• Today's FT processes are designed to yield as many long-chain, saturated hydrocarbons as possible. (fev.com)
  • Extraction hydrocarbons from the medium using an apolar solvent (such as ethyl acetate) after the reaction and subsequent analysis by gas chromatography would indicate the presence of the corresponding alkanol and/or the decrease of alkane. (igem.org)
  • The alkB gene breaks down alkanes, saturated hydrocarbons, by oxidizing the hydrocarbon into alkanols (in the case of aliphatic hydrocarbons) or phenols (in the case of aromatic molecules) and to be metabolized in further metabolic steps. (biotreks.org)
  • Subcontinuum mass transport of condensed hydrocarbons in nanoporous media. (mit.edu)
  • The selective functionalization of light alkanes offers the possibility of expanded and more efficient use of natural gas, as the functionalization of larger hydrocarbons (e.g., long chain alkanes or arenes) could afford less expensive processes that are more environmentally benign as well as access to entirely new compounds, and the selective C-H functionalization of more complex organic compounds offers strategies for improved routes to prepare high-value fine chemicals. (princeton.edu)
  • In the animation two molecules of D2EHPA solvate a zinc ion (Zn 2+ ) to make a complex which is soluble in hydrocarbons such as kerosene due to the hydrophobic alkane chains surrounding the dication. (chemtube3d.com)
  • The chlorinated paraffin is a straight-chain hydrocarbons that have been chlorinated. (195news.com)
  • Actually, alkanes are members of a larger class of organic compounds called hydrocarbons . (docslib.org)
  • We often refer to alkanes as aliphatic hydrocarbons, because the physi- Saturated hydrocarbon cal properties of the higher members of this class resemble those of the long carbon-chain A hydrocarbon containing only carbon-carbon single molecules we find in animal fats and plant oils (Greek: aleiphar, fat or oil ). (docslib.org)
  • We study alkanes (saturated An alternative term to hydrocarbons) in this chapter. (docslib.org)
  • We study alkenes and alkynes (both unsaturated hydrocarbons) describe an alkane. (docslib.org)
  • Technical chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are produced via radical chlorination of n-alkane feedstocks with different carbon chain-lengths (∼C10-C30). (zhaw.ch)
  • Before a synthesizing plant begins operation, it cannot be predicted what the exact composition of the product will be because the alkanes and alcohols of differing chain lengths are formed only with the likelihood of polymerization. (fev.com)
  • To cover the broad range of possible fuels, two extreme fuel mixtures consisting of C7 to C12 alkanes and C6 to C8 alcohols were chosen for engine testing. (fev.com)
  • Despite the fact that water and alcohols are the most popular media for the heterophase RAFT process, many attempts have recently been made to search for new solvents. (springer.com)
  • Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) are a class of key enzymes responsible for the oxidation of alkyl alcohols in the aerobic alkane metabolic pathway. (bvsalud.org)
  • Moreover, fatty acid production was also changed in BG11 to produce longer chain fatty acids, phenolic compounds, alkanes, and fatty alcohols. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • Long chain alcohols have no hydrolysable structural features and would not be expected to be degraded by oxidation under normal environmental conditions. (europa.eu)
  • Bacteria and plants are known to synthesise fatty alcohols within the chain length range C6-24, relevant to this Category of alcohols. (europa.eu)
  • Bacteria form branched chain and odd chain length fatty acids and alcohols. (europa.eu)
  • In other environmental species, long chain aliphatic alcohols are formed as part of fatty acid breakdown in aquatic invertebrates and vertebrates. (europa.eu)
  • Long chain aliphatic alcohols are metabolised by a pathway that also acts on alkanes and fatty acids (Mudge, 2008). (europa.eu)
  • Alkanes may be oxidised to alcohols and alcohols converted via short-lived aldehydes to fatty acids (which are exempt from REACH). (europa.eu)
  • Long chain alcohols are also intermediates in the microbial breakdown of alkanes and waxes. (europa.eu)
  • Long chain aliphatic alcohols are metabolised by algae, to the extent that it is difficult to maintain concentrations in aquatic studies in which Daphnia are fed on algae (Schäfers, 2005a-d). (europa.eu)
  • The complex dielectric spectra for mixtures of unbranched monohydric alcohols with n-alkanes have been measured between 1 MHz and 18 GHz at various mole fractions x(CnOH) of the alcohols (0.2 less than or equal to x(CnOH) less than or equal to1). (goettingen-research-online.de)
  • Currently, the degradation mechanisms of short- and medium-chain alkanes are commonly reported, while those of long-chain alkanes have received less attention. (bvsalud.org)
  • Concomitantly, the CP carbon chain could be degraded with the formation of CO 2 , a degradation that was inverse to the degree of chlorination [ 11 ] . (oaepublish.com)
  • It was also noted that this carbon chain degradation had to be preceded by a dechlorination step, as the 14 C-carbon was chlorinated, and that cytochrome 450 was involved in this degradation [ 12 ] . (oaepublish.com)
  • Adding a hydroformylation process to the end of production makes it possible to create new types of composite fuels (alkane/alcohol mixtures) using robust and easy-to-control technologies. (fev.com)
  • ISO 12010:2012 specifies a method for the quantitative determination of the sum of short-chain polychlorinated n ‑alkanes, also known as short-chain polychlorinated paraffins (SCCPs), in the carbon bond range n -C 10 to n -C 13 inclusive, in mixtures with chlorine mass fractions ("contents") between 49 % and 67 %, including approximately 6 300 of approximately 8 000 congeners. (iso.org)
  • These are complex mixtures of polychlorinated n-alkanes that are generally used as a plasticizer in manufacturing PVC compounds like PVC flooring cables, wires cloth coatings, and lubricants. (195news.com)
  • This model allows for a consistent description of the dielectric properties of the alcohol/n-alkane mixtures which, depending on the relative length of the hydrocarbon chains, divide into two groups. (goettingen-research-online.de)
  • Structural features of the alcohol/n-alkane mixtures are proposed to account for the characteristic behavior of both groups of liquids as a function of alcohol content. (goettingen-research-online.de)
  • For one thing, these chlorinated straight-chain alkanes, generally divided into short-, medium- and long-chain CPs (SCCPs, MCCPs, LCCPs) [ 5 ] , have created severe problems for analytical chemists, not least due to the vast number of isomers being present in each commercial CP product [ 6 ] . (oaepublish.com)
  • As explained earlier the catalytic component of the alkane hydroxylase system is an integral membrane protein. (igem.org)
  • Crystal Structure of Long-Chain Alkane Monooxygenase (LadA) in Complex with Coenzyme FMN: Unveiling the Long-Chain Alkane Hydroxylase. (igem.org)
  • To solve this, an Escherichia coli strain engineered to express alcohol dehydrogenase (adhA) and alkane hydroxylase (alkB) was designed. (biotreks.org)
  • Most desirable from the standpoint of liquid fuels and the chemical industry are medium-length hydrocarbon chains with a hydrogen:carbon atom ratio of ~2 ( see below ). (uwyo.edu)
  • The hydrocarbon chains are found in both straight and branched forms. (eifelhaus-am-stausee.de)
  • This culture consumed various different long-chain alkanes, but also alkyl-benzenes and alkyl-cycloalkanes, and produced methane and CO 2 as products (Fig. (pensoft.net)
  • 3.3 How to Draw Alternative Chair Conformations of 3.6 What Are the Conformations of Alkanes and Cyclohexane Cycloalkanes? (docslib.org)
  • CHEMICAL CONNECTIONS 3.8 What Are the Physical Properties of Alkanes and 3A The Poisonous Puffer Fish Cycloalkanes? (docslib.org)
  • If everything goes well, we should see microbial growth on minimal medium with these compounds as sole carbon source. (igem.org)
  • If lipids are present, they should be removed by gel permeation chromatography and the alkanes separated from other more polar compounds by silica gel chromatography. (cdc.gov)
  • IN THIS CHAPTER, we begin our study of organic compounds with the physical and chem- ical properties of alkanes, the simplest types of organic compounds. (docslib.org)
  • Alkanes and alkenes with medium-length chains could also be obtained using a high-temperature Fischer-Tropsch (HTFT) process. (fev.com)
  • Growth curves and cytochrome contents of S. lipolytica cultured on various substrates, Including n-alkanes, are compared. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • The alkanes octane and dodecane were tested as possible substrates in M9 minimal medium. (igem.org)
  • 2020) "Enhanced photocatalytic alkane production from fatty acid decarboxylation via inhibition of radical oligomerization. (greencarcongress.com)
  • In organic chemistry, Nonane is the generic name for a nine-carbon straight-chain alkane hydrocarbon, in the medium molecular weight alkane group of liquids, with the chemical formula C 9 H 20 . (wellnessadvantage.com)
  • Here, we present pilot study results of organic geochemical features of long-chain n -alkanes and alkenones and individual carbon isotope ratios of long-chain n -alkanes from a newly collected, approximately 8 m long, located in the far reaches of the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean. (springeropen.com)
  • The results show abundant long-chain n -alkanes (C 29 - C 35 ) with predominant odd-over-even carbon preference, suggesting an origin of terrestrial higher plant waxes via long-range transport of dust, possibly from Australia and New Zealand. (springeropen.com)
  • In the analysis, we found that the mid-chain n -alkanes (C 23 - C 25 ) have a small odd-over-even carbon preference, indicating that they were derived from marine non-diatom pelagic phytoplankton and microalgae and terrestrial sources. (springeropen.com)
  • 2004 ). Relatively high carbon isotopic values of C 31 n -alkane in the surface sediments from the Australian sector of the Southern Ocean suggest significant contributions of C 4 higher vascular plant waxes or conifer resin (Ohkouchi et al. (springeropen.com)
  • Octane has many structural isomers that differ by the amount and location of branching in the carbon chain. (hydrosilintl.com)
  • He contended that EV advocates fail to consider the carbon emitted by the process of generating electricity in the first place, the energy loss inside its delivery value chain, along with the depreciated costs of developing a massive electric vehicle support infrastructure. (theethicalskeptic.com)
  • Each chain of value provision features normalized nodal-measures regarding levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), fully-loaded and traded-line-loss in electrical energy for transmission or charging, and finally the future-efficient pounds of carbon dioxide introduced into the atmosphere at that 'node' activity in the value chain. (theethicalskeptic.com)
  • The carbide mechanism involves the dissociation of CO into surface carbon, the hydrogenation of surface carbon into CH x * ( x = 1, 2, or 3) intermediates, the surface polymerization of CH x * (chain growth), and the hydrogenation (chain termination) to form hydrocarbon products 19 . (nature.com)
  • that is, they contain only carbon-carbon single atoms are arranged in an open chain. (docslib.org)
  • Prior to this work the only well-defined alkane dehydrogenation catalysts were based on iridium, a considerably more expensive and less abundant metal. (uwyo.edu)
  • However, it is not simply a case of lowering the pressure for these catalysts if one intends to achieve ambient-pressure synthesis of long-chain olefins. (nature.com)
  • Octane is a hydrocarbon and an alkane with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)6CH3. (hydrosilintl.com)
  • 3B Octane Rating: What Those Numbers at the 3.9 What Are the Characteristic Reactions of Alkanes? (docslib.org)
  • This process reduced the crude oil quality by removing alkanes and thus increasing the oil viscosity. (pensoft.net)
  • Short-chain CPs (SCCPs, C10-C13) are classified as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) under the Stockholm Convention. (zhaw.ch)
  • However, due to the uncontrollable reactivity of alkyl radicals, the production of desired alkanes was characterized by low selectivity. (greencarcongress.com)
  • In that study, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid samples from 51 EVALI cases from 16 states and a comparison group of samples from 99 individuals without EVALI were analyzed for toxicants, including vitamin E acetate, plant oils, medium chain triglyceride (MCT) oil, coconut oil, petroleum distillates, and diluent terpenes. (cdc.gov)
  • Chains of chitin may be arranged in a tightly compacted crystalline structure of antiparallel sheets and extensive intermolecular hydrogen bonding (α-chitin), in a more mobile allomorph of parallel sheets (β-chitin), or a combination of both (γ-chitin) ( Fig. 1 ). (ijpsr.com)
  • An alternative comparative which reflects the existing fossil fuel to combustion value chain, along with two each (hydrogen and battery storage options) for fossil fuel, solar and wind farm, and household/micro solar and wind energy generation solutions. (theethicalskeptic.com)
  • The conversion of CO 2 by renewable power-generated hydrogen is a promising approach to a sustainable production of long-chain olefins (C 4+ = ) which are currently produced from petroleum resources. (nature.com)
  • Rationally controlling the conversion of radical intermediates for preferential hydrogen termination is the key to high selectivity in obtaining alkane products. (greencarcongress.com)
  • The first fuel defined, hereafter referred to as "Fischer- Tropsch Fuel 1" (FTF1), represents a non-reactive fuel with a rather short chain and a very high concentration of alcohol at 40 percent m/m. (fev.com)
  • The fatty acids produced by the action of alcohol dehydrogenase followed by aldehyde dehydrogenation enter the ß-oxidation cycle producing acetyl-CoA products (and a propionyl-CoA from odd chain-length molecules) and ATP. (europa.eu)
  • The δ 13 C values of the C 31 n -alkane range from − 29.4 to − 24.8‰, in which the higher δ 13 C values suggest more contributions from C 4 plant waxes. (springeropen.com)
  • Of course, one of the first characterization experiments was to test growth of the E.coli strains carrying BBa_K398014 on alkanes. (igem.org)
  • 2021) 'Chemical synthesis and characterization of single-chain C18-chloroparaffin materials with defined degrees of chlorination', Chemosphere , 291, Part 2(132938). (zhaw.ch)
  • Several methods are available for analysis of the components of mineral oil hydraulic fluids (straight and branched chain alkanes) in biological samples. (cdc.gov)
  • Mineral oil is a colorless, odorless oil composed mainly of alkanes related to highly refined, purified, and processed petroleum, says Cofie-Obeng. (eifelhaus-am-stausee.de)
  • Researchers led by Prof. WANG Feng at the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences have reported that photocatalytic decarboxylation is an efficient alternate pathway for converting biomass-derived fatty acids into alkanes under mild conditions of ambient temperature and pressure. (greencarcongress.com)
  • Transformation of alkanes under treatment of single impulse of hydrodynamic cavitation. (finechem-mirea.ru)
  • Furthermore, these materials now allow specific studies on the environmental fate and the transformation of long-chain chloroparaffins and chloroolefins. (zhaw.ch)
  • Therefore, detection of a particular organophosphate ester in the environment or in biological media cannot identify the source of the contamination (i.e., hydraulic fluids, plasticizers, antiwear additives). (cdc.gov)
  • We can write structural formulas for alkanes in still another abbreviated form. (docslib.org)
  • The structural formula of pentane, for example, contains three CH2 ( methylene ) groups in the middle of the chain. (docslib.org)
  • At present, one of the simplest and most affordable methods for preparing such a colloidal solution is heterophase-controlled polymerization occurring by the reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer ( RAFT ) mechanism, which makes it possible to simultaneously control the molecular characteristics of the synthesized block copolymer and tune the size and morphology of the resulting micelles in the nanoscale. (springer.com)
  • Table 3.1 gives the names and molecular formulas of the first 20 alkanes. (docslib.org)
  • The analytical methods presented here are capable of identifying long chain alkanes (the components present in mineral oils and polyalphaolefins used in hydraulic fluids) and will be most useful when something is known about the source of contamination. (cdc.gov)
  • The results of this study strongly indicate that the δ 13 C values of long-chain n -alkanes and \( {U}_{37}^{\mathrm{k}} \) index are potentially useful to reconstruct the detailed history of C 3 /C 4 plants and SST change in the higher latitudes of the Southern Ocean. (springeropen.com)
  • 2000 ). Altered or recycled material mixed with modern marine input is also an important source for long-chain n -alkanes with low CPI values in ocean sediments in the Ross Sea region (Kvenvolden et al. (springeropen.com)
  • Chlorpyrifos a widely used organophosphate insecticide was co-included along with long linear chain rapidly complexing agent in urea lattice. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Minimum proportion of long linear chain rapidly complexing agent required for co-inclusion of insecticide in urea lattice was determined calorimetrically. (ijpsonline.com)
  • For CO 2 hydrogenation, ambient pressure is adverse to the formation of liquid long-chain olefins based on Le Chatelier's principle. (nature.com)
  • For instance, an iron aluminum oxide exhibited high selectivity (66.8%) for long-chain olefins (C 4+ = ) under 35 bar 15 . (nature.com)
  • Long-chain alkanes are the major component of diesel and jet fuel. (greencarcongress.com)
  • they have long non polar alkane chains with polar groups at the end. (sbistudy.com)
  • The low total pressure induces low surface coverage of CH x * due to the insufficient dissociation of CO, resulting in the short-chain length and a large amount of undissociated CO molecules. (nature.com)
  • The idea behind this is that E.coli might inherently contain an ADH and ALDH that, while it might be at an extremely low activity, can be able to degrade larger chain alkanes thus releasing energy for growth. (igem.org)
  • The logic behind this is to stall the growth of a large volume of cells by using nitrogen-deficient medium to test their alkane conversion capabilities at near-zero growth. (igem.org)
  • The synthesized C18-single-chain standard materials and respective spectroscopic data are useful to identify and quantify LCCPs in various materials and environmental samples. (zhaw.ch)
  • Slaters is celebrating 8 years of a close working relationship with rapidly growing renewables company, Alkane Energy. (slaters-electricals.com)
  • Saccharomycopsis lipolytica is a yeast which is able to grow on n-alkanes of medium chain length. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • We showed that CPs of low and medium chain length were retained for some time in the body and that this retention increased with the degree of chlorination [ 10 , 11 ] . (oaepublish.com)
  • 2015. Effect of Chain Length and Pore Accessibility on Alkane Adsorption in Kerogen . (mit.edu)
  • and also in ecotoxicological aqueous test media. (europa.eu)
  • A smart way is to impart new properties to chitosan is its chemical modification of chain, generally by grafting of functional groups without disturbing the initial skeleton in order to keep the original properties intact. (ijpsr.com)
  • Production of these alkanes from renewable biomass-such as biomass-derived fatty acids instead of fossil resources-could contribute significantly toward developing a sustainable energy supply. (greencarcongress.com)
  • Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. (thecompliancemap.com)
  • Follow us on social media! (chemtube3d.com)
  • These results show that C n-1 alkanes can be obtained from biomass-derived C 12 -C 18 fatty acids in high yields (greater than or equal to 90%) under mild conditions (30 °C, H 2 pressure less than or equal to 0.2 MPa) with 365 nm LED irradiation. (greencarcongress.com)
  • Initially, a glycerol utilization operon containing gylCABX was found to be up-regulated in an ndgR deletion mutant (BG11) grown in N-acetylglucosamine solid minimal media compared with wild-type strain (M145). (ewha.ac.kr)
  • then the cells were collected and the spent medium was changed for a buffer with glucose that lacked of N-source, this was done in order to avoid more biomass production. (igem.org)
  • This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. (pensoft.net)