DiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesHealth Care
Breakthrough PainAdministration, BuccalFentanylAnalgesics, OpioidLabor PainPainAnalgesia, EpiduralPain MeasurementNasal SpraysDouble-Blind MethodNeoplasmsChronic DiseaseMedication ErrorsPain, PostoperativeMedication AdherencePain ManagementChronic PainPain ThresholdPain, IntractableTreatment OutcomeRadionuclide GeneratorsLow Back PainBack PainTime FactorsAbdominal PainAnesthetics, IntravenousNeck PainMedication SystemsMedication ReconciliationMedication Systems, HospitalAnalgesicsMorphineAdministration, CutaneousProspective StudiesAerosolsEpisode of CarePelvic PainFacial PainPreanesthetic MedicationPain PerceptionBupivacaineAnesthetics, Local
OverdoseOpioidSynthetic opioidsMultiple dosesHigh dosesNasal sprayOpioidsHeroinCitrateIntravenousOnsetTherapiesPotentFatalAddictionMorphinePotencyWidelyPatientMimicking pharmaceuticalDrugsCommonlyChronic painAcuteCloselyInterventionPatientsAssessmentManagementSignificantlyPrescriptionTeamAdministrationPreviousRequiresAmountTreatmentControlEnsure
Overdose15
  • Accidental ingestion of SUBSYS, especially by children, can result in a fatal overdose of fentanyl. (nih.gov)
  • Depending on the method of delivery, fentanyl can be very fast acting and ingesting a relatively small quantity can cause overdose. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fentanyl continues to fuel an epidemic of synthetic opioid drug overdose deaths in the United States. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since 2018, fentanyl and its analogues have been responsible for most drug overdose deaths in the United States, causing over 71,238 deaths in 2021. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fentanyl constitutes the majority of all drug overdose deaths in the United States since it overtook heroin in 2018. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is used to treat severe pain, but it can also be illegally manufactured and mixed with other drugs, increasing the risk of overdose. (welevelup.com)
  • In this article, we will explore the facts about fentanyl, its effects on the brain and body, and how to prevent and treat fentanyl overdose. (welevelup.com)
  • A fentanyl overdose can be reversed with naloxone, a medication that blocks the effects of opioids on the brain. (welevelup.com)
  • However, naloxone may not work as well or as long for fentanyl overdose as other opioids because of fentanyl's high potency and rapid onset. (welevelup.com)
  • The best way to prevent fentanyl overdose is to avoid using illicit drugs or prescription opioids in ways other than a doctor prescribes. (welevelup.com)
  • There is a huge risk of overdose and death to those who abuse fentanyl or become addicted to it due to the drug's potency. (clearpathintervention.com)
  • Fentanyl and other synthetic opioids are now the most popular drug contributing to overdose deaths in the United States. (clearpathintervention.com)
  • The type of fentanyl responsible for overdose deaths is non-pharmaceutical grade fentanyl, which is made in other countries and smuggled into the US. (clearpathintervention.com)
  • What happens if they fentanyl overdose before the intervention ? (clearpathintervention.com)
  • A fentanyl overdose has the potential to be fatal. (clearpathintervention.com)
Opioid18
  • Due to the risk of fatal respiratory depression, SUBSYS is contraindicated in opioid non-tolerant patients ( 1 ) and in management of acute or postoperative pain, including headache/migraines. (nih.gov)
  • SUBSYS is an opioid agonist indicated for the management of breakthrough pain in cancer patients 18 years of age and older who are already receiving and who are tolerant to around-the-clock opioid therapy for their underlying persistent cancer pain. (nih.gov)
  • The past decade has seen clinical trials of transmucosal opioid formulations for breakthrough pain in cancer (BTPc), beginning with oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC), followed by fentanyl buccal tablet and intranasal fentanyl spray, and most recently sublingual fentanyl tablet, fentanyl buccal soluble film, and fentanyl pectin nasal spray. (jnccn.org)
  • Although oral opioids have been used for historical reasons, evidence supports the use of intravenous morphine or transmucosal fentanyl for treating BTPc, regardless of the opioid being taken to manage background pain. (jnccn.org)
  • Furthermore, most studies have found no meaningful relationship between the effective dose of transmucosal opioid and the around-the-clock scheduled medication nor the previous rescue medication. (jnccn.org)
  • 1 Classically, treatment of BTPc has involved taking an extra dose of the oral opioid already being taken to relieve background chronic pain, at 5% to 20% of the total daily dose, as "rescue" medication. (jnccn.org)
  • however, no meaningful relationship was observed between the rescue OTFC dose and the scheduled opioid regimen. (jnccn.org)
  • Fentanyl, also spelled fentanil, is a highly potent synthetic piperidine opioid drug primarily used as an analgesic. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fentanyl works by activating mu-opioid receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fentanyl is the most commonly used intrathecal opioid because its lipophilic profile allows a quick onset of action (5-10 min) and intermediate duration of action (60-120 min). (wikipedia.org)
  • Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid that is 50 to 100 times more potent than morphine. (welevelup.com)
  • Illicit fentanyl can be sold as a powder, a nasal spray, an eye drop, or a pill that looks like a prescription opioid. (welevelup.com)
  • Fentanyl binds to the opioid receptors in the brain and body, which control pain and emotions. (welevelup.com)
  • Patients with cancer or noncancer pain requiring chronic therapy are monitored closely to optimize treatment and to minimize the likelihood of complications of opioid use, including misuse or abuse. (tri-kobe.org)
  • Fentanyl is a powerful synthetic opioid that is around 100x more potent than morphine and much more deadly. (clearpathintervention.com)
  • Fentanyl comes from the opioid class of painkillers, meaning it is created synthetically. (clearpathintervention.com)
  • Non-pharmaceutical grade fentanyl has begun to be cut into other popular drugs like cocaine , meth , heroin, club drugs and even marijuana, resulting in an uptick in accidental opioid-driven deaths. (clearpathintervention.com)
  • This drug is often prescribed to those who have developed a tolerance to every other type of opiate or opioid, meaning that those being given access to fentanyl legally are often the same people who have misused and developed tolerances to other safer pain medication. (clearpathintervention.com)
Synthetic opioids1
Multiple doses2
High doses2
  • At high doses, the drug may act on the fetus to cause postnatal respiratory distress. (wikipedia.org)
  • When taken in high doses or combined with other drugs, fentanyl can slow down or stop breathing, leading to hypoxia (lack of oxygen) and death. (welevelup.com)
Nasal spray1
  • Naloxone can be administered by injection or nasal spray. (welevelup.com)
Opioids3
  • Opioids are considered important analgesics in the treatment armamentarium for moderate-to-severe background cancer pain. (jnccn.org)
  • The accumulated evidence shows that transmucosal fentanyl formulations provide a rapid effect on BTPc, with adverse events typical of opioids. (jnccn.org)
  • If you intentionally abuse fentanyl-laced heroin, cocaine , opioids, or even fentanyl, you need a good addiction treatment program. (clearpathintervention.com)
Heroin2
  • Fentanyl is often mixed, cut, or ingested alongside other drugs, including cocaine and heroin. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is much lower than the lethal dose of heroin, which can range from 30 mg to 500 mg. (welevelup.com)
Citrate1
  • Fentanyl is also commonly known as fentanyl citrate and is sold under the brand name Sublimaze, among others. (wikipedia.org)
Intravenous1
Onset2
  • 3 , 7 , 8 This approach, however, may not offer the optimal speed of onset and short duration to match the rapid nature of a BTPc episode. (jnccn.org)
  • The almost immediate onset of fentanyl reduces visceral discomfort and even nausea during the procedure. (wikipedia.org)
Therapies2
  • This article describes the randomized controlled trials that have led to the support of the use of transmucosal fentanyl therapies for BTPc, starting in 1999 with OTFC formulations through to the end of 2011. (jnccn.org)
  • Identifying the optimal pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment options (refer to the Pharmacologic Therapies for Pain Control section of this summary for more information), including referrals to specialists, if needed. (tri-kobe.org)
Potent2
  • Because fentanyl is 50 to 100 times more potent than morphine, its primary clinical utility is in pain management for cancer patients and those recovering from painful surgical operations. (wikipedia.org)
  • The drug is much more potent and addictive than opiate-based medications deriving naturally from the poppy plant. (clearpathintervention.com)
Fatal1
  • However, a general estimate is that 2 milligrams (mg) of fentanyl can be fatal for most people. (welevelup.com)
Addiction6
Morphine3
  • 10 - 13 Instead of morphine, all of the included studies 10 - 13 in the Cochrane review related to the use of OTFC, the first transmucosal drug formulation developed as a fentanyl-impregnated lozenge-on-a-stick. (jnccn.org)
  • 15 The 4 randomized controlled studies in the analysis included a total of 393 participants and compared reductions in pain intensity and changes in patient global performance scores between different doses of OTFC to either placebo or the active comparator, morphine. (jnccn.org)
  • 1 Two of the studies assessed effective dosing of OTFC, 11 , 12 another tested OTFC against placebo, 13 whereas the last study compared OTFC with oral immediate-release morphine sulfate. (jnccn.org)
Potency3
  • Fentanyl's ease of manufacture and high potency makes it easier to produce and smuggle, resulting in fentanyl replacing other abused narcotics and becoming more widely used. (wikipedia.org)
  • The lethal dose of fentanyl depends on several factors, such as the person's body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and the purity and potency of the drug. (welevelup.com)
  • Despite the potency of pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical fentanyl, users still abuse it and become addicted to it. (clearpathintervention.com)
Widely2
  • It is widely used in obstetrical anesthesia because of its short time to action peak (about 5 minutes), the rapid termination of its effect after a single dose, and the occurrence of relative cardiovascular stability. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pharmaceutical-grade fentanyl has been widely used in hospitals for years to block pain during surgical procedures and to treat chronic pain. (clearpathintervention.com)
Patient1
Mimicking pharmaceutical1
  • Fentanyl has been reported in pill form, including pills mimicking pharmaceutical drugs such as oxycodone. (wikipedia.org)
Drugs2
  • If someone is using illicit drugs, they should test their drugs with fentanyl test strips before using them. (welevelup.com)
  • The other issue with the fentanyl invasion is that the drug is being inadvertently consumed by those addicted to or abusing more mainstream drugs. (clearpathintervention.com)
Commonly2
  • in 2019, it was the 278th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than a million prescriptions. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 3 ] Pain is commonly experienced by cancer patients. (tri-kobe.org)
Chronic pain1
  • Breakthrough pain in cancer (BTPc) is characterized by intense flares of pain of short duration over a background of controlled chronic pain. (jnccn.org)
Acute2
  • Not for use in the management of acute or postoperative pain, including headache/migraine, dental pain, or in the emergency room. (nih.gov)
  • Is the pain acute or chronic? (tri-kobe.org)
Closely2
  • Monitor closely, especially upon initiation or following a dose increase. (nih.gov)
  • In obstetrics, the dose must be closely regulated in order to prevent large amounts of transfer from mother to fetus. (wikipedia.org)
Intervention1
  • Complex pain often requires multidimensional interdisciplinary evaluation and intervention. (tri-kobe.org)
Patients2
  • Pain is one of the most common symptoms in cancer patients and often has a negative impact on patients' functional status and quality of life. (tri-kobe.org)
  • Providing proper education about treatment, including medication administration, expected side effects and associated treatments, and when patients can expect improvement. (tri-kobe.org)
Assessment1
  • Refer to the Pain Assessment section of this summary for more information. (tri-kobe.org)
Management2
  • This course is designed for physicians, physician assistants, nurses, social workers, and other members of the healthcare team seeking to enhance their knowledge of pain management. (netce.com)
  • The goal of the following summary is to provide evidence-based, up-to-date, and practical information on the management of cancer pain. (tri-kobe.org)
Significantly1
  • Proper characterization of the pain to identify underlying pathophysiology, which could significantly influence treatment options. (tri-kobe.org)
Prescription1
Team1
  • Because pain is frequently encountered in the palliative and hospice care environments, a knowledge of appropriate diagnosis and alleviation is vital to all members of the interdisciplinary team. (netce.com)
Administration1
Previous1
Requires1
  • Determining whether the pain requires pharmacologic and/or other modalities of treatment. (tri-kobe.org)
Amount1
  • For pain relief after surgery, use can decrease the amount of inhalational anesthetic needed for emergence from anesthesia. (wikipedia.org)
Treatment1
  • This PDQ cancer information summary for health professionals provides comprehensive, peer-reviewed, evidence-based information about the pathophysiology and treatment of pain. (tri-kobe.org)
Control1
  • Predictive factors for pain control (e.g., psychological distress). (tri-kobe.org)
Ensure1
  • Regular screening to ensure that the patient's pain is recognized early. (tri-kobe.org)