• Using a new platform for unbiased and deep mutagenesis of any genomic locus in the prototypic orthopoxvirus, vaccinia virus (VACV), we conducted deep-mutational scans (DMS) of two EV proteins, A33 and A34, in the context of infectious viral particles and identified novel regiospecific mutations that enhance EV fitness. (hhs.gov)
  • Neutrophils are antigen -transporting cells that generate vaccinia virus (VACV)-specific T-cell responses, yet how VACV modulates neutrophil recruitment and its significance in the immune response are unknown. (bvsalud.org)
  • Vaccinia virus (VACV) encodes many immunomodulatory proteins, including inhibitors of apoptosis and modulators of innate immune signalling. (ox.ac.uk)
  • VACV protein N1 is an intracellular homodimer that contributes to virus virulence and was reported to inhibit nuclear factor (NF)-κB signalling. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Given that N1 promotes virus virulence, other possible functions of N1 were investigated and this revealed that N1 is an inhibitor of apoptosis in cells transfected with the N1L gene and in the context of VACV infection. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Here, we report ubiquitylation of vaccinia virus (VACV) protein N1. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We have previously shown that Pexa-Vec (formerly JX-594), a Vaccinia virus (VacV) based oncolytic agent can be safely administered to cancer patients. (keystonesymposia.org)
  • Vaccinia virus (VACV) modulates complement activation by encoding a complement regulatory protein called the vaccinia virus complement control protein (VCP). (haverford.edu)
  • Although VCP has been described as a virulence factor, the mechanisms by which VCP enhances VACV pathogenesis have not been fully defined. (haverford.edu)
  • Since complement is necessary for optimal adaptive immune responses to several viruses, we hypothesized that VCP contributes to pathogenesis by modulating anti-VACV T cell and Ab responses. (haverford.edu)
  • In this study, we used an intradermal model of VACV infection to compare pathogenesis of wild-type virus (vv-VCPwt) and a virus lacking VCP (vv-VCPko). (haverford.edu)
  • Research in the lab of Prof. Geoffrey Smith focuses on many aspects of host-pathogen interactions using the poxvirus vaccinia virus (VACV) as a model. (cam.ac.uk)
  • To establish a productive infection viruses must counteract the immune system, in particular the early host innate response and VACV encodes an arsenal of proteins that inhibit innate immune signalling (in particular the activation of key transcription factors such as NF-κB and IRF3). (cam.ac.uk)
  • By studying the mechanisms of VACV inhibition of host signalling our aim is to enhance current understanding of the innate immune response, how it is activated and regulated, with the potential identification of novel drug targets for diseases caused by excessive inflammation. (cam.ac.uk)
  • What is particularly interesting is that despite encoding multiple inhibitors of both NF-kB and IRF3 activation, which act at various stages of these innate signalling pathways, these viral proteins are not redundant as removal of a single gene attenuates the virus in vivo in mouse models of VACV infection. (cam.ac.uk)
  • It possesses in vitro activity against the following viruses: Human herpesviruses Adenoviruses Human poxviruses (including the smallpox virus) Human papillomavirus Cidofovir was discovered at the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Prague, by Antonín Holý, and developed by Gilead Sciences and is marketed with the brand name Vistide by Gilead in the US, and by Pfizer elsewhere. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are many poxviruses that infect many species and they share similar mechanisms to replicate their DNA," Cao said. (newswise.com)
  • Resveratrol works to inhibit replication in two of them - the vaccinia virus and monkeypox - so it should be able to inhibit other poxviruses as well. (newswise.com)
  • Poxviruses are large cytoplasmic DNA viruses that cause significant human and veterinary diseases. (mskcc.org)
  • More recently, he found that poxviruses, the family of viruses to which vaccinia and variola belong, use a unique mechanism for spreading rapidly between cells. (royalsociety.org)
  • This is important as poxviruses (e.g. modified virus Ankara (MVA)) are being intensely studied as vaccine vectors to protect against a number of infectious agents including HIV and malaria, particularly as they are good stimulators of innate and adaptive immunity, including both cellular and humoral responses. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Unterholzner L, Sumner RP, Baran M, Ren H, Mansur DS, Bourke NM, Randow F, Smith GL, Bowie AG (2011) Vaccinia Virus Protein C6 is a Virulence Factor that Binds TBK-1 Adaptor Proteins and Inhibits Activation of IRF3 and IRF7. (cam.ac.uk)
  • The cell cultures with high levels of resveratrol prevented vaccinia from replicating in the early stages of the viral infection, which stops the virus from spreading. (newswise.com)
  • 1. Develop intervention strategies to control and eradicate Classical Swine Fever (CSF), including determining immune mechanisms mediating early protection and its application in blocking infection and preventing transmission, and discovering effective CSF vaccine platforms specifically designed for disease control and eradication. (usda.gov)
  • Immune mechanisms mediating early protection and its application in blocking infection and preventing transmission will be developed. (usda.gov)
  • Sub-Objective 1.i: Determine immune mechanisms mediating early protection and its application in blocking infection and preventing transmission. (usda.gov)
  • Sub-Objective 2.iii: identifying the immune mechanism mediating effective homologous and heterologous protection against virus infection. (usda.gov)
  • Despite efforts made over past decades, there is no vaccine or treatment available for preventing and controlling the ASF virus (ASFV) infection, and there is an urgent need to develop novel strategies. (mdpi.com)
  • In order to better understand differences in the outcome of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) infection, we inoculated a very virulent (vv) strain into White Leghorn chickens of inbred line W that was previously reported to experience over 24% flock mortality, and three inbred lines (15I, C.B4 and 0) that were previously reported to display no mortality. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • My projects investigate the mechanisms that cause enhanced disease and pulmonary eosinophilia upon RSV infection of vaccinated hosts. (uiowa.edu)
  • Differential role of gamma interferon in inhibiting pulmonary eosinophilia and exacerbating systemic disease in fusion protein-immunized mice undergoing challenge infection with respiratory syncytial virus. (uiowa.edu)
  • After virus infection of mice , NFκB pathway activation led to expression of several cytokines / chemokines that increased the migration of neutrophil populations (Nα and Nß) to the infection site. (bvsalud.org)
  • In contrast to intranasal application of MVA, we found that intravenous immunization fully protected mice infected with ectromelia virus (ECTV) when applied three days after infection. (nih.gov)
  • He discovered that vaccinia produces receptors to bind interferons, cytokines and chemokines - molecules that ramp up the immune system's response to infection - and helped to explain how the virus avoids being challenged. (royalsociety.org)
  • Data regarding monkeypox virus infection during pregnancy are limited. (cdc.gov)
  • It is unknown if pregnant people are more susceptible to monkeypox virus or if infection is more severe in pregnancy, and it is not known if vaginal birth and the presence of genital lesions can cause congenital monkeypox. (cdc.gov)
  • Severe immunosuppression can be due to a variety of conditions, including congenital immunodeficiency, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, leukemia, lymphoma, generalized malignancy or therapy with alkylating agents, antimetabolites, radiation, or large amounts of corticosteroids. (cdc.gov)
  • The vaccinia virus vaccines ( smallpox vaccine ) are generally safe and effective, but some people do experience side effects and adverse reactions . (cdc.gov)
  • Several vaccines have now been approved for human use, including mRNA vaccines (BioNTech/Pfizer, Moderna), adenovirus-vector-based vaccines (AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson, CanSino Biologics, Gamaleya), and inactivated virus vaccines (Sinovac Biotech and Sinopharm). (frontiersin.org)
  • In addition, the reported adverse cases of thrombosis with the adenovirus vaccines ( 13 ) and myocarditis with the mRNA vaccines particularly in young individuals ( 14 ) indicate that a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of action of the vaccines should be undertaken. (frontiersin.org)
  • Vaccines prevent disease by giving the body a jump-start at recognizing the infecting virus or bacteria," said Sharon Frey, M.D., the principal investigator for the study at Saint Louis University. (news-medical.net)
  • Mansur DS, Maluquer de Motes C, Unterholzner L, Sumner RP, Ferguson BJ, Ren H, Strnadova P, Bowie AG, Smith GL (2013) Poxvirus targeting of E3 ligase b-TrCP by molecular mimicry: A mechanism to inhibit NF-kB activation and promote immune evasion and virulence. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Nucleotide sequence of 21·8 kbp of variola major virus strain Harvey and comparison with vaccinia virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), an attenuated vaccinia strain, is a safe and effective vaccine vector against various infectious agents and cancers. (mskcc.org)
  • Working model is the modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) which is a highly attenuated vaccinia virus strain and currently tested as a vaccine vector against infectious diseases and cancer. (uniklinik-duesseldorf.de)
  • To this end, we designed and engineered SJ-185, a novel oncolytic vaccinia virus, through incorporating two human transgenes, the IFNB1 and CES2 , into the TK gene region of a Western Reserve (WR) strain vaccinia virus backbone. (e-crt.org)
  • We have shown high oncoselectivity of the Russian strain of the L-IVP vaccinia virus and anti-tumor activity of the VVdGF-ApoS24/2 recombinant strain synthesized on its basis. (megagrant.ru)
  • Sumner RP, Ren H, Smith GL (2013) Deletion of immunomodulator C6 from vaccinia virus strain Western Reserve enhances virus immunogenicity and vaccine efficacy. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Tecovirimat (also referred to as ST-246 or its brand name Tpoxx) has demonstrated in vitro activity against various orthopoxviruses (e.g., variola, vaccinia, and monkeypox viruses) and shown effectiveness in animal challenge studies using related orthopoxviruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Brincidofovir (TEMBEXA) has demonstrated in vitro activity against various orthopoxviruses (e.g., variola, vaccinia, and monkeypox viruses) and shown effectiveness in animal challenge studies using related orthopoxviruses. (cdc.gov)
  • It has inhibitory effects on varicella-zoster virus replication in vitro although no clinical trials have been done to date, likely due to the abundance of safer alternatives such as aciclovir. (wikipedia.org)
  • The production of several different virus particles in the VV replication cycle represents a coordinated strategy to exploit cell biology to promote virus spread and to aid virus evasion of antibody and complement. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • To develop strategies to control African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) studies will be conducted to provide information about the mechanisms of viral replication, virus host interaction and virulence in the natural host. (usda.gov)
  • Viral replication and dissemination of SJ-815 were measured by plaque assay and comet assay, respectively, and compared to the backbone of SJ-815, a modified Western Reserve virus named WI. (e-crt.org)
  • Interestingly, these deletions do not hinder the replication kinetics of the virus. (keystonesymposia.org)
  • Rubella Virus Replication and Links to TeratogenicityJIA-YEE LEE* ANDD. (vdocuments.net)
  • Like all viruses, the EBOV largely relies on host cell factors and physiological processes for its entry, replication, and egress. (biomedcentral.com)
  • [ 5 ] Furthermore, the addition of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 (both overexpressed in Th-2 inflammatory reactions) amplified vaccinia virus replication in human skin. (medscape.com)
  • Since then, we have been focusing on identifying viral inhibitors of the cGAS/STING pathway through biochemical studies, as well as the generation and characterization of recombinant vaccinia viruses or MVA lacking viral inhibitors. (mskcc.org)
  • Using a BALB/c mouse model of vaccination with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing a single RSV protein, we can re-create the vaccine-enhanced disease seen in humans. (uiowa.edu)
  • In this work, we have revealed that early viral protein UBCv1, the only known conjugating enzyme encoded by a virus, modulates innate immune and inflammatory signaling. (mdpi.com)
  • Dissociation of progeny vaccinia virus from the cell membrane is regulated by a viral envelope glycoprotein: effect of a point mutation in the lectin homology domain of the A34R gene. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • 3: Determine the mechanisms that drive ASF viral evolution, including determine the molecular determinants that drive virus evolution in ASF-historical endemic settings and determine the molecular determinants that are affecting virus evolution in new ASF-endemic settings. (usda.gov)
  • In particular, we are aiming to characterize the molecular and cellular mechanisms which control and shape the quality and quantity of antigen-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses during viral infections or vector-based vaccination. (uniklinik-duesseldorf.de)
  • Therefore, one focus of our work is the identification of key mechanisms essential for the efficient generation (priming) and expansion (recall) of anti-viral or vaccine-induced T cell responses. (uniklinik-duesseldorf.de)
  • Mechanism of antiviral drug resistance of vaccinia virus: identification of residues in the viral DNA polymerase conferring differential resistance to antipoxvirus drugs. (neb.com)
  • Resistance of herpes simplex virus type 1 against different phosphonylmethoxyalkyl derivatives of purines and pyrimidines due to specific mutations in the viral DNA polymerase gene. (neb.com)
  • By inhibiting these pathways the virus limits the production of the anti-viral interferons as well as pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokines. (cam.ac.uk)
  • [ 4 ] Another study found that vaccinia virus inoculated into mouse skin primed with a Th-2-weighted inflammatory response resulted in larger and more erosive primary lesions, more satellite lesions, and higher viral loads than normal or TH-1 weighted skin. (medscape.com)
  • Several techniques based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to facilitate the characterization and phylogenetic analysis of variola virus isolates were described. (who.int)
  • Next to the optimization of the vector backbone and expression of target genes, we aim to optimize protocols for generation, isolation and molecular characterization of MVA vector viruses e.g. by using recombinant BAC-technology. (uniklinik-duesseldorf.de)
  • African swine fever virus (ASFV) is an acute and persistent swine virus with a high economic burden that encodes multiple genes to evade host immune response. (mdpi.com)
  • The purpose of this study was to assess characteristics of SJ-815, a novel oncolytic vaccinia virus lacking a functional thymidine kinase-encoding TK gene, and instead, having two human transgenes: the IFNB1 that encodes interferon β1, and the CES2 that encodes carboxylesterase 2, which metabolizes the prodrug, irinotecan, into cytotoxic SN-38. (e-crt.org)
  • Vaccinia virus is a prototypical poxvirus successfully used for smallpox eradication. (mskcc.org)
  • Our research team has uncovered several important poxvirus-sensing mechanisms leading to type I interferon (IFN) induction in various cell types including epithelial cells, macrophages and dendritic cell (DC) subtypes. (mskcc.org)
  • DNA viruses such as herpesvirus and poxvirus have multiple genes, some of them host-derived, which interfere with effective innate or acquired immune responses. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • These results identify a mechanism for poxvirus-induced immune response and alternatives for vaccine vector design. (bvsalud.org)
  • Viruses that are frequently chosen for genetic engineering include vaccinia virus, adenovirus, and herpes simplex virus. (e-crt.org)
  • DNA polymerase mutations in drug-resistant herpes simplex virus mutants determine in vivo neurovirulence and drug-enzyme interactions. (neb.com)
  • Kaposi varicelliform eruption (KVE) is the name given to a distinct cutaneous eruption caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1, HSV-2, coxsackievirus A16, or vaccinia virus that infects a preexisting dermatosis. (medscape.com)
  • Here, we describe the safety, robust immunogenicity, and potent efficacy elicited in rhesus macaques by a modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vector expressing a full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein (MVA-S). MVA-S vaccination was well tolerated and induced S and receptor-binding domain (RBD)-binding IgG antibodies and neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and several variants of concern. (frontiersin.org)
  • In my recent keynote address to the Brazilian Virology Society entitled The World of Viruses , I presented my list of ten seminal virologists. (virology.ws)
  • When Stanley crystallized TMV he brought together chemistry and virology, made life a continuum from the inorganic and put viruses at the cusp. (virology.ws)
  • Nathan Wolfe - for his work as a spokesman and setting up the Global Virus Forecasting Initiative who apply basic virology, ecology and social sciences to preventing pathogen emergence. (virology.ws)
  • In reflection of his considerable expertise in virology, he currently chairs the World Health Organization Advisory Committee on Variola Virus Research. (royalsociety.org)
  • Seven virus-encoded proteins have been identified that are components of IEV, and five of them are present in CEV or EEV. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The roles of these proteins in virus morphogenesis and dissemination, and as targets for neutralizing antibody are reviewed. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • RNA viruses may escape acquired humoral and cellular immune responses by mutations in protective antigenic epitopes (e.g., avian influenza viruses), while accessory nonstructural proteins or multifunctional structural proteins interfere with the interferon system (e.g. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • In this study, it was hypothesized that unfunctionalized, Creighton AgNPs of an average diameter of 11 nm will form covalent bonds with vaccinia virus (VV) mainly through the external, entry fusion complex (EFC) proteins. (wright.edu)
  • We have synthesized a series of recombinant strains of vaccinia expressing proteins that strengthen their oncolytic qualities. (megagrant.ru)
  • Using the mousepox model, we investigated the immunological mechanisms responsible for a successful post-exposure immunization with modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA). (nih.gov)
  • The investigational vaccine is similar to licensed Dryvax but it is a highly attenuated (weakened) form of the virus. (news-medical.net)
  • Extracellular vaccinia virus formation and cell-to-cell virus transmission are prevented by deletion of the gene encoding the 37,000-Dalton outer envelope protein. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Sequence analysis, expression, and deletion of a vaccinia virus gene encoding a homolog of profilin, a eukaryotic actin-binding protein. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Many of the viruses can cause significant loss - economic or healthwise - but vaccinia can be used for good such as a gene carrier in gene therapy and cancer treatment. (newswise.com)
  • We performed experimental evolution with vaccinia virus populations harboring a SNV in a gene actively undergoing copy number amplification. (elifesciences.org)
  • Our analysis uncovered a mechanism of adaptive SNV homogenization reminiscent of gene conversion, which is actively driven by selection. (elifesciences.org)
  • In order to expand our understanding of how recombination might influence virus variation during the course of adaptation, we focused on large DNA viruses, in which rapidly evolving populations can simultaneously harbor both adaptive gene copy number variation and beneficial single nucleotide variants (SNVs) at the same locus. (elifesciences.org)
  • Therapeutic Candidate or Device Autologous hematopoietic stem cells transduced with a HexA/HexB expressing lentiviral vector Indication Tay-Sachs disease Therapeutic Mechanism The transplanted gene modified autologous hematopoietic stem cells will engraft in the bone marrow and start producing HexA/HexB expressing immune progeny. (ca.gov)
  • Geoffrey's research has also led to vaccinia being used in a common tool for gene expression experiments in the laboratory and as a platform for vaccine development. (royalsociety.org)
  • However, analysis of NF-κB signalling in cells infected with recombinant viruses with or without the N1L gene showed no difference in NF-κB-dependent gene expression. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Vaccinia virus has many ideal characteristics that allow for development as an oncolytic virus, such as its relatively large genome as an optimal platform for gene editing, long usage history, and well-defined safety profile [ 2 ]. (e-crt.org)
  • Forinstance, interruption of the virus thymidine kinase-encoding TK gene through inserting other transgenes has been applied in the development of several oncolytic viruses [ 3 , 4 ]. (e-crt.org)
  • vaccinia immune globulin intravenous, axicabtagene ciloleucel. (medscape.com)
  • vaccinia immune globulin intravenous, brexucabtagene autoleucel. (medscape.com)
  • vaccinia immune globulin intravenous, idecabtagene vicleucel. (medscape.com)
  • vaccinia immune globulin intravenous, lisocabtagene maraleucel. (medscape.com)
  • Vaccinia virus complement control protein (VCP) and curcumin (Cur) are natural compounds with different biological origins reported to regulate complement activation. (openbiochemistryjournal.com)
  • In this study, we have identified two vaccinia virus ORFs, termed A46R and A52R, that share amino acid sequence similarity with the Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain, a motif that defines the IL-1/Toll-like receptor (TLR) superfamily of receptors, which have a key role in innate immunity and inflammation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Vaccinia is not only ideal for labs to study as a model virus, but it also is used to help treat cancer and to fight other viruses, such as its role in the eradication of smallpox around 1980. (newswise.com)
  • This article describes the history and eradication of smallpox and discusses how health professionals can prepare for an outbreak of smallpox and similar viruses. (taylorandfrancis.com)
  • In May 1999 the Health Assembly by resolution WHA52.10 authorized temporary retention up to, but not later than, 2002 of the existing stocks of variola virus at the current locations,1 for the purpose of further international research. (who.int)
  • The Assembly requested the Director-General to appoint a new group of experts to establish what research, if any, must be carried out in order to obtain consensus on the timing for the destruction of the existing variola virus stocks. (who.int)
  • Committee on Variola Virus Research is composed of 16 members from all WHO regions. (who.int)
  • At its first meeting (Geneva, 6-9 December 1999), attended also by 10 advisers from fundamental applied research and regulatory agencies, the Committee agreed that a scientific subcommittee be established for the purpose of overseeing future research on variola virus, with members of this subcommittee to be drawn from the Advisory Committee on Variola Virus Research. (who.int)
  • A detailed report was submitted to the Executive Board at its 106th session in May 2000.2 The committee's recommendation was that further limited research using variola virus stocks could be justified, but under no circumstances should this continue beyond the end of 2002. (who.int)
  • Most are isolates of variola virus and a database has been created to link them with available diagnostic and epidemiological data. (who.int)
  • The researchers added resveratrol at varying intensities to human cell cultures infected by vaccinia virus, a cousin to the highly dangerous variola virus that causes smallpox. (newswise.com)
  • Vaccinia virus produces four different types of virion from each infected cell called intracellular mature virus (IMV), intracellular enveloped virus (IEV), cell-associated enveloped virus (CEV) and extracellular enveloped virus (EEV). (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • IEV is formed by wrapping of IMV with intracellular membranes, and is an intermediate between IMV and CEV/EEV that enables efficient virus dissemination to the cell surface on microtubules. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • An antigenic difference between intracellular and extracellular rabbitpox virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Therefore, A46R and A52R are likely to represent a mechanism used by vaccinia virus of suppressing TIR domain-dependent intracellular signaling. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Although substantial research has been carried out to clarify the pathophysiology of skin diseases, much remains to be discovered regarding the cellular mechanisms of cutaneous disorders. (mdpi.com)
  • In this context, the editors of Cells have set up an issue dedicated to cellular mechanisms of skin diseases. (mdpi.com)
  • For this Special Issue, we invite research articles on various aspects of skin pathophysiology and cellular mechanisms of its diseases. (mdpi.com)
  • Sub-Objective 2.i: Identify novel virus-host genetic determinants of virulence by systematic screening of almost all previously uncharacterized virus genes. (usda.gov)
  • How these distinct mechanisms of genetic diversification might simultaneously facilitate adaptation to host immune defenses is unknown. (elifesciences.org)
  • This study reveals a new mechanism for the fluid gain of beneficial mutations in genetic regions undergoing active recombination in viruses and illustrates the value of long read sequencing technologies for investigating complex genome dynamics in diverse biological systems. (elifesciences.org)
  • The development of a new oncolytic virus usually involves genetic engineering of a backbone virus. (e-crt.org)
  • Techniques that are commonly used for genetic engineering include deletion and insertion of specific genes within a virus genome. (e-crt.org)
  • Apoptin Enhances the Oncolytic Activity of Vaccinia Virus in vitro. (megagrant.ru)
  • In vitro-selected drug-resistant varicella-zoster virus mutants in the thymidine kinase and DNA polymerase genes yield novel phenotype-genotype associations and highlight differences between antiherpesvirus drugs. (neb.com)
  • Clinicians who need assistance with the diagnosis and management of patients with suspected complications of vaccinia virus vaccination should consult with their state/local public health department . (cdc.gov)
  • No antivirals are currently approved by the FDA for treatment of complications which might arise from vaccinia vaccination, but some may be used under expanded access investigational new drug (IND) protocols. (cdc.gov)
  • Tecovirimat has been used in a small number of individuals to date for the treatment of severe adverse events resulting from vaccinia virus vaccination, and effectiveness data in humans is limited. (cdc.gov)
  • Respiratory syncytial virus synergizes with Th2 cytokines to induce optimal levels of TARC/CCL17. (uiowa.edu)
  • however, there are limited data on the effectiveness in the treatment of vaccinia-related complications in humans. (cdc.gov)
  • Nß cells displayed features of antigen-presenting cells and activated virus -specific CD8 T cells . (bvsalud.org)
  • This also includes to broaden our knowledge and understanding of virus-host interactions on the molecular level for instance with components of the antigen processing and presentation machinery. (uniklinik-duesseldorf.de)
  • We found that CTL responses against MVA-produced antigens were dominated by cross-priming in vivo , despite the ability of the virus to efficiently infect professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) such as dendritic cells (DC). (uniklinik-duesseldorf.de)
  • Therapeutic Candidate or Device Allogeneic iPSC derived dopamine progenitors delivered to the brain of Parkinson's disease patients Indication Idiopathic Parkinson's disease Therapeutic Mechanism The cellular product reconstitutes dopaminergic neuron circuits lost owing to the disease Unmet Medical Need There are currently disease modifying therapies. (ca.gov)
  • Therapeutic Candidate or Device OSSM007: cryopreserved, interferon-gamma-primed bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) Indication acute Graft versus host disease (aGVHD) resulting from hematopoietic cell transplantation Therapeutic Mechanism Immunomodulation of host-reactive T cells to induce operational tolerance of donor HSC-derived lymphocytes through direct cell-to-cell contact and secreted paracrine factors. (ca.gov)
  • Therapeutic Candidate or Device Autologous blood stem cells edited to restore iduronidase expression Indication Severe Mucopolysaccharidosis Type 1 (MPS1/ Hurler's syndrome) Therapeutic Mechanism Autologous blood stem cells undergo genome editing to restore the production of the missing enzyme. (ca.gov)
  • Therapeutic Candidate or Device Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells collected from X-CGD patients modified with a highly regulated lentiviral vector Indication X-linked Chronic Granulomatous Disease Therapeutic Mechanism Lentiviral vector (LV) modification of autologous hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to restore physiologic gp91phox expression. (ca.gov)
  • Oncolytic viruses are an emerging class of cancer therapeutic agents that exert antitumor effects generally through tumor-specific cell lysis paired with immune stimulation [ 1 ]. (e-crt.org)
  • second, an inserted transgene may introduce new antitumor mechanisms to the oncolytic virus. (e-crt.org)
  • May 16, 2022 The vaccinia virus uses its own machinery and not that of the cell it infects to repair ultraviolet radiation-caused damage to its DNA, according to new research. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The virus infects squirrel, rat, and shrew species in at least 10 countries in West and Central Africa and occasionally jumps into the human population. (ina-respond.net)
  • Cidofovir shows anti-BK virus activity in a subgroup of transplant recipients. (wikipedia.org)
  • ZMapp), anti-sense phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMO AVI-6002), lipid nanoparticle small interfering RNA (LNP-siRNA: TKM-Ebola), and an EBOV glycoprotein-based vaccine using live-attenuated recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV-EBOGP) or a chimpanzee adenovirus (rChAd-EBOGP)-based vector. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our research has shown that resveratrol inhibits vaccinia virus from making copies of its DNA and genome. (newswise.com)
  • Genome condensation and packaging are essential processes in the life cycle of viruses. (mdpi.com)
  • The genome of a cell is under constant attack, suffering DNA damage that requires an army of repair mechanisms to keep the cell healthy and alive. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Immunosuppression can be caused by pathogens such as chicken infectious anemia virus, infectious bursal disease virus, reovirus, and some retroviruses (e.g., reticuloendotheliosis virus). (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Condeelis further concluded his talk with the potential molecular mechanism underlying the effects of macrophages on metastasis. (science20.com)
  • Molecular modelling of BH3 peptides into the N1 surface groove, together with analysis of their physico-chemical properties, suggests a mechanism for the specificity of peptide recognition. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Despite their importance, a comprehensive understanding of EVs is challenged by the complex networks of virus-host and virus-virus interactions that underlie their morphogenesis and function. (hhs.gov)
  • Departing from Condeelis' theme is the talk by Dr. Christopher Contag, who used real-time whole-body tracing to track the synergistic tumor-killing activity of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells and oncolytic vaccinia virus (vv) in a mouse xenograft model of ovarian cancer. (science20.com)
  • Using a combination of bioluminescent imaging (for vaccinia virus expressing luciferase reporter) and far red cy5.5 fluorescence imaging (for cy5.5 conjugated CIK cells), Contag discovered that CIK cells serve as an effective delivery vessel for vaccinia virus- enhancing the delivery of vaccinia virus specifically to the tumor site. (science20.com)
  • Importantly, CIKs must be pre-infected with vaccinia virus, and that vaccinia virus must be delivered by CIKs, in order to achieve this level tumor specificity, suggesting remarkable synergy between CIKs and vaccinia virus. (science20.com)
  • The effects on the innate and acquired immune responses and the mechanisms by which mycotoxins, stress, and infectious agents cause immunosuppression are discussed. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Within each experimental group, some individuals experienced more severe disease than others but line 15I birds experienced milder disease based on average clinical scores, percentage of birds with gross pathology, average bursal lesion scores and average peak bursal virus titre. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • hMPXV is a 200 to 250 nm large, brick shaped, enveloped, cytoplasmic virus that binds to glycosaminoglycans to enter the host cells. (ina-respond.net)
  • Immunoevasion is a common ploy by which viruses neutralize or evade immune responses. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Proposed mechanisms to account for the increased susceptibility of individuals with AD to develop KVE or EH include systemic immune defects involving both cell-mediated and humoral immunity, as well as impairment in cutaneous immune responses that are interrelated with the defective mechanical barrier properties of affected skin in person with AD. (medscape.com)
  • and nurse-led Chlamydia and human papilloma virus (HPV)/cervical cancer screening. (cdc.gov)