Mediate th17 cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

Th17 cells infiltrate massively to the inflamed tissue of IBD patients and both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that Th17-related cytokines may initiate and amplify multiple pro-inflammatory pathways. (wikipedia.org)
Nonetheless, Th17 signature cytokines, such as IL-17A and IL-22, may target gut epithelial cells and promote the activation of regulatory pathways and confer protection in the gastrointestinal tract. (wikipedia.org)
Their function depends on T cell receptor (TCR) signaling and cytokines that activate signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). (autophagy.center)
Such increased disease activity in IDO-deficient mice correlated early with increased production of the proinflammatory cytokines interferon-gamma and interleukin-17 by lymph node T cells and later with increased infiltration of Th1 and Th17 cells in the inflamed joints. (ox.ac.uk)
The atherosclerotic process is accelerated by a myriad of factors, such as the release of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), growth factors, and the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. (hindawi.com)
Finally, a number of biologics that target CD4 + T cell differentiation into inflammatory subsets or their byproducts (i.e., cytokines) have shown efficacy in treating patients with IBD ( 5 - 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
Given the importance of CD4 + Th cells in the disease process, this review will focus on how Th cells differentiate in the inflamed intestinal tract during IBD and how the Th lineage-specific cytokines and transcription factors (TFs) contribute to disease. (frontiersin.org)
Interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23, cytokines induced during early stages of IBD, play important roles in differentiation of interferon (IFN)-γ/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-producing Th1 cells as well as IL-17-producing Th17 cells. (frontiersin.org)
Next, we summarize various cytokines produced by adipocytes that regulate the survival, activation and differentiation of B cells. (frontiersin.org)
Acute inflammation is immediately followed by resolution and tissue repair mediated through specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) and type 2 cytokines and cells including M2 macrophages and Th2 lymphocytes. (cdc.gov)
To perform this function, DC are capable of capturing antigens, processing them, and presenting them on the cell surface complexed to major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules, for example, human leukocyte antigen- (HLA-) DR. Along with that, context-dependent expression of costimulatory molecules, such as CD80 and CD86, and secretion of cytokines occurs. (hindawi.com)
8 IL-23 promotes the survival of Th-17 T cells, which produce pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-17 that are crucial for Th-17-mediated PsA. (the-scientist.com)
Further studies in immunological function of these cytokines will provide enhanced insights on their role in mediating innate immunity in avian species. (usda.gov)
Les IgIV intéragissent avec de nombreux composants du système immunitaire comme les récepteurs Fc, le complément, les cytokines, les lymphocytes T et B, les cellules dendritiques, les granulocytes et les cellules NK, ce qui explique en partie leurs effets anti-inflammatoires. (academie-medecine.fr)
2 The interaction of IVIG with a large number of components of the immune system including Fc receptors, complement molecules, cytokines, B and T lymphocytes, neutrophils and NK cells, may explain at least in part their anti-inflammatory effects. (academie-medecine.fr)
In conditions such as like ITP that is autoantibody-mediated, IVIG Fc fragmentmediated competitive blockade of activating FcγR might inhibit: binding of opsonized antigens, induction of effector functions and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by macrophages, and degranulation of granulocytes [1, 12]. (academie-medecine.fr)
Effector CD4 + T cell subsets have been defined based on their secretion of cytokines, as well as based on transcription factors and cytokines required for their development and maintenance. (jci.org)
Real-time PCR and ELISA was used to assess the status of Tregs and Th17 related transcription factors and cytokines in mRNA and protein level, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
Increased Th17 cytokines (IL-21, IL-17 and IL-23) level in these patients has led to neutrophil rich inflammation in uterus and consequent embryo growth inhibition and abortion [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Pharmacological blockade of CD36 in Treg from subjects with prediabetes decreased Teff production of the Th17 cytokines that differentiate overall prediabetes inflammation. (diabetesjournals.org)
During the process of airway inflammation, complex interactions of innate and adaptive immune cells as well as structural cells and their cytokines have many important roles. (cdc.gov)
T helper (Th) 2 cells, which recruit and accumulate in the lungs and produce a range of different effector cytokines. (cdc.gov)
However, more recent studies have revealed the potential collaboration of other helper T cells and their cytokines in this process. (cdc.gov)
The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about the possible roles of newly identified helper T cells derived cytokines (IL-9, 17, 22, 25 and IL-33) in asthma. (cdc.gov)
In one study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 6 of 7 patients with EMS and other functional somatic syndromes, when incubated with peak E, produced type II (profibrotic) cytokines (compared with 3 of 24 controls). (medscape.com)
At infection sites, activated T cells secrete cytokines (eg, interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma]) that induce production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, preventing macrophages from leaving. (msdmanuals.com)

Human TH17 cells have been shown to efficiently transmigrate across the blood-brain barrier in multiple sclerosis lesions, promoting central nervous system inflammation. (wikipedia.org)
Th17 cells is also strongly associated rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic disorder with symptoms include chronic joint inflammation, autoantibody production, which lead to the destruction of cartilage and bone. (wikipedia.org)
In this study, we determined the effects of keratinocytes on mast cell accumulation during Th17-mediated skin inflammation. (ewha.ac.kr)
Here, we show that abolishing STIM1 and Ca2+ influx in T cells expressing a hyperactive form of STAT3 (STAT3C) attenuates pathogenic Th17 cell function and inflammation associated with STAT3C expression. (autophagy.center)
Our findings establish Ca2+ influx as a critical regulator of mitochondrial function and oxidative stress in pathogenic Th17 cell-mediated multiorgan inflammation. (autophagy.center)
CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that the induction of IDO controls the accumulation of Th1 and Th17 pathogenic T cells at the site of inflammation during collagen-induced arthritis. (ox.ac.uk)
IL-1β mediates chronic intestinal inflammation by promoting the accumulation of IL-17A secreting innate lymphoid cells and CD4(+) Th17 cells. (ox.ac.uk)
We show that IL-1β promotes innate immune pathology in Helicobacter hepaticus-triggered intestinal inflammation by augmenting the recruitment of granulocytes and the accumulation and activation of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). (ox.ac.uk)
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterized by wasting and chronic intestinal inflammation triggered by various cytokine-mediated pathways. (mdpi.com)
Many subsets of CD4 + T cells have been identified as players in perpetuating chronic intestinal inflammation. (frontiersin.org)
Inflammatory bowel disease is a complex set of diseases that includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), each with multiple bacterial, immune, and non-immune cell types contributing to inflammation. (frontiersin.org)
TH17 cells produce IL-17, IL-21, and IL-22 to help fight extracellular pathogens, to produce antimicrobial peptides, and to promote neutrophil inflammation essential for immunity at the skin and mucosal surfaces. (medscape.com)
Polarization of immune cells is commonly observed in host responses associated with microbial immunity, inflammation, tumorigenesis, and tissue repair and fibrosis. (cdc.gov)
Accumulating evidence indicates that inhalation of micro- and nano-sized particulates activates barrier immune programs in the lung in a time- and context-dependent manner, including type 1 and type 2 inflammation, and T helper (Th) 17 cell, regulatory T cell (Treg), innate lymphoid cell (ILC), and myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) responses, which highlight the polarization of several major immune cell types. (cdc.gov)
The pulmonary response to insoluble particulates thus represents a distinctive disease process wherein non-infectious, persistent exposures stimulate the polarization of immune cells to orchestrate dynamic inflammatory and immune reactions, leading to pulmonary and pleural chronic inflammation, fibrosis, andmalignancy. (cdc.gov)
This review synopsizes the progress in understanding the interplay between inhaled particles and the pulmonary immune functions in disease pathogenesis, with focus on particle-induced polarization of immune cells and its role in the development of chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer in the lung. (cdc.gov)
DC are professional antigen-presenting cells with the unique capacity to polarize the differentiation of T cells, thereby regulating the balance between inflammation and tolerance [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease, characterized by inflammation causing joint pain, stiffness and swelling,[2] that affects approximately 10 million people globally. (koreanewswire.co.kr)
Removing bacteria by tooth-brushing and dental care controls inflammation, but not permanently, suggesting there are other factors at play," said NIDCR clinical investigator and senior author Niki Moutsopoulos, DDS, PhD. "Our results suggest that immune cells known as T helper 17 (Th17) cells are drivers of this process, providing the link between oral bacteria and inflammation. (dentistrytoday.com)
RNA analysis showed the Th17-blocking drug led to reduced expression of genes involved in inflammation, tissue destruction, and bone loss, suggesting that Th17 cells may mediate these processes in periodontitis. (dentistrytoday.com)
In this specific case, inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation impeded the emergence of autoreactive, pathogenic Th17 cells and instead promoted the generation of Treg that can suppress chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. (uab.edu)
Chronic inflammation mediates tumourigenesis, including cellular survival, proliferation, migration, angiogenesis and metastasis via cytokine mediated signalling pathways. (researchsquare.com)
These findings emphasize the role of IL-17 in mediating neutrophil-driven pulmonary inflammation and highlight a new mouse model that may be used for the development of novel therapies targeting Th17 cells in asthma and other chronic pulmonary diseases. (elsevierpure.com)
Interleukin (IL)-9-producing subset called Th9 cell, Th22 cells which primarily secrete IL-22, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor- and Th25 cells via producing IL-25 are believed to be important for initiating allergic reactions and developing airway inflammation. (cdc.gov)
Atrophic gastritis is a histopathologic entity characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa with loss of gastric glandular cells and replacement by intestinal-type epithelium, pyloric-type glands, and fibrous tissue. (medscape.com)

Weighing In On Autoimmune Disease: 'Hub-and-spoke' T cell traffic in autoimmunity. (stanford.edu)
It also enhances the development of Th17 mediated autoimmunity and tumor progression. (rndsystems.com)
Therefore, our study suggests that the STAT1 pathway can be manipulated to limit autoreactive T cells during autoimmunity directed against the CNS. (jci.org)
A group of studies have also indicated a correlation between thyroid autoimmunity and increased Th17 and decreased Tregs cells frequency [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Harrington says her study "found that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is important for the differentiation of pathogenic, autoreactive Th17 effector CD4 T cells and that inhibition of this pathway suppressed Th17 development and Th17 mediated autoimmunity. (uab.edu)
Atrophy of the gastric mucosa is the endpoint of chronic processes, such as chronic gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori infection, other unidentified environmental factors, and autoimmunity directed against gastric glandular cells. (medscape.com)

It has been reported that serum IL-17 levels are also elevated in SLE patients compared to controls and the Th17 pathway has been shown to drive autoimmune responses in pre-clinical mouse models of lupus. (wikipedia.org)
Although mast cells are traditionally thought to function as effector cells in allergic responses, they have increasingly been recognized as important regulators of various immune responses. (ewha.ac.kr)
Furthermore, we show that IL-1β promotes Th17 responses from CD4(+) T cells and ILCs in the intestine, and we describe synergistic interactions between IL-1β and IL-23 signals that sustain innate and adaptive inflammatory responses in the gut. (ox.ac.uk)
In addition to immune defects that affect IgE synthesis, defects of cell-mediated immunity have also been reported, consistent with impaired TH 1 responses. (medscape.com)
CD4 + T cells are key in mediating the host protective and homeostatic responses. (frontiersin.org)
These cells primarily produce interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) that, respectively, activate macrophages and direct cytotoxic CD8 + T cell responses, that in turn promote elimination of intracellular pathogens such as viruses and bacteria ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
[ 57 ] Memory T-cells rapidly differentiate into effector T-cells in secondary immune responses. (medscape.com)
CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg cells are essential in peripheral tolerance and serve to suppress dysregulated immune responses. (medscape.com)
Nevertheless, many intriguing questions remain to be answered regarding the regulation of Th17-mediated responses as well as their interactions with the other T-cell subsets. (nih.gov)
Furthermore, the role of pathogens and pathogen-derived molecules in influencing effector T-cell polarization needs to be re-evaluated in the light of the differentiation conditions that favor Th17 T-cell responses. (nih.gov)
Recent studies also reveal the involvement of Th17-, Treg-, ILC-, and MDSC-mediated responses in the pathogenesis caused by inhaled particulates. (cdc.gov)
It also stimulates the production of IFN-γ in NK cells, induces IL-17 production, and drives Th17-mediated responses. (peprotech.com)
Here, we show that the modular transcriptional signature in the blood of susceptible mice infected with a clinical isolate of M. tuberculosis resembles that of active human TB disease, with dominance of a type I interferon response and neutrophil activation and recruitment, together with a loss in B lymphocyte, natural killer and T cell effector responses. (imperial.ac.uk)
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which serves as an animal model of MS, is also induced by the activation of myelin reactive CD4 + T cells and their subsequent migration in the CNS, where they mediate inflammatory responses, resulting in demyelination and neurodegeneration. (jci.org)
These cells express many of the same genes expressed in brain cells-potentially providing a window into genetically influenced differences in molecular responses to sex hormones. (nih.gov)
Th17 cells are associated with the induction of numerous diseases, whereas Treg cells are known to inhibit and dampen inflammatory responses. (uab.edu)
Conclusions These findings emphasize using biologically relevant immune modifiers, like Th17-DC vaccines, in OC treatment to reshape the tumor microenvironment and enhance clinical responses to ICB therapy. (bmj.com)
Although some antigens (Ags) can stimulate the immune response directly, T cell-dependent acquired immune responses typically require antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to present antigen-derived peptides within major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
Therefore, murine airway CD8 + T cell-responses to aspiration of Aspergillus conidia may be mediated in part by the ability of conidia to germinate in the host lung tissue. (cdc.gov)

and an increased number of Treg cells in draining lymph nodes. (nih.gov)
Vitamin A supplement after neonatal S. pneumoniae pneumonia significantly promoted Foxp3 + Treg and Th1 productions, decreased Th2 and Th17 cells expressions, alleviated airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammatory cells infiltration during AAD. (nature.com)
CD4+ T-cells are subdivided into classes: effector T-cells (TH1, TH2, TH17 cells), memory T-cells, and T-regulatory (Treg) cells. (medscape.com)
IL-17-producing T cells have recently been classified as a new effector T-cell subset, termed Th17, which is distinct from Th1, Th2 and Treg subsets. (nih.gov)
Regulatory T cells (Treg) control mitochondrial function and cytokine production by CD4 + effector T cells (Teff) in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes by supporting T helper (Th)17 or Th1 cytokine production, respectively. (diabetesjournals.org)
We conclude that Treg control CD4 + T cell cytokine profiles through mechanisms determined, at least in part, by host metabolic status. (diabetesjournals.org)
Furthermore, Treg CD36 uniquely promotes Th17 cytokine production by Teff in prediabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
Importantly, blockade of oxidative phosphorylation led to the emergence of Foxp3+ regulatory CD4 T (Treg) cells. (uab.edu)
Honestly, the whole study was based on the unexpected finding that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is essential early for promoting Th17 cell differentiation and suppressing the emergence of regulatory CD4 T (Treg) cells. (uab.edu)
We never would have predicted that result given the dogma in the literature states Th17 cells require glycolysis and Treg utilize oxidative phosphorylation to function. (uab.edu)
I think when my student repeated the principle finding that inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation blocked Th17 differentiation and promoted the emergence of Foxp3+ Treg cells more than five times. (uab.edu)

This disease and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) have historically been associated with the discovery of Th17 cells. (wikipedia.org)
Pathogenic Th17 cells play important roles in many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. (autophagy.center)
Adipocytes are involved in adaptive immunity to mediate the pathological processes of a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases and autoimmune syndromes. (frontiersin.org)
Adaptive immunity mediates the pathological processes of a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmune syndromes and cancers. (frontiersin.org)
5,7 These multi-level insights revealed markers, cells, and pathways that overlap between rheumatic disorders, offering the potential to develop therapeutics with efficacy against multiple rheumatic and other autoimmune diseases. (the-scientist.com)
The transcription factor STAT1 plays a critical role in modulating the differentiation of CD4 + T cells producing IL-17 and GM-CSF, which promote the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). The protective role of STAT1 in MS and EAE has been largely attributed to its ability to limit pathogenic Th cells and promote Tregs. (jci.org)
However, this effect is mediated independently of YAP and can ameliorate Th17‐mediated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) upon in vivo administration. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Recent studies demonstrated that, in mice, activated IL-17-secreting CD4 + helper T cells (Th17 cells) mediate an autoimmune arthritis that clinically and immunologically resembles rheumatoid arthritis (RA). (biolegend.com)
Modifying the fate of CD4+ T-cells to transition from either inflammatory T cells or regulatory T cells is extremely relevant to inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. (uab.edu)
This study demonstrates that manipulating metabolic pathways in CD4 T cells can alter the functional properties of the cells, which is key for solving chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. (uab.edu)
In this particular study, we focused on a mouse model of the human autoimmune disorder Multiple Sclerosis, however, we think that these findings are applicable to other T cell mediated disorders such as Rheumatoid Arthritis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. (uab.edu)
Individuals with autoimmune gastritis may develop pernicious anemia because of extensive loss of parietal cell mass and anti-intrinsic factor antibodies. (medscape.com)
This may play a role in the increased prevalence of Th2-mediated autoimmune disorders in women. (medscape.com)

Stange, J. & Veldhoen, M. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor in innate T cell immunity. (nature.com)
Type IV reactions (i.e., delayed hypersensitivity reactions, cell-mediated immunity) are mediated by T cells rather than by antibodies. (medscape.com)
The adaptive immune response consists of T cell-mediated cellular immunity and B cell-mediated humoral immunity. (frontiersin.org)
Therefore, adipocytes play an important role in B cell-mediated adaptive immunity. (frontiersin.org)
This review describes how adipocytes participate in adaptive immunity from the perspective of T cells and B cells, and discusses their role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. (frontiersin.org)
There are two main mechanisms in the adaptive immune system-humoral immunity and cellular immunity, which are mediated by antibodies and cells respectively. (frontiersin.org)
The T and B cells are the major components of adaptive immunity. (frontiersin.org)
Recent evidence also suggests involvement of innate immunity, including dendritic cells (DC), in the initiation and maintenance as well as progression of MS [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
Spatial distribution of LTi-like cells in intestinal mucosa regulates type 3 innate immunity. (stanford.edu)

The translational aspect of our studies is pinpointing a new approach to blocking the tissue destruction we see in periodontitis by inhibiting Th17 development. (dentistrytoday.com)

Clinical scores, histopathologic severity, macrophage apoptosis and depletion, and T cell subset development were evaluated. (nih.gov)
Furthermore, we showed that Th17 cells, a subset of RANKL-expressing CD4 + T cells, could induce rapid N-to-R conversion of mature osteoclasts via cell-cell contact. (jci.org)
Over the last few decades, understanding of how each subset of Th cells plays a role has dramatically increased. (frontiersin.org)
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stored, and a subset of samples were thawed and resuspended in 200 uL phosphate-buffered saline. (cdc.gov)
Th17 cells are a proinflammatory subset of effector T cells that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma. (elsevierpure.com)

They found that eliminating oral microbes prevented expansion of Th17 cells in the gums of mice with periodontitis while leaving other immune cells unaffected, suggesting that an unhealthy bacterial population triggers Th17 cell accumulation. (dentistrytoday.com)
We have found that STAT3 hyperactivity in T lymphocytes causes an expansion of Th17 cells, which home preferentially to the lungs. (elsevierpure.com)

IL-17A producing T helper cells (Th17 cells) are a distinct lineage from the Th1 and Th2 CD4+ lineages and the differentiation of Th17 cells requires STAT3 and RORC. (wikipedia.org)
TGF-β, IL-6, and IL-23 promote the differentiation of Th17 cells. (jci.org)

However, there are a number of lines of evidence that suggest that CD4 + T helper cells are major initiators in the disease process. (frontiersin.org)
T helper cells recognize antigen presented in the context of major histocompatibility complex II on antigen-presenting cells in a T cell receptor-dependent fashion (not shown). (frontiersin.org)

Th17 cells and IL-17 have also been linked to Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), the two main forms of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). (wikipedia.org)

Using mice with selective deletion of STAT1 in T cells (STAT1 CD4-Cre ), we identified a potentially novel mechanism by which STAT1 regulates neuroinflammation independently of Foxp3 + Tregs. (jci.org)
She and her team found that early exposure of CD4+ T-cells to oligomycin imprinted the Foxp3 fate decision when they were exposed to Th17-polarizing conditions. (uab.edu)

GWAS have identified multiple susceptibility loci related to the IL-17/IL-23 axis-a pro-inflammatory pathway driven by Th-17 T cells. (the-scientist.com)
The IL-21-TET2-AIM2-c-MAF pathway drives the T follicular helper cell response in lupus-like disease. (peprotech.com)

Lymphocytes including CD4+, CD8+, gamma-delta T (γδ-T), invariant NKT and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are primary sources of IL-17A. (wikipedia.org)

However, the effects of keratinocytes on mast cells were significantly diminished in the presence of anti−CD117 (stem cell factor receptor) blocking antibodies. (ewha.ac.kr)
In these studies, CD4 + T cell-depleting and blocking antibodies caused remission from disease in a number of CD and UC patients examined, suggesting a prominent role of CD4 + T cells in propagating disease ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
Type II reactions (i.e., cytotoxic hypersensitivity reactions) involve immunoglobulin G or immunoglobulin M antibodies bound to cell surface antigens, with subsequent complement fixation. (medscape.com)
Immediate hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by IgE, and T and B cells play important roles in the development of these antibodies. (medscape.com)
FcRn expressed in endosomal compartment of intestinal epithelium, vascular endothelium and macrophages regulates the serum IgG levels by binding to the pinocytosed antibodies and recirculating them to cell surface without intracellular degradation. (academie-medecine.fr)
This study aimed to analyze the association of Tregs and Th17 cells development factors and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies in RPL patients. (biomedcentral.com)

Hayday, A.C. γδ T cells and the lymphoid stress-surveillance response. (nature.com)
The transcription factor HIF-1α mediates plasticity of NKp46+ innate lymphoid cells in the gut. (peprotech.com)
Here, we characterized the whole-genome distribution of methyl-CpG and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in mouse innate lymphoid cell 3 (ILC3), ILC2 and natural killer (NK) cells. (stanford.edu)
they have receptors for the crystallizable fragment (Fc) region of immunoglobulin (Ig) G and for complement, which enable them to bind with immune complexes and present the complex to B cells in germinal centers of secondary lymphoid organs. (msdmanuals.com)

Several studies have shown that adipocytes highly express CD1d, which presents lipid antigens to invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and stimulates the activation of iNKT cells ( 5 - 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
Interestingly, the number of CD80 + pDC positively correlates with the presence of IL-10-producing regulatory type 1 cells (Tr1), an important cell type for maintaining peripheral tolerance to self-antigens. (hindawi.com)
Intracellular antigens (eg, viruses) can be processed and presented to CD8 cytotoxic T cells by any nucleated cell because all nucleated cells express class I MHC molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
Extracellular antigens (eg, from many bacteria) that are phagocytosed or endocytosed can be processed into peptides and complexed with surface class II MHC molecules on professional APCs, which specialize in presenting antigens to CD4 helper T (Th) cells. (msdmanuals.com)

In human/mouse DR5-transgenic Ubc.Cre mice with CIA, transgenic DR5 was most highly expressed on CD11b+ macrophages, with lower expression on CD4+ T cells. (nih.gov)
We observed increases in dermal mast cells in imiquimod-induced psoriatic dermatitis in mice accompanied by the expression of epidermal stem cell factor (SCF), a critical mast cell growth factor. (ewha.ac.kr)
Elimination of NK cells restored EAE susceptibility in STAT1 CD4-Cre mice. (jci.org)
Similarly, more Th17 cells accumulated in the gums of mice with periodontitis compared to healthy mice, which served as a control group. (dentistrytoday.com)
To see if the oral microbiome might be the trigger for Th17 cell accumulation, the researchers placed mice on a broad-spectrum antibiotic cocktail. (dentistrytoday.com)
To see if blocking Th17 cells could reduce periodontal disease, the researchers genetically engineered mice to lack Th17 cells or gave the animals a small-molecule drug that prevents Th17 cell development, finding similar outcomes: reduced bone loss from periodontitis. (dentistrytoday.com)
Methods ID8 tumor cells were injected intraperitoneally into mice. (bmj.com)
Mice were treated with Th17-DC or conventional DC (cDC) vaccine alone or with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). (bmj.com)
We observed a significant increase in IFN-γ-producing CD8 + T cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of immunocompetent mice that repeatedly aspirated A. fumigatus conidia in contrast to mice challenged with A. versicolor , a species that is not typically associated with invasive, disseminated disease. (cdc.gov)
Airway IFN-γ + CD8 + T-cells were decreased and lung germination was eliminated in mice that aspirated A. fumigatus conidia that were formaldehyde-fixed or heat-inactivated. (cdc.gov)
Furthermore, A. fumigatus particles exhibited greater persistence in the lungs of recipient mice when compared to non-viable A. fumigatus or A. versicolor , and this correlated with increased maintenance of airway memory-phenotype CD8 + T cells. (cdc.gov)

Atherosclerosis starts with dysfunctional changes in the endothelium induced by disturbed shear stress which can lead to endothelial and platelet activation, adhesion of monocytes on the activated endothelium, and differentiation into proinflammatory macrophages, which increase the uptake of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and turn into foam cells, exacerbating the inflammatory signalling. (hindawi.com)
It is produced by activated macrophages, microglia, and monocyte-derived dendritic cells in response to pathogens. (rndsystems.com)
IL-23 signals through a receptor complex consisting of IL-12 R beta 1 and IL-23 R. This complex is expressed in mouse Th1 and Th2 cells, bone marrow dendritic cells, activated macrophages and CD4+ CD45Rb(low) memory T cells. (rndsystems.com)
Chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) is a protein that belongs to the β-chemokine receptor family and is expressed primarily on T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. (cdc.gov)
IL-23 is secreted by activated dendritic cells and macrophages, and signals though a receptor comprised of IL-23R complexed with IL-12Rβ1. (peprotech.com)
Macrophages are phagocytic cells present in tissues throughout the body. (msdmanuals.com)

Multiple organisms (brown) are observed adhering to gastric surface epithelial cells. (medscape.com)
Significant damage associated with the release of bacterial and inflammatory toxic products is inflicted on the gastric epithelial cells, resulting in increasing cell loss or gastric atrophy over time. (medscape.com)

IL-34 was first identified by Lin et al in 2008, as a protein that is able to bind to CD14 + monocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (researchsquare.com)

IL-23 induces the earliest recruitment of neutrophils to the site of infection and promotes the development and maintenance of Th17 cells. (rndsystems.com)
The exposure of uterus to seminal fluid induces the CD4 + T cells differentiation into Tregs, leading to uterus environment to be rife with these cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Based on previous efforts focusing on the role of the adaptive immune system in the pathogenesis of MS, it is currently well established that autoreactive T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th17 cells mediate the inflammatory processes in the CNS [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)

Prior studies link the presence of IL-17 and Th17 T cells in the tumor microenvironment to improved survival in OC patients. (bmj.com)
Results Th17-DC vaccines increased Th17 T cells in the tumor microenvironment, reshaped the myeloid microenvironment, and improved mouse survival compared with cDC vaccines. (bmj.com)

Homeostatic regulation of intestinal epithelia by intraepithelial γδ T cells. (nature.com)
In IBD, however, Th1 cells accumulate in the intestinal tract of individuals with CD and are directly associated with disease. (frontiersin.org)
Intestinal-type epithelium with numerous goblet cells (stained blue with the Alcian blue stain) replace the gastric mucosa and represent gastric atrophy. (medscape.com)

After blood sampling, the frequency of Th17 and Tregs was evaluated using flow cytometry. (biomedcentral.com)

Taken together, our results revealed that the Th17-mediated inflammatory environment promotes mast cell accumulation through keratinocyte-derived SCF. (ewha.ac.kr)
Blood stem cells with low levels of Sca-1 differentiated into red blood cell progenitors seven times more often than cells high in Sca-1 when exposed to erythropoietin, a growth factor that promotes red blood cell production. (sciencedaily.com)
During Th1 differentiation, the transcription factor T-bet, which is weakly induced by TCR stimulation, is further upregulated by IFN-γ/STAT1-mediated signaling ( 13 ) and promotes the expression of IL-12Rβ2. (jci.org)

Although the exact cause of lupus is not fully known, it has been reported that IL-17 and Th17 cells are involved in disease pathogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
In recent years, it was shown that T helper 17 (Th17) cells are involved in the pathogenesis of IBD, which makes them an attractive therapeutic target. (mdpi.com)
Since recent evidence supports a crucial role of dendritic cells (DC) in the pathogenesis of MS, we investigated the effect of a 12-week combined exercise program in MS patients on the number and function of DC. (hindawi.com)
Numerous genetic risk loci, cell types, and pathways drive the pathogenesis of PsA. (the-scientist.com)

Interleukin (IL)-12, which is secreted by antigen-presenting cells, acts via signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)4 to promote the differentiation of naïve T cells into Th1 cells ( 9 - 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
Obese adipocytes overexpress MHC class II molecules and costimulators to act as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and promote the activation of CD4 + T cells. (frontiersin.org)

Our data suggest that neonatal S. pneumoniae pneumonia induce serum vitamin A deficiency and long-time lung vitamin A reduction, vitamin A supplement after neonatal S. pneumoniae pneumonia inhibit the progression of asthma by altering CD4 + T cell subsets. (nature.com)
ICB had limited efficacy in OC, but Th17-inducing DC vaccination sensitized it to anti-PD-1 ICB, resulting in durable progression-free survival by overcoming IL-10-mediated resistance. (bmj.com)
Th17-inducing DC vaccines block ovarian cancer progression. (bmj.com)
The inclusion of Th17-DC vaccines during treatment with anti-PD-(L)1-based (eg, pembrolizumab, nivolumab) may lead to improved progression-free and overall survival in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. (bmj.com)

Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase-mediated tryptophan catabolism regulates accumulation of Th1/Th17 cells in the joint in collagen-induced arthritis. (ox.ac.uk)
Harrington's study, "Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Regulates the Fate Decision between Pathogenic Th17 and Regulatory T Cells," was recently published in the journal Cell Reports . (uab.edu)
Mechanistically, we showed that oxidative phosphorylation regulates the strength of the T cell receptor signal and that this subsequently controls the induction of the key transcription factor BATF. (uab.edu)
I have always been interested in understanding what regulates the differentiation and specification of distinct subsets of effector CD4 T cells, especially that of the Th17 lineage. (uab.edu)

Osteoclasts are bone resorbing, multinucleate cells that differentiate from mononuclear macrophage/monocyte-lineage hematopoietic precursor cells. (jci.org)
The conventional view of how stem cells differentiate assumes that cells are "instructed" to progress along prescribed signaling pathways. (sciencedaily.com)
It reveals an elegant yet simple system that maintains cells in a stable state, yet enables them to differentiate under the right conditions. (sciencedaily.com)
Instead, it supports the idea that cells differentiate through the collective behavior of multiple genes in a network that ultimately leads to just a few endpoints -- just as a marble on a hilltop can travel a nearly infinite number of downward paths, only to arrive in the same valley. (sciencedaily.com)
But most important, the differences in Sca-1, GATA1 and PU.1 levels across the three cell groups became less pronounced over time, as did the variability in the cells' propensity to differentiate, suggesting that the differences are transient. (sciencedaily.com)
Together, the findings make the case that a slow fluctuation or cycling of gene activity tends to maintain cells in a stable state, while also priming them to differentiate when conditions are right. (sciencedaily.com)

To determine if Th17-inducing vaccines are therapeutically effective in OC, we created a murine model of Th17-inducing dendritic cell (DC) (Th17-DC) vaccination generated by stimulating IL-15 while blocking p38 MAPK in bone marrow-derived DCs, followed by antigen pulsing. (bmj.com)

Although previous studies have revealed important molecular signals, how the bone resorptive functions of such cells are controlled in vivo remains less well characterized. (jci.org)
Mature osteoclasts expressing TRAP-tdTomato signals ( A ), green fluorescent signals from high H + concentration ( B ), and merged images ( C ). Green fluorescent signals from the H + probes overlapped with static (low CDI, arrowheads) but not moving (high CDI, asterisk) osteoclasts, suggesting that former cells are secreting protons actively and resorbing bone tissues when observed in vivo. (jci.org)
DC vaccines treated with IL-15 and p38 MAPK inhibitor are more effective than standard DC vaccines at generating antigen-specific Th17 T cells in vivo. (bmj.com)

thus, tissue-specific influences are important for promoting mast cell accumulation and survival in the skin and the gastrointestinal tract. (ewha.ac.kr)
Using a T cell transfer colitis model, we demonstrate a key role for T cell-specific IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) signals in the accumulation and survival of pathogenic CD4(+) T cells in the colon. (ox.ac.uk)

However, the finding of IL-17-producing cells as well as IL17A transcripts in the lesions of psoriatic patients suggested that Th17 cells may synergize with Th1 cells in driving the pathology in psoriasis. (wikipedia.org)

It may help direct many immune cell subsets, including regulatory T cells and Th17 cells, to sites of infection. (cdc.gov)
Lactoferrin Potentiates Inducible Regulatory T Cell Differentiation through TGF-β Receptor III Binding and Activation of Membrane-Bound TGF-β. (peprotech.com)

In fact, examination of muscle biopsy specimens reveals a dramatic inflammatory infiltrate that is predominantly composed of mononuclear cells and activated T cells. (medscape.com)
A mononuclear lymphoplasmacytic and polymorphonuclear cell infiltrate is observed in the mucosa. (medscape.com)

Type I reactions (i.e., immediate hypersensitivity reactions) involve immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated release of histamine and other mediators from mast cells and basophils. (medscape.com)
I think this work leaves no doubt that these cells are important mediators of periodontitis," said George Hajishengallis, DDS, PhD, the Thomas W. Evans Centennial Professor in the Department of Microbiology at Penn Dental Medicine. (dentistrytoday.com)
Hypodense eosinophils are activated cells with increased survival and an increased capacity for cytotoxicity, and their release of inflammatory mediators, such as leukotrienes, is increased. (medscape.com)

The protein encoded by this gene is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by activated T cells. (wikipedia.org)
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) belonging to the Th17 family is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by activated T cells. (usda.gov)

Within this mature population, we observed cells with distinct motility behaviors and function, with the relative proportion of static - bone resorptive (R) to moving - nonresorptive (N) varying in accordance with the pathophysiological conditions of the bone. (jci.org)
Single-cell mass cytometry reveals distinct populations of brain myeloid cells in mouse neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration models. (stanford.edu)
In this process, immune cells adopt distinct programs and perform specialized functions in response to specific signals. (cdc.gov)
In recent years, it has become appreciated that distinct metabolic pathways and intermediates can regulate CD4 T cell function, hence we wanted to further investigate how metabolic changes in developing Th17 cells influence cell fate. (uab.edu)
Follicular dendritic cells are a distinct lineage (a different cell type than conventional dendritic cells), do not express class II MHC molecules, and therefore do not present antigen to Th cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Deletion of STIM1 in pathogenic Th17 cells reduces the expression of genes required for mitochondrial function and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) but enhances reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. (autophagy.center)

IL-17A receptor A (IL-17RA) was first isolated and cloned from mouse EL4 thymoma cells and the bioactivity of IL-17A was confirmed by stimulating the transcriptional factor NF-kappa B activity and interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion in fibroblasts. (wikipedia.org)
Turchinovich, G. & Hayday, A.C. Skint-1 identifies a common molecular mechanism for the development of interferon-γ -secreting versus interleukin-17-secreting γδ T cells. (nature.com)
TH1 cells produce interferon-gamma and interleukin (IL)-2, and promote a cell-mediated immune response. (medscape.com)
[ 4 ] Moreover, estrogen has recently been shown to play a significant role in the development and function of Th17 cells, as well as the production of interleukin (IL)-17. (medscape.com)

Initially, psoriasis was considered to be a Th1-mediated disease since elevated levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-12 was found in the serum and lesions of psoriasis patients. (wikipedia.org)
More importantly, IL-17- and IL-17-producing cells have also been detected in kidney tissue and skin biopsies from SLE patients. (wikipedia.org)
12] Studies in toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated signaling in patients with HIES did not reveal anty abnormalities either. (medscape.com)
CD4 + T cells are enriched in lesional tissue from patients with CD and UC and blockade or depletion of CD4 + T is effective in treating patients with IBD. (frontiersin.org)
Interestingly, IBD patients with concurrent HIV infection also exhibit a greater incidence of remission as compared to non-HIV controls, correlating with decreased total blood CD4 + T cell counts ( 3 , 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
Patients prone to IgE-mediated allergic reactions are said to be atopic. (medscape.com)
Patients with certain immune-mediated rheumatic diseases are more likely to have family members with the same or different immune-mediated diseases, suggesting overlapping etiology, even when they show diverse clinical phenotypes. (the-scientist.com)
An analysis of all gene transcription in the cultured cell lines turned up a large gene complex in which gene expression differed conspicuously in cells from patients compared with those from control subjects. (nih.gov)
More than half of the ESC/E(Z) genes were overexpressed in PMDD patients' cells compared to cells from control subjects. (nih.gov)
In addition, progesterone boosted expression of several of these genes in control subjects, whereas estrogen decreased expression in cell lines derived from PMDD patients. (nih.gov)
Finally, the researchers studied a group of 35 patients at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center with a gene defect causing them to lack Th17 cells. (dentistrytoday.com)
These results provide key insights into the mechanisms that underlie development of periodontal disease," said NIDCR director Martha J. Somerman, DDS, PhD. "Importantly, they also offer compelling evidence for therapeutic targeting of specific cells, which might eventually help us provide better treatment and more relief to patients with this common disease. (dentistrytoday.com)
Her research on T-cell receptor signaling, as well as the inhibition of mitochondrial OXPHOS and Th17 pathogenicity, will truly make a difference for many patients. (uab.edu)
[ 1 ] Patients with chronic atrophic gastritis develop low gastric acid output and hypergastrinemia, which may lead to enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell hyperplasia and carcinoid tumors. (medscape.com)

Huang and Chang then looked at the proteins GATA1 and PU.1, transcription factors that normally favor differentiation into red and white blood cells, respectively. (sciencedaily.com)
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) is a transcription factor that predominantly mediates signaling downstream of IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, and IFN-λ. (jci.org)
Remarkably, Clec4a4+ eosinophils were instructed by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand-activated transcription factor that imprints many gut immune cells. (stanford.edu)

STIM1 deletion or inhibition of OXPHOS is associated with a non-pathogenic Th17 gene expression signature and impaired pathogenic Th17 cell function. (autophagy.center)

These findings provide new insights into the activities of mature osteoclasts in situ and identify actions of RANKL-expressing Th17 cells in inflammatory bone destruction. (jci.org)
The findings, published in the May 22 issue of Nature, give a glimpse into how that collective behavior works, and show that cell populations maintain a built-in variability that nature can harness for change under the right conditions. (sciencedaily.com)
The findings also help explain why the process of differentiating stem cells into specific lineages in the laboratory has been highly inefficient. (sciencedaily.com)
An unhealthy population of microbes in the mouth triggers specialized immune cells that inflame and destroy tissues, leading to the type of bone loss associated with a severe form of gum disease, according to researchers at the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research ( NIDCR ) and the University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine who say their findings have implications for new treatment approaches for the condition. (dentistrytoday.com)
In November 1989, for the purpose of nationwide surveillance, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defined this syndrome as requiring all of the following criteria: (1) incapacitating myalgias, (2) a blood eosinophil count greater than 1000 cells/µL, and (3) no evidence of infection (eg, trichinosis) or neoplastic conditions that could account for these findings. (medscape.com)

STAT4 also signals activation of the TF T-bet, a lineage-defining factor for Th1 differentiation, which upregulates the IL-12 receptor, IFN-γ expression, and causes further expansion of Th1 cells (Figure 1 ) ( 12 ). (frontiersin.org)

Further, keratinocytes promoted mast cell proliferation following stimulation with IL−17 in vitro. (ewha.ac.kr)
These reactions tend to be mediated by IgE, which differentiates them from non-IgE-mediated (formerly called anaphylactoid) reactions that involve IgE-independent mast cell and basophil degranulation. (medscape.com)

In addition, various adipokines secreted by adipocytes regulate the proliferation and differentiation of T cells. (frontiersin.org)
IL-23 has been shown to enhance proliferation of memory T cells. (peprotech.com)
Determined by its ability to stimulate the proliferation of HEK-Blue™ IL-23 reporter cells. (peprotech.com)
activation of NF-κB and costimulation of T cell proliferation. (biolegend.com)

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor is critical for homeostasis of invariant γδ T cells in the murine epidermis. (nature.com)

Th17-inducing vaccines overcome IL-10-mediated resistance of ovarian cancer to anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade therapy. (bmj.com)

Led by Sui Huang, MD, PhD, a Visiting Associate Professor in the Children's Hospital Boston Vascular Biology Program (now also on the faculty of the University of Calgary), and Hannah Chang, an MD/PhD student in Children's Vascular Biology Program, the researchers examined how blood stem cells "decide" to become white blood cell progenitors or red blood cell progenitors. (sciencedaily.com)
Laurie Harrington, Ph.D., associate professor in the Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology (CDIB), is the latest winner of the School of Medicine's Featured Discovery. (uab.edu)

in 1993 from a rodent T-cell hybridoma, derived from the fusion of a mouse cytotoxic T cell clone and a rat T cell lymphoma. (wikipedia.org)
A Tip leads cytotoxic T cells to the crime scene in neuroinflammation. (stanford.edu)

Anatomy13

Organisms4

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs22

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Phenomena and Processes3

Humanities6

Information Science1

Cytokines26

Inflammation25

Autoimmunity6

Responses19

Treg11

Autoimmune13

Immunity9

Inhibiting Th17 development1

Subset5

Expansion of Th17 cells2

Differentiation of Th17 cells2

Helper cells2

Inflammatory bowel di1

Foxp32

Pathway2

Lymphocytes1

Antibodies6

Lymphoid4

Antigens4

Mice11

Macrophages6

Epithelial2

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells1

Induces2

Autoreactive1

Tumor2

Intestinal3

Tregs1

Promotes3

Pathogenesis4

Antigen-prese2

Progression4

Regulates4

Differentiate6

Dendritic cell1

Vivo3

Accumulation2

Psoriatic1

Regulatory2

Mononuclear2

Mediators3

Produced by activated2

Distinct5

Oxidative1

Interleukin4

Patients14

Transcription3

Inhibition1

Findings5

Lineage1

Mast cell2

Proliferation4

Receptor1

Blockade1

Biology2

Cytotoxic2