AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and Occupations
Vestibular NucleiVestibular NerveReflex, Vestibulo-OcularVestibule, LabyrinthVestibular Nucleus, LateralBetahistineEar, InnerBrain StemHypoglossal NerveNeuronsMedulla OblongataAction PotentialsCatsElectric StimulationCell NucleusMotion SicknessOtolithic MembraneAnatomy, RegionalCerebellar NucleiNeuroanatomical Tract-Tracing TechniquesHead MovementsNeuronal Tract-TracersRotation
NeuronsLongitudinal fasciculusOccurring in the ipsilateralCerebellumMedulla oblongataReticular formationSpinalIpsilateral medialGeniculate bodyBilateralSemicircularNeuronesAuditory systemTractTrigeminalBrainstemApparatusVIIIBrain stemHypothalamusVestibulocochlearOCULOMOTOR NERVENerveUtricleVitroPeripheralDorsalSynapses2016Tegmental nucleusSynaptic transmissionVertigoSacculeFasciculus fibersLemniscusCerebralInner earNeuritisNeuronalCaudalFibresLabyrinthFlocculus
Neurons7
  • We have previously identified a projection from the jaw muscle afferent mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (Vme) neurons to oculomotor nuclei (III/IV) and their premotor neurons in interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC)-a well-known pre-oculomotor center manipulating vertical-torsional eye movements. (listlabs.com)
  • Thus, we injected different anterograde tracers into the Vme and medial vestibular nucleus (MVN)-the subnuclear area particularly harboring excitatory vestibulo-ocular neurons, and immunostained III/IV motoneurons. (listlabs.com)
  • Therefore, the convergent innervation of the Vme and MVN neurons onto the oculomotor and pre-oculomotor nuclei would be a neuroanatomic substrate for interaction of masticatory proprioception with the vestibulo-ocular signals upon the oculomotor system during vertical-torsional VOR. (listlabs.com)
  • Conclusion: Progressive recovery of the resting discharge of the deafferentated medial vestibular nuclei neurons results in functional restoration of the static postural and occulomotor deficits, usually occurring within a time frame of 48 hours in rats. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Next, using a unilateral loss-of-function approach, we characterized the source of vestibular inputs to vestibulospinal neurons from each ear. (eneuro.org)
  • Vestibulospinal neurons, first identified by Deiters ( Voogd, 2016 ), are descending projection neurons found in the lateral vestibular nucleus of the hindbrain. (eneuro.org)
  • The vestibular nerve fibers arise from neurons of Scarpa's ganglion and project peripherally to vestibular hair cells and centrally to the VESTIBULAR NUCLEI of the BRAIN STEM. (lookformedical.com)
Longitudinal fasciculus12
  • Ipsilaterally for posture Medial vestibulo-spinal tract (medial, lateral, inferior, vestibular nuclei), bilateral projection via descending medial longitudinal fasciculus to cervical segments. (wikipedia.org)
  • A reflex wherein impulses are conveyed from the cupulas of the SEMICIRCULAR CANALS and from the OTOLITHIC MEMBRANE of the SACCULE AND UTRICLE via the VESTIBULAR NUCLEI of the BRAIN STEM and the median longitudinal fasciculus to the OCULOMOTOR NERVE nuclei. (lookformedical.com)
  • The medial longitudinal fasciculus is placed in relation to its dorsal aspect, whilst the lemniscus is carried up in its ventral part. (co.ma)
  • The Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus is a fiber tract located ventrolaterally to the oculomotor nucleus that connects the trochlear nucleus, oculomotor nucleus, and abducens nucleus. (healthncare.info)
  • Additionally, the medial longitudinal fasciculus is responsible for transporting fibers that originate in the vestibular nuclei and are destined for the oculomotor, trochlear, and interstitial nuclei of Cajal. (healthncare.info)
  • The oculomotor, trochlear, and abducent nerves, along with the vestibulocochlear nerve, are controlled by the medial longitudinal fasciculus. (healthncare.info)
  • The gaze reflex is addressed by the medial longitudinal fasciculus, which descends from the vestibular nucleus. (healthncare.info)
  • A group of crossed fibers with ascending and descending fibers is known as the medial longitudinal fasciculus and is located in the brainstem. (healthncare.info)
  • The medial longitudinal fasciculus connects the three major nerves that control eye movements, namely the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducent nerves, along with the vestibulocochlear nerve. (healthncare.info)
  • An injury to the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) in the dorsal pontine tegmentum, along with the ipsilateral abducens nucleus (AN) or posterior cingulate reticulum (PPRF), causes unilateral nystagmus (INO) and bilateral lateral gaze palsy (ILP). (healthncare.info)
  • A medial longitudinal fasciculus lesion causes slowed or absent ipsilateral eye adduction during the contralateral gaze. (healthncare.info)
  • Abnormalities in vestibular testing can be associated with lesions in the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear (see Figure 12.15 in Neuroanatomy Through Clinical Cases 3e), the vestibular portion of CN VIII, the vestibular nuclei in the brainstem, the cerebellum, or pathways in the brainstem (such as the medial longitudinal fasciculus) that connect the vestibular and oculomotor systems (see Figure 12.19 in Neuroanatomy Through Clinical Cases 3e). (oup.com)
Occurring in the ipsilateral1
  • Coinciding with the decreasing trends in H3 receptor mRNA levels was an observed increase in H3 receptor binding densities occurring in the ipsilateral medial vestibular nuclei 48 h post-lesion. (uni-frankfurt.de)
Cerebellum3
  • The vestibulocochlear nerve, the eighth cranial nerve, the fastigial nucleus, and the flocculus of the cerebellum provides the input necessary for this to happen. (healthncare.info)
  • Some vestibular connections go from the superior and lateral vestibular nuclei to the cerebellum, where they end in the cerebellar cortex within the flocculonodular component (see Chapter 7 ). (mhmedical.com)
  • An axon tract originating in the external cuneate nucleus and synapsing in the ipsilateral cerebellum. (unboundmedicine.com)
Medulla oblongata2
  • Opioid receptors are in the medial vestibular nucleus - located in the medulla oblongata, in the lowest part of the brain stem - and activating these can cause nystagmus, an involuntary wobbling or back-and-forth movement of the eyes [ 1 ]. (kratom.org)
  • 4. The primordial nuclei and tract areas in the medulla oblongata where the fourth ventricle is continuous with the central canal. (ehd.org)
Reticular formation2
  • An axon tract connecting the subthalamus and the midbrain reticular formation with the inferior olivary nucleus. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • An axon tract from the motor cortex that innervates the reticular formation and the cranial nerve nuclei in the hindbrain. (unboundmedicine.com)
Spinal3
  • Lateral vestibulo-spinal tract (lateral vestibular nucleus "Deiters")- via ventrolateral medulla and spinal cord to ventral funiculus (lumbo-sacral segments). (wikipedia.org)
  • BothTrkA- and TrkB-immunostained cells were widely distributed in the lateral, medial and spinal vestibular nuclei, and were less frequently seen in the superior vestibular nucleus, x and y subnuclei. (edu.hk)
  • An ipsilateral (uncrossed) axonal tract originating throughout the posterior thoracic nucleus of the spinal cord. (unboundmedicine.com)
Ipsilateral medial1
  • Each inferior colliculus projects to the ipsilateral medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) of the thalamus, and each MGN projects to the ipsilateral auditory cortex in the superior temporal gyrus (Heschel's gyrus). (mhmedical.com)
Geniculate body2
  • A very considerable tract of ascending fibres takes origin within the inferior colliculus and passes upwards, in the inferior brachium, into the tegmentum subjacent to the medial geniculate body. (co.ma)
  • What is the function of the medial geniculate body in the auditory system? (freezingblue.com)
Bilateral2
  • Auditory information crosses to become bilateral early in its connections within the brainstem, so unilateral hearing loss can only occur due to pathology of the inner ear or CN 8 (or rarely the entry zone of CN 8 or cochlear nuclei at the pontomedullary junction). (mhmedical.com)
  • As a result, individuals with bilateral lesions of thalamic intralaminar nuclei are lethargic or somnolent. (powershow.com)
Semicircular6
  • The vestibular system , which is the system of balance, consists of 5 distinct end organs: 3 semicircular canals that are sensitive to angular accelerations (head rotations) and 2 otolith organs that are sensitive to linear (or straight-line) accelerations. (medscape.com)
  • The peripheral vestibular apparatus consists of the saccule, utricle, and semicircular canals. (medscape.com)
  • The vestibular sensory epithelium is located on the maculae of the saccule and utricle and the cristae of the semicircular canals. (medscape.com)
  • The vestibular apparatus is highly complex, but it has two components: the vestibule and the semicircular canals. (kratom.org)
  • Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from calyx endings were performed in an in vitro whole-tissue preparation of the rat vestibular crista, the sensory organ of the semicircular canals that sense head rotation. (jneurosci.org)
  • Excitatory vestibular input is generated in the contralateral horizontal semicircular canal, synapses in the medial vestibular nucleus, and projects directly to the VI nucleus. (medlink.com)
Neurones4
  • We have recently shown in vivo that N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptors are present in the guinea-pig vestibular complex and demonstrated that they are involved in the regulation of the resting discharge of vestibular neurones. (haifa.ac.il)
  • The discharge properties of the medial vestibular nucleus neurones (MVNn) critically depend on the activity of several ion channel types. (unipg.it)
  • Nucleus coeruleus contains noradrenergic neurones and projects onto the cerebral cortex. (powershow.com)
  • Ventral tegmental nucleus contains dopaminergic neurones that project directly onto the cortex. (powershow.com)
Auditory system1
  • Two special sensory systems receive their input from structures in the membranous labyrinth: the auditory system, from the cochlea (see Chapter 16 ), and the vestibular system, from the remainder of the labyrinth. (mhmedical.com)
Tract2
  • An axon tract originating in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus and innervating the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The suprachiasmatic nuclei contain pacemakers of the circadian rhythm system, and the geniculohypothalamic tract provides visual input that helps to entrain the pacemaker cells. (unboundmedicine.com)
Trigeminal2
  • 1. The adenohypophysis caudal to the optic chiasma and medial to the internal carotid artery and trigeminal ganglion. (ehd.org)
  • 3. The trigeminal, geniculate and vestibular ganglia. (ehd.org)
Brainstem3
  • The lesions in central vertigo involve the brainstem vestibulocochlear nerve nuclei. (findmeacure.com)
  • Both begin in the inner ear and travel to the brainstem: the auditory component projects to the cochlear nuclei (at the pontomedullary junction) and the vestibular component projects to the vestibular nuclei (in the medulla). (mhmedical.com)
  • These pathways originate in the upper brainstem reticular core and project through synaptic relays in the rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei to the cerebral cortex. (powershow.com)
Apparatus2
  • It consists of an anterior chamber and the cochlear duct, which subserves hearing and connects by way of the round saccule with the peripheral vestibular apparatus. (medscape.com)
  • When opioids or opioid alkaloids stimulate the vestibular apparatus, the result is a collection of symptoms that mimic carsickness or vertigo [ 4 ]. (kratom.org)
VIII3
  • Bilaterally for head/neck/eye movements It is one of the nuclei that corresponds to CN VIII, corresponding to the vestibular nerve, which joins with the cochlear nerve. (wikipedia.org)
  • The lesions, or the damaged areas, affect the inner ear or the vestibular division of the auditory nerve or (Cranial VIII nerve). (findmeacure.com)
  • The vestibular system includes the peripheral vestibular receptors, vestibular component of the VIII nerves, and the vestibular nuclei and their central projections. (mhmedical.com)
Brain stem1
Hypothalamus1
  • Tuberomammillary nucleus in the hypothalamus projects to the cortex and is involved in maintaining the awake state. (powershow.com)
Vestibulocochlear1
  • The vestibular part of the 8th cranial nerve (VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE). (lookformedical.com)
OCULOMOTOR NERVE1
  • in the superior part, the nucleus of the oculomotor nerve is situated. (co.ma)
Nerve5
  • In response to head movement , the otoliths shift causing distortion of the vestibular hair cells which transduce nerve signals to the BRAIN for interpretation of equilibrium. (lookformedical.com)
  • The lateral lemniscus, to a large extent, comes from the nuclei of termination of the cochlear nerve of the opposite side. (co.ma)
  • Vertigo is usually associated with a problem in the inner ear balance mechanisms (vestibular system), in the brain, or with the nerve connections between these two organs. (findmeacure.com)
  • Cranial nerve 8 (CN 8) contains two components: auditory (cochlear) and vestibular. (mhmedical.com)
  • Receives vestibular information from median vestibular nerve. (powershow.com)
Utricle2
  • The utricle is larger than the saccule and lies posterosuperiorly to it in the elliptical recess of the medial wall of the vestibule. (medscape.com)
  • The peripheral branches of the bipolar cells in the vestibular ganglion course from the specialized receptors (hair cells) in the ampullae and from the maculae of the utricle and the saccule. (mhmedical.com)
Vitro1
  • A parallel in vitro study has identified in the guinea-pig medial vestibular nuclei (MVN) two main neuronal cell types, A and B MVNn, differing by their intrinsic membrane properties. (haifa.ac.il)
Peripheral1
  • The peripheral vestibular system is an integral part of the labyrinth that lies in the otic capsule in the petrous portion of the temporal bone . (medscape.com)
Dorsal1
  • The primordial hippocampus dorsal to the choroid fissure follows the same growth pattern lying first in the medial wall of the inferior horn, then in the floor. (ehd.org)
Synapses1
  • In the vestibular periphery a unique postsynaptic terminal, the calyx, completely covers the basolateral walls of type I hair cells and receives input from multiple ribbon synapses. (jneurosci.org)
20161
  • 2016) found that patients with vestibular disorders had a four-fold increase in cognitive impairment, with 12% reporting activity limitation due to memory problems or confusion. (frontiersin.org)
Tegmental nucleus1
  • The superior part contains a large and striking nuclear mass, termed the nucleus ruber or the red tegmental nucleus (Fig. 521). (co.ma)
Synaptic transmission2
  • These findings suggest a prominent role for glutamate spillover in integration of inputs and synaptic transmission in the vestibular periphery. (jneurosci.org)
  • A few studies have investigated the mechanisms of synaptic transmission in the vestibular periphery. (jneurosci.org)
Vertigo3
  • Despite the high incidence of vertigo/vestibular disease among the elderly, the assessment strategy for elderly patients with vertigo or vestibular disorders has not been fully developed. (frontiersin.org)
  • Further understanding of the relationship between cognitive impairment and vertigo/vestibular disorders, including pathophysiology, molecular mechanism, and management through this research program or project, will improve our understanding of vertigo/vestibular disorder-related quality of life and our ability to intervene. (frontiersin.org)
  • Vertigo is typically classified into one of two categories depending on the location of the damaged vestibular pathway. (findmeacure.com)
Saccule1
  • The saccule is an almost globular-shaped sac that lies in the spherical recess on the medial wall of the vestibule. (medscape.com)
Fasciculus fibers1
  • The abducens nucleus is connected to the contralateral oculomotor nucleus by the fasciculus fibers, which enables horizontal conjugate lateral gaze as well as saccadic eye movements. (healthncare.info)
Lemniscus1
  • The cochlear nuclei project to the inferior colliculi of the lower midbrain via the lateral lemniscus, and also project to the superior olives. (mhmedical.com)
Cerebral2
  • Input from the vestibular nuclei and vestibulocerebullum to the cerebral cortex causes what? (freezingblue.com)
  • Cholinergic projections excite the individual thalamic relay nuclei which lead to activation of the cerebral cortex. (powershow.com)
Inner ear1
  • Auditory information travels from the inner ear through the auditory (cochlear) portion of CN 8 to arrive at the cochlear nuclei at the pontomedullary junction ( Fig. 12-1 ). (mhmedical.com)
Neuritis3
  • Recovery Nystagmus in Vestibular Neuritis with Minimal Canal Paresis. (mdpi.com)
  • Recovery nystagmus in vestibular neuritis patients is a reversal of spontaneous nystagmus direction, beating towards the affected ear, observed along the time course of central compensation. (mdpi.com)
  • The aim of the manuscript is to describe in detail a case of recovery nystagmus found in an atypical case of vestibular neuritis and discuss pathophysiology and clinical considerations regarding this rare finding. (mdpi.com)
Neuronal2
  • Taking advantage of the diversity of fast-spiking cell types in the medial vestibular nucleus of mice of both sexes, we examined the relationship between gene expression, ionic currents, and neuronal firing capacity. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The widespread and abundant neuronal distribution of Trk receptors predicts that their associated neurotrophins exert significant effects on individual cells within the vestibular nuclei. (edu.hk)
Caudal1
  • INO and trochlear syndrome are both caused by damage to the MLF, which is located in the caudal region of the midbrain, as well as the ipsilateral trochlear nucleus. (healthncare.info)
Fibres1
  • When, on the other hand, the cochlear terminal nuclei are destroyed, fibres which have undergone atrophy may be followed to the inferior colliculi of both sides, but particularly to that of the opposite side (Baginski, Bumm, and Ferrier and Turner). (co.ma)
Labyrinth1
  • They are set at right angles to each other and are situated posterosuperior to the vestibule of the bony labyrinth (VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH). (lookformedical.com)
Flocculus1
  • Pursuit inputs from the dorsolateral pontine nucleus decussate to the flocculus and project to the medial vestibular nucleus as well. (medlink.com)