Mechanisms underlying cell. Medical search. Frequent questions

Researchers from Florida Atlantic University's College of Engineering and Computer Science, in collaboration with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), sought to identify the role of hypoxia on red blood cell aging via the biomechanical pathways. (myspaceastronomy.com)
CagA interacts with multiple host proteins within the gastric epithelial cells, thereby inducing pathways associated with oncogenesis and promoting gastric carcinogenesis. (medicalxpress.com)
In order to carry out their study, the researchers expressed oncoprotein CagA in three different models-embryos of Xenopus laevis (lab frog), adult mouse stomach, and cultured human gastric epithelial cells-and tried to understand its effect on the host cells and pathways. (medicalxpress.com)
The proper differentiation and survival of human peripheral immature B cells relies on two critical signaling pathways: B cell receptor (BCR) signaling and the B cell activating factor (BAFF)/BAFF-receptor (BAFF-R) signaling axis. (ubc.ca)
However, in recent years, there has been increasing evidence that metformin exerts its anticancer effects through the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) of tumor cell mitochondria, and metabolic pathways based on metformin targeting have only recently become the focus of intensive research. (spandidos-publications.com)
Silencing of Chl1 impairs β-cell function by disrupting the activity of key signaling pathways of importance for insulin biosynthesis and secretion. (lu.se)
In terminally differentiated cell fate is coupled to appropriate regulation of the alternative cells, transcriptional networks must be stable and irreversible, pathways. (lu.se)
While sex differences are attributed to the combined effects of sex hormones, sex chromosomes and societal factors, it is still unknown how biological sex influences genes and pathways in immune cells that significantly impact immune responses. (lu.se)
We are located at BMC B12, and the projects in our lab entail performing human blood cell cultures, stimulating immune cells to assess immune function via different methods (i.e. flowcytometry, etc), and identifying genes and pathways regulated by sex hormone receptors (CRISPR, CUT&RUN sequencing). (lu.se)
To identify targetable mechanisms and pathways underlying initiation and progression of MARD and CVD. (lu.se)

however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. (researchgate.net)
Ncad expression level is precisely and dynamically controlled throughout development, however the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. (researchgate.net)
Despite these correlations, the mechanisms underlying these models remain largely unknown. (pasteur.fr)

The interactions between hypoxia and cell biomechanics and the underlying biochemical mechanisms of the accelerated damage in diseased red blood cells are well understood, however, the exact biomechanical consequences of hypoxia contributing to red blood cell degradation (aging) remains elusive. (myspaceastronomy.com)
However, the underlying mechanisms associated with its biochemical activity have not been fully determined yet. (medicalxpress.com)
The biochemical mechanisms depend on the underlying cell type. (medscape.com)

It is now a widely used model system to decipher regulatory mechanisms of stem cell biology. (nih.gov)
An insight into the biology of ischemic stroke indicates that a stream of molecular events initiates instantly after the onset of ischemic stroke, such as oxidative stress, increased level of intracellular calcium, excitotoxicity, and inflammation which results in apoptotic or necrotic neuronal cell death [ 12 - 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
Its pharmacology and cell biology are largely unknown, and no known natural cell lines or tissues possess sufficient numbers of fBB 4 -R's to allow either of these to be determined. (acs.org)
From the basic biology perspective, these findings have revealed that cell fates are inherently plastic and are dynamically regulated. (stanford.edu)
Diverse techniques in molecular biology , immunology, and physiology are utilized to study epithelial cell innate immunity, olfactory loss, and response to viral infection. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
We use state-of-the-art techniques, including single-channel and whole-cell patch clamp, microfluorimetry, conventional and two-photon fluorescence imaging, and molecular biology to study the structure and function of single proteins to the intact muscle. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Understanding cell-fate decisions in stem cell populations is a major goal of modern biology. (lu.se)
Training/knowledge of immunology, as well as experience with cell culture and molecular biology are both desired but not required. (lu.se)

The aim of the present investigation was to elucidate the cellular mechanisms whereby Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro in keratinocytes, the target cells in psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
In this study we aim to determine the cellular mechanisms underlying the therapy-induced cognitive problems and work towards the identification of drugs that can attenuate these effects to improve cognition. (nki.nl)
The cellular mechanisms for primary adrenocortical tumorigenesis are just beginning to be understood. (medscape.com)

Through the use of transgenic and knockout murine models, the effects of BAFF on murine B cell maturation and survival are well characterized. (ubc.ca)
The mechanisms underlying sperm maturation are relatively understudied and poorly understood. (news-medical.net)
before this technology was available it was challenging to study the mechanisms of sperm maturation. (news-medical.net)
Proteins are crucial for cell-to-cell signaling, and are therefore necessary to carry out complex processes like cell maturation. (news-medical.net)

Nonetheless, the molecular mechanisms by which microglia regulate nerve regeneration and determine depressive-like behaviors remain unclear. (frontiersin.org)
Importantly, this article elucidates a plausible mechanism by which microglia regulate inflammation and neurogenesis in ameliorating MDD. (frontiersin.org)
My laboratory works on the genetic and molecular mechanisms that regulate aging and aging-related disease. (berkeley.edu)
This discovery on ageing underscores the importance of basic research in understanding the mechanisms that regulate stem cell properties and function to pave the way for future development of innovative diagnostic or therapeutic strategies. (pasteur.fr)

This is in part because the high-quality, fresh-frozen human brain tissue from patients with COVID-19 needed for single-cell transcriptomic studies is largely inaccessible, and methods to isolate human brain barrier cells have only recently emerged 22 , 23 . (nature.com)
The underlying mechanisms of this decline at the cellular level is still largely unknown. (nki.nl)

ABSTRACT Molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of pemphigus vulgaris are still not clear. (who.int)

In this particular case, the coordination of flagella plays vital roles in phenomena ranging from embryo development to respiratory physiology, and thus the search for the mechanisms underlying synchronisation can yield insights on many fronts. (cam.ac.uk)

Our analysis of the IGC single- cell atlas together with bulk transcriptome data contributes to understanding TME heterogeneity at the molecular level during IGC development and provides insights for elucidating the mechanism of IGC and discovering novel targets for precise therapy . (bvsalud.org)
By examining the transcriptome and epigenome of individual muscle stem cells simultaneously, we found that DNA transcribes* more chaotically in older muscle stem cells compared to those in younger mice. (pasteur.fr)

They generated genetically modified (transgenic) mice that specifically express the CagA oncoprotein in the stomach epithelial cells in response to tamoxifen treatment. (medicalxpress.com)
Finally, the team expressed the CagA oncoprotein in cultured human gastric epithelial cells. (medicalxpress.com)
Our results show that 1) MWCNT decreased cell viability of epithelial cells in a dose and time dependent manner, 2) MWCNT exposure induced secretion of fibrogenic mediators from lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts at physiologically relevant concentrations of 0.02 to 0.6 ug/cm2 and 3) MWCNT directly induced collagen production from lung fibroblasts. (cdc.gov)
In conclusion, MWCNT induced fibrogenic mediators in cultured human lung epithelial cells and stimulated collagen production from fibroblasts. (cdc.gov)
Ongoing work explores how epithelial cells of the sinuses and olfactory mucosa participate in the immune response and contribute to chronic inflammation. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

Furthermore, Tan IIA-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential changes were also further demonstrated by DNA fragmentation, single-cell gel electrophoresis assay (SCGE), and flow cytometry methods. (hindawi.com)
Therefore, based on clinical experience as well as cytotoxic activity against multiple human cancer cells, we hypothesized that induction of apoptosis is the underlying mechanism for the treatment of psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
The PLCγ2 mutation led to hyper-reactive BCR signaling and increased apoptosis of transitional B cells. (ubc.ca)
Silencing of Chl1 in INS-1 cells was done to assess its impact on the insulin secretion, content, cell viability, and apoptosis. (lu.se)
Cell viability, apoptosis, and proliferation rate were not affected. (lu.se)

Collaborations are in place with the School of Public Health to explore mechanisms of anti-viral immunity in influenza and COVID-19. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

The assay holds promise for investigating hypoxic effects on the metastatic potential and relevant drug resistance of cancer cells. (myspaceastronomy.com)
Cancer cells are more metastatic in a hypoxic tumor microenvironment and cancer cell stiffness has been shown to be an effective biomarker of their metastatic potential. (myspaceastronomy.com)
Integrated analysis of single-cell RNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying the immune microenvironment in the development of intestinal-type gastric cancer. (bvsalud.org)
New findings reveal checkpoint inhibitors target only specific subsets of tumor-infiltrating T cell populations during cancer treatment. (pharmacytimes.com)
A specialized protein delivered by H. pylori to the host, oncoprotein "CagA," has been shown to interact with multiple host proteins and promote gastric carcinogenesis (transformation of normal cells to cancer cells ). (medicalxpress.com)
Previous studies have demonstrated that glycolysis inhibitors reduce the proliferation of non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells by interfering with the aerobic glycolytic pathway. (spandidos-publications.com)
However, the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway in tumor cells has also been implicated in lung cancer metabolism. (spandidos-publications.com)
There are primarily two types of lung cancer: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and SCLC, and the former accounts for ~85% of all lung cancer cases ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Certain metabolic alterations, also referred to as metabolic reprogramming, are commonly observed in tumor cells and are proposed to be hallmarks of cancer ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The most striking and characteristic metabolic alteration in cancer cells is anomalous glucose metabolism and cancer cells tend to utilize glycolysis to obtain energy even under aerobic conditions via a process called 'aerobic glycolysis' ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
In the 1920s, Otto Heinrich Warburg discovered that cancer cells, unlike normal cells, use the glycolytic pathway to obtain energy for growth even in the presence of oxygen, which is a phenomenon known as 'aerobic glycolysis' or the Warburg effect ( 9 ), and aerobic glycolysis is a common metabolic phenotype in NSCLC ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
It has been reported that lung cancer cells exhibit upregulated expression of all key glycolytic enzymes [hexokinase 2 (HK2), phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase (PK)] ( 13 ), suggesting that the essential enzymes of the aerobic glycolytic pathway have a critical role in the development of lung carcinoma. (spandidos-publications.com)
We are interested in understanding the role of the extracellular matrix in regulating stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, and how this regulation goes awry in cancer. (stanford.edu)
Genetic Events and Signaling Mechanisms Underlying Schwann Cell Fate in Development and Cancer. (ucsf.edu)
Here, we investigated a radioiodinated PARP inhibitor, [ 125 I]KX1, and show drug target specific DNA damage and subsequent killing of BRCA1 and non-BRCA mutant ovarian cancer cells at sub-pharmacological concentrations several orders of magnitude lower than traditional PARP inhibitors. (osti.gov)
In the present study, we present evidence that apo-10'-lycopenoic acid, is effective at inhibiting angiogenesis, migration and invasion of human cancer cells. (usda.gov)
In conclusion, apo-10'-lycopenoic acid inhibits cancer cell motility and angiogenesis, which could be one of the potential mechanisms for apo-10'-lycopenoic acid protecting against tumor progression. (usda.gov)
We hypothesized that ALA inhibits cancer cell motility and angiogenesis by up-regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) which is involved in controlling angiogenesis, tumor progression and metastasis. (usda.gov)
Methods and results: ALA treatment, in dose-dependent manner, was effective at inhibiting migration and invasion of liver and lung cancer cells (HuH7 and A549) in both Transwell and wound-healing models, as well as suppressing actin remodeling and ruffling/lamellipodia formation in HuH7 and immortalized lung BEAS-2B cells. (usda.gov)
Evidence the fate of stem cells has broad ramifications for biomedical suggests that during development or differentiation, cells make science from elucidating the causes of cancer to the use of very precise transitions between apparently stable ``network stem cells in regenerative medicine. (lu.se)

Rapid conversion of hESC and hiPSC into functional induced neuronal (iN) cells could be achieved in less than two weeks by overexpression of exogenous Ngn2 or ASCL1/DLX2. (nih.gov)

Protein and gene expression of apoptotic signaling pathway-related proteins such as caspase-3, cytochrome c, and PARP were determined to provide evidence for the mechanisms of action of Tan IIA in the treatment of psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
This gene provides instructions for making a protein that is important for proper chromosome separation during cell division . (medlineplus.gov)
All identified mutations in the ESCO2 gene prevent the cell from producing any functional ESCO2 protein, which causes some of the glue between sister chromatids to be missing around the chromosome's constriction point ( centromere ). (medlineplus.gov)
Because both mildly and severely affected individuals lack any functional ESCO2 protein, the underlying cause of the variation in disease severity remains unknown. (medlineplus.gov)
Muscle stem cell from young mouse stained with the transcription factor Pax7 and in contact with the muscle fibre through the extracellular matrix protein M-Cadherin. (pasteur.fr)
This matrix protein is decreased in muscle stem cells in old mice thereby destabilising contact with the fibre. (pasteur.fr)
Together with data obtained after treatment with various agents known to affect membrane organization in vitro , our findings suggest that a phosphorylation-controlled interaction between the cytoskeleton and the integral membrane protein band 3 is part of the membrane-centered mechanism that plays a role in deformability as well as aggregation. (frontiersin.org)
Studies of inborn errors of metabolism and membrane protein composition, in combination with the structural and functional changes that occur during RBC aging, have led to a membrane-centered molecular understanding of red blood cell function and survival, and of the role of membrane molecules in cell morphology and membrane organization. (frontiersin.org)
Additionally, ALA dose-dependently increased the mRNA expression and protein levels of PPARgamma in human THLE-2 liver cells. (usda.gov)

Improper regulation of adult stem cells and tissue homeostasis can result in cancers and age-dependent decline. (nih.gov)
Therefore, understanding how tissue-specific stem cells can accurately renew tissues is an important aim of regenerative medicine. (nih.gov)
Fig. 1: Overview of diverse brain and choroid plexus cell types captured from post-mortem tissue from patients with COVID-19. (nature.com)
Given the vast differences in metabolism between healthy and tumor cells, there is hope that selective targeting of tumor metabolism may be achieved while limiting toxicity to healthy tissue. (spandidos-publications.com)
N-cadherin-mediated adhesion is essential for maintaining the tissue architecture and stem cell niche in the developing neocortex. (researchgate.net)
We hypothesize that either small changes in cell composition during ageing may affect the epigenetic age of a tissue, or that our epigenetic clocks for mice need further refinement" says Shahragim Tajbakhsh. (pasteur.fr)
Tissue oxygenation depends on hemoglobin as much as on red blood cell (RBC) characteristics such as metabolism, communication with the immune system, deformability and aggregation behavior. (frontiersin.org)
The next step, however, is to carry out similar experiments in human cells and tissue to see whether findings are replicated. (news-medical.net)

In particular, they examined hypoxia-induced impairment of red blood cell deformability at the single cell level, compared the differences between non-cyclic hypoxia and cyclic hypoxia, and documented any cumulative effect vs. hypoxia cycles, such as aspects that have not been studied quantitatively. (myspaceastronomy.com)
Further study will be needed to understand the mechanisms underlying the observed differences. (cdc.gov)

Early fate decisions in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. (lu.se)
To varying degrees, these fates also extend to the Such state stability is required in stem and progenitor cells to immediate progeny of stem cells, known as progenitor or support self-renewal and maintenance of the uncommitted transit-amplifying cells. (lu.se)

Nevertheless, the mechanism underlying this effect remains unclear. (lu.se)

Cell Replacement Therapy for Parkinson's Disease - Evaluating the potential of autologous grafting. (lu.se)

The modification of proteins with ubiquitin is an important cellular mechanism for targeting abnormal or short-lived proteins for degradation. (wikipedia.org)
These data indicate that olfactory receptor (OR) proteins are indeed present in the axonal processes and nerve terminals of olfactory sensory neurons, thus supporting the notion that ORs may participate in the molecular processes underlying the fasciculation and targeting of olfactory axons. (jneurosci.org)

The objective of this study was to provide a generalized critique for the role of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in ischemic stroke injury, its underlying mechanisms, and constraints on its preclinical and clinical applications. (hindawi.com)
Thus, we attempted to present an overview of previously published reports to evaluate the progress and provide molecular basis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy and its application in preclinical and clinical settings, which could aid in designing an effective regenerative therapeutic strategy in the future. (hindawi.com)
In the present review, NSCLC metabolism was discussed with a focus on the potential of metformin-based targeting of NSCLC metabolism and the associated mechanisms, and the available preclinical and clinical evidence was assessed. (spandidos-publications.com)

Here, we review recent findings on how adult intestinal stem cells differentiate, interact with their environment, and change during aging. (nih.gov)
Our findings provide the molecular mechanisms by which Tan IIA can be used to treat psoriasis and support the traditional use of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bungee (Labiatae) for psoriasis and related skin diseases. (hindawi.com)
Findings from the study indicate an important biophysical mechanism underlying red blood cell aging in which the cyclic hypoxia challenge alone can lead to mechanical degradation of the red blood cell membrane. (myspaceastronomy.com)
Findings from the analysis showed treatment with anti-CTLA-4 increased the presence of ICOS-containing CD4 effector T cells, which were strongly associated with smaller tumors in the mice. (pharmacytimes.com)
Clinically, these findings have uncovered the possibility of unprecedented sources for patient-autologous cells with far reaching implications in a variety of diseases. (stanford.edu)
While previous experimental findings were consistent with mathematical theories describing the fluid motion, these experiments could not exclude other mechanisms for achieving synchronisation, such as chemical signalling or physical connections between flagella. (cam.ac.uk)

In summary, the researchers conclude that through this study, they were able to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in gastric carcinogenesis induced by H. pylori, gain insights into the role of the Wnt/PCP pathway in carcinogenesis, and propose it as a potential target for clinical interventions against H. pylori cagA + infections. (medicalxpress.com)

The long-term goal of our research is to understand the fundamental mechanisms that govern and reprogram cellular fate during development, regeneration and disease. (stanford.edu)
The role and effect of 5hmC on 5mC turnover and hence DNA demethylation, on gene expression per se and stem cell fate and differentiation is a topic of vigorous interest. (stanford.edu)
A key challenge is to understand how state, but must also afford flexibility in cell-fate choice to permit the different cell-fate options confronting stem and progenitor cell-type diversification and differentiation in response to cells are selected and coordinated such that adoption of a given intrinsic cues or extrinsic signals. (lu.se)
2008). Historically, this concept is highlighted by the experi- factors are key intrinsic regulators of these fate decisions and mental phenomenon of lineage reprogramming, for example, that fate choice involves modulating networks of transcription by the conversion of fibroblasts to muscles cells following trans- factors. (lu.se)
Macrophage differentiation into functional phenotypes influences the fate of nanomaterials taken up by these immune cells. (cdc.gov)

In order to better understand BCR signaling mechanisms, functional properties of human BAFF and factors regulating BAFF-R expression, this thesis describes: 1) the phenotypic, molecular and functional characterization of rare unknown inherited monogenic immunodeficiencies involving defects in early B cell development and the BAFF/BAFF-R pathway and, 2) the functional characterization of dysregulated BAFF/BAFF-R signaling in B cell malignancy. (ubc.ca)
The presence of neurotransmitter receptors in microglia illustrates their functional connection to neurons and this receptor activation could cause microglial cells to perform different activation phenotypes ( Pocock and Kettenmann, 2007 ). (frontiersin.org)
hiPSCs and hESCs were differentiated into functional neurons following a modified version of published step-wise differentiation protocol(s). hESC- as well as hiPSC-derived neural stem/progenitor cell (NSC/NPC) colonies formed rosettes and expressed neural precursor markers Nestin and Sox2. (nih.gov)

Although, most of these studies have focused on treatment of tumors, the effects and mechanism of action in keratinocytes are still poorly understood. (hindawi.com)
Both anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 treatments expanded the presence of CD8 T cells, which was also associated with smaller tumors in mice. (pharmacytimes.com)
Subsequent analyses of surgically removed human melanoma tumors revealed the anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 each expanded the T cell populations analogous to those in the mouse models. (pharmacytimes.com)
Another characteristic architectural feature found in many of these tumors is a pseudoalveolar pattern in which cells are arranged in alveolae with central cellular discohesion (see the fourth image below). (medscape.com)
Psammoma bodies and scattered xanthoma cells have been described in some tumors. (medscape.com)
HUTCHMED plans to develop and seek approval for TAZVERIK ® in various hematological and solid tumors, including ES, FL and diffuse large b-cell lymphoma ("DLBCL") in its Territory. (businesswire.com)

In a paper published online September 13th in Stem Cell Reports , Foundation 2013 NARSAD Distinguished Investigator Grantee Vivian Hook, Ph.D. , and colleagues at the Salk Institute in La Jolla, California, report that they have discovered a way to stimulate neurons that are derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs)-from the skin cells of patients with schizophrenia -to release neurotransmitters. (bbrfoundation.org)
In this study, Drs. Hook, Gage and colleagues created stem cells and then neurons in culture dishes using skin cells from three people with schizophrenia and compared them with three control subjects. (bbrfoundation.org)
The significance of this study is that patient-derived stem cell neurons can uncover previously unknown neurotransmitter brain mechanisms occurring in schizophrenia," explains Dr. Hook. (bbrfoundation.org)
Because in vivo human brain research is limited, hiPSC neurons derived from patients create new opportunities to understand changes in brain cells occurring in nervous system disorders. (bbrfoundation.org)
Olfactory receptors are supposed to act not only as molecular sensors for odorants but also as cell recognition molecules guiding the axons of olfactory neurons to their appropriate glomerulus in the olfactory bulb. (jneurosci.org)

Although components and events downstream of the BCR are well known, the mechanisms of BCR signaling and its role in the regulation of BAFF signaling are still poorly understood. (ubc.ca)
But the underlying mechanisms of the neurological disorder remain poorly understood. (lclark.edu)

In stem cells in aged individuals, both transcriptional and epigenetic changes associated with ageing have been observed. (pasteur.fr)
The expression of key molecules of β-cell function including Insulin, Pdx1, Gck, Glut2, and Insrβ was down-regulated in Chl1 -silenced cells at transcriptional and translational levels. (lu.se)

We hope that understanding more about the underlying processes involved in insomnia will pave the way for better and more personalized treatments, which in turn could reduce the number of people suffering from insomnia and improve the long-term health of those that do. (sleepreviewmag.com)

We aim to provide the basis for establishing a future study to promote the clinical translation of stem cell therapy in ischemic brain diseases. (hindawi.com)
Due to its clinical and etiological heterogeneity, the molecular mechanisms underpinning MDD are complex and they are not fully understood. (frontiersin.org)
The biological properties and clinical potential of stem cells elicit that are generated must not be unduly sensitive to small fluctu- continued scientific, commercial, and public interest. (lu.se)

Our results showed that the deformability of red blood cells decreases under deoxygenation conditions by before-and-after mechanical characterization of individual cells in response to the switching of oxygen levels within a microfluidic device. (myspaceastronomy.com)

Also, we found that most of these correlations were absent in misshapen red blood cells that have an inborn defect in the interaction between the membrane and the cytoskeleton. (frontiersin.org)

For this study, single-cell RNA-seq data related to IGC were downloaded from the GEO database, and immune cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME) were annotated using R software . (bvsalud.org)
Changes in the proportion of immune cells and altered cell-to-cell interactions were explored at different disease stages using R software , with a focus on plasma cells . (bvsalud.org)
The results indicated that for precancerous lesions, interactions between immune cells were mainly dominated by chemokines to stimulate the infiltration and activation of immune cells . (bvsalud.org)
They analyzed infiltrating immune cells from mouse tumor models and human melanomas treated with either anti-CTLA-4 or anti PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors. (pharmacytimes.com)
As the immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), microglia could influence neurogenesis through the M1 and M2 subtypes, and these may promote depressive-like behaviors. (frontiersin.org)
Microglial cells are the brain's immune cells in the CNS. (frontiersin.org)

Across cell types, perturbations associated with COVID-19 overlap with those found in chronic brain disorders and reside in genetic variants associated with cognition, schizophrenia and depression. (nature.com)

Many if not all of these processes depend on the organization of the RBC membrane that enables the complex, dynamic interactions between the cell membrane and various intracellular and extracellular molecules. (frontiersin.org)
Individual triglyceride molecules can be oxidatively metabolized under conditions of energy scarcity to provide energy for metabolizing cells. (news-medical.net)
CD117 by immunohistochemical methods sion molecules, involved in cell-cell and in order to clarify the role of the infiltrating cell matrix interactions and thought to take inflammatory cells in the pathomechanisms part in cell motility [ 2,3 ]. (who.int)

In addition, an interplay between poor cellular deformability and impaired oxygen delivery is found in various pathological processes such as sickle cell disease. (myspaceastronomy.com)
For the study, published in the journal Lab on a Chip , researchers developed a multifaceted microfluidic in vitro assay to precisely control the gaseous environment while probing the mechanical performance of red blood cells, which can be used as a characterization tool for other cell types involved in oxygen-dependent biological processes. (myspaceastronomy.com)
Measurements of biomarkers, such as oxidative damage, can provide additional information to establish quantitative relationships between the fatigue loading and the biological processes, allowing a better understanding of red blood cell failure and aging. (myspaceastronomy.com)

Stem cells have essential functions in the development and maintenance of our organs. (nih.gov)
The team noted that the expression of the CagA oncoprotein in X. laevis embryos led to impairment of convergent extension movements-cell movements observed during embryonic development that are involved in shaping or elongating organismal tissues and organs. (medicalxpress.com)
Our results indicate that MALT1 is essential for antigen-receptor mediated NF-κB activation and plays a role in the surface expression of BAFF-R and proper development of human B cells. (ubc.ca)
The signs and symptoms of Roberts syndrome may result from the loss of cells from various tissues during early development. (medlineplus.gov)
The Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) regulates cell plasticity during embryonic development and in disease. (researchgate.net)
Germ Cell Development and Regeneration in. (hhmi.org)
Seeking understand the decline in function of tissues in organisms, researchers from the Stem Cells and Development unit at Institut Pasteur made a discovery on the still unknown mechanisms of the epigenetic clock in stem cells. (pasteur.fr)
says Shahragim Tajbakhsh, head of the Stem Cells and Development Unit at Institut Pasteur. (pasteur.fr)
Studies focus on understanding mechanism and regulation in the pathway toward the development of selective inhibitors of isoprenoid biosynthesis. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

Corresponding author Masanori Hatakeyama, Laboratory Head, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, says, "Perturbation of Wnt/PCP signaling by the H. pylori CagA-VANGL interaction induces hyperplastic changes, along with impaired cell differentiation in gastric pyloric glands. (medicalxpress.com)
Self-reactive early immature B cells are eliminated in response to strong BCR-induced signals, while late immature B cells require BCR-induced signals for survival and further differentiation. (ubc.ca)
Stem and progenitor cell populations are often heterogeneous, which may reflect stem cell subsets that express subtly different properties, including different propensities for lineage selection upon differentiation, yet remain able to interconvert. (lu.se)

Stem cell numbers usually decline during aging thereby confounding results when total cell populations are surveyed. (pasteur.fr)

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), generated by introduction of a few defined factors in a somatic cell, provide an ideal patient-specific source for disease modeling, drug discovery and cellular therapies. (stanford.edu)
WAT can transdifferentiate (transforms from one mature somatic cell type into another) into BAT. (news-medical.net)

Camila Consiglio, DDLS-fellow at Lund Stem Cell Center. (lu.se)

The researchers observed that CagA expression in the stomach of adult mice caused an increase in the depth of pyloric glands-secretory glands that facilitate digestion/stomach function-and also triggered abnormal/excessive cell multiplication, which is a phenomenon remarkably observed in various types of cancers. (medicalxpress.com)

A new study published in Science Signaling on 18 July 2023 shares insights into the additional mechanism of oncogenic CagA action. (medicalxpress.com)
Atsushi Takahashi-Kanemitsu, The Helicobacter Pylori CagA Oncoprotein Disrupts Wnt/PCP Signaling and Promotes Hyperproliferation of Pyloric Gland Base Cells, Science Signaling (2023). (medicalxpress.com)

Name physiological mechanisms where transport is operational? (fsu.edu)
Understanding the mechanisms involved in guiding at least under homeostatic or physiological conditions. (lu.se)

McGraw Lab - Understanding the mechanisms of fibrotic lung disease in order to bring new therapies to people who suffer from this devastating disease. (rochester.edu)
Rational strategies can then be devised to correct dysfunction during the progression of disease through a comprehensive understanding of basic mechanisms. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

Xp11.2 translocation-associated renal cell carcinomas are generally cortical or subcapsular, well-circumscribed lesions with yellow-tan, variegated cut surfaces. (medscape.com)

Despite the tremendous progress that has been made in the therapeutic use of Tan IIA, the molecular mechanism(s) involved in the treatment of psoriasis remain(s) unresolved. (hindawi.com)
In recent years, it was shown that T helper 17 (Th17) cells are involved in the pathogenesis of IBD, which makes them an attractive therapeutic target. (mdpi.com)
Therapeutic approaches that target the metabolism of tumor cells have been a popular research topic in recent years. (spandidos-publications.com)

Other research in the lab examines the molecular mechanism of how skin mast cells sensitize sensory nerves under inflammatory states. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a life-threate- disorders and to shed a light on the role of ning blistering skin disease in which pa- mast cells in autoimmune diseases [ 7 ]. (who.int)

within a given tumor, cells may be variably arranged in broad sheets, nests, trabeculae, true papillae, or pseudopapillae (see the first 3 images below). (medscape.com)
at least focally, tumor cells often have abundant clear cytoplasm, mimicking clear cell RCC. (medscape.com)
In Xp11.2 translocation-associated renal cell carcinoma, tumor cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and high nuclear grade are often arranged in large nests with a delicate, intervening vascular stroma. (medscape.com)
The nests of tumor cells in Xp11.2 translocation-associated renal cell carcinomas may become centrally discohesive, giving rise to a pseudoalveolar growth pattern. (medscape.com)

In this present study, we investigated important MWCNT-induced fibrogenic mediators using cultured lung cell systems. (cdc.gov)
Human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells, alveolar epithelial (A549) cells, and lung fibroblast (CRL1490) cells were treated with MWCNT. (cdc.gov)

The Drosophila midgut harbors multipotent adult stem cells that are essential to renew the gut in homeostatic conditions and upon stress-induced regeneration. (nih.gov)
38. Do Schwann cells or Oligodendrocytes assist in regeneration? (fsu.edu)

The mechanism underlying the transformation of WAT is unknown. (news-medical.net)
The underlying mechanism remains unknown. (usda.gov)

For the study, researchers subjected red blood cells to a well-controlled repeated hypoxia microenvironment while allowing simultaneous characterization of the cell mechanical properties. (myspaceastronomy.com)
In a study published in Cell , investigators sought to comprehensively profile the effects of checkpoint blockades on tumor immune infiltrates in human melanoma and murine tumor models. (pharmacytimes.com)
The recent decade has seen encouraging outcomes of mesenchymal stem cell therapy that holds promise to alleviate the burden of neurological disorders Moreover, initial study data of preclinical trials have also indicated the effectiveness, tolerance, and safety of MSC-based therapy [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
In this study, we performed a serial of studies to investigate how Chl1 affects insulin secretion in INS-1 cells. (lu.se)
Two courses of four weekly infusions of rituximab with or without interferon-2a: final results from a randomized phase III study in symptomatic indolent B-cell lymphomas. (cancercentrum.se)
A variety of imaging and analytical methods have been developed to study nanoparticles in cells. (cdc.gov)

Translocation carcinoma is a renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtype that harbors a translocation involving a member of the microphthalmia transcription factor gene family. (medscape.com)
which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. (medlineplus.gov)
Similarly, GATA-1 has been shown to induce lineage switching expression values even if, for simplicity, we assume only ``on'' of committed cells in hematopoiesis, first in cell lines (Kulessa and ``off'' states for each gene. (lu.se)
In reality, gene somatic cells to a pluripotent cell state by a handful of transcrip- expression is graded, making the potential gene expression tion factors (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006). (lu.se)

Dynamics of neural circuits underlying information processing in the cerebral cortex. (berkeley.edu)

Anatomy1

Diseases4

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Phenomena and Processes1

Pathways10

Remain largely unknown3

Biochemical3

Biology8

Cellular mechanisms3

Maturation4

Regulate4

Largely2

Pathophysiology1

Physiology1

Transcriptome2

Epithelial cells5

Apoptosis5

Immunity1

Cancer20

Neuronal1

Protein9

Tissue8

Differences2

Stem and progenitor cells2

Unclear1

Parkinson's Disease1

Proteins2

Preclinical and clinical3

Findings6

Elucidate1

Fate5

Functional3

Tumors6

Neurons5

Poorly understood2

Transcriptional2

Pave the way1

Clinical3

Deformability of red blood1

Correlations1

Immune cells6

Genetic1

Molecules3

Processes3

Development9

Differentiation3

Populations1

Somatic cell2

Lund-stem-cell-center1

Abnormal1

20232

Physiological2

Understanding2

Cortical1

Therapeutic3

Mast cells2

Tumor cells4

Lung2

Regeneration2

Unknown2

Study6

Gene4

Neural1