Mechanistic cell cycle analysis assays and flow cytometry image cytometry. Medical search. Frequent questions

Cell-based and in vitro assays show that Retro-2 blocks delivery of newly-synthesized TA-proteins to the ER-targeting factor ASNA1 (TRC40). (elifesciences.org)
Cytologic experiments, RNA-sequencing and antioxidant assays were performed in vitro in human DFSCs (hDFSCs). (biomedcentral.com)
Decades of efforts have attempted to differentiate the pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) into truly functional hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), yet the problems of low differentiation efficiency in vitro and poor hematopoiesis reconstitution in vivo still exist, mainly attributing to the lack of solid, reproduced, or pursued differentiation system. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we established an in vitro differentiation system yielding in vivo hematopoietic reconstitution hematopoietic cells from mouse PSCs through a 3D induction system followed by coculture with OP9 stromal cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Flow cytometry analysis, RNA-seq, and cell cycle analysis were used to detect the in vitro hematopoietic ability of endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR, CD201) cells generated in our induction system. (biomedcentral.com)
Further, we innovatively demonstrated that notch signaling pathway is responsible for in vitro CD201 + hematopoietic cell induction from mouse PSCs. (biomedcentral.com)
A microglia‑mediated inflammation model was induced by LPS in BV‑2 microglial cells in vitro , whilst a SAE‑related cognitive impairment model was established in mice using cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) surgery. (spandidos-publications.com)
After Foxc1 was overexpressed, the cognitive dysfunction of mice that underwent CLP surgery was improved, with the expression of IκBα also increased, microglial cell migration, the expression of p65, IL‑1β and TNF‑α and neuronal apoptosis were all decreased in vivo and in vitro , which were in turn reversed by the inhibition of IκBα in vitro . (spandidos-publications.com)
Therefore, the current study used integrated in vitro and in silico approaches to figure out Amy and Sor's possible synergistic activity in targeting AMPK/mTOR and BCL-2 for anti-angiogenesis and apoptosis cell death in HepG2 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Functional roles of MSI2 and miR-143 on AML cell proliferation and migration were determined by CCK-8 assay, colony formation, and transwell assays in vitro and in mouse subcutaneous xenograft and orthotopic transplantation models in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
Consistent with this, depletion of COMMD3 induced invasive spheroid growth in ER + breast cancer cell lines in vitro, while Commd3 depletion in the relatively indolent 4T07 TNBC mouse cell line promoted tumour expansion in syngeneic Balb/c hosts. (biomedcentral.com)
Although the roles of key driver genes are well documented through in vitro and in vivo studies [ 14 ], other regulators are also likely to contribute to aggressive breast cancer and render cells resistant to current treatments. (biomedcentral.com)
Enforced expression of PTTG3P significantly promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, as well as tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)

The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/RAC seine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is a promising therapeutic target owing to its frequent dysregulation in HCC and the critical functions it has in regulating cell survival, proliferation, apoptosis, migration and angiogenesis through phosphorylation of distinct protein substrates ( 6 , 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Molecular mechanisms and the influences of different regulation the expression of AKT1 on HCC cell growth, proliferation were determined by western blotting, MTT and colony formation assays, cell cycle and apoptosis were investigated by flow cytometry. (spandidos-publications.com)
The role of chemotherapy-driven increases in PTN/PTPRZ1 expression was examined with a CCK-8 assay, colony formation efficiency assay and apoptosis analysis with TNBC cells. (biomedcentral.com)

However, the precise molecular mechanisms by which AKT1 promotes cell proliferation and regulates apoptosis ( 18 , 19 ) remain largely unclear. (spandidos-publications.com)
High expression of activated AKT can be detected in HCC, and AKT may promote cell proliferation and regulation of cells apoptosis in HCC ( 20 , 21 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Subsequent mechanism investigations revealed that AKT1 served a notable function in cell proliferation and anti-apoptosis by directly regulating the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and Notch1. (spandidos-publications.com)
Aspirin suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis and autophagy in colorectal cancer cells, but the precise mechanism is not clear. (oncotarget.com)
In the present study, the mechanistic role of Foxc1 on microglial migration, neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis during the occurrence of cognitive dysfunction in SAE was investigated. (spandidos-publications.com)
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment was found to trigger BV‑2 cell migration, inflammation and neuronal apoptosis. (spandidos-publications.com)
A substantial synergistic interaction between Amy and Sor was observed (CI 50 = 0.56), which was connected to cell cycle arrest at the S and G2/M stages and increased apoptosis and potential necroptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
This inhibition of AMPK ultimately leads to inhibition of mTOR and thus induces apoptosis in the HepG2 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The current study demonstrated that PD markedly inhibited PAC cell proliferation and triggered their apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
β-peltatin initially arrested PAC cells at G2/M phase, followed by apoptosis induction. (biomedcentral.com)
Our results demonstrate that Pulsatillae chinensis and particularly its bioactive ingredient β-peltatin suppress PAC by triggering cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Treatment of COMMD3-depleted cells with the copper chelator, tetrathiomolybdate, significantly reduced invasive spheroid growth via induction of apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
The p53-inducible gene 3 (PIG3) was originally indentified by Polyak et al in the analysis of p53-induced genes related to the onset of apoptosis ( 1 ). (ijbs.com)
In some p53 mutants, induction of cell cycle arrest, but not apoptosis was found to be associated with a lack of induction of PIG3 expression ( 2 ). (ijbs.com)
Additionally, PIG3 mediates cancer cell death through the GPx3 pathway, and knocking down PIG3 or blocking the interaction between PIG3 and GPx3 would abolish the increase in ROS and apoptosis ( 5 ). (ijbs.com)
Mechanistically, over-expression of PTTG3P up-regulated PTTG1, activated PI3K/AKT signaling and its downstream signals including cell cycle progression, cell apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated genes. (biomedcentral.com)

Developmental process (GO:0032502)" was prominent, bioinformatic analysis of 394 involved genes revealed functional and pathway enrichment of ossification and PI3K/AKT pathway, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
Altogether, our findings lay a foundation for improving the efficiency of hematopoietic differentiation and generating in vivo functional HSC-like cells from mouse PSCs for clinical application. (biomedcentral.com)
In fact, only using the OP9 co-culture system combined with hematopoietic related cytokines, we hardly obtained the in vivo functional reconstitution hematopoietic cells from PSCs [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In particular, the FANTOM (Functional Annotation of the Mammalian Genome) consortium pioneered the discovery of the noncoding RNA world by providing, through Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE-Seq), the first evidence that large portions of our genome are transcribed, producing a multitude of sense and antisense transcripts 12 . (nature.com)
Nephron progenitors, the cell population that give rise to the functional unit of the kidney, are metabolically active and self-renew under glycolytic conditions. (lww.com)
We sought to identify PKA phosphorylation sites in PLIN5 and assess their functional relevance in cultured cells and the livers of mice. (uci.edu)
While the noncanonical autophagy pathway shares the common ATG machinery, it bears key mechanistic and functional distinctions, and is characterized by conjugation of ATG8 to single membranes (CASM). (babraham.ac.uk)
Our findings shed light on the overlapping and distinct functional complexity and diversity of myeloid cells of the CNS and provide new insight into repopulating microglia function and dynamics in the mouse brain. (stanford.edu)

AKT is a key molecule in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, which has been shown to serve notable functions in the regulation of cell viability and to be closely associated with a variety of disorders caused by dysfunctional cellular proliferation ( 8 , 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
We found that MSI2 was significantly overexpressed in AML and exerted its role of promoting AML cell growth by targeting DLL1 and thereby activating Notch signaling pathway. (biomedcentral.com)

Numerous mechanisms such as acquisition of cancer stem cells (CSCs), a subpopulation characterized by self-renewal and differentiation abilities can explain HCC aggressiveness. (springer.com)
High glucose increased TLR expression, myeloid differentiation factor 88, interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-1, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65-dependent activation in THP-1 cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
This indicates that CD133 expression is not altered in prostate cancer and it is consistent with an important role for CD133 in the maintenance of the hierarchical cell differentiation patterns in cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
As in normal tissues, a small percentage of cancer cells can persist and initiate new tumour growth (tumour-initiating cells or cancer stem cells - CSCs), while most cells proceed to terminal differentiation [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Stem cells derived from human dental tissues with properties of self-renewal, multilineage differentiation and immunomodulation have been intensively investigated for stem cell-based regenerative medicine [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We interestingly found that our 3D+OP9 system enriched a higher percentage of CD201 + c-kit + cells that showed more similar HSC-like features such as transcriptome level and CFU formation ability than CD201 - c-kit + cells, which have not been reported in the field of mouse PSCs hematopoietic differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
A switch from glycolysis to mitochondrial respiration drives these cells toward differentiation, but the mechanisms that control this switch are poorly defined. (lww.com)
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogenous hematological malignancy characterized by inhibited differentiation and uncontrolled proliferation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC). (biomedcentral.com)

CAE induced a dose-dependent increase in cell migration and invasion and also in the expression of cancer stem cells markers (CD133, CD44, CD90). (springer.com)
Recently, multiple lines of evidence suggested that the expression of pleiotrophin (PTN), which is a secreted growth factor that binds to receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase zeta (PTPRZ1) to stimulate human endothelial cell migration, is associated with poor prognosis in a variety of malignant tumours [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src plays a key role in cell division, migration, adhesion, and survival. (bvsalud.org)
Forkhead box C1 (Foxc1) is a member of the forkhead transcription factor family that has been found to regulate in cell migration. (spandidos-publications.com)
We previously demonstrated that invasive cells oscillate between two distinct states, termed the Invadopodia state and the Migration state 10 . (biorxiv.org)
The Invadopodia state is characterized by cell stasis and the presence of invadopodia, whereas the Migration state is defined by cell translocation and the absence of invadopodia. (biorxiv.org)
Dendritic cells carrying the mutation exhibited defective interstitial migration in vivo. (life-science-alliance.org)

These same adaptive survival pathways protect pancreatic cancer cells against chemotherapy 7 . (nature.com)
CAE in Huh-7 cells selectively activated ERK1/2 and inhibited GSK3β signaling pathways. (springer.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
The potential upstream pathways involved in the chemotherapy-driven increases in PTN/PTPRZ1 expression in TNBC cells were explored using microarray analysis, and the downstream mechanism was dissected with siRNA. (biomedcentral.com)
uNK cells isolated from obese women had altered expression of genes and pathways associated with extracellular matrix remodeling and growth factor signaling. (jci.org)

Four herbal PD formula was then disassembled into 15 combinations of herbal ingredients and a cytotoxicity assay showed that the Pulsatillae chinensis exerted the predominant anti-PAC effect. (biomedcentral.com)

In pancreatic cancer cells a cytosolic metabolic enzyme, wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (wtIDH1), enables adaptation to these conditions. (nature.com)
Based on our previous studies revealing IDH1 as a regulatory target of HuR, and the enzyme's direct role in the generation of NADPH and αKG through the oxidation of isocitrate, we hypothesized that wtIDH1 is essential for PDAC cells under metabolic stress. (nature.com)
To study the potential role in this metabolic shift of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL), a protein component of a ubiquitin ligase complex, the authors generated nephron progenitor cell-specific VHL knockout mice. (lww.com)
We used histologic, immunofluorescence, RNA sequencing, and metabolic assays to characterize kidneys from these mice and controls during development and up to postnatal day 21. (lww.com)

The extremely low 5-year overall survival of patients is, in part, due to pancreatic cancer cells having several mechanisms of resistance to different chemotherapeutic treatments, one of which is their capacity to efficiently repair alkylating agent-induced DNA damage. (frontiersin.org)
The purpose of the present study was to reveal the effects of AKT1 on the survival and proliferation of HCC cells, and to investigate the mechanisms involved. (spandidos-publications.com)
However, the precise mechanisms whereby PTN/PTPRZ1 signalling regulates the chemotherapy sensitivity of TNBC cells are not well understood. (biomedcentral.com)
The findings shed new light on mechanisms of regeneration of healthy myofibers after severe tissue injury and suggest interplay between these fibers and muscle satellite cells though mechanisms remain to be elucidated. (elifesciences.org)
The previous studies have revealed that abnormal RNA-binding protein Musashi-2 (MSI2) expression is associated with cancer progression through post-transcriptional mechanisms, however mechanistic details of this regulation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) still remain unclear. (biomedcentral.com)
As crosstalk with extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical for tumour cell growth and survival, we applied high throughput shRNA screening on a validated '3D on-top cellular assay' to identify novel growth suppressive mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)

Altered mitochondrial recycling, resulting from abnormal biogenesis/mitophagy cycles, coupled to decreased antioxidant capacity and hence unmitigated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, all result in impaired ATP synthesis and trigger energy deficits largely responsible for the progressive cellular dysfunction characteristic of aging [ 3 , 4 ]. (aging-us.com)
Our aim was to establish a live cell culture to enable the understanding of the cellular processes driving the non-malignant growth of these tumors. (frontiersin.org)
Fibrosis is a physiological response to cellular injury in the liver and is mediated by the activation of hepatic stellate cells resulting in the replacement of hepatocytes with extracellular matrix comprised principally of collagen 1 to form a hepatic scar. (biomedcentral.com)
We focused on COMMD3 , a previously poorly characterised gene that suppressed invasive growth of ER + breast cancer cells in the cellular assay. (biomedcentral.com)

The cell cycle distribution was analyzed through PI staining and flow cytometry analysis, while apoptotic cells were measured by double staining with Annexin V-FITC and PI. (biomedcentral.com)
Treatment of CRC cells with MS-444 resulted in growth inhibition and increased apoptotic gene expression, while similar treatment doses in non-transformed intestinal cells had no appreciable effects. (oncotarget.com)

Mechanistic investigations demonstrated the key role of the identified genes in the balance between death and survival of tumor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Deep RNA-DNA, RNA-protein interaction studies, and phenotype rescue analyses reveal that LETR1 is a nuclear trans-acting lncRNA modulating, via key epigenetic factors, the expression of essential target genes, including KLF4 and SEMA3C , governing the growth and migratory ability of LECs. (nature.com)
While resources such as Reactome, KEGG, HPO, OMIM and others check out their own release schedules and add in perfect accord genes to their detailscounterfeits, we check on the side of updates in these resources when we comportment the honest cycles with Ensembl. (ika.ie)
Mutation analysis indicated the presence of germline mutations in three genes and somatic mutations in two other genes. (frontiersin.org)
On the other hand, TNBC, which is mainly driven through dysregulation of cell-cycle related genes (e.g. (biomedcentral.com)
These repopulating cells are enriched in disease-associated microglia genes and exhibit similar phenotypic and transcriptional profiles to white-matter-associated microglia. (stanford.edu)

Nutrient-deprived conditions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) restrain cancer cell viability due to increased free radicals and reduced energy production. (nature.com)
ADH activity and ALDH expression were much lower in SNU449 compared with Huh-7 cells and at the 270 mM dose, CAE decreased cell viability by about 50% and 80%, respectively, in Huh-7 and SNU449 cells but induced mortality only in Huh-7 cells. (springer.com)
Cell viability was determined using Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. (biomedcentral.com)

This highlights the crucial choice of cell model systems when studying epigenetic control in cancer biology and stem cell biology. (biomedcentral.com)
Activating mutations upstream may also underlie some epigenetic or within the ERK1/2 cascade are events that change cell signalling. (who.int)

Although hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) enable autologous treatment of blood disorders, de novo generation of hematopoietic cells from pluripotent stem cells still compromises the unlimited high yield and rich hematopoiesis engraftment potential [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
By embryonic day 15.5, kidneys of nephron progenitor cell-specific VHL knockout mice begin to exhibit reduced maturation of nephron progenitors. (lww.com)
At present, with the in-depth understanding of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and the increase of research, it has become the focus of medical research [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Our results demonstrate that cytoglobin expression is correlated with a more quiescent phenotype of stellate cells in culture and that cytoglobin is regulated by the extracellular matrix through integrin signalling dependent on activation of focal adhesion kinase. (biomedcentral.com)
This could be considered to be part of a feedback loop as changes in ECM composition results in changes in HSC cell surface receptors, particularly integrins indicating that the ECM should not be regarded simply as an inert physical scaffold but a dynamic structure that is able to influence the phenotype of HSCs [ 2 , 8 , 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

While several studies addressed how cell motility parameters change throughout the cell cycle, the relationship between invadopodia and cell cycle progression has not been elucidated. (biorxiv.org)
Cell cycle progression is faster in cells in which invadopodia are abolished (by Tks5 knockdown), evidenced by earlier induction of cyclins A and B. A close look at the regulators of G1 revealed that the overexpression of p27 kip1 , but not p21 cip1 , causes faster turnover of invadopodia and increased ECM degradation. (biorxiv.org)
Taken together, these findings suggest that invadopodia function is tightly linked to cell cycle progression and is controlled by specific cell cycle regulators. (biorxiv.org)
Cell cycle progression is governed by a complex network of cyclin-dependent kinases that define not only the phase of the cell cycle, but also the timing of transitions between phases 13 . (biorxiv.org)

Tissue stem cells are restricted to the α 2 β 1 integrin hi population, have a high colony-forming ability and proliferative potential, and are able to regenerate fully differentiated prostate epithelium in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
The in vivo hematopoietic reconstitution potential of c-kit + cells derived from the mouse PSCs was evaluated via m-NSG transplantation assay. (biomedcentral.com)
The c-kit + cells from 3D self-assembling peptide induction system followed by the OP9 coculture system possessed apparently superiority in terms of in vivo repopulating activity than that of 3D induction system followed by the 0.1% gelatin culture. (biomedcentral.com)
Ex vivo cultures of myofiber explants demonstrate that ablation of IRE1α reduces the proliferative capacity of myofiber-associated satellite cells. (elifesciences.org)
In this study, using invadopodia- and cell cycle- fluorescent markers, we show in 2D and 3D cell cultures, as well as in vivo , that breast carcinoma cells assemble invadopodia and invade into the surrounding ECM preferentially during the G1 phase of the cell cycle. (biorxiv.org)
The in vivo effects of β-peltatin and podophyllotoxin were evaluated on a subcutaneously-xenografted BxPC-3 cell nude mice model. (biomedcentral.com)

This gene, which encodes a member of the serine/threonine kinase family, regulates cell polarity and functions as a tumor suppressor. (cancerindex.org)
FLIM-FRET analysis of protein-protein interactions showed that PLIN5 S155 phosphorylation regulates PLIN5 interaction with adipose triglyceride lipase at the lipid droplet, but not with α-β hydrolase domain-containing 5. (uci.edu)

Metastasis is a complex, multi-step process that is initiated when cancer cells in the primary tumor acquire invasive properties, including motility and the ability to breakdown the extracellular matrix (ECM) 1 , and is responsible for the majority of cancer-related mortalities 2 . (biorxiv.org)
In the current study, we investigated the role of different extracellular matrix proteins in stellate cell proliferation, activation (alpha smooth muscle actin expression and retinoic acid uptake) and cytoglobin expression. (biomedcentral.com)

The microenvironment of the cell and the interactions of many growth factors have a role in tumor development and survival [ 2 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In this study, we demonstrated that aspirin induced autophagosome formation in colorectal cancer cells, but autophagic degradation was blocked through aspirin-mediated Beclin 1 acetylation. (oncotarget.com)
Collectively, our findings indicate the dual roles of aspirin on autophagy, and demonstrate a new mechanism by which Beclin 1 acetylation impairs the anticancer effect of aspirin in colorectal cancer cells. (oncotarget.com)

Here, we tested whether ALKBH6 plays a significant role in preventing alkylating DNA damage and decreasing genomic instability in pancreatic cancer cells. (frontiersin.org)
In particular, the loss of ALKBH6 in human pancreatic cancer cells increases alkylating agent-induced DNA damage and significantly decreases cell survival. (frontiersin.org)
Overall, our data suggest that ALKBH6 is required to maintain the integrity of the genome and promote cell survival of pancreatic cancer cells. (frontiersin.org)

Furthermore, in silico analysis from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database suggests that overexpression of ALKBH6 provides better survival outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer. (frontiersin.org)
Herein, we also demonstrate that compounds developed to target mutant IDH1 can be repurposed as wild-type IDH1 inhibitors, because these drugs surprisingly become potent inhibitors of wtIDH1 in cancer cells under conditions present in tumors: specifically, we found that wtIDH1 is critical for PDAC cell survival under low-glucose conditions, and allosteric IDH inhibitors effectively block wtIDH1 activity under low magnesium. (nature.com)
Notably, surgical treatment has also the potential advantage of removing chemoradioresistant residual tumor foci, with a higher local control and possibly better survival, since resistance of cancer cells to CRT remains a major therapeutic drawback. (biomedcentral.com)
The RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT) family of serine/threonine protein kinases, particularly the AKT1 isoform, has been identified abnormally expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, and is highly associated with cell behavior, including proliferation, survival, metabolism, and tumorigenesis. (spandidos-publications.com)
AKT1 also has a crucial effect on cell survival ( 14 - 17 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Src is overactivated in several cancers, where it transmits signals that promote cell survival, mitosis, and other important cancer hallmarks. (bvsalud.org)
Accumulating data have confirmed that high expression of Msi2 mRNA is associated with poor prognosis in AML, as patients with as low as 1% of total bone marrow cells expressing elevated MSI2 levels still have a short survival [ 14 , 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Analysis of published expression data suggested that COMMD3 is normally expressed in the mammary ducts and lobules, that expression is lost in some tumours and that loss is associated with lower survival probability. (biomedcentral.com)
We performed immunohistochemical analysis of an independent tumour cohort to investigate relationships between COMMD3 protein expression, phenotypic markers and disease-specific survival. (biomedcentral.com)

Indeed, CD133 + cells from human primary tissues represent a very small subpopulation (0.1-3.0% of the total prostatic epithelium) located in the basal compartment. (biomedcentral.com)
Thereafter, a distinct subpopulation of endothelial cells lining the cardinal vein starts differentiating by expressing the TF PROX1, the master regulator of lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) identity, via the TFs SOX18 and COUPTFII. (nature.com)
This observation has led to the 'cancer stem cell' (CSCs) hypothesis, stating that a subpopulation of cancer cells survive therapy and lead to tumor relapse. (mdpi.com)

During development, the blood vascular system arises from endothelial cell progenitors that differentiate from mesodermal cells, mostly through the expression of the transcription factor (TF) ETV2. (nature.com)
Nephron progenitors, the self-renewing cells that give rise to nephrons, are particularly metabolically active, relying primarily on glycolysis for energy generation early in development. (lww.com)

In recent years, cell cycle regulators have been shown to exhibit roles in both tumor suppression and tumor promotion, particularly cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKI) p27 kip1 and p21 cip1 14 . (biorxiv.org)

Tumor cell invasion and metastasis require cancer cells to be both proliferative and invasive, i.e. migrate through the tissue and assemble invadopodia. (biorxiv.org)

Out of 40 antioxidant enzymes, only IDH1 expression was lost in multiple HuR-knockout cell lines, pointing to an HuR- IDH1 regulatory axis as a key component of the acute antioxidant response to stress 2 , 24 . (nature.com)
Western blotting and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) to evaluate the expression levels of AKT1 in HCC SMMC‑7721 cell line. (spandidos-publications.com)
Furthermore, the data of the present study indicated that B‑cell lymphoma 2 and cyclin D1 is involved in the regulation of AKT1 expression. (spandidos-publications.com)
Thus, in the present study, we examined TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA and protein expression and mechanism of their induction in monocytic cells under high-glucose conditions. (diabetesjournals.org)
Small inhibitory RNA to p47Phox in THP-1 cells abrogated high-glucose-induced TLR2 and TLR4 expression. (diabetesjournals.org)
Kinetochores were labeled by expression of epitope-tagged CENP-A, which stably marks prekinetochore domains in human cells. (rupress.org)
The results were validated both by gene expression analysis and immunohistochemistry study in an independent 55 clinical samples from Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. (cancerindex.org)
We compared the expression of PTN and PTPRZ1 between normal breast and cancer tissues as well as before and after chemotherapy in cancer tissue using the microarray analysis data from the GEPIA database and GEO database. (biomedcentral.com)
CDKN1A was the critical switch that regulated the expression of PTN/PTPRZ1 in TNBC cells receiving chemotherapy. (biomedcentral.com)
Our current studies showed that the expression of PTN and its receptor PTPRZ1 in human breast cancer tissue depended on whether the patient received chemotherapy, and chemotherapy-driven increases in PTN/PTPRZ1 signalling could inhibit chemotherapy responsiveness in TNBC cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Stem cell specificity is maintained by tight regulation of CD133 expression at both transcriptional and post-translational levels. (biomedcentral.com)
We found that CD133 expression is repressed by DNA methylation in the majority of prostate epithelial cell lines examined, where the promoter is heavily CpG hypermethylated, whereas in primary prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia, low levels of DNA methylation, accompanied by low levels of mRNA, were found. (biomedcentral.com)
Condensed chromatin was associated with CD133 downregulation in all of the cell lines, and treatment with HDAC inhibitors resulted in CD133 re-expression in both cell lines and primary samples. (biomedcentral.com)
CD133 is tightly regulated by DNA methylation only in cell lines, where promoter methylation and gene expression inversely correlate. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, CD201 + hematopoietic cells remained in a relatively slow cycling state, consistent with high expression levels of P57 and Ccng2. (biomedcentral.com)
Activation of the VEGFA/VEGFR2 signaling and expression of blood vascular endothelial cell (BEC) markers, such as NRP1 and EphrinB2, further differentiate these precursor cells into BECs, which then form the hierarchical network of blood vessels 4 . (nature.com)
Both 2D monolayer and 3D neurospheres were successfully cultured and characterized for proliferative potential, intrinsic plasticity, presence of cancer stem cells and the expression of stem cell markers. (frontiersin.org)
Expression of phosphorylation-defective PLIN5 S155A in Plin5 null cells resulted in decreased rates of lipolysis and triglyceride-derived fatty acid oxidation. (uci.edu)
Beyond this protective role, Mrr can inflict chromosomal DNA damage that elicits the SOS response in the host cell upon heterologous expression of specific methyltransferases such as M.HhaII, or after exposure to high pressure (HP). (uci.edu)
Effects of miR-143 on regulating MSI2 expression were investigated using luciferase reporter assay. (biomedcentral.com)
In brief: DGCR8 microprocessor complex, which is important for miRNA biogenesis, is regulated by peptidylarginine deiminase 2 and expression fluctuates in gonadotrope cells across the mouse estrous cycle. (umassmed.edu)
Given this, we tested whether inhibiting PADs alters expression of DGCR8, DROSHA, and DICER in the gonadotrope-derived LβT2 cell line. (umassmed.edu)
Next, we found that when DGCR8 expression is elevated in LβT2 cells, pri-miR-132 and -212 are reduced, while mature miR-132 and -212 are increased suggesting heightened miRNA biogenesis. (umassmed.edu)
In the present study, the potential mechanism of PIG3 participation in the DNA damage response induced by ionizing radiation (IR) was investigated in multiple cell lines with depleted expression of PIG3 transiently or stably by the small interference RNA and lentivirus-mediated shRNA expression strategies. (ijbs.com)
Re-expression of PIG3 effectively rescued the depression of DNA-PKcs in PIG3-depleted cells. (ijbs.com)
However, a compensatory feedback of increased mRNA expression of DNA-PKcs was formed in PIG3-depleted cells after a few passages or cell cycles of subculture, which led the recovery of the DNA-PKcs protein level and the consequent recovered efficiency of the DNA damage response. (ijbs.com)

In this study, we identified a novel lncRNA PTTG3P, termed pituitary tumor-transforming 3, pseudogene (NCBI Accession NO.NR_002734) via microarray analysis. (biomedcentral.com)

CD133 is a marker for adult stem cells in various tissues and tumour types. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, differential methylation of CD133 was absent from both benign or malignant CD133 + /α 2 β 1 integrin hi prostate (stem) cells, when compared to CD133 - /α 2 β 1 integrin hi (transit amplifying) cells or CD133 - /α 2 β 1 integrin low (basal committed) cells, selected from primary epithelial cultures. (biomedcentral.com)
It plays a crucial role in preserving the hierarchical structure of tissues and is involved in maintaining stemness and fate determination of adult stem cells [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) show mesenchymal stem cell properties with the potential for alveolar bone regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
Stem cell properties can be impaired by reactive oxygen species (ROS), prompting us to examine the importance of scavenging ROS for stem cell-based tissue regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
other concentrations were also beneficial for maintaining stem cell properties. (biomedcentral.com)
The proper concentration of NAC enhances DFSC properties, especially osteogenesis, via PI3K/AKT/ROS signaling, and offers clinical potential for stem cell-based alveolar bone regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
Compared to other dental stem cells, dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) are mainly isolated from human dental follicles within the developing wisdom teeth germ, so their plasticity is much better with the advantages of easier clinical access and less ethical controversy [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Skeletal muscle, the most abundant tissue of the body, has remarkable regenerative capacity mainly due to its resident muscle stem cells, also known as satellite cells. (elifesciences.org)
Enrichment of cancer stem cells was observed in neurospheres by FACS using CD133 antibody and RT-PCR. (frontiersin.org)
A spontaneous cell line-like cell culture with high percentage of stem cells has been established from a DIG tumor for the first time. (frontiersin.org)

HSCs undergo phenotypic changes from quiescent vitamin A storing cells, involved in maintenance of the normal basement matrix, into proliferative myofibroblast-like cells, expressing myogenic markers such as alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA). (biomedcentral.com)

Cell culture supernatants were cialis pack 3000 ford cool after 48 hours and were immediately analyzed in duplicates predetermined because of multiple soluble markers using multiplex bead arrays (Bioplex Suspension Array System with Bioplex Manager 4.0 software via Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, or Milliplex MAP Non Primate Cytokine Panel beas far as somethinge EMD Millipore). (ika.ie)

Irish and Mechanistic data have been in- formation related to cancer induction Doxie, 2014) . (who.int)

Histone citrullination promotes chromatin decondensation and NET formation, a pro-inflammatory form of cell death that is aberrantly increased in numerous immune disorders. (umassmed.edu)

We determine a comprehensive map of lineage-specific lncRNAs in human dermal lymphatic and blood vascular endothelial cells (LECs and BECs), combining RNA-Seq and CAGE-Seq. (nature.com)
An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that EPCs are of great value in regenerative medicine and clinical applications, which can not only directly participate in angiogenesis but also participate in vascularization and endothelial repair by differentiating into endothelial cells [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Therefore, there is a need for improved mechanistic understanding to drive better therapeutic outcomes in this setting. (biomedcentral.com)

Cells synchronized in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle degrade at significantly higher levels during the first 20 hours post-synchronization release. (biorxiv.org)
Animal study confirmed that β-peltatin significantly suppressed the growth of subcutaneously-implanted BxPC-3 cell xenografts. (biomedcentral.com)

The hippocampus from some cohorts were harvested for immunostaining or Western blotting of c1q, Iba-1, CD68, PSD95 and dendritic spine density or for transcriptome and proteomics analysis. (imperial.ac.uk)
DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)

In this study, we investigated the effect of aspirin on Beclin 1 acetylation and autophagy in CRC cells, providing new insight into aspirin for cancer therapy. (oncotarget.com)

Entinostat cell line scanning microscope. (pdesignal.com)

Mutation analysis by NGS was performed using a-100 gene panel. (frontiersin.org)

Several alkylating agents are commonly used in chemotherapy but may induce DNA damage to cancer cells as well as normal cells. (frontiersin.org)

Structural and biochemical analyses reveal that DOCK8 DHR-1 domain consists of a C2 domain-like core with loops creating the upper surface pocket, where three basic residues are located for stereospecific recognition of phosphoinositides. (life-science-alliance.org)

Here, we show that, unlike mitotic cells, oocytes can repair DSBs during meiosis I through microtubule-dependent chromosomal recruitment of the CIP2A-MDC1-TOPBP1 complex from spindle poles. (bvsalud.org)

pendent of those associated with cretory ducts, columnar epithelia the KRAS gene is more frequent- other key mechanistic characteris- lining the gastrointestinal tract and ly mutated in human cancer, which tics of IARC Group 1 carcinogens. (who.int)

After protein quantification, 500 μg of each cell lysis was added with 1 μg of CD44 monoclonal antibody and shaken at 4°C overnight, then added with 40 μL of Protein A-agarose and shaken at 4°C for 2 h, finally centrifuged at 2500 rpm for 5 min and washed to collect the precipitation. (pdesignal.com)

Therefore, specific localization patterns of GEFs and GTPase-activating proteins, and a molecular network of their regulation underlie the spatiotemporal control of Rho GTPases activities in the cells. (life-science-alliance.org)

Invadopodia are cancer cell protrusions rich in structural proteins (e.g. (biorxiv.org)
MARV assembles and buds from the host cell plasma where MARV matrix protein (mVP40) dimers associate with anionic lipids at the plasma membrane inner leaflet and undergo a dynamic and extensive self-oligomerization into the structural matrix layer. (uci.edu)

In contrast, quantitative Western blot analysis demonstrates that CENP-A protein synthesis occurs later, in G2. (rupress.org)
Co-immunoprecipitation The protein was extracted from cells before and after transfection with the method described in Western Blot section. (pdesignal.com)
DeMarini, and Chapter 20, by Rice and cell death determine the size protein in several signal ing path- and Herceg). (who.int)

We demonstrate that low magnesium levels facilitate allosteric inhibition of wtIDH1, which is lethal to cancer cells when nutrients are limited. (nature.com)
Overall, we found that COMMD3 loss promoted aggressive behaviour in breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Collectively, our experiments suggest that the IRE1α-mediated signaling promotes muscle regeneration through augmenting the proliferation of satellite cells in a cell non-autonomous manner. (elifesciences.org)

To elicit innate and adaptive immune responses, inflammatory cells must efficiently migrate through the complex, physiological environments in the body. (life-science-alliance.org)
Following CSF1Ri, these amoeboid cells migrate radially and tangentially in a dynamic wave filling the brain in a distinct pattern, to replace the microglial-depleted brain. (stanford.edu)

The results displayed that LINC00659 is upregulated in IVC tissues and isolated endothelial group cells (EPCs) of patients with LEDVT. (biomedcentral.com)

HSCs express numerous cell surface receptors including both discoidin domain receptors (DDRs)-which are receptors for collagen I and many of the integrin subunits, which are a major family of cell surface receptors for extracellular molecules and play a critical role in many biological functions [ 7 , 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
PADs are expressed in mouse gonadotrope cells, which play a central role in reproduction by synthesizing and secreting the luteinizing and follicle stimulating hormones. (umassmed.edu)

FOXC1 silencing inhibits the epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition of glioma cells: Involvement of β‑catenin signaling. (cancerindex.org)

Anatomy3

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs3

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Phenomena and Processes14

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science1

Vitro13

Target of rapamycin1

Colony formation2

Apoptosis16

Functional8

Signaling pathway2

Differentiation8

Migration7

Pathways5

Cytotoxicity1

Metabolic4

Mechanisms6

Cellular4

Apoptotic2

Genes6

Viability3

Epigenetic2

Progenitor3

Phenotype2

Progression4

Vivo6

Regulates2

Extracellular matrix2

Microenvironment1

Colorectal cancer cells2

Pancreatic cancer cells3

Survival9

Subpopulation3

Progenitors2

Roles1

Invasion and metastasis1

Expression26

Microarray analysis1

Stem11

Proliferative1

Markers1

Induction1

Formation1

Endothelial cells2

Therapeutic1

Significantly2

Dendritic2

Autophagy1

Entinostat1

Mutation1

Chemotherapy1

Reveal1

Mitotic1

Gene1

CD441

Regulation1

Structural2

Protein3

Cancer cells2

Augmenting the proliferation1

Migrate2

Tissues1

Role2

Mesenchymal1