PeptidesSynthetic melittinVenom called melittinPeptide called melittinStructure of melittinAntimicrobialFree melittinApisSecretionInhibitsToxinHoneybee venomMembranesCecropinPolypeptideInjectionMoleculesPoreConcentrationsBeesAntibodiesCyclooxygenaseProteinSubstanceSignificantlyDosesMiceTriggersAminoMechanismsHistamineTissuesImmune systemReporterPreventsCellsTumorStudyGeneHolesResearchersMainSodiumComplexesExpressionFormationResultsEffectCancerSmallFunctionPainAbilityPotential
Peptides5
- The mechanism of pore formation of lytic peptides, such as melittin from bee venom, is thought to involve binding to the membrane surface, followed by insertion at threshold levels of bound peptide. (nih.gov)
- Melittin, along with many other peptides, contain potent antimicrobial properties, but are also toxic toward enthrocytes. (purdue.edu)
- We investigated whether cytolytic melittin peptides could inhibit HIV-1 infectivity when carried in a nanoparticle construct that might be used as a topical vaginal virucide. (msu.edu)
- In this report, the effects are assessed of two well-characterized antimicrobial amphipathic peptides (melittin and cecropin) on human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) replication and gene expression in acutely infected cells at subtoxic concentrations. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- It is concluded that antimicrobial peptides such as melittin and cecropin are capable of inhibiting cell-associated production of HIV-1 by suppressing HIV-1 gene expression. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Synthetic melittin2
- But now that synthetic melittin is being made (and patented) and will be profitable (did I mention "patented") now (finally) your doctor will hear about bee venom - because it has been rendered into a profitable patentable drug. (weeksmd.com)
- Characterization of Selectively 13C-Labeled Synthetic Melittin and Melittin Analogues in Isotropic Solvents by Circular Dichroism, Fluorescence, and NMR Spectroscopy" Biochemistry 28, 8614-8623 (1989). (bmrb.io)
Venom called melittin2
- He says that in the honeybee study, his team identified a substance in the venom called melittin that keeps the cancer cells from multiplying. (scienceblog.com)
- They are using nanoparticles to deliver bee venom called melittin through the body to kill cancerous tumor cells. (computerworld.com)
Peptide called melittin1
- One of which is bee venom that contains a peptide called melittin having antimicrobial and anticancer effects. (biomedcentral.com)
Structure of melittin1
- The structure of melittin. (wikipedia.org)
Antimicrobial2
- Melittin a 26-amino acid peptide is the most important active constituent of honey bee venom that forms up to 50% of its dry weight [ 6 ], with significant antimicrobial and antiviral properties [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- In the present work, we use a wide range of techniques (SANS, SAXD, DSC, ITC, CD, and confocal and electron microscopy) in order to fully characterize the interaction of a cecropin A-melittin hybrid antimicrobial peptide, CA(1-7)M(2-9), of known antimicrobial activity, with a bacterial model membrane of POPE/POPG in an effort to unravel its mechanism of action. (cea.fr)
Free melittin4
- Free melittin and melittin-loaded nanoparticles were prepared and compared for cytotoxicity and their ability to inhibit infectivity by CXCR4 and CCR5 tropic HIV-1 strains. (msu.edu)
- TZM-bl reporter cells expressing luciferase under the control of the HIV-1 promoter were incubated with HIV-1 NLHX (CXCR4) or HIV-1 NLYU2 (CCR5) viral strains and different doses of soluble CD4 (positive control) or free melittin to determine infectivity and viability. (msu.edu)
- 2 μM were not cytotoxic and were highly effective in reducing HIV-1 infectivity for both CXCR4 and CCR5 strains in TZM-bl reporter cells, while VK2 vaginal cell viability was adversely affected at all free melittin doses tested. (msu.edu)
- Large amounts of free melittin can cause a lot of damage. (scitechdaily.com)
Apis2
- Melittin is the main component (40-60% of the dry weight) and the major pain-producing substance of honeybee (Apis mellifera) venom. (wikipedia.org)
- The two main biopeptides of Apis mellifera BV, namely, melittin (MEL) and phospholipase A2 (PLA2), are suspected to be the biomolecules responsible for the anticancer activity. (hal.science)
Secretion2
- The new pFastBac™ HBM TOPO™ vector enables secreted protein expression because it has the honeybee melittin (HBM) secretion signal. (fishersci.com)
- Briefly, we cloned the codon-optimized MERS-CoV S2 encoding sequence into the pFastbac transfer vector (Invitrogen, https://www.thermofisher.com) in-frame between honeybee melittin (HBM) secretion signal peptide and a triple StrepTag purification tag. (cdc.gov)
Inhibits3
- Melittin inhibits protein kinase C, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, myosin light chain kinase, and Na+/K+-ATPase (synaptosomal membrane). (wikipedia.org)
- We show that in membranes composed of zwitterionic lipids, i.e. phosphatidylcholine, melittin not only forms pores but also inhibits pore formation. (nih.gov)
- An amphipathic alpha-helical synthetic peptide analogue of melittin inhibits herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1)-induced cell fusion and virus spread. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Toxin2
- That antigen was melittin, the main toxin in bee venom. (disabled-world.com)
- Bee venom contains a potent toxin called melittin that can poke holes in the protective envelope that surrounds HIV, and other viruses. (scitechdaily.com)
Honeybee venom2
- Melittin, a polypeptide found in honeybee venom and a known activator of phospholipase A 2 , induced transient, endothelium-dependent relaxations of rat thoracic aortae contracted with norepinephrine. (elsevierpure.com)
- Early research showed that melittin, an ingredient in honeybee venom, may be used to treat HER2-positive and triple-negative breast cancers. (facingourrisk.org)
Membranes1
- Since melittin attacks double-layered membranes indiscriminately, this concept is not limited to HIV. (scitechdaily.com)
Cecropin4
- Production of infectious, cell-free virus was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, with ID 50 values in the range 0·9-1·5 μM for melittin and 2-3 μM for cecropin. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- HIV LTR activity was also reduced in human cells stably transfected with retroviral expression plasmids for the melittin or cecropin gene. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Shortened cecropin A-melittin hybrids. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- This peptide is a short cecropin-melittin hybrid peptide obtained through a hybrid sequencing method. (pulsus.com)
Polypeptide1
- BACKGROUND: Melittin is a small molecule polypeptide extracted from the abdominal cavity of bees, which is used to treat inflammatory diseases and relieve pain. (bvsalud.org)
Injection2
- Injection of melittin into animals and humans causes pain sensation. (wikipedia.org)
- Animals that then immediately received an injection of the melittin-targeting plastic antibody showed a significantly higher survival rate than those that did not receive the nanoparticles. (disabled-world.com)
Molecules3
- The two venom molecules, melittin and secapin, that are over-expressed in honey bees infected with various pathogens, possibly indicate a role for melittin in the immune response of bees to infectious diseases. (wikipedia.org)
- The direct insertion of melittin leads to pore formation, whereas the parallel conformation is inactive and prevents other melittin molecules from inserting, hence preventing pore formation. (nih.gov)
- The scientists mixed melittin with small molecules called monomers, and then started a chemical reaction that links those building blocks into long chains, and makes them solidify. (disabled-world.com)
Pore1
- The melittin forms little pore-like attack complexes and ruptures the envelope, stripping it off the virus. (scitechdaily.com)
Concentrations1
- Higher concentrations of melittin induced relaxations followed by contractions. (elsevierpure.com)
Bees2
- However, in honey bees, melittin is not only expressed in the venom gland, but also in other tissues when infected with pathogens. (wikipedia.org)
- First, when bees sting they release a chemical called melittin into their victim. (livescience.com)
Antibodies2
- Melittin did not cause any significant changes to proliferation response of splenocytes to PHA and LPS, spleen cellularity, DTH response, as well as the production of anti-SRBC antibodies. (biomedcentral.com)
- Their new research, together with Naoto Oku's group of the University Shizuoka Japan, established that the plastic melittin antibodies worked like natural antibodies. (disabled-world.com)
Cyclooxygenase1
- Melittin can open thermal nociceptor TRPV1 channels via cyclooxygenase metabolites resulting in depolarization of nociceptor cells. (wikipedia.org)
Protein2
- The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of melittin on production performance, antioxidant function, immune function, heat shock protein, intestinal morphology, and cecal microbiota of heat-stressed quails. (bvsalud.org)
- In sum, our results demonstrate for the first time that dietary melittin could improve the adverse effects of heat stress on antioxidant function, immune function, heat shock protein, intestinal morphology, and cecal microbiota in quails, consequently improving their production performance under heat stress. (bvsalud.org)
Substance1
- When the researchers examined venom from a honeybee, they identified melittin, a substance that prevents the multiplying of cancer cells. (weeksmd.com)
Significantly3
- Melittin nanoparticles safely and significantly decreased CXCR4 (IC(50) 2.4 μM and IC(90) 6.9 μM) and CCR5 (IC(50) 3.6 μM and IC(90) 11.4 μM) strain infectivity of TZM-bl reporter cells. (msu.edu)
- Dietary melittin significantly increased growth performance, serum and liver antioxidative function, immune function, intestinal VH and VH/CD, and cecal microbiota Shannon index in heat-stressed quails (P (bvsalud.org)
- Melittin significantly decreased small intestinal CD, and HSP70 and HSP90 mRNA levels in the viscera (P (bvsalud.org)
Doses3
- Female BALB /c mice were treated intraperitoneally (i.p) with 0.75 and 1.5 mg/kg doses of melittin for 14 days (5 doses per week). (biomedcentral.com)
- According to our results, melittin at 0.75 and 1.5 mg/kg doses could not induce significant changes on immune parameters and as a result, melittin was found to be safe for the mice immune system. (biomedcentral.com)
- Melittin-loaded nanoparticles were formulated and different doses tested against VK2 vaginal epithelial cells to determine cell viability. (msu.edu)
Mice4
- Since a limited number of studies regarding the effects of melittin on the immune system have been carried out, we aimed to evaluate the effects of melittin on BALB/c mice immune system parameters. (biomedcentral.com)
- Since melittin has multiple claimed therapeutic features and in other side, there is a limited number of studies regarding its effects on the immune system, we aimed to evaluate the immunotoxic/immunomodulatory properties of melittin in BALB/c mice with a tiered approach immunotoxicity screening. (biomedcentral.com)
- The chemotherapy drug docetaxel more effectively killed breast cancer cells in mice when combined with melittin. (facingourrisk.org)
- The scientists gave lab mice lethal injections of melittin, which breaks open and kills cells. (disabled-world.com)
Triggers2
- Melittin triggers the synthesis of the cortisol hormone that suppresses inflammation and increases the resistance of cell walls. (fountainmagazine.com)
- Melittin also triggers the immune system cells that prevent the formation of free radicals, which normally damage cells and tissue. (fountainmagazine.com)
Amino2
- Melittin is a basic peptide consisting of 26 amino acids. (wikipedia.org)
- The amino acid sequence bears considerable homology to melittin. (enzolifesciences.com)
Mechanisms2
- Melittin also activates nociceptor (pain receptor) cells through a variety of mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
- However, the antitumor effect of melittin and its mechanisms remain unclear, especially in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). (bvsalud.org)
Histamine1
- Relaxations to melittin, and to the endothelium-dependent vasodilators acetylcholine, trypsin, histamine, and the Ca 2+ ionophore A23187, and/or the associated increased cyclic GMP levels, were reduced following exposure to melittin. (elsevierpure.com)
Tissues1
- In contrast, relaxations to sodium nitroprusside were potentiated in tissues previously exposed to melittin. (elsevierpure.com)
Immune system1
- As long as you're not allergic to bee venom, your immune system will react to the sting by sending fluids there to flush out the melittin, causing swelling and redness. (livescience.com)
Reporter2
- Based on VK2 viability, melittin nanoparticles were tested for prevention of CXCR4 and CCR5 tropic HIV-1 infectivity and viability of TZM-bl reporter cells. (msu.edu)
- Transient transfection assays with HIV long terminal repeat (LTR)-driven reporter gene plasmids indicated that melittin has a direct suppressive effect on activity of the HIV LTR. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Prevents1
- MeLioN, designed for ION-mediated melittin delivery, effectively prevents IADE formation by suppressing macrophage-mediated inflammations and MMP activity. (ijbs.com)
Cells4
- Scanning electron micrographs of the intimal surface demonstrated that melittin and polyarginine greatly damaged the endothelial cells. (elsevierpure.com)
- This study found that melittin can kill cancer cells. (facingourrisk.org)
- Indeed, in addition to anti-viral therapy, the paper's senior author, Samuel A. Wickline, MD, the J. Russell Hornsby Professor of Biomedical Sciences, has shown melittin-loaded nanoparticles to be effective in killing tumor cells. (scitechdaily.com)
- The new study shows that melittin loaded onto these nanoparticles does not harm normal cells. (scitechdaily.com)
Tumor2
- Meanwhile, the effect of melittin on CRPC was also verified through subcutaneous tumor formation experiments. (bvsalud.org)
- Further investigation revealed that overexpression of LCN2 was able to rescue tumor suppression and cisplatin sensitivity which melittin mediated. (bvsalud.org)
Study3
- We chose to study Chlamydomonas reinhardtii centrin (Crcen) and its interaction with melittin (MLT) as a model for CaBP complexes due to its amphipathic properties. (rcsb.org)
- In this proof-of-concept study, melittin-loaded L-arginine-coated iron oxide nanoparticle (MeLioN) was proposed as the protective measure of IADE formation for this macrophage-mediated inflammation and ECM degeneration. (ijbs.com)
- CONCLUSIONS: In brief, our study indicates that LCN2 plays an oncogenic role in CRPC and melittin may be selected as an attractive candidate for CRPC therapy. (bvsalud.org)
Gene1
- Moreover, RNA-sequence analysis demonstrated that Interleukin-17 (IL-17) signaling pathway gene Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) was downregulated by melittin treatment in CRPC. (bvsalud.org)
Holes1
- Melittin is toxic to humans and destructive because it pokes holes in cell walls. (howstuffworks.com)
Researchers1
- Researchers have also tried to alleviate different allergic reactions brought by the use of melittin through altering its molecular structure to reduce its possible side effects [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Main2
- Melittin is the main compound in bee venom, accounting for the potential lethality of a bee sting, which causes an anaphylactic reaction in some people. (wikipedia.org)
- Melittin is thought to be the main pain-inducing component of the venom. (msdmanuals.com)
Sodium1
- Finally melittin up-regulates the expression of Nav1.8 and Nav1.9 sodium channels in nociceptor cell causing long term action potential firing and pain sensation. (wikipedia.org)
Complexes1
- We reveal the formation of amorphous complexes via an en masse pathway and their relaxation into virions via a synchronous pathway. (cea.fr)
Expression2
- g) Immunohistochemical analysis of the expression of ACE in the human NP tissue among grades II, III, Melittin and IV (= 3). (findadig.com)
- We further confirmed the Melittin expression changes of tRAS components in the human NP tissue at the molecular level. (findadig.com)
Formation1
- METHODS: Through CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, wound healing assay and Transwell migration assay, we explored the effect of melittin on CRPC cell lines. (bvsalud.org)
Results1
- RESULTS: Here, melittin was verified to inhibit the cell proliferation and migration of CPRC. (bvsalud.org)
Effect4
- Our findings showed that melittin has no gross pathological effect on the spleen and bone marrow. (biomedcentral.com)
- It was also demonstrated that melittin has no any significant effect on hematological parameters. (biomedcentral.com)
- Melittin (10 μg/ml) elevated cyclic AMP levels less than twofold and this effect was variable. (elsevierpure.com)
- Analysis of the effect of melittin on cell-associated virus production revealed decreased levels of Gag antigen and HIV-1 mRNAs. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Cancer1
- It is not known whether melittin would be safe or affect cancer growth in people. (facingourrisk.org)
Small1
- Nanoparticles (purple) carrying melittin (green) fuse with HIV (small circles with spiked outer ring), destroying the virus's protective envelope. (scitechdaily.com)
Function1
- The principal function of melittin as a component of bee venom is to cause pain and destruction of tissue of intruders that threaten a beehive. (wikipedia.org)
Pain1
- Melittin poisoning is associated with a powerful, burning pain because it tricks the body into thinking it's on fire. (howstuffworks.com)
Ability1
- Low-speed centrifugation was used to compare the ability of blank non-melittin nanoparticles and melittin nanoparticles to capture CCR5 tropic HIV-1. (msu.edu)
Potential2
- Future investigations appear warranted to explore the antiviral prophylactic potential of melittin nanoparticles to capture, disrupt and prevent initial infection with HIV-1 or potentially other enveloped viruses. (msu.edu)
- Beyond prevention in the form of a vaginal gel, Hood also sees potential for using nanoparticles with melittin as therapy for existing HIV infections, especially those that are drug-resistant. (scitechdaily.com)