• HA is synthesized in the absence of a protein core at the inner face of the plasma membrane and consequently found in the form of free chains whereas other GAG types are covalently bound into protein cores to form proteoglycans (PGs). (hindawi.com)
  • Son of sevenless (SOS) is then recruited to the plasma membrane and catalyzes the conversion of inactive Ras-GDP to active Ras-GTP that in turn recruits Raf to the plasma membrane. (springer.com)
  • Ras is a GTPase that is anchored to the intracellular side of the plasma membrane through its post-translational lipid modifications. (biolegend.com)
  • CD9 belongs to proteins of tetraspanin family that orchestrate cholesterol-associated tetraspanin-enriched signaling microdomains within the plasma membrane, forming complexes with each other as well as with integrins, membrane-anchored growth factors and other proteins. (exbio.cz)
  • CD9 is involved in cell motility, osteoclastogenesis, neurite outgrowth, myotube formation, and sperm-egg fusion, plays roles in cell attachment and proliferation and is necessary for association of heterologous MHC II molecules on the dendritic cell plasma membrane which is important for effective T cell stimulation. (exbio.cz)
  • Src (or c-Src) proteins are cytoplasmic (or non-receptor) tyr kinases which are anchored to the plasma membrane. (umbc.edu)
  • Lysosomes are an important component of the inner membrane system and participate in numerous cell biological processes, such as macromolecular degradation, antigen presentation, intracellular pathogen destruction, plasma membrane repair, exosome release, cell adhesion/migration and apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 1) Materials can be recycled to the plasma membrane by Rab11-positive recycling endosomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2) The remaining contents will be sequestered in Rab7-positive late endosomes, which can fuse with the plasma membrane to form exosomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 5) Lysosomes can also fuse with the plasma membrane to mediate membrane repair or discharge contents outside the cell, such as cathepsins or immune factors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A barrier (the plasma membrane) encloses the contents of the cell and allows a host of processes to occur within a confined, and regulated, environment. (ukri.org)
  • A major component of the plasma membrane is a lipid bilayer composed of a cocktail of different lipid (fat) molecules. (ukri.org)
  • The plasma membrane is not, however, just lipid molecules. (ukri.org)
  • Many of the proteins associated with the plasma membrane actually span that membrane (integral membrane proteins), with part of their sequence inside the cell and part outside: these two parts are linked by a transmembrane section that spans the lipid bilayer. (ukri.org)
  • Such integral membrane proteins can be considered to float in the sea of phospholipids of the plasma membrane. (ukri.org)
  • pathogen entry/egress (including flu and HIV) and toxin entry, by providing sites in the plasma membrane where these events take place. (ukri.org)
  • We hypothesise that CD317/tetherin acts as a 'tethered picket fence' serving to organise lipid rafts in the plasma membrane and therefore influence the broad range of cellular functions and disease-related states that have been associated with lipid rafts. (ukri.org)
  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a population of heterogeneous particles that originate from the endosomal system or plasma membrane. (bmrat.org)
  • Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is a member of the EGF family of proteins that in humans is encoded by the HBEGF gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Among them are the Sprouty proteins which mainly act as inhibitors of growth factor-dependent neuronal and glial signaling pathways. (springer.com)
  • the presence of these proteins reflects the fact that the sinus tract epithelia have undergone the pathologically altered process of growth, differentiation, and inflammation. (medscape.com)
  • The SMOC-1 protein attaches (binds) to many different proteins and is thought to regulate molecules called growth factors that stimulate the growth and development of tissues throughout the body. (medlineplus.gov)
  • ADAM17 is a metalloprotease and disintegrin that lodges in the plasmatic membrane of several cell types and is able to cleave a wide variety of cell surface proteins. (frontiersin.org)
  • A Disintegrin and Metalloproteases (ADAM), originally named metalloproteinases disintegrin cystein-rich (MDC), are membrane-anchored cell surface proteins containing both disintegrin and metalloproteinase domains. (frontiersin.org)
  • ADAM9 is able to cleave peptides corresponding to cleavage sites of tumor necrosis factorα (TNFα), the p75 TNF receptor, the β-amyloid protein precursor, and the c-kit ligand1, implying that it may participate in shedding of these membrane proteins. (reliatech.de)
  • Lafleur MA, Xu D, Hemler ME: Tetraspanin proteins regulate membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase-dependent pericellular proteolysis. (exbio.cz)
  • Over two dozen proteins involved in protein import and membrane insertion, peroxins, encoded by PEX genes, have been characterized. (tcdb.org)
  • 2011) addresses two of these aspects, the translocation of soluble proteins into the peroxisomal matrix and the biogenesis of the peroxisomal membrane. (tcdb.org)
  • 2011 ) have reviewed the processes by which matrix and membrane proteins are incorporated into the peroxysome. (tcdb.org)
  • In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , the minimal transport machinery includes the membrane proteins Pex13 and Pex14 and the cargo-protein-binding transport receptor, Pex5. (tcdb.org)
  • The membrane bound docking subcomplex includes several Pex proteins, Pex13p, 14p and 17p. (tcdb.org)
  • Most peroxisomal membrane proteins do not have PTS1 or PTS2, and insertion requires several peroxins distinct from those required for import of soluble matrix proteins. (tcdb.org)
  • There is also traffic in the opposite direction: molecules are transported into the cell from outside, including worn-out or excess receptor and channel proteins from the outside of the cell membrane. (alzforum.org)
  • Multivesicular bodies, or late endosomes, deliver membrane proteins to lysosomes for degradation, and Aβ42 co-localizes strongly with markers of late endosomes. (alzforum.org)
  • Early, recycling endosomes shuttle membrane proteins back to the cell membrane, and Aβ42 co-localizes weakly with them. (alzforum.org)
  • For membrane proteins, a third mechanism, based on the interaction of their transmembrane domain (TMD) with lipid microdomains, must also be considered. (biologists.com)
  • In this Commentary, I review evidence in favor of the idea that partitioning of TMDs into bilayer domains that are endowed with distinct physico-chemical properties plays a pivotal role in the transport of membrane proteins within the early secretory pathway. (biologists.com)
  • The combination of such self-organizational phenomena with canonical intermolecular interactions is most likely to control the release of membrane proteins from the ER into the secretory pathway. (biologists.com)
  • ADAMs (a disintegrin and metalloproteinases) comprise a new gene family of metalloproteinases, and may play roles in cell-cell interaction, cell migration, signal transduction, shedding of membrane-anchored proteins and degradation of extracellular matrix. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Src proteins are involved in signaling pathways that regulate cytokine and growth factor responses, cytoskeleton dynamics, cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. (umbc.edu)
  • It has been estimated that over one third of all the proteins encoded by the human genome are membrane proteins, that is proteins associated with lipid bilayers. (ukri.org)
  • It has been proposed that certain integral membrane proteins span the lipid bilayer at the periphery of lipid rafts and are linked to the actin cytoskeleton within the cell (the actin cytoskeleton provides the architectural framework, essentially the scaffolding, within the cell). (ukri.org)
  • It has been proposed that certain integral membrane proteins span the lipid bilayer at the periphery of rafts and are linked with the underlying actin cytoskeleton to form a 'picket fence' around the edge of the raft and limit diffusion of molecules into and out of the raft. (ukri.org)
  • Both receptors and ligands are membrane-bound proteins that require direct cell-cell interaction for activation. (hindawi.com)
  • thus, PIGA mutations lead to a deficiency of GPI-anchored proteins, such as complement decay-accelerating factor (also known as CD55) and CD59 glycoprotein (CD59), which are both complement inhibitors. (medscape.com)
  • Clinical manifestations of PNH occur when a HSC clone carrying somatic PIGA mutations acquires a growth advantage and differentiates, generating mature blood cells that are deficient of GPI-anchored proteins. (medscape.com)
  • If the membrane-anchor is missing or defective, Fp and Ip subunits accumulate as soluble proteins in the cytoplasm. (lu.se)
  • Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor has been shown to interact with NRD1, Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 16 and BAG1. (wikipedia.org)
  • PGs, molecules which consist of a protein core that is covalently modified with GAG chains, are distributed both to the ECM "proper" associated with the cell membrane as well as located to intracellular compartment. (hindawi.com)
  • This protein is found in basement membranes, which are thin, sheet-like structures that support cells in many tissues and help anchor cells to one another during embryonic development. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This causes adaptor protein GRB2 to recruit SOS, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor, which then facilitates binding of GTP to Ras. (biolegend.com)
  • The shelf life is related to many factors, storage state, buffer ingredients, storage temperature and the stability of the protein itself. (cusabio.com)
  • GPI-anchored cell membrane protein involved in Nodal signaling. (cusabio.com)
  • Pex4p is a membrane protein that may facilitate cycling of Pex5p back to the cytosol. (tcdb.org)
  • Although placental protein 14, leukemia inhibitory factor and 17-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase displayed highly upregulated levels in PcDNA (P-activated genes), there was little or no up-regulation in IcDNA. (umassmed.edu)
  • When these scientists reported earlier this year that neurons from Tg2576 transgenic mice had reduced surface expression of the GluR1 variant of glutamate receptor, they also noticed that these losses were accompanied by losses of PSD-95, a protein that anchors GluR1 to the synapse. (alzforum.org)
  • This process depends on the general physico-chemical features of the cargo membrane protein and on the interactions of these features with the collective properties of the bilayer, instead of the one-to-one intermolecular interactions that exist between discrete signals and their receptors. (biologists.com)
  • Mitochondrial fission factor, also known as Mff, is a tail-anchored, outer mitochondrial membrane protein that is part of a complex process controlling mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission in conjunction with Drp1 and Fis1 (Schrader and Yoon, 2007). (phosphosolutions.com)
  • The novel tail-anchored membrane protein Mff controls mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission in mammalian cells. (phosphosolutions.com)
  • Transforming growth factor β1 inhibits bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-2 and BMP-7 signaling via upregulation of Ski-related novel protein N (SnoN): possible mechanism for the failure of BMP therapy? (biomedcentral.com)
  • We then investigated expression levels of genes involved in BMP signaling and regulation (for example, Smad1/5/8, TGFβ receptors type I and II, noggin, sclerostin, BMP and activin receptor membrane bound inhibitor (BAMBI), v-ski sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (Ski), Ski-related novel protein N (SnoN) and Smad ubiquitination regulatory factors (Smurfs)) and confirmed the expression of regulated genes at the protein level. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have shown that the integral membrane protein CD317/tetherin is localised to lipid rafts and can also be attached to the actin cytoskeleton. (ukri.org)
  • The ligands can have a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor (A type) or a membrane-spanning protein domain (B type). (hindawi.com)
  • In this background of suboptimally performing aP vaccines, many countries have noted the emergence and expansion of strains specifically lacking pertactin (PRN), a membrane bound autotransporter, and 1 of up to 5 B. pertussis protein antigens included in the vaccines ( 6 - 11 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Estrogens are important regulators of growth and differentiation in (range, 0 -9 fmol/mg protein, median 0.7). (lu.se)
  • In the poster section, Joanna Shisler (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [UIUC], Urbana) reported that the modified virus, Ankara, activates nuclear factor κB through the mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal–regulated kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, possibly facilitating the host immune response. (cdc.gov)
  • We found that EGFR interacted directly with the CYT1 and CYT2 variants of ErbB4 and the membrane-anchored intracellular domain (mICD). (uzh.ch)
  • To understand the functional interactions between the TrkA and p75 nerve growth factor (NGF) receptors, we stably transfected LAN5 neuroblastoma cells with an expression vector for ET-R, a chimeric receptor with the extracellular domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and the TrkA transmembrane and intracellular domains. (umassmed.edu)
  • Free glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteoglycan- (PG-) containing GAGs, key effectors of cell surface, pericellular and extracellular microenvironments, perform multiple functions in cancer by virtue of their coded structure and their ability to interact with both ligands and receptors that regulate cancer growth [ 1 - 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • GAGs bound into PGs are located to the extracellular matrix, basal membrane, and cell surface [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • many are transporters that move small molecules into or out of the cell, others serve to anchor the cell to other cells or to the extracellular matrix, others bind small molecules such as growth factors or hormones at the outside of the cell and transmit signals into the interior of cell. (ukri.org)
  • They bind to extracellular signaling molecules that migrate through or are transported across the CELL MEMBRANE. (edu.au)
  • Interactions between uterine HB-EGF and epidermal growth factor receptors of blastocysts influence embryo-uterine interactions and implantation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, GAGs/PGs may modulate downstream signaling of key cellular mediators including insulin growth factor receptor (IGFR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), estrogen receptors (ERs), or Wnt members. (hindawi.com)
  • The family of tyrosine-kinase receptors, including those for epithelial growth factor (EGFR) and the transporter for the neurotransmitter dopamine (DAT), are regulated in this way. (alzforum.org)
  • These receptors are activated by binding to either membrane-anchored or soluble TRAIL/Apo2L. (peprotech.com)
  • These conserved families of secreted morphogens/signals, such as Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF), Hedgehog (Hh), Wingless (Wg)/Wnt, Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), and Decapentaplegic (Dpp - a BMP homolog), act away from their sources and, upon binding to receptors, activate gene regulatory pathways to induce functions in recipient cells 1 , 2 . (biorxiv.org)
  • Upon stimulation by growth factors, cytokines, neurotransmitters, or other signals, receptor tyrosine kinases on the cell surface will be autophosphorylated. (biolegend.com)
  • Members of the ADAM family contribute to various physiological and pathophysiological processes by modulation of molecules like growth factors or cytokines. (frontiersin.org)
  • Ectodomain shedding results in the soluble mature form of HB-EGF, which influences the mitogenicity and chemotactic factors for smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) is synthesized and transported to the cell surface as a membrane-anchored precursor (proTGF-alpha) that is converted to the soluble form by proteolytic cleavage. (nih.gov)
  • Mechanism(s) controlling conversion of the membrane-anchored precursor to the soluble TGF-alpha are unknown, and the responsible protease has not been identified. (nih.gov)
  • In the cell-free reconstitution system, the membrane-bound Suc-Ala-Ala-Ala-MCA-hydrolyzing enzyme from CHO cells was also activated by phorbol ester in the presence of the soluble fraction, ATP, and vanadate. (nih.gov)
  • MMPs can be grouped into soluble (including matrilysins) and membrane-anchored species. (evelinvahter.com)
  • HB-EGF-like growth factor is synthesized as a membrane-anchored mitogenic and chemotactic glycoprotein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recent studies have revealed that CD109, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein, is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. (nagoya-u.ac.jp)
  • Glypicans [ ( PUBMED:8589707 ) ( PUBMED:7657705 ) ] are a family of heparan sulphate proteoglycans which are anchored to cell membranes by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) linkage. (embl.de)
  • Here, we show that FGF is Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored to the producing cell surface and that this modification both inhibits free FGF secretion and activates target-specific bidirectional FGF-FGFR signaling through cytonemes. (biorxiv.org)
  • However, over recent years, it became clear that RTKs cannot be sufficiently activated by growth factors or receptor agonists in the adult and aging brain to exert significant neuroprotective or neurorestorative effects. (springer.com)
  • The ATP-dependent dislocation of the PTS1 receptor from the peroxisomal membrane into the cytosol is mediated by the AAA peroxins Pex1p and Pex6p ( Platta et al . (tcdb.org)
  • Transforming growth factor-beta 2 and its receptor and insulin growth factor-I and its receptor were up-regulated in PcDNA, whereas little or no expression was observed in IcDNA. (umassmed.edu)
  • Brain-derived neurotrophic factor also enhanced cell survival, indicating that in differentiated cells, NGF acts through the p75 receptor to prevent apoptosis. (umassmed.edu)
  • This receptor also binds with TGF-α and VGF (vaccinia virus growth factor). (fgf-4.com)
  • Description: SCF is a hematopoietic growth factor that exerts its activity by signaling through the c-Kit receptor. (fgf-4.com)
  • On the other hand, ADAM15 expression in RA synovial fibroblasts was enhanced with VEGF 165 only if vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2 expression was induced by treatment with tumor necrosis factor-α, and the expression was blocked with SU1498, a specific inhibitor of VEGFR-2. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Many molecules are anchored into these membranes to provide a stable focus for chains of chemical reactions. (alzforum.org)
  • Transforming growth factor ß1(TGFß1) is considered the main driver of fibrosis in IPF. (bvsalud.org)
  • There are hints that a systemic increase in transforming growth factor β 1 (TGFβ 1 ) interferes with beneficial BMP effects. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, factors that regulate delivery of Na v 1.3 to the cell surface are not known. (jneurosci.org)
  • Therefore, identifying the factors and mechanisms that regulate the functional status and spatial distribution of lysosomes and elucidating the relationship between lysosomes and the development and progression of cancer can provide important information for cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction and may yield new therapeutic targets. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The combination of growth factors and RTKs can activate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and negatively regulate TSC1/2, promoting Rheb to become GTP loaded, which can activate mTORC1. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the Fp subunit of SQR, and the closely related membrane-associated fumarate reductase of anaerobic organisms, FAD is covalently attached via an 8α-N(3)-histidyl linkage to a histidine (His) in a conserved sequence in the N-terminal part of the polypeptide. (lu.se)
  • SQR in E. coli and B. subtilis can be assembled in the membrane without covalently bound FAD but are enzymatically inactive [3, 4, 6]. (lu.se)
  • It is unexpected that B. subtilis SQR without covalently bound FAD is not assembled in the E. coli membrane provided that all other aspects of assembly, including iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis, are functional in the heterologous system. (lu.se)
  • Notably, certain B. subtilis mutants with mutated Fp lack covalently bound flavin and do not assemble the SQR polypeptides in the membrane [3]. (lu.se)
  • Subsequent un-anchoring of FGFR-bound-FGF from the source cell membrane dissociates cytoneme contacts and delivers FGF target-specifically to ASP cytonemes for paracrine functions. (biorxiv.org)
  • SQR consists of a membrane-peripheral heterodimer domain (often called succinate dehydrogenase) which is tightly bound to a membrane-spanning anchor, which is a cytochrome with one or two heme groups depending on the organism. (lu.se)
  • With the full complement of prosthetic groups they are then bound to the heme-containing membrane-anchor to form the active SQR. (lu.se)
  • Lipid rafts/membrane rafts/membrane microdomains (rafts) have been defined as small (10-200nm diameter), heterogenous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid enriched domains that compartmentalise cellular processes. (ukri.org)
  • hence, the activity probably locates on the outer surface of the cell membrane. (nih.gov)
  • Salvage of polymeric PGN presumably requires the removal of peptides from PGN by an unknown amidase, concomitantly with the translocation of the polymer across the outer membrane. (karger.com)
  • Thus, GPI-anchored FGF organizes both source and recipient cells and self-regulates its cytoneme-mediated tissue-specific dispersion and signaling. (biorxiv.org)
  • A single cell of the somatic gonad, the anchor cell, organizes the development of the vulva from epidermal precursors as well as the physical connection of the epidermis with the uterus. (wormbook.org)
  • Although the catalytic domain of MMPs is structurally highly similar, there are many differences with respect to substrate specificity, cellular and tissue localization, membrane binding and regulation that make this a very versatile family of enzymes with a multitude of physiological functions, many of which are still not fully understood. (evelinvahter.com)
  • This membrane blocks the infection from the gums and delivers antibiotics, medication and growth factors to the gum tissue. (implantdentist.co.nz)
  • Co-author of the study, Alireza Moshaverinia says: "We've determined that our membranes were able to slow down periodontal infection, promote bone and tissue regeneration. (implantdentist.co.nz)
  • 3 Researchers have proposed that, if the split occurs anterior to the monolayer of the hyalocytes at the cortical vitreous, the remaining hyalocytes can stimulate cell migration from both the circulation and retina, stimulate cell proliferation on the retinal surface, release connective tissue growth factors, and induce collagen gel contraction. (arvojournals.org)
  • Spry1, Spry2, and Spry4 but not Spry3 are induced transcriptionally and limit the duration and intensity mainly of ERK phosphorylation in response to growth factor (GF) stimulation (with the exception of EGF signaling). (springer.com)
  • ADAM15 was constitutively expressed in RA synovial fibroblasts and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and the expression level was increased in HUVECs by treatment with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 165 . (elsevierpure.com)
  • Lysosomes are an important component of the inner membrane system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Like other membrane-anchored ADAMs, ADAM9 consists of a pro domain with a cysteine switch and furin cleavage sequence, a catalytic domain with the zinc-binding site and Metturn expected for reprolysins, a disintegrin like domain, a cysteine-rich domain, an EGF-like domain, a transmembrane domain, and the cytoplasmic domain. (reliatech.de)
  • The membrane anchor of SQR in mammalian mitochondria and proteobacteria, such as Escherichia coli , consists of two polypeptides (SdhC and SdhD) and contains one heme group. (lu.se)
  • We propose a mechanism whereby competition for binding to c-Cbl in an ErbB signaling heterodimer promotes migration in response to a growth factor gradient. (uzh.ch)
  • The consecutive stages of cancer growth and dissemination are obligatorily perpetrated through specific interactions of the tumor cells with their microenvironment. (hindawi.com)
  • The consecutive steps of tumor growth, local invasion, intravasation, extravasation, and invasion of anatomically distant sites are obligatorily perpetrated through specific interactions of the tumor cells with their microenvironment. (hindawi.com)
  • We recently demonstrated that abrogating Sprouty2 function strongly inhibits intracranial tumor growth and leads to significantly prolonged survival of glioblastoma bearing mice by induction of ERK-dependent DNA replication stress. (springer.com)
  • This connection is initiated by the anchor cell, which invades between the vulF cells in a process analogous to invasive behavior of metastatic tumor cells. (wormbook.org)
  • Mutation of these residues in the dimer interface destabilized the complex in cells and abrogated growth factor-stimulated cell migration. (uzh.ch)
  • Using the fluorogenic substrate succinyl-Ala-Ala-Ala-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide (Suc-Ala-Ala-Ala-MCA), containing the sequence similar to the cleavage sites for proTGF-alpha processing, we identified a putative candidate proTGF-alpha-converting enzyme in the membrane fractions of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. (nih.gov)
  • The enzyme was partially purified from membranes of phorbol ester-treated CHO cells. (nih.gov)
  • Description: EGF is a potent growth factor that stimulates the proliferation of various epidermal and epithelial cells. (fgf-4.com)
  • the pattern of vulE and vulF cells requires an additional signal from the anchor cell as well as WNT signaling. (wormbook.org)
  • The anchor cell also patterns nearby uterine cells, via the DSL ligand LAG-2 and LIN-12 , to generate the four uv1 cells that form the tight connection with the vulva. (wormbook.org)
  • We report here that myricetin, but not its glycosylated form, can remarkably decrease the production of several S. aureus virulence factors, including adhesion, biofilm formation, hemolysis and staphyloxanthin production, without interfering with growth. (nature.com)
  • Together with dynactin, dynein regulates centrosomal orientation to establish and maintain cell polarity, controls focal adhesion turnover and anchors microtubules at the leading edge. (biologists.com)
  • In eyes with DME, ERM, and incomplete PVD, the posterior cortical vitreous and ERM appeared as one united EVi membrane in various lengths in most eyes, typically associated with vitreopapillary adhesion. (arvojournals.org)
  • This ultimately results in the translocation of ERK to the nucleus where it phosphorylates and activates a number of transcription factors like Elk1, initiating expression of genes that promote cell survival and growth. (biolegend.com)
  • Ras activated by this mechanism drives the PI3K pathway to initiate expression of cell growth genes. (biolegend.com)
  • The objective of our present study focused on PCR analyses of genes for several factors that are believed to be important in the proper maturation of the endometrium. (umassmed.edu)
  • The term "nocturnal" refers to the belief that hemolysis is triggered by acidosis during sleep and activates complement to hemolyze an unprotected and abnormal RBC membrane. (medscape.com)
  • Consistent with earlier studies supporting a singular role for the membrane-anchored MMP, MT1-MMP, in fibrin-invasive events, fibroblasts from MT1-MMP-null mice displayed an early defect in invasion. (silverchair.com)
  • Many are taken in by endocytosis, sinking into pits in the membrane that pinch off to form vesicles that drop into the cell, where they are known as early endosomes. (alzforum.org)
  • As possible mechanism, we postulate an induction of SnoN that increases HDAC activity and thereby reduces the expression of factors required for efficient BMP signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Through binding to the host membrane, the monomer oligomerizes to form a 232.4 kDa membrane-inserted heptamer. (nature.com)
  • To present the vitreoretinal interface in diabetic macular edema (DME) associated with both epiretinal membrane (ERM) and incomplete posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), as detected by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). (arvojournals.org)
  • The flavin together with the iron-sulfur clusters function to mediate electron transfer from the dicarboxylate binding site on the Fp subunit to the membrane-anchor domain where quinone is reduced to quinol. (lu.se)
  • Our Anti-Mitochondrial Fission Factor (Mff) primary antibody from PhosphoSolutions is rabbit polyclonal. (phosphosolutions.com)
  • Bulk Order Inquiry for Anti-Mitochondrial Fission Factor (Mff) Antibody ------- (please add any order requirements, including desired quantity, timing, etc. (phosphosolutions.com)