• Expression of the Arabidopsis thaliana immune receptor EFR in Medicago truncatula reduces infection by a root pathogenic bacterium, but not nitrogen-fixing rhizobial symbiosis. (jic.ac.uk)
  • Our data suggest that the transfer of EFR to M. truncatula does not impede root nodule symbiosis, but has a positive impact on disease resistance against a bacterial pathogen. (jic.ac.uk)
  • The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana does not form either symbiosis, making M. truncatula an important tool for studying these processes. (wikipedia.org)
  • We have previously shown that genes involved in the legume root symbiosis are regulated at the level of their association with the translation machinery. (conicet.gov.ar)
  • The characterization of dynamic changes in the translatome of Medicago truncatula roots at early stages of the root nodule symbiosis led us to the identification of mRNAs that significantly increased or decreased their levels of association with polysomes, some of which play essential roles in nodulation (e.g., pectate lyase, SINA and NCR secreted peptides). (conicet.gov.ar)
  • These genes, most of which are constitutively expressed before and during symbiosis, constitute the common symbiosis signaling pathway (CSSP), which is also required for root nodule symbiosis (RNS). (frontiersin.org)
  • In silico analysis of the Medicago truncatula gene index release 8.0 at The Institute for Genomic Research identified about 530 putatively symbiosis-specific tentative consensus sequences (TCs) clustered from 2,700 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) derived solely from Sinorhizobium meliloti-inoculated root and nodule tissues. (usda.gov)
  • The coordinated expression of genes for organic acid and nitrogen metabolism is expected to play a vital role in the regulation of nitrogen assimilation during Medicago symbiosis. (usda.gov)
  • She investigated the role of the plant hormone Auxin in root nodule symbiosis while completing her doctoral degree at the John Innes Centre in Norwich, UK. (psu.edu)
  • Sonali continues pursuing her interests in regulatory molecules at the Tennessee State University in Nashville, TN where her lab studies peptide hormones with an emphasis on Nitrogen acquisition and root nodule symbiosis. (psu.edu)
  • The interaction of M. truncatula with the bacterial symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti is characterized by the formation of root nodules that fix atmospheric nitrogen. (jic.ac.uk)
  • Absence of Symbiotic Leghemoglobins Alters Bacteroid and Plant Cell Differentiation During Development of Lotus japonicus Root Nodules. (mpg.de)
  • Symbiotic nitrogen fixation by rhizobia takes place in specialized organs of legume host plants, the root nodules. (europa.eu)
  • Interestingly, soybean nodules elicited by a Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens mutant lacking the general stress response sigma factor σEcfG also formed ectopic roots (host's project), pointing to a bacteria-plant signalling system that is crucial for nodule persistence and integrity. (europa.eu)
  • Legumes have special nodules in their roots that are home to nitrogen-fixing rhizobial bacteria, the two having formed a symbiotic relationship. (natureasia.com)
  • Presence of particular rhizobia causes formation of a unique structure on legume roots called nodules in which the bacteria reside and convert or "fix" nitrogen gas into compounds that can be transferred to the plant. (usda.gov)
  • A computer comparison of thousands of genes expressed in nodules with genes expressed in roots identified 530 genes that potentially are expressed during the symbiotic interaction. (usda.gov)
  • Expression of these genes and others potentially involved in carbon and nitrogen metabolism was measured in roots, nodules producing nitrogen compounds, and nodules that were unable to fix nitrogen. (usda.gov)
  • The array was used to analyze transcript abundance of M. truncatula roots and nodules following inoculation by a wild-type S. meliloti strain, a mutant strain that forms ineffective nodules, an uninoculated root control as well as roots following nitrate or ammonium treatments. (usda.gov)
  • Genes for enzymes involved in organic acid synthesis (carbonic anhydrase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, malate dehydrogenase, and citrate synthase) along with genes involved in nitrogen metabolism (asparagine synthetase and glutamine synthetase) were co-expressed in effective nodules of M. truncatula. (usda.gov)
  • The TIP3s showed seed-specific expression while the NIP1s' expression was confined to roots and root nodules. (biomedcentral.com)
  • NIPs are homologous to GmNod26, an abundantly expressed transcript in the peribacteroid membrane of nitrogen-fixing nodules of soybean roots [ 13 ] and are mostly found in the plasma membrane. (biomedcentral.com)
  • So it's a model legume that we use in the lab to study nodule formation, and these nodules are formed in the roots, well on the roots, and they are globalist structure. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • Leguminous plants interacting with symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria (for example, the plant Medicago truncatula with the bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti ) develop new organs, called nodules, on their roots. (biomedcentral.com)
  • analyzed an expressed sequence tag (EST) database of the model legume M. truncatula and determined and characterized putative gene products or tentative consensus sequences (TCs) specifically expressed in root nodules. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Those included five libraries prepared from mRNA of M. truncatula root nodules at different developmental stages. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The expression level of all TCs was at least twofold higher in nodules compared to roots, and when compared to leaves, the expression level of as many as 72 of those TCs was at least twofold higher, supporting their assignment as nodule-specific. (biomedcentral.com)
  • determined a large collection of TCs that are specifically expressed in nodules of the model legume M. truncatula , and may, therefore, act in nodulation and/or nitrogen fixation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The latter are also produced by nitrogen-fixing rhizobia to induce nodules on leguminous roots. (bvsalud.org)
  • To test this in a direct reductionist approach, we transferred the Brassicaceae-specific PRR ELONGATION FACTOR-THERMO UNSTABLE RECEPTOR (EFR), conferring recognition of the bacterial EF-Tu protein, from Arabidopsis thaliana to the legume Medicago truncatula. (jic.ac.uk)
  • compared the change of root system architecture of Arabidopsis in homogeneous, heterogeneous provision of nitrate and phosphate, founded that the primary root length was decreased with increasing availability of nitrate, while increased with more supply of phosphate. (frontiersin.org)
  • Similar to Arabidopsis miRNAs, a large number of M. truncatula miRNAs that belong to the first group are deeply conserved. (biomedcentral.com)
  • GUS fusions to characterize promoters stemming from Arabidopsis, tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum ) or L. japonicus with respect to their expression in major cell types of the L. japonicus root differentiation zone, which shows molecular and morphological responses to symbiotic bacteria and fungi. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 11 promoters from Arabidopsis (10) or tomato (1) with enriched activity in major L. japonicus root and nodule cell types have been identified. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, we identified five genes to encode PSK-α precursors in M. truncatula . (techscience.com)
  • Expression pattern analysis of these MtPSK genes revealed that each gene was expressed in a tissue-specific or ubiquitous pattern and three of them were remarkably expressed in root. (techscience.com)
  • Here, we show that among 45 transcription factors up-regulated in mycorrhizal roots of the legume Lotus japonicus, expression of a unique GRAS protein particularly increases in arbuscule-containing cells under low phosphate conditions and displays a phylogenetic pattern characteristic of symbiotic genes. (uni-koeln.de)
  • They overexpressed two genes (MtPHY1 and MtPAP1 ) involved in phosphate production in legume Medicago truncatula . (isaaa.org)
  • Based on the root enzyme activity analyses, overexpression of any of the two genes could lead to increase in acid phosphatase activities. (isaaa.org)
  • Recently, NOOT BOP COCH LIKE (NBCL) genes of Medicago truncatula and Pisum sativum were found to ensure nodule integrity by repressing ectopic root formation (applicant's former project). (europa.eu)
  • Researchers have constructed a draft genome of Medicago truncatula , a model species for the study of legumes, which covers around 94% of its genes. (natureasia.com)
  • The researchers propose a way in which M. truncatula developed the ability to interact with the bacteria after the older genes were modified following the full genome duplication event. (natureasia.com)
  • The gene sequence also revealed that M. truncatula has a 764 nucleotide long binding site and leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) genes, which are genes that play a role in disease detection - more than any other plant sequenced. (natureasia.com)
  • The draft sequence of the genome of M. truncatula cultivar A17 was published in the journal Nature in 2011. (wikipedia.org)
  • The assembly of the genome sequence in M. truncatula was based on bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs). (wikipedia.org)
  • A parallel group known as the International Medicago Gene Annotation Group (IMGAG) is responsible for identifying and describing putative gene sequences within the genome sequence. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hello We have been using the Clontech EGFP from the vector N2-EGFP to make C-terminal fusions with a variety of plasmamembrane located proteins, followed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes transformation to produce transgenic roots of Medicago truncatula (a plant similar to alfalfa). (bio.net)
  • As in M. truncatula, the L. japonicus ram1 mutant lines show compromised AM colonization and stunted arbuscules. (uni-koeln.de)
  • Our goal in this experiment was to characterize the calcium and oxalate content in all the tissues of a mutant type of a plant called Medicago truncatula during its growth. (usda.gov)
  • We were interested in doing this because we noticed that this mutant has more calcium oxalate crystals than regular Medicago plants. (usda.gov)
  • In WP2, the nodule-to-root conversion characteristic for B. diazoefficiens ΔecfG mutants will be studied at the cellular level using root tip-specific reporter fusions. (europa.eu)
  • In WP3, a combination of metabolomics and transcriptomics will be applied to identify metabolites and gene networks involved in the nodule-to-root conversion elicited by ΔecfG and nbcl mutants. (europa.eu)
  • M. truncatula mutants deficient in symbiotic signaling did not show induction of MtHEXO2. (bvsalud.org)
  • The signal-transduction pathway that prepares the host plant root to the correct association with AM fungi is known as Common Symbiotic Signalling Pathway (CSSP). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Among soil microorganisms, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and bacterial Rhizobium can promote plant growth as well as control fungal diseases [ 2 ], suggesting that there is an interconnection of signaling pathways mediating root symbiotic and pathogenic interactions, and miRNAs are implicated in these biotic relationships. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Symbiotic signals are essential for the initial steps of interactions between legumes and both AM fungi and the root-nodule bacterium Rhizobium . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Root expression patterns are independent of infection with rhizobial bacteria, providing a stable read-out in the root section responsive to symbiotic bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We here compare the efficiency of three Fiji/ImageJ image analysis plugins in localizing and quantifying the increase in nuclear size - a hallmark of recursive events of endoreduplication - in M. truncatula roots colonized by the AM fungus Gigaspora margarita . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Researcher Toby Kiers of VU University Amsterdam and associates used M. truncatula to study symbioses between plants and fungi - and to see whether the partners in the relationship could distinguish between good and bad traders/suppliers. (wikipedia.org)
  • The co-colonization of the roots of legumes with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and the effects on P and Mn uptake are discussed. (intechopen.com)
  • 2001). Providinga direct physical link between soil and plant roots, the Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (Am) fungi are important rhizospheric microorganisms. (scialert.net)
  • It has been indicated that Am fungi can colonize plant roots in metal contaminated soil (Vogel-Mikus et al . (scialert.net)
  • Overlaps in the transcriptional profiles of Medicago truncatula roots inoculated with two different Glomus fungi provide insights into the genetic program activated during arbuscular mycorrhiza. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi interact with the roots of most land plants and help them to acquire various mineral resources from the soil, including potassium (K+). (ncsu.edu)
  • DNA-based characterization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with potato roots from the Andean region. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Carbon Metabolism and Bacteroid Functioning Are Involved in the Regulation of Nitrogen Fixation in Medicago truncatula Under Drought and Recovery. (mpg.de)
  • As a postdoctoral fellow at the Noble Research Institute, USA, she identified several peptide hormone families involved in macronutrient regulation of root and nodule development. (psu.edu)
  • We looked at these aspects in the plant's leaves, stems, roots and pods during various stages of growth. (usda.gov)
  • The leaves and seed pods of Medicago truncatula . (natureasia.com)
  • The results indicated that B. japonicum inoculation and phosphorus supplementation significantly improved the uptake of N, P, K, Mg, Ca and Na in different cowpea tissues such as roots, pods, shoots, and whole plant relative to the control. (scirp.org)
  • Medicago truncatula root nodule proteome analysis reveals differential plant and bacteroid responses to drought stress. (mpg.de)
  • Although nodule numbers were slightly reduced at an early stage of the infection in EFR-Medicago when compared to control lines, nodulation was similar in all lines at later stages. (jic.ac.uk)
  • Furthermore, our data show that cell divisions occur during initial stages of root colonization and are followed by recursive activation of the endocycle in preparation for arbuscule accommodation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In our study, we identified miRNAs in hops and their expression patterns in the roots of susceptible and resistant hop cultivars in the early stages of infection with the fungus V. nonalfalfae . (researchsquare.com)
  • Stages IB and II are auxin-independent, and continuous supplies of auxin to cuttings in these stages are inhibitory to adventitious rooting. (globalsciencebooks.info)
  • Laser microdissection unravels cell-type-specific transcription in arbuscular mycorrhizal roots, including CAAT-box transcription factor gene expression correlating with fungal contact and spread. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Constitutive EFR expression led to EFR accumulation and activation of immune responses upon treatment with the EF-Tu-derived elf18 peptide in leaves and roots. (jic.ac.uk)
  • Identification of transcription factors involved in root apex responses to salt stress in Medicago truncatula. (mpg.de)
  • These molecular events coordinate host responses across root cell layers during microbe invasion, ultimately triggering changes of root cell fates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Only root cap and epidermis are in direct contact with the rhizosphere, but plant responses to stimuli also involve internal cell types such as cortex, endodermis, pericycle and vasculature [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One of them is the closest homolog of Medicago truncatula, REDUCED ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZATION1 (RAM1), which was reported to regulate a glycerol-3-phosphate acyl transferase that promotes cutin biosynthesis to enhance hyphopodia formation. (uni-koeln.de)
  • Presymbiotic factors released by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Gigaspora margarita induce starch accumulation in Lotus japonicus roots. (mpg.de)
  • The Medicago truncatula Sequencing Consortium began in 2001 with a seed grant from the Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation. (wikipedia.org)
  • C. Tang, P. Hinsinger, J. J. Drevon and B. Jaillard, "Phosphorus Deficiency Impairs Early Nodule Functioning and Enhances Proton Release in Roots of Medicago truncatula L," Annals of Botany, Vol. 88, No. 1, 2001, pp. 131-138. (scirp.org)
  • For example, maize ( Zea mays ) plants with few but long lateral roots usually have greater N acquisition than that with many but short lateral roots, because of deeper rooting and greater axial root elongation ( Zhan and Lynch, 2015 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Additionally, the two crops had different root regulatory mechanisms of microRNAs (miRNAs) to N deficiency. (frontiersin.org)
  • Comprehensive profiling of microRNAs (miRNAs) from the legume Medicago truncatula reveals the organization of miRNA-based regulatory modules in root biotic interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Up to now the synchronized cell cultures were developed for alfalfa ( Medicago sativa) and they served as a valuable tool for the identification and understanding of key regulators of the cell cycle. (agrojournal.org)
  • How do plant roots find the quickest way down? (cornell.edu)
  • Establishment and maintenance of mutualistic plant-microbial interactions in the rhizosphere and within plant roots involve several root cell types. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Plant roots are dynamic structures involved in diverse developmental and physiological processes [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Root architectural, morphological phenes, and phene aggregates affect the utilization of soil resource ( York and Lynch, 2015 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Soil microorganisms have been shown to possess several mechanisms capable of altering metal bioavailability for uptake into roots. (scialert.net)
  • Most plants grow towards the light, but roots have to grow down into the soil to find water and nutrients. (cornell.edu)
  • Plants generate root systems with complex architectures to acquire water and nutrients and to interact with various soil microorganisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The plant in turn plays an active role in regulating its root community, including sanctioning low nitrogen efficiency rhizobial strains, leading to nodule senescence in particular plant-soil-rhizobia strain combinations. (bvsalud.org)
  • Calcium and EGTA application led to oxidative stress alleviation as evidenced by H 2 O 2 content decrease and the restoration of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities at a level similar to control roots. (springer.com)
  • The results showed a 7-fold increased expression of GPGR5 in leaf tissue in salt stress and almost no induction of transcription in root and stem tissues in salt stress. (tubitak.gov.tr)
  • these miRNAs inhibited the total root growth but promoted the seminal roots growth and lateral root formation to tolerate N deficiency. (frontiersin.org)
  • In conclusion, N deficiency significantly affected the morpho-physiological characteristics of roots that were regulated by miRNAs, but the miRNA-mediated mechanisms were different in wheat and cotton. (frontiersin.org)
  • Activity of this enzyme in roots and shoots of mycorrhizal plantshigher than non-mycorrhizal plants. (scialert.net)
  • Here, we analyzed the expression of a ß-N-acetylhexosaminidase gene of Medicago truncatula (MtHEXO2) and biochemically characterized the enzyme. (bvsalud.org)
  • Altogether, results of this project will provide insight into determinants and mechanisms used by the economically important group of soybean plants to maintain the integrity of specialized, root-derived organs, an aspect that is relevant also in the light of ongoing attempts to engineer non-legumes into rhizobial hosts. (europa.eu)
  • The present study opens up possibility to investigate gene of interest that are involved in Medicago truncatula cell cycle progression. (agrojournal.org)
  • The progression of legume root interactions with rhizobial bacteria has been addressed in numerous studies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Identification of potential early regulators of aphid resistance in Medicago truncatula via transcription factor expression profiling. (mpg.de)
  • The expression profile was studied in different plant tissues (stem, leaf, and root) under the abiotic stresses salt, drought, and cold. (tubitak.gov.tr)
  • To this end, we aimed to identify promoters exhibiting cell type enriched expression in roots of the model legume Lotus japonicus , as no comprehensive set of such promoters usable in legume roots is available to date. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Out of 24 tested promoters, 11 showed cell type enriched activity in L. japonicus roots. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Root endosphere emerged as the plant microhabitat more affected by this rhizobial efficiency-driven community reshaping, manifested by the accumulation of members of the phylum Actinobacteria. (bvsalud.org)
  • In addition, root mycorrhizal associations have been shown to affect the rate of metal uptake. (scialert.net)
  • They can increase plant uptake of nutrients especially relatively immobile elements such as P, Zn and Cu (Ryan and Angus, 2003) and consequently, they increase root and shoot biomass and improve plant growth. (scialert.net)
  • The results also indicated that there was a significant interaction of B. japonicum and phosphorus on the uptake of sodium in the roots and whole cowpea plant in the screen house. (scirp.org)
  • Antioxidant enzymes activity, Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX) and Guaiacol Peroxidase (GPX) and Root Length Colonization (RLC) percentage in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants were measured. (scialert.net)
  • APX activity in mycorrhizal shoots increased but there was no significant correspondent increase in roots of these plants. (scialert.net)
  • Plants were watered with sufficient K+ or K+-free nutrient solutions, and shoot and root biomass, fungal colonization, and K+ and Cs+ concentrations were recorded seven weeks after inoculation. (ncsu.edu)
  • In conclusion, our results indicate 3D Object Counter as the best performing Fiji/ImageJ image analysis script in plant root thick sections and its application highlighted endoreduplication as a major feature of the AM pre-penetration response in root cortical cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Giulia works with the model legume plant Medicago truncatula to investigate the role of calcium signalling in root endosymbiosis. (jic.ac.uk)
  • Carol RJ, Dolan L (2006) The role of reactive oxygen species in cell growth: lessons from root hairs. (springer.com)
  • Medium pH ranging between 5.5 and 6.5 is ideal for rooting of most horticultural crops, although cuttings of some species prefer lower or higher pH. (globalsciencebooks.info)
  • Medicago truncatula, the barrelclover, strong-spined medick, barrel medic, or barrel medick, is a small annual legume native to the Mediterranean region that is used in genomic research. (wikipedia.org)
  • Roots grow from an apical meristem at the tip and can be divided into developmental zones along their longitudinal axis [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although N deficiency did not significantly impact the root biomass, an obvious change on the root morphological traits was observed in both wheat and cotton. (frontiersin.org)
  • Thus, a low pH medium allows greater accumulation and metabolism of auxin into plant cells in the base of cuttings, thereby increasing rooting performance. (globalsciencebooks.info)
  • During the cold winter season, tulip roots absorb nitrate and ammonium and a high accumulation of N (glutamine) occurs in part of the root in direct contact with N. 4-methyleneglutamine may be a temporary N storage compound in leaves, stems and roots after sprouting. (globalsciencebooks.info)
  • Estimation of root length colonizatinon by gridline intersect method, increase in Cu concentration, colonization percentage decreased significantly. (scialert.net)
  • performed polymorphism analyses in 26 ecotypes of M. truncatula . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Among many physiological and cultural factors affecting rooting of cuttings, the role of pH in the medium is one of the least understood of variables. (globalsciencebooks.info)
  • Importantly, the M. truncatula lines expressing EFR were substantially more resistant to the root bacterial pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. (jic.ac.uk)
  • The M. truncatula EST database used in this study contained 140,000 sequence entries from 30 non-normalized cDNA libraries representing a set of vegetative and reproductive organs. (biomedcentral.com)