MedicareHospitalistsPhysiciansMedical Staff, HospitalPsychoneuroimmunologyHospital Bed Capacity, 300 to 499NursesCenters for Medicare and Medicaid Services (U.S.)Surgical Procedures, OperativeWorkplaceMedicare Part BGermanyQuestionnairesMedicare Part AUnited StatesPhysician's Practice PatternsNursing Staff, HospitalPhysicians, FamilyPhysicians, Primary CareNurse PractitionersPhysician's RoleHospitals, TeachingSurgery Department, HospitalFee-for-Service PlansHospitals, UniversityPostoperative ComplicationsHospital CostsEconomics, HospitalHospitals, GeneralRetrospective StudiesLength of StayPerioperative CareReimbursement MechanismsAttitude of Health PersonnelProspective StudiesInsurance, Pharmaceutical ServicesHealth Care SurveysQuality of Health CareHospitalizationInsurance Claim ReviewProspective Payment SystemRisk FactorsDiagnosis-Related GroupsIntensive Care UnitsPhysician AssistantsTime FactorsPhysicians, WomenHealth ExpendituresNurse AdministratorsNurse's Practice PatternsInsurance BenefitsHospitals, UrbanPreoperative CareHospital Bed CapacityFinancial Management, HospitalEmergency Service, HospitalHospitals, SpecialPhysician-Patient RelationsCross-Sectional StudiesHealth Services ResearchSurgical Procedures, ElectiveGeneral SurgeryCardiac Surgical ProceduresSpecializationData CollectionCritical IllnessMedicineLogistic ModelsMedicaidIntensive CareHospitals, PediatricClinical CompetenceCosts and Cost AnalysisOutcome Assessment (Health Care)Critical CareInpatientsCohort StudiesPatient DischargeAge FactorsPatient SatisfactionPrimary Health CareRisk AssessmentFee SchedulesPhysician Incentive PlansPhysicians' OfficesNurse-Patient RelationsManaged Care ProgramsInsurance CoverageHospitals, DistrictPatient AdmissionFamily PracticeFees, MedicalTreatment OutcomeRate Setting and ReviewMedicare Payment Advisory CommissionPatient ReadmissionHospital ChargesCost ControlHospitals, PrivatePhysician Impairment