• We conclude that the effects of fluoride on adenylate cyclase are not important in intact tissue, and that inhibition of Na+-K+ ATPase and subsequent Na2+-Ca2+ exchange may be the mechanism of increased Cai in acute fluoride toxicity. (fluoridealert.org)
  • Although the exact mechanism by which adenosine receptor activation relaxes vascular smooth muscle is not known, there is evidence to support both inhibition of the slow inward calcium current reducing calcium uptake, and activation of adenylate cyclase through A2 receptors in smooth muscle cells. (globalrph.com)
  • Attenuation of inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression by delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol is mediated through the inhibition of nuclear factor- kappa B/Rel activation. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The interaction may produce either stimulation or inhibition of the adenylyl cyclase depending on the particular adenylyl cyclase. (reactome.org)
  • Gs, Gi or Gq) to elicit a cellular response which can be mediated through the activation of a number of different signaling cascades which include intracellular Ca 2+ mobilization and the formation or inhibition of adenylate cyclase: Although these technologies have been successful in many cases they have had their limitation. (bmglabtech.com)
  • Indeed, the last two agents caused an inhibition, probably mediated by G(i). (unimi.it)
  • The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of beta adrenergic receptors, which mediate catecholamine-induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. (prosci-inc.com)
  • Her seminal early papers on GPCR signaling demonstrated that dopamine receptors are the target of antipsychotic drugs, that muscarinic receptors inhibit adenylate cyclase and that phospholipase C and CaM kinase II activation mediate cardiac hypertrophy. (aspet.org)
  • The diversity of receptors known to impact cAMP-mediated signaling includes those known to affect cardiovascular and nervous systems, immune mechanisms, cell growth, differentiation, and general metabolism. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • It is well known that PACAP has a direct influence on the cardiovascular system and its effects are mediated by their receptors. (hungarica.eu)
  • G(s) and G(i) are guanine nucleotide-binding, heterotrimer proteins that regulate the activity of adenylate cyclase, and are responsible for transferring stimulatory and inhibitory hormonal signals, respectively, from cell surface receptors to the enzyme catalytic unit. (unimi.it)
  • This dramatic increase coincides with the introduction of a range of new neurochemical and pharmacological tools for the study of dopamine neurons and their function in the brain, as well as the identification of the dopamine receptors, their pharmacology, and their role in mediating the antipsychotic action of neuroleptics [12,13]. (lu.se)
  • The activity of the receptor is mediated by G proteins that stimulate adenylate cyclase. (globaldata.com)
  • Overall, this study proposes a new strategy for the bacteria-mediated delivery of therapeutic proteins to tumors. (nature.com)
  • No detectable NA biosynthesis was mediated by two representative plant NAS proteins that naturally lack the C-terminal domain, class Ia Arabidopsis halleri NAS5 and Medicago truncatula NAS2 of class II which is found in dicots and diverged early during the evolution of flowering plants. (bvsalud.org)
  • This altered pattern of adenylate cyclase regulation was reproduced when a cholate extract of the tumour membranes (which contains G proteins) was reconstituted with G(s)-free, cyc- S49 cell membranes. (unimi.it)
  • Intracellularly, the actions of orciprenaline are mediated by cAMP, the production of which is augmented by beta stimulation. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • Beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptor-mediated adenylate cyclase stimulation in nonfailing and failing human ventricular myocardium. (aspetjournals.org)
  • This receptor is coupled to the stimulation of the phosphoinositide and adenylyl cyclase pathways and behaves as a selective purinoceptor. (nih.gov)
  • In contrast, adenylate cyclase stimulation by Mg2+ was enormously increased. (unimi.it)
  • The putative mechanism for cannabinoid biological action involves binding to cannabinoid receptor types 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2) to negatively regulate adenylate cyclase and inhibit intracellular signaling via the cAMP cascade. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Erowid.org: Erowid Reference 2857 : Serotonin-sensitive Adenylate Cyclase in Neural Tissue and Its Similarity to the Serotonin Receptor: A Possible Site of Action of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide. (erowid.org)
  • Conclusion The 5-HT receptor in neural tissue may be associated with a 5-HT-sensitive AC-mediated serotonergic transmission, and this system may be involved in the physiological actions of LSD. (erowid.org)
  • The G-protein beta-gamma complex interacts with adenylyl cyclases via protein-protein interactions with the C1 and C2 cytoplasmic loops of adenylyl cyclase. (reactome.org)
  • The cardiovascular effects of forskolin seem to be mediated by a direct stimulatory action at the catalytic unit of sarcolemmal adenylate cyclase. (lww.com)
  • Many GH-secreting adenomas contain a mutant form of the Gs protein, which is a stimulatory regulator of adenylate cyclase. (msdmanuals.com)
  • These data suggest that the synergistic action of glucose and GLP-1 to promote insulin gene transcription is mediated through NFAT via PKA- and calcineurin-dependent pathways in pancreatic β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Two signaling pathways arising from glucose metabolism converge to activate NFAT-mediated insulin gene transcription. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Acute fluoride intoxication increases intracellular calcium (Cai), manifested by increased twitch tension in cardiac muscle, and by potassium efflux (mediated by Ca2+-dependent K+ channels) in fluoridated erythrocytes. (fluoridealert.org)
  • The intracellular uptake of adenosine is mediated by a specific transmembrane nucleoside transport system. (globalrph.com)
  • This current work goals to look at whether or not mGLP-1 attenuates Abeta(1-42)-mediated cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells and to discover the attainable mechanisms. (ncbcs.org)
  • Adenylyl cyclases V and VI are the particular adenylyl cyclases present in beta cells of the human pancreas. (reactome.org)
  • Glucose and GLP-1 also synergistically activated NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T-cells)-mediated transcription from a minimal promoter construct containing tandem NFAT consensus sequences. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The pharmacological properties of a serotonin-sensitive adenylate cyclase (AC) found in the nervous tissue of insects were investigated. (erowid.org)
  • Furthermore, VIPR2 mediates the anti-inflammatory effects of VIP. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mapping Brain Structure Variability in Chronic Pain: The Role of Widespreadness and Pain Type and its Mediating Relationship with Suicide Attempt. (iasp-pain.org)
  • This issue was addressed by metabolic engineering of EcN to uncouple the glucose-mediated control circuit and the L-arabinose transport-induction loop and to block L-arabinose catabolism. (nature.com)
  • Via lncRNA-mediated ceRNA network construction and PCR verification, we found that lncRNA-XR_002792574.1 may be involved in the development of myopia through the miR-760-3p/Adcy1 pathway in RGCs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The aim of our study was to explore the lncRNA-mediated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network in RGCs during the development of myopia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Summary of work for this project as indicated on the report: 'Receptor-mediated activation and inhibition of adenylate cyclase of neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cells and other cell lines were studied. (nih.gov)
  • Unlike prior reports for FSH-mediated Gαs/cAMP signaling, FSH-mediated Gαi/o signaling was not affected by inhibition of dynamin-dependent receptor internalization. (frontiersin.org)
  • This G-protein-coupled receptor causes the inhibition of the enzymatic activity of adenylate cyclase responsible for the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the cell. (erowid.org)
  • Signaling leads to the inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity. (nih.gov)
  • High-concentration glucose-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cad was attenuated by: 1- the inhibition of PKC-β by overexpression of dominant-negative PKC-β 2- inhibition of MLC phosphorylation by overexpression of a nonphosphorylatable dominant-negative form of MLC, 3- the inhibition of actin polymerization by cytochalasin D and 4- the treatment of HUVECs with forskolin (an activator of adenylate cyclase). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Inhibition of the function of IL-1 by the inhibitor of IL-1, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), reduces tumour invasiveness and alleviates tumour-mediated suppression, pointing to its feasible use in cancer therapy. (biologicalworld.com)
  • Finally, group 2 (but not group 4 or 1) metabotropic glutamate receptor-mediated presynaptic inhibition was also enhanced in morphine-withdrawn rats. (jneurosci.org)
  • Inhibition of glutamate release during acute withdrawal would add to the inhibition of dopamine cells that is mediated by an augmented release of GABA ( Bonci and Williams, 1997 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • The results show that opioids acutely inhibit glutamate release and that during withdrawal the transduction pathway mediating this inhibition is not the same as in control. (jneurosci.org)
  • ADP activates G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling mediated by two metabotropic purinergic receptors in platelets, Gq-coupled P2Y 1 receptor activates phospholipase C whereas Gi-coupled P2Y 12 receptor inhibits adenylyl cyclase and activates PI-3K/Akt and ERK [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Adenylyl cyclase enhances cyclic adenosine monophosphoate (cAMP) which activates protein kinase (PKA) that inhibits platelet shape change, granule secretion, calcium mobilization, and aggregation [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Inhibits adenylate cyclase activity, leading to decreased intracellular cAMP levels (PubMed:19703466). (icr.ac.uk)
  • Signaling inhibits adenylate cyclase activity. (stjohnslabs.com)
  • The low expression levels may attribute to the lack of Gαs/cAMP signaling as increasing FSHR expression resulted in FSH-mediated activation of the Gαs pathway. (frontiersin.org)
  • The adenylate cyclase pathway mediates CGRP's vasodilatory action. (eyewiki.org)
  • Signal transduction pathways are crucial in regulating fungal morphogenetic events and the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) pathway is known as one of the major pathways mediating most of the morphological effects in pathogenic fungi (Lengeler et al . (scialert.net)
  • Therefore, the main target site for LAs in this pathway is located upstream from adenylate cyclase. (silverchair.com)
  • A selective allosteric FSHR ligand, B3, also activated Gαi/o signaling in these cells, supporting a role for receptor-mediated activation despite the low levels of FSHR mRNA. (frontiersin.org)
  • Nonopsonized or opsonized bacteria were incubated with neutrophils as described in the legend for Fig. phagocytosed, but only in the presence of opsonizing antibody, suggesting that Fc receptor-mediated signaling may be needed for phagocytosis. (synanet2020.com)
  • The whooping cough agent, Bordetella pertussis , secretes an adenylate cyclase toxin-hemolysin (CyaA, ACT, or AC-Hly) that catalyzes the conversion of intracellular ATP to cAMP and through its signaling annihilates the bactericidal activities of host sentinel phagocytes. (mdpi.com)
  • The studies show that receptors mediate both long term and short term effects on enzymatic and neural activity. (nih.gov)
  • Characterization of Receptors Mediating 5-Hydroxytryptamine and Catech. (erowid.org)
  • On the one hand, loss of presynaptic input might bc associated with denervation-induced supersensitivity of postsynaptic receptors, and increases in the behavioural responses mediated by these receptors. (baillement.com)
  • This dramatic increase coincides with the introduction of a range of new neurochemical and pharmacological tools for the study of dopamine neurons and their function in the brain, as well as the identification of the dopamine receptors, their pharmacology, and their role in mediating the antipsychotic action of neuroleptics [12,13]. (lu.se)
  • However, whooping cough also has aspects of a toxin-mediated disease (30). (synanet2020.com)
  • We also show that the cyaA genes of B. pertussis and B. bronchiseptica, which encode adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT), are functionally interchangeable and that ACT, specifically its catalytic activity, is required for B. bronchiseptica to resist phagocytic clearance but is neither required for nor inhibitory of the induction of inflammation if bacteria are present in numbers sufficient to persist during the first 3 days postinoculation. (nih.gov)
  • In contrast to pertussis toxin, which is usually secreted, adenylate cyclase toxin appears to remain on the bacterial surface (23), and it affects only human cells that come into contact Big Endothelin-1 (1-38), human with the bacteria. (synanet2020.com)
  • Activated A1Rs couple to adenylate cyclase via the pertussis toxin sensitive Galphai protein, thereby decreasing cyclic adenosine monophosphate formation. (silverchair.com)
  • We show here that the robust inflammatory response to FHA-deficient B. bronchiseptica is characterized by the early and sustained influx of interleukin-17 (IL-17)-positive neutrophils and macrophages and, at 72 h postinoculation, IL-17-positive CD4(+) T cells, suggesting that FHA allows the bacteria to suppress the development of an IL-17-mediated inflammatory response. (nih.gov)
  • In females, FSH-mediated activation of its receptor expressed in ovarian granulosa cells, induces steroidogenesis and stimulates growth of the follicle. (frontiersin.org)
  • A second toxin, the adenylate cyclase toxin, catalyzes the conversion of ATP Big Endothelin-1 (1-38), human to cyclic AMP in mammalian cells to levels that far exceed what can be achieved by normal cellular mechanisms. (synanet2020.com)
  • BrkA also mediates adherence to cells, and in addition it can protect the bacteria from the bactericidal activity of complement (11, 12, 43). (synanet2020.com)
  • We propose that membrane-associated IL-1alpha expressed on malignant cells stimulates anti-tumour immunity, while secretable IL-1beta derived from the micro-environment or the malignant cells, activates inflammation that promotes invasiveness and induces tumour-mediated suppression. (biologicalworld.com)
  • In this study, we identify an additional mechanism of FSH-mediated signaling and downstream function in the endometrial adenocarcinoma Ishikawa cell line. (frontiersin.org)
  • This revertant, designated strain KC20, exhibited a pleiotropic suppression of the adenylate cyclase defect, with the crp locus being the site of the suppressor mutation. (tamu.edu)
  • Des-amino-fYRKKE]-glucagon, ([Des-amino-His¹,D-Phe⁴,Tyr⁵,Arg¹²,Lys¹⁷·¹⁸,Glu²¹]-glucagon), another adenylate cyclase antagonist, does not stimulate cAMP or cAMP-PK up to 25 μM yet still elicits glycogenolysis. (arizona.edu)
  • However, lavage fluid did not affect CD88 expression and lavage-mediated impairment of phagocytosis was not blocked by anti-CD88 antibody. (atsjournals.org)
  • These studies indicate that FHA mediates attachment of to neutrophils, but adenylate cyclase toxin blocks phagocytosis. (synanet2020.com)
  • Chemotaxis, phagocytosis, superoxide generation, and microbial killing are inhibited in neutrophils and monocytes exposed to adenylate cyclase toxin (9, 38). (synanet2020.com)
  • This gene encodes type I adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide receptor, which is a membrane-associated protein and shares significant homology with members of the glucagon/secretin receptor family. (nih.gov)
  • Our findings show that the high-concentration glucose-induced disruption of endothelial adherens junctions is mediated by tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cad through PKC-β and MLC phosphorylation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Desensitization of the receptor may be mediated by its phosphorylation. (stjohnslabs.com)
  • This study provides the first human demonstration of C5a-mediated dysfunction of peripheral blood neutrophils in critical illness. (atsjournals.org)
  • The findings demonstrate that C5a-mediated dysfunction of peripheral blood neutrophils is preventable and reversible ex vivo , suggesting potential therapeutic avenues. (atsjournals.org)
  • Interleukin (IL)-1 is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a key role in mediating inflammation in the brain. (biologicalworld.com)
  • However, the molecular mechanism mediating this effect has not been clarified, yet. (unict.it)
  • While the second phase parallels cAMP (cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate) accumulation and cAMP-PK (cAMP-dependent protein kinase) activation, the first is mediated independent of cAMP. (arizona.edu)
  • 2022) 'A selective degeneration of cholinergic neurons mediated by NRADD in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model' Cell Insight. (newmarketscientific.com)
  • 2007) and inhibit CLOCK/NPAS2-ARNTL/ARNTL2-mediated transcription. (medscape.com)
  • β-arrestin-2-deficient mice demonstrate OVA-specific IgE responses, but have defective macrophage-derived chemokine-mediated CD4 + T cell migration to the lung. (jci.org)
  • Several antigenically distinct fimbriae are capable of mediating Big Endothelin-1 (1-38), human adhesion (16, 28). (synanet2020.com)
  • Plays a role in the perception of pain and in opiate-mediated analgesia. (nih.gov)
  • 5'-monophosphate-mediated hyperinduction of araBAD and lacZYA expression in a crp mutant of Escherichia coli K-12. (tamu.edu)
  • Erowid.org: Erowid Reference 2857 : Serotonin-sensitive Adenylate Cyclase in Neural Tissue and Its Similarity to the Serotonin Receptor: A Possible Site of Action of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide. (erowid.org)
  • Conclusion The 5-HT receptor in neural tissue may be associated with a 5-HT-sensitive AC-mediated serotonergic transmission, and this system may be involved in the physiological actions of LSD. (erowid.org)
  • This receptor mediates diverse biological actions of adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 and is positively coupled to adenylate cyclase. (nih.gov)
  • The goal of the present study was to determine the acute actions of opioids on glutamate-mediated transmission in the VTA and then identify adaptive changes in excitatory synaptic transmission during acute withdrawal from chronic opioid treatment. (jneurosci.org)
  • Adenylate cyclase toxin can also induce apoptosis, or programmed cell death (18). (synanet2020.com)