• Medetomidine has also been used in combination with morphine (or methadone), lidocaine and ketamine in constant rate infusion analgesia in canines. (wikipedia.org)
  • In these procedures, a mixture of ketamine and medetomidine was used. (orangutan.org)
  • The combination of medetomidine (30-100 µg/kg) and ketamine (1-8 mg/kg depending on species) has proven to be quite effective in a variety of nondomestic mammals. (vin.com)
  • 3 Little is known about the physiological effects of medetomidine-ketamine in nondomestic species. (vin.com)
  • The purpose of our study was to determine the cardiopulmonary effects of intramuscular medetomidine (40 µg/kg) and ketamine (2 mg/kg) when used as an induction combination prior to isoflurane anesthesia in gorillas and chimpanzees. (vin.com)
  • A previous report had indicated that in chimpanzees medetomidine-ketamine provided rapid induction, stable immobilization, excellent relaxation, and calm recovery. (vin.com)
  • 4 We chose to extend these findings by monitoring blood pressure, hemoglobin saturation, and end-tidal CO 2 during medetomidine-ketamine-isoflurane anesthesia. (vin.com)
  • Medetomidine (10 mg/ml) and ketamine (200 mg/ml) were purchased separately (Wildlife Laboratories, Fort Collins, CO, USA) and mixed in the same syringe prior to injection. (vin.com)
  • Medetomidine-ketamine provided sedation within 3-5 minutes and complete immobilization within 10-15 minutes of initial injection in both chimpanzees and gorillas. (vin.com)
  • Once the medetomidine-ketamine had taken effect, only 3-5 minutes of 2-3% isoflurane by mask was required for intubation. (vin.com)
  • 2023. Intranasal atomization of ketamine, medetomidine and butorphanol in pet rabbits using a mucosal atomization device. (awionline.org)
  • Xylazine 6 mg/kg in animals of group xylazine-ketamine (XK), acepromazine 2 mg/kg in animals of group acepromazine-ketamine (AK), medetomidine 125 μg/kg in group medetomidine-ketamine 1 (MK1) or medetomidine 250 μg/kg in group medetomidine-ketamine 2 (MK2) were administered by intramuscular injection (IM). (utlib.ee)
  • It was concluded that medetomidine 250 µg/kg and ketamine 60 mg/kg produced excellent anaesthesia to allow pain free surgery and may be considered suitable for anaesthesia in New Zealand White rabbits. (utlib.ee)
  • Dissociative anaesthetics (ketamine, tiletamine) in combination with α -2 agonists (xylazine, medetomidine, dexmedetomidine) administered intramuscularly, and propofol or alfaxalone (3- α -hydroxy-5- α -pregnane-11,20-dione) administered intravenously have been reported as being used for effective sedation or anaesthesia in reptiles. (vin.com)
  • 2021. Comparison of recovery quality following medetomidine versus xylazine balanced isoflurane anaesthesia in horses: A retrospective analysis. (awionline.org)
  • There are no FDA-approved agents to reverse xylazine effects in humans, although veterinary adrenergic antagonists have been used for emergency treatment of accidental xylazine injection. (nih.gov)
  • 1. As a single injection to provide general anesthesia for short procedures. (nih.gov)
  • For induction, propofol injectable emulsion injection should be titrated against the response of the patient over approximately 60 to 90 seconds or until clinical signs show the onset of anesthesia. (nih.gov)
  • If propofol injectable emulsion injection is injected too slowly (greater than 90 seconds), an inadequate plane of anesthesia can occur. (nih.gov)
  • In veterinary anesthesia, medetomidine is often used in combinations with opioids (butorphanol, buprenorphine etc.) as premedication (before a general anesthetic) in healthy cats and dogs. (wikipedia.org)
  • We investigated the influence of hypnotics, including the orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant and the melatonin receptor agonist ramelteon, on the loss of righting reflex induced by anesthesia with isoflurane or a mixture of medetomidine, midazolam and butorphanol (MMB) in mice. (main.jp)
  • In the case of MMB anesthesia, male ICR mice were given a single intraperitoneal injection of MMB (0.75 / 4 / 5 mg/kg), followed by intraperitoneal injection of atipamezole (3 mg/kg), for reversal of anesthetic effects, after 1 hour. (main.jp)
  • It can be given by intramuscular injection (IM), subcutaneous injection (SC) or intravenous injection (IV). (wikipedia.org)
  • The recommended dose of midazolam for preoperative sedation is 0.07-0.1 mg/kg given by intramuscular injection one hour before surgery. (nih.gov)
  • It is often used as the hydrochloride salt, medetomidine hydrochloride, a crystalline white solid. (wikipedia.org)
  • Midazolam hydrochloride is water soluble (resulting in fewer local adverse reactions after injection), has a rapid onset and short duration of action, and causes relatively mild cardiovascular and respiratory effects. (nih.gov)
  • Propofol injectable emulsion injection is a sterile, nonpyrogenic emulsion containing 10 mg/mL of propofol suitable for intravenous administration. (nih.gov)
  • Propofol injectable emulsion injection contains no antimicrobial preservatives. (nih.gov)
  • Propofol injectable emulsion injection should be prepared for use just prior to initiation of each individual anesthetic procedure. (nih.gov)
  • Vasiljević M, Krstić V, Stanković S, Zrimšek P, Nemec Svete A, Seliškar A. Cardiac troponin I in dogs anaesthetized with propofol and sevoflurane: the influence of medetomidine premedication and inspired oxygen fraction . (uni-lj.si)
  • Administer by intravenous injection only. (nih.gov)
  • In additional studies, the biokinetics of ultrafine particles and soluble 192Ir was studied after administra- tion by either gavage or intratracheal instillation or intravenous injection. (cdc.gov)
  • For the immunotoxin model, 6-8 week old C57BL/6 male mice (n = 12) were treated with bilateral intracerebroventricular injections of saline (control) or mu-p75-saporin toxin (0.4µg/µl/mouse) to cause cholinergic neuronal lesions. (atsbio.com)
  • Acute and repeated injections of cocaine reduced phosphorylation of eIF2α in the VTA resulting in increased cocaine CPP in both adolescent and adult mice [ 20 ]. (nature.com)
  • Local anesthetic delivered with a dual action ring and injection applicator reduces the acute pain response of lambs during tail docking. (awionline.org)
  • The highly selective alpha 2 -agonist, medetomidine, has recently become available for use in the United States. (vin.com)
  • PRECEDEX Injection, 200 mcg/2 mL (100 mcg/mL) in a single-dose vial. (nih.gov)
  • PRECEDEX in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, 80 mcg/20 mL (4 mcg/mL) in a single-dose vial. (nih.gov)
  • PRECEDEX in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, 200 mcg/50 mL, 400 mcg/100 mL, and 1,000 mcg/250 mL (4 mcg/mL) in single-dose glass bottles. (nih.gov)
  • Medetomidine is a synthetic drug used as both a surgical anesthetic and analgesic. (wikipedia.org)
  • Noromectin (Ivermectin) 1% Sterile Solution Injection, 250mL is a highly effective parasiticide designed for the treatment and control of internal and external parasites in livestock. (nexgenvetrx.com)
  • Zel J, Hadzic A, Cvetko E, Seliskar A, Damjanovska M, Kuroda MM, Sega Jazbec S, Stopar Pintaric T. Neurological and histological outcomes after subarachnoid injection of a liposomal bupivacaine suspension in pigs: a pilot study . (uni-lj.si)
  • No effect was observed on the AMPA/NMDA receptor current ratio in the ventral tegmental area, 24 h after cocaine injection in eEF2K-KI mice compared with WT. (nature.com)
  • This hypothesis was directly tested by measuring extracellular acetylcholine concentrations in spinal cord interstitial fluid by means of microdialysis after intrathecal injection of these alpha 2-adrenergic agonists in sheep. (nih.gov)
  • Re-Covr Injection is indicated for use in cattle and horses in conditions in which antihistaminic therapy may be expected to lead to alleviation of some signs of disease. (nexgenvetrx.com)
  • Intrathecal injection of clonidine and dexmedetomidine produce behavioral analgesia by an alpha 2-adrenergic mechanism. (nih.gov)
  • Usually, this technique is performed by injection of local anaesthetic directly into the surgical field using a syringe [1]. (unime.it)
  • This study established a method for administering analgesics to avian patients without the need for frequent handling or injections. (avma.org)
  • Dexmedetomidine injection, USP, 200 mcg/2 mL (100 mcg/mL) in a single vial. (nih.gov)
  • In the dog, intramuscular medetomidine results in rapid and intense vasoconstriction followed by a profound compensatory bradycardia. (vin.com)
  • high pressure allows the more rapid administration of drugs by penetrating to the skin in devoid of an injection [2]. (unime.it)