• If the pathway of differentiation is not followed, characteristic lesions result, and such lesions are regarded as the formal histogenetic precursors of melanoma. (nih.gov)
  • If melanoma is to develop via a precursor lesion, however, the nevus with melanocytic dysplasia is that precursor. (nih.gov)
  • Healthy humans develop spontaneous CD8+ T cell responses to melanoma associated antigens (MA) expressed by normal melanocytes. (mdpi.com)
  • Melanoma arises in a type of skin cell called a melanocyte. (irishnews.com)
  • In the study published in Nature, researchers sequenced melanocyte DNA in skin samples, one cell at a time, to tally mutations, with an emphasis on a handful of mutations that are the main drivers of the emergence and growth of melanoma. (irishnews.com)
  • The found that melanocytes from normal skin near the melanoma in the former cancer patients had strikingly more mutations, including melanoma-associated mutations, than skin from the same sites in individuals who never had melanoma. (irishnews.com)
  • P-Rex1 expression is shown to be upregulated in a number of melanoma derived cell lines compared to normal human melanocytes. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Molecular analysis of melanocytes and melanoma cells from mouse models: transcriptomics, bioinformatics, proteomics. (ubc.ca)
  • Melanoma is malignant neoplasm of melanocytes and their precursor cells. (journalcra.com)
  • Specifically, we have been looking at melanocytes (black pigment cells, well-known for their roles in skin and hair colour in humans, and giving rise to melanoma), and iridophores, a shiny silver cell-type that is prominent in most fishes. (bath.ac.uk)
  • Malignant melanoma arises from melanocytes in a pigmented area (eg, skin, mucous membranes, eyes, or central nervous system). (msdmanuals.com)
  • This process is under hormonal control, including the MSH and ACTH peptides that are produced from the precursor proopiomelanocortin. (wikipedia.org)
  • This decapeptide results from the post-translational processing of the pro-hormone molecule proopiomelanocortin (POMC) itself, a precursor of many biologically active peptides. (cosmeticsandtoiletries.com)
  • α-Melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is a peptide derived from a precursor polypeptide, proopiomelanocortin. (hku.hk)
  • Objectives: Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) is the polypeptide precursor of several peptides including adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) and β-endorphin. (eurospe.org)
  • [ 6 ] The observation of dermal melanocytes in close proximity with peripheral nerve bundles in nevus of Ito suggests that the nervous system is a factor in the development of nevus of Ito, although the true pathogenesis remains unknown. (medscape.com)
  • Nevus of Ota, which originally was described by Ota and Tanino in 1939, is a hamartoma of dermal melanocytes. (medscape.com)
  • dermal melanocytes lack nucleoli, lack mitoses and "mature with depth" -- see Note 1 . (librepathology.org)
  • Melanogenesis is the biosynthetic pathway for the formation of the pigment melanin in skin melanocyte. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Melanogenesis can be inhibited by inhibition of tyrosinase or by inhibition of melanocyte metabolism[ 2 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Melanogenesis-related genes were reduced in CRTC3-deficient cultured melanocytes and tail skin of CRTC3-null mice. (thno.org)
  • Furthermore, we identified the therapeutic potential of altiratinib to inhibit melanogenesis in human melanocytes and human skin effectively and safely. (thno.org)
  • CRTC3 appears to be a key sensor for melanogenesis and can be used as a reversible and tunable tool for selectively regulating melanogenesis without affecting melanocyte integrity. (thno.org)
  • Instead, it has been discovered that the melanocytes present in these lesions often contain a mutation in a G-coupled protein gene, GNAQ . (medscape.com)
  • Melanocytes are melanin-producing neural crest-derived cells located in the bottom layer (the stratum basale) of the skin's epidermis, the middle layer of the eye (the uvea), the inner ear, vaginal epithelium, meninges, bones, and heart. (wikipedia.org)
  • Typically, between 1000 and 2000 melanocytes are found per square millimeter of skin or approximately 5% to 10% of the cells in the basal layer of epidermis. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition to their role as UV radical scavengers, melanocytes are also part of the immune system, and are considered to be immune cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although melanocytes are dendritic in form and share many characteristics with dendritic cells, they derive from different cell lineages. (wikipedia.org)
  • Melanocytes on the other hand originate from neural crest cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • As such, although morphologically and functionally similar, melanocytes and dendritic cells are not the same. (wikipedia.org)
  • Melanocytes are capable of expressing MHC Class II, a type of MHC expressed only by certain antigen presenting cells of the immune system, when stimulated by interactions with antigen or cytokines. (wikipedia.org)
  • All cells in any given vertebrate express MHC, but most cells only express MHC class I. The other class of MHC, Class II, is found only on "professional" antigen presenting cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells, and melanocytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Importantly, melanocytes stimulated by cytokines express surface proteins such as CD40 and ICAM1 in addition to MHC class II, allowing for co-stimulation of T cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Like other immune cells, melanocytes secrete these cytokines in response to activation of Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) such as Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) which recognize MAMPs. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the oral mucosa, melanocytes are observed in a ratio of about 1 melanocyte to 10 basal cells. (medscape.com)
  • α-MSH was first known for its pigment-inducing action on melanocytes through the binding of melanocortin receptors on these cells. (cosmeticsandtoiletries.com)
  • The PI laboratory has recently developed an efficient procedure for the rapid differentiation of human ES cells into uniform neural precursors (hES-NPCs), which was hitherto unachievable. (ca.gov)
  • If our hypothesis is correct, hES cell-derived neural precursors will be a rich source for neural crest cells, thus allowing for the first time the extensive characterization of these rare human cells and the development of strategies of NC cell-based protocols in clinics. (ca.gov)
  • If our hypothesis is correct, hES cell-derived neural precursors will be a rich source for NC cells, and subsequently for an array of human NC derivatives such as bones, cartilage, muscles, peripheral and enteric neurons and melanocytes. (ca.gov)
  • After radial glial cells generate neurons, a 'gliogenic switch' occurs and they begin differentiating into astrocytes or oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs, also called NG2 glia). (biologists.com)
  • Hair color is made within hair follicles by pigment cells known as melanocytes. (patriciamaeolson.com)
  • Melanocytes manufacture melanin and deposit it in the epidermal cells. (patriciamaeolson.com)
  • Skin epidermal melanocytes are known to be particularly … Melanocytes are specialized cells that are responsible for melanin production. (patriciamaeolson.com)
  • It arises when pigment-producing skin cells, called melanocytes, become cancerous. (patriciamaeolson.com)
  • All cell types in the body derive from stem or other precursor cells. (bath.ac.uk)
  • These precursors are multipotent, having the flexibility to develop into any one of many types of working cells (e.g. neurons, blood or skin cells). (bath.ac.uk)
  • A key experiment is to use a complementary technique to look at gene activity in thousands of neural crest cells, looking comprehensively at their cell-profiles so as to study the range of identifiable precursor states in the neural crest. (bath.ac.uk)
  • A subpopulation of smooth muscle cells, derived from melanocyte-competent precursors, prevents patent ductus arteriosus. (edu.pl)
  • Melanocytes are the cells that are present in the basal layer of the epidermis. (blackpaint.com.sg)
  • These analyses were carried out in primary cultured melanocytes, mouse cell lines, normal human cells, co-cultures, and ex vivo human skin. (thno.org)
  • This are precursors to melanocytes, the cells responsible for determining the color of the future cat's coat. (animalwised.com)
  • From a pathophysiological standpoint, both nevus of Ota and Ito result from failed migration of melanocytes from the neural crest to basal layer of the epidermis. (medscape.com)
  • Oral melanomas are uncommon (1.2 cases per 10 million population per year in the United States), and, similar to their cutaneous counterparts, they are thought to arise primarily from melanocytes in the basal layer of the squamous mucosa. (medscape.com)
  • The common acquired melanocytic nevus is viewed as a focal proliferation of melanocytes, destined in most instances to follow a programmed pathway of differentiation that leads to disappearance of the nevus. (nih.gov)
  • This gene is responsible for the migration and survival of melanocyte precursors. (sdw.re)
  • Such a developmental flaw is termed aberrant differentiation, and the resultant precursor lesion is designated melanocytic dysplasia. (nih.gov)
  • We found out in this work that normal skin contains numerous melanocytes that already exhibit some of the mutations associated with cancer. (irishnews.com)
  • We study the melanocyte stem cell (MSC) to investigate the molecular pathways that regulate ASC quiescence. (wustl.edu)
  • Stem cell factor (SCF) introduction by crossing with KRT14-SCF mice increased epidermal melanocytes and melanin deposition in control and CRTC3-null mice, but the skin color remained still light on the CRTC3-null background. (thno.org)
  • POMC is a natural precursor of various neuromediators with important roles in skin physiology including anti-inflammatory activities. (cosmeticsandtoiletries.com)
  • The difference in skin color between lightly and darkly pigmented individuals is due not to the number (quantity) of melanocytes in their skin, but to the melanocytes' level of activity (quantity and relative amounts of eumelanin and pheomelanin). (wikipedia.org)
  • Melanocytes produce two types of melanin: pheomelanin and eumelanin formed by conjugation of glutathione or cysteine. (ijpsonline.com)
  • When melanomas do develop, they develop focally within the precursor. (nih.gov)
  • Essentially, we found the precursors to the 70% of melanomas that do not arise from pre-existing moles. (irishnews.com)
  • We found that both TSPO-specific ligands and induction of gluconeogenesis likely act in the same pathway to promote MSC activation and melanocyte production in larval zebrafish. (wustl.edu)
  • A major problem in developmental biology is to understand how these flexible precursors make a specific choice of cell-type to adopt. (bath.ac.uk)
  • We see evidence for only some very broadly multipotent precursors, leading us to propose our novel Cyclical Fate Restriction model. (bath.ac.uk)
  • A remarkable proportion of the new neural crest genes encode soluble ligands that control neural crest precursor specification into each cell lineage, including pigmented, neural, glial, and skeletal derivatives. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Melanocytes also have a role in the immune system[clarification needed]. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition to presenting antigen, one of the roles of melanocytes in the immune response is cytokine production. (wikipedia.org)