)
COPI vesicles transport molecules between different parts of the Golgi body and from the Golgi back to the rough ER. (jove.com)
Diffusion and interaction dynamics of molecules at the plasma membrane play an important role in cellular signaling and are suggested to be strongly associated with the actin cytoskeleton. (ox.ac.uk)
Our data underline the crucial role of the actin cortex in maintaining hindered diffusion modes of many but not all of the membrane molecules and highlight a powerful experimental approach to decipher specific influences on molecular plasma membrane dynamics. (ox.ac.uk)
The media of mitochondria treated with LL-37 (8 μM) for 2 h contained 50% more AIF and three times more cytochrome C than that of control mitochondria, showing that LL-37 promotes release of both AIF and cytochrome C. Moreover, in vesicles reflecting mitochondrial membrane lipid composition, LL-37 stimulates membrane permeabilization and release of tracer molecules. (lu.se)
Cell membranes are biologic barriers that selectively inhibit passage of drug molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
Small molecules tend to penetrate membranes more rapidly than larger ones. (msdmanuals.com)

COPII vesicles are formed in the ER membranes and mediate transport from ER to the Golgi. (jove.com)
Cytoplasmic, virus-induced double-membrane structures, derived from ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM or GOLGI APPARATUS, that house the replication and transcription enzyme complexes of NIDOVIRALES and PICORNAVIRIDAE. (bvsalud.org)

The compartment or space between these two membranes is called the periplasm or periplasmic space. (wikipedia.org)

Central to the two-way relationship between the plasma membrane and intracellular compartments is usually endocytic recycling1. (fabretp.org)
Targeted endocytic recycling to functionally distinct areas of the plasma membrane is one of the main mechanisms through which polarized cells generate and maintain a spatially distinct distribution of membrane proteins2,3. (fabretp.org)
In contrast to clathrin-coated vesicles, which dissociate after cargo delivery to intracellular compartments, flotillins were incorporated at the level of the plasma membrane within the vesicles, building-up the TCR endocytic network. (fabretp.org)

Commentary on "Adhesion and membrane tension of single vesicles and living cells using a micropipette-based technique" by M.-J. Colbert et al. (umass.edu)

Exosomes are cell-derived vesicles that are present in many and perhaps all biological fluids, including blood, urine, and cultured medium of cell cultures. (exosome-rna.com)
Microvesicles and exosomes: opportunities for cell-derived membrane vesicles in drug delivery. (ox.ac.uk)
CMVs encompass a variety of submicron vesicular structures that include exosomes and shedding vesicles. (ox.ac.uk)
Objectives Exosomes a kind of membrane vesicles released from tumor cells have already been been shown to be with the capacity of transferring tumor antigens to dendritic cells and activating particular cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)

Types of Membrane Vesicles Acting as Tumor Vaccines" Encyclopedia , https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36345 (accessed November 30, 2023). (encyclopedia.pub)
Academic institutions and industrial companies are putting in effort to design, modify and apply membrane vesicles as potential tumor vaccines contributing to tumor immunotherapy. (encyclopedia.pub)

How do neurons differentially regulate synaptic vesicle and dense core vesicle release? (rupress.org)

While Gram-positive bacteria release vesicles as well those vesicles fall under the broader category of bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs). (wikipedia.org)
Bacterial membrane vesicles dispersion along the cell surface was measured in live Escherichia coli, commensal bacteria common in the human gut. (wikipedia.org)
Membrane vesicles (MVs) contribute to various biological processes in bacteria, including virulence factor delivery, host immune evasion, and cross-species communication. (biorxiv.org)
OMV produced by bacteria, genetically modified to increase their spontaneous release, simplifying their production, are also known as Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA). (mdpi.com)
Furthermore, bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs), a type of cell-membrane-based EVs, which are derived from bacteria membrane architecture, own nanoscale vesicle structures containing biomembrane elements of phospholipids. (encyclopedia.pub)

It is likely that vesicle structures can be released spontaneously. (wikipedia.org)

In addition to synaptic vesicles, neurons also contain secretory vesicles, called dense core vesicles, that release neuropeptides and catecholamines ( Burgoyne and Morgan, 2003 ). (rupress.org)
Secretory vesicles contain materials that are to be excreted from the cell. (wikipedia.org)
These chemicals are stored in secretory vesicles and released when needed. (wikipedia.org)

Membrane vesicles fuse with the target cell membrane, or they bind to the receptors on the cell surface, to transfer special effects. (encyclopedia.pub)
[1] The membrane enclosing the vesicle is also a lamellar phase , similar to that of the plasma membrane , and intracellular vesicles can fuse with the plasma membrane to release their contents outside the cell. (wikipedia.org)
Vesicles can also fuse with other organelles within the cell. (wikipedia.org)
They fuse with the membrane of the damaged organelle, digesting it. (wikipedia.org)
Above 26 °C vesicles spontaneously fuse and the rate increases with increasing temperature. (lu.se)

Vesicles form naturally during the processes of secretion ( exocytosis ), uptake ( endocytosis ), and the transport of materials within the plasma membrane . (wikipedia.org)

Electron micrographs showed thylakoids adsorbed as bunched vesicles on the drop surfaces. (lu.se)

Human amniotic membrane and amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hAMSCs) have produced promising results in regenerative medicine, especially for the treatment of inflammatory-based diseases and for different injuries including those in the orthopedic field such as tendon disorders. (mdpi.com)

Hindered diffusion of phospholipids and sphingolipids is abolished in the GPMVs, whereas transient nanodomain incorporation of ganglioside lipid GM1 is apparent in both the live-cell membrane and GPMVs. (ox.ac.uk)

An inner bilayer, the inner cell membrane, encloses the cytoplasm or cytosol. (wikipedia.org)
Because it is separated from the cytosol , the inside of the vesicle can be made to be different from the cytosolic environment. (wikipedia.org)

Osmosis is very important in biological systems because many membranes are semipermeable. (wikibooks.org)
Tween ® 80 and sodium deoxycholate, on (i) the physical, mechanical, and biological properties of ultradeformable vesicles, and (ii) the administration of naproxen sodium-loaded multidrug ultradeformable vesicles for the transdermal route in order to obtain therapeutically meaningful drug concentrations in the target tissues and to potentiate its anti-inflammatory effect by association with the antioxidant drug idebenone. (mdpi.com)
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) exist in biological fluids such as blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid, and these have shown promise for use as biomarkers of cancers. (exosome-rna.com)
Surfactant/lipid vesicles are closed bilayer aggregates that are interesting to understand because of their importance in several biological processes. (lu.se)
To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study on the emulsifying properties of an isolated biological membrane as a functional ingredient. (lu.se)

The human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 permeabilizes the plasma membrane of host cells, but LL-37-induced direct effects on mitochondrial membrane permeability and function has not been reported. (lu.se)
The membranes are composed primarily of a bimolecular lipid matrix, which determines membrane permeability characteristics. (msdmanuals.com)

For this reason, vesicles are a basic tool used by the cell for organizing cellular substances. (wikipedia.org)

The patterns of aggregation of microsomal membranes and further purified plasma membranes were almost identical whereas the aggregation of the heterogeneous mitochondrial membrane-enriched fraction was distinctly different in the initial rate of aggregation, its pH dependence, and metal ion concentration dependence. (mcmaster.ca)

Here, we describe a mechanism for dense core vesicle docking in neurons. (rupress.org)
In Caenorhabditis elegans motor neurons, dense core vesicles dock at the plasma membrane but are excluded from active zones at synapses. (rupress.org)
In contrast, we see that UNC-13, a docking factor for synaptic vesicles, is not essential for dense core vesicle docking. (rupress.org)
Overexpression of open syntaxin can bypass the requirement for CAPS in dense core vesicle docking. (rupress.org)
Thus, CAPS likely promotes the open state of syntaxin, which then docks dense core vesicles. (rupress.org)
One possible explanation for the bashfulness of dense core vesicles is that they are not docked. (rupress.org)
Dense core vesicles are usually found in the cytoplasm and these cytoplasmic vesicles must presumably translocate to the plasma membrane before release ( Zupanc, 1996 ). (rupress.org)

Antibiotic treatment altered vesicle dynamics, vesicle-to-membrane affinity, and surface properties of the cell membranes, generally enhancing vesicle transport along the surfaces of bacterial membranes and suggesting that their motion properties could be a signature of antibiotic stress. (wikipedia.org)

Hence, it is urgent to explore alternative disease -modifying drug supplement that are both safer and more effective in OA treatment , like probiotic and probiotic -derived membrane vesicles. (bvsalud.org)

NDLI: Non-equilibrium thermodynamics of oxidative phosphorylation by inverted inner membrane vesicles of rat liver mitochondria. (iitkgp.ac.in)

If, in addition, fusion events are rare, a vesicle dispersion may retain its size distribution for weeks and months. (lu.se)

The molecular arrangement of the NEC establishes the basic mechanism for budding and scission of tailored vesicles at the INM. (princeton.edu)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are attracting attention as vehicles for inter-cellular signaling that may have value as diagnostic or therapeutic targets. (nih.gov)
Despite their essential contribution to T cell activation, cellular mechanisms that coordinate internalization of surface receptors with sustained delivery Fonadelpar to the plasma membrane remain incompletely comprehended. (fabretp.org)
Plasma membrane-derived vesicles (PMVs) are described as sub-cellular vesicles released upon shear stress, cell activation, injury or apoptosis. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)

In the field of tumor therapeutic applications, phospholipid-membrane-based nanovesicles attract increased interest. (encyclopedia.pub)

Nevertheless, I was a little surprised that in your discussion of the recovery of secretory vesicle membrane you failed to cite the first study to define, both quantitatively and kinetically, secretory vesicle membrane retrieval using these techniques (P. Thomas et al. (the-scientist.com)
26 °C). Interestingly, it is found that the lamellar phase can in excess water be fragmented into kinetically stable uni-lamellar vesicles, while the sponge phase can not. (lu.se)

In HHV-1 and HHV-2 oral infections, viral replication within the oral epithelium may cause lysis of epithelial cells, with vesicle formation. (medscape.com)
Shallow ulcers with scabs that then heal without scarring follow the formation of vesicles. (medscape.com)

The majority of cholesterol is present in myelin sheaths and in neuronal membranes, where this lipid fulfills structural and functional tasks. (nature.com)

Neurons can release small molecule neurotransmitters very rapidly in part because synaptic vesicles are docked to the membrane at active zones. (rupress.org)
Synaptic vesicles are located at presynaptic terminals in neurons and store neurotransmitters . (wikipedia.org)

Rosuvastatin uptake into control Sf9 membranes and membranes expressing MRP2 was similar in the presence or absence of GSH. (aspetjournals.org)
In contrast, ATP dramatically stimulated rosuvastatin uptake into membranes expressing BCRP, but not control membranes. (aspetjournals.org)
To test the hypothesis of broad specificity of the hepatocellular bile acid uptake system(s) we investigated the kinetics and substrate specificity of Na+-dependent taurocholate uptake in basolateral (sinusoidal) rat liver plasma membrane vesicles in the presence and absence of bovine serum albumin. (unibas.ch)
The initial rate of uptake of methylaminoisobutyric acid (a nonmetabolizable amino acid analogue) was 63% lower in vesicles from placentas of small for gestational age babies. (manchester.ac.uk)

Here we will focus on vesicle (membrane) fusion and how its kinetics depends on the surfactant monolayer spontaneous curvature, H0. (lu.se)
0 is consistent with membrane fusion models involving the so-called stalk intermediate structure. (lu.se)
Vesicle fusion was also studied with giant uni-lamellar vesicles using rapid confocal laser scanning microscopy. (lu.se)

Jurkat T cells expressing TCR or Lck fused to a photoactivatable mCherry (PA-mCherry) were deposited on non-activating (poly-l-lysine) or activating (antibodies against CD3 and CD28) cover glasses and imaged between 10 and 40?min after initial surface contact on a confocal microscope at 37?C. Restricted areas of the plasma membrane were briefly illuminated with 405?nm light. (fabretp.org)
Passive transport is the moving of biochemicals across membranes of cells without the use of chemical energy. (wikibooks.org)
Membrane vesicles, a group of nano- or microsized vesicles, can be internalized or interact with the recipient cells, depending on their parental cells, size, structure and content. (encyclopedia.pub)
Moreover, we have demonstrated that Pgp is expressed on the brush-border membranes of trophoblast cells in the placenta and restricts drug transfer from the maternal circulation to the fetus. (elsevierpure.com)
We conclude that LL-37 is rapidly internalized by MG63 cells and accumulates in mitochondria, and that the peptide triggers release of pro-apoptotic AIF and directly affects mitochondrial membrane structural properties. (lu.se)

Several fluorescent membrane probes were evaluated and it was found that the voltage sensing dye di-8-ANEPPS could produce vesicle fluorescence in proportion to vesicle surface area, allowing for accurate measurements of EV number and size. (nih.gov)
Vesicle flow cytometry using fluorescence-based detection of EVs has the potential to realize the potential of cell-derived membrane vesicles as functional biomarkers for a variety of applications. (nih.gov)

In this study, we assessed the functional kinetics of transport mediated by Pgp that is physiologically expressed in normal tissue by using human placental brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMVs). (elsevierpure.com)

Bovine and human lens membrane, when reconstituted into lipid vesicles containing oxidized cytochrome C, will mediate the transmembrane passage of ascorbate into the vesicles, where the reduction of cytochrome C is measured spectrophotometrically. (elsevierpure.com)

Anatomy62

Organisms11

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs97

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment29

Phenomena and Processes51

Disciplines and Occupations5

Technology, Industry, Agriculture7

Information Science3

Health Care1

Proteins29

Outer21

OMVs1

Extracellular vesicle3

Lipids1

Lipid bilayer5

Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane2

Protein13

Molecules9

Golgi2

Compartment1

Endocytic3

Single vesicles1

Exosomes4

Vaccines2

Synaptic vesicle1

Bacteria5

Structures1

Secretory vesicles3

Fuse5

Exocytosis1

Electron1

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells1

Phospholipids1

Cytosol2

Biological5

Permeability2

Substances1

Plasma membranes1

Dense7

Dynamics1

Probiotic1

Inner membrane1

Dispersion1

Scission1

Cellular3

Tumor1

Kinetically2

Formation2

Neuronal1

Neurons2

Uptake4

Fusion3

Cells5

Fluorescence2

Functional1

Cytochrome1