• Anticancer drug gefitinib causes inflammation-based side effects, such as interstitial pneumonitis. (nature.com)
  • Together our results reveal the potential ability of gefitinib to initiate sterile inflammation via two distinct mechanisms, and identified IL-1β and HMGB1 as key determinants of gefitinib-induced inflammation that may provide insights into gefitinib-induced interstitial pneumonitis. (nature.com)
  • Interstitial Pneumonitis: Withhold for acute onset of new or progressive unexplained pulmonary symptoms. (nih.gov)
  • Upon completion of the combined degree program at the University of Pennsylvania, Dr. Chelsea Pinnix embarked on residency training in Radiation Oncology at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. (mdanderson.org)
  • Radiation Oncology is an ever evolving specialty. (mdanderson.org)
  • Dr. Pinnix joined the faculty in the Division of Radiation Oncology at MD Anderson Cancer Center in July of 2012. (mdanderson.org)
  • She intends to contribute to the growing body of literature in the field of radiation oncology with the ultimate goal of influencing the standard of care as well as the prevention and management of long term treatment related toxicity. (mdanderson.org)
  • An early dose-finding study by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 7301 study was conducted from 1973 to 1978 and studied four different doses and schedules: 40 Gy split course, 40 Gy continuously, 50 Gy, and 60 Gy. (frontiersin.org)
  • Sunitinib interacts with radiation therapy, leading to synergism of the toxicities of these treatments. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Guy, Christopher 2023-02-14 00:00:00 sIntroductionsRadiation pneumonitis (RP) is one of the clinically most common toxicities of radiation therapy for lung cancer. (sagepub.com)
  • Delivery of tumoricidal doses to the primary tumor and involved lymph nodes is balanced by treatment-related toxicities, namely esophagitis, pneumonitis, and cardiac injury. (frontiersin.org)
  • When patients undergo radiation to the chest there is a risk of inflammation to the lung tissue called pneumonitis. (scienceopen.com)
  • In normal wound healing, this inflammation response may subside and induce a vicious cycle of further inflammation once radiation pneumonitis happens, finally leading to the poor prognosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although most cases of pulmonary toxicity in medicine are due to side effects of medicinal drugs, many cases can be due to side effects of radiation (radiotherapy). (wikipedia.org)
  • Although skin has been the major site of radiation recall toxicity, instances involving other organ have been reported. (scienceopen.com)
  • The search terms 'radiation', 'recall', and 'toxicity' were used. (scienceopen.com)
  • Even though more localized dose delivery to patients with tumors via advanced radiation techniques can increase the survival rate and lessen radiation-related toxicity, the occurrence of radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is still inevitable and limits dose escalation for thoracic radiotherapy [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Many clinical trials are ongoing to see if the possibility of less intensive treatment could avoid some of the longterm adverse effects from radiation, surgery, or chemotherapy but still provide successful survival outcomes. (oncnursingnews.com)
  • Clinical scientists continue to observe superior survival of patients treated with combined chemotherapy and radiation approaches, yet the mechanisms behind this synergistic therapeutic approach are not fully understood. (mdanderson.org)
  • Severe myelosuppression may be expected particularly in patients pretreated with and/or receiving concomitant chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. (edrugswiki.com)
  • It is not yet known whether chemotherapy is effective in treating women who have undergone surgery and radiation therapy for relapsed breast cancer. (stanford.edu)
  • The current standard of care for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) includes radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery in certain individualized cases. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, for patients with more locally advanced NSCLC, 5-year OS after treatment with definitive radiation therapy and concurrent chemotherapy remains modest, at approximately 15-20% ( 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Prior to the advent of cytotoxic chemotherapy, lung cancer at all stages was treated surgically or by radiation alone ( 5 , 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Presently, stage III lung cancer is managed with a combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and sometimes surgery but the two major challenges in improving outcomes of the treatment of this disease remain local control and metastatic spread. (frontiersin.org)
  • But the novel therapies have also brought an evolution in traditional treatment regimens through their combination with chemotherapy, radiation, targeted therapy, or even other immunotherapy drugs. (ons.org)
  • The list of approved combinations is increasing and includes chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapies, epidermal growth factors, and other immunotherapies as well," Rubin says. (ons.org)
  • With immunotherapy taking a more prominent role in the treatment of several different malignancies and its own baseline risk of pneumonitis, it is important to explore the likelihood of RRP, specifically in those patients who have been previously treated with radiation therapy. (scienceopen.com)
  • Combining radiation and immunotherapy: a new systemic therapy for solid tumors? (scienceopen.com)
  • The majority of the drugs commonly used in cancer therapy have been involved in the radiation recall phenomenon. (scienceopen.com)
  • Radiation recall pneumonitis is a rare but serious complication of targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A 65-year-old man with RCC and bone metastasis underwent radiation therapy on his thoracic vertebrae (Th5-8) with a total dose of 24 Gy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sunitinib (37.5 mg) was started 14 days after completing the radiation therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To our knowledge, this is the first report of early onset recall pneumonitis during sunitinib therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • At present, how sunitinib interacts with radiation therapy remains unclear. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The possibility that tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy, including with sunitinib, after radiation therapy may lead to adverse effects should be kept in mind. (biomedcentral.com)
  • On January, 2012, during the follow-up period, bilateral lower limb paralysis occurred due to spinal compression from RCC bone metastasis (Figure 1 A). He underwent radiation therapy on his thoracic vertebrae (Th5-8) with a total dose of 24 Gy that was divided into six fractions (Figure 1 B and C). Sunitinib (37.5 mg) was started 14 days after completing the radiation therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The patient recovered from the interstitial lung disease completely during the 2 months of follow-up (Figure 2 D). Currently, he is undergoing targeted therapy with another tyrosine kinase inhibitor, sorafenib, with no evidence of relapse of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor-associated recall pneumonitis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, this study was performed aiming to identify the prevalence of pneumonitis and potential risk factors for this complication in patients with locally advanced lung cancer irradiated with volume-modulated arc therapy (VMAT). (iiarjournals.org)
  • 1 Early clinical studies of the EGFR monoclonal antibody in combination with radiotherapy primarily included head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and the study of its combination with radiation therapy for NSCLC was performed relatively late. (dovepress.com)
  • Herein, we shed light on the current understanding of MSC-based therapy for RILI, including the feasibility, molecular mechanisms, animal studies, and clinical research of MSC-based therapy for RILI. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This is especially true in the treatment of young patients with radiation therapy. (mdanderson.org)
  • Beal K , Hudis C , Norton L . Radiation pneumonitis in breast cancer patients treated with taxanes: Does sequential radiation therapy lower the risk? (qscience.com)
  • have had radiation therapy. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
  • Over the last 17 years, stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has shown a high degree of safety and local control for stage I lung cancers and other localized malignancies. (frontiersin.org)
  • Early-stage, localized disease may be treated with radiation therapy or excision in certain cases. (medscape.com)
  • Patients with active, non-infectious pneumonitis, an allogeneic HSCT within the past five years (or greater than five years but with symptoms of GVHD [graft-versus-host disease]), active autoimmune disease, a medical condition that required immunosuppression, or an active infection requiring systemic therapy were ineligible for the trial. (careerhospital.com)
  • Our patient is a 74-year old Caucasian male with a significant past medical history of prostate cancer status post radiation therapy in 2019 and recently with diagnosed metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. (rroij.com)
  • The results indicated that a combination of percent change in lymphocytes and monocytes, as well as pulmonary perfusion volume could predict survival from radiation to the lungs with 88.5% accuracy (95% confidence intervals of 77.8, 95.3) with a p-value of (bvsalud.org)
  • RILI can be divided into two phases-radiation pneumonitis (RP) and radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF)-which represent acute and late phases in the development of RILI, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • By building on the proven concept of conventional chemoradiation for patients with locally advanced NSCLC with a subsequent radiation dose intensification to residual disease with SBRT concurrent with immunotherapy, we hope address the issues of metastatic and local failures. (frontiersin.org)
  • When radiation and immunotherapy is combined, an interesting phenomenon known as an abscopal effect may occur. (ons.org)
  • Radiation pneumonitis must be considered a serious complication that was reported to be fatal in approximately 2% of the patients ( 2 ). (iiarjournals.org)
  • PURPOSE: Vascular endothelium plays a central role in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic radiation injuries, yet the mechanisms which promote sustained endothelial dysfunction and contribute to late responding organ failure are unclear. (bvsalud.org)
  • PURPOSE: To test IPW-5371 for the mitigation of the delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE). (bvsalud.org)
  • Radiation (radiotherapy) is frequently used for the treatment of many cancer types, and can be highly effective. (wikipedia.org)
  • Radiotherapy, the commonly used treatment for thoracic malignant tumor, can lead to severe complications in some patients, like radiation-induced lung injury (RILI). (hindawi.com)
  • Radiation-induced pneumonitis and lung fibrosis are mostly observed in 4 to 30 weeks and 6 to 12 months after thoracic radiotherapy [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Background/Aim: Radiotherapy of locally advanced lung cancer often requires high doses potentially leading to pneumonitis. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Pneumonitis can occur up to 21 weeks following radiotherapy ( 3 ). (iiarjournals.org)
  • Thus, more studies are required to properly identify the rate of symptomatic pneumonitis, particularly studies using modern precision radiotherapy techniques. (iiarjournals.org)
  • In these patients developing pneumonitis following radiotherapy, clinical and treatment characteristics were analyzed to detect potential risk factors for this treatment-related complication. (iiarjournals.org)
  • In addition, time to progression (local and/or distant failure) was evaluated in the patients developing pneumonitis, which was calculated from the end of radiotherapy. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Radiation recall pneumonitis (RRP) is an entity described as pneumonitis localized to a previously irradiated field after exposure to a systemic agent. (scienceopen.com)
  • There is a specific phenomenon, radiation recall pneumonitis, where patients who receive radiation to the chest followed by checkpoint inhibitors experience pneumonitis only in the lung fields that were exposed to previous radiation. (scienceopen.com)
  • This paper reviews the existing body of literature and describes a case of radiation recall pneumonitis seen in our practice. (scienceopen.com)
  • Radiation recall: a well recognized but neglected phenomenon. (scienceopen.com)
  • Radiation recall is an inflammatory skin reaction at a previously irradiated field subsequent to the administration of a variety of pharmacologic agents. (scienceopen.com)
  • The case of a patient with metastatic renal cell cancer (RCC) who developed recall pneumonitis on the first cycle of systemic sunitinib treatment is reported here. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The radiological findings revealed that the interstitial filtration was localized within the previously irradiated area (Figure 2 C). Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with radiation recall pneumonitis that was induced by sunitinib. (biomedcentral.com)
  • permanently discontinue for signs of radiation recall. (nih.gov)
  • Inform patients who have received prior radiation of the risks of radiation recall. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
  • Less quantity of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) influences the therapeutic effects on radiation-induced lung injury (RILI). (hindawi.com)
  • The mechanisms of radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) and the mechanisms by which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) alleviate it. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For this review, the authors present findings and results from previous trials, methods for identifying patients for whom osimertinib treatment would be appropriate based on mutation status, mechanisms of resistance, as well as current clinical studies and the optimal sequence of osimertinib in treatment of NSCLC. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • The most frequently occurring irAEs include colitis, pneumonitis, hepatitis, nephritis, and thyroiditis, and are experienced in almost 50% of patients treated with PD- 1/PDL-1 inhibitors [ 2 ]. (rroij.com)
  • Thus, given appropriate exposure conditions, late radiation changes in lung can develop independently of early pneumonitis. (radioprotection.org)
  • AZEDRA contributes to a patient's overall long-term radiation exposure. (lantheus.com)
  • Long-term cumulative radiation exposure is associated with an increased risk for cancer. (lantheus.com)
  • Minimize radiation exposure to patients, medical personnel, and household contacts during and after treatment with AZEDRA consistent with institutional good radiation safety practices and patient management procedures. (lantheus.com)
  • Many of the ed either from external sources or excitation events are much closer in vitro and in vivo studies investi- through internal exposure as a re- together for low-energy charged par- gating the mechanisms underlying sult of ingestion, inhalation, dermal ticles, which are considered to be cancer risk from exposure to ionizing absorption, or injection of radionu- high-LET radiation. (who.int)
  • PROCEDURES: Consomic strains of female Salt Sensitive or SS (Dll4-high) and SS with 3rd chromosome inherited from Brown Norway, SS.BN3 (Dll4-low) rats at ages 11-12 weeks were used to demonstrate the impact of reduced Dll4 expression on long-term vascular integrity, renal function, and survival following high-dose 13 Gy partial body irradiation at 42- and 90 days post-radiation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Moreover, in the literature, the prevalence of symptomatic pneumonitis after irradiation of lung cancer varies considerably ( 4 - 7 ). (iiarjournals.org)
  • The incidence of pneumonitis is higher in patients who have received prior thoracic radiation. (keytrudahcp.com)
  • Pneumonitis rates for adult patients with cHL were similar in patients with and without prior thoracic radiation. (keytrudahcp.com)
  • In this retrospective study, which was approved by the ethics committee of the University of Lübeck, 278 patients irradiated for locally advanced lung cancer between 2016 and 2019 were evaluated with respect to the development of symptomatic (grade ≥2) pneumonitis. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Predictors of high-grade radiation pneumonitis following radiochemotherapy for locally advanced. (sagepub.com)
  • With the recent success of checkpoint inhibitors and other immunomodulating agents, there has been renewed interest in the combination of such agents with radiation. (scienceopen.com)
  • 3] This is believed to constitute an important mechanism of resistance to topoisomerase I inhibitors in malignant cells. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Understanding the therapies' mechanisms of action enables nurses to promptly identify and properly manage symptoms and adverse treatment effects and provide the necessary education to keep patients safe and on treatment. (ons.org)
  • In patients experiencing symptomatic pneumonitis, patient and treatment characteristics were analyzed. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Therefore, it would be desirable to identify patients, who are at high risk of developing radiation pneumonitis, prior to the start of treatment. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Review reports on the RP risk have summarised the findings for different parameters.s1,2sWhile the importance of different parameters can vary between studies, dosimetrical findings have been more consistent and led to commonly accepted recommendations for radiation treatment planning.s2sSeveral factors have recently found increasing interest for their potential association with RP. (sagepub.com)
  • Another interest lies in the identification of improved treatment strategies that incorporate radiation in the management of aggressive and refractory lymphomas. (mdanderson.org)
  • Preclinical studies suggested that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody was a radiation-sensitizing agent because it increased the rate of apoptosis, regulated the cell cycle, reduced radiation resistance, and increased radiation injuries. (dovepress.com)
  • Based on its mechanism of action, KEYTRUDA can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. (careerhospital.com)
  • RESULTS: IPW-5371 enhanced survival (primary endpoint) as well as attenuated secondary endpoints of lung and kidney injuries by radiation. (bvsalud.org)
  • RILI may include early radiation-induced pneumonitis and advanced stage radiation-induced lung fibrosis [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The exact mechanisms of RILI are largely unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The consensus of researchers studying RILI is that ionizing radiation could induce damage to epithelial cells and endothelial cells, dysfunction of the blood-air barrier, and increase vascular permeability. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this manner, clinicians hope to induce a phenomenon known as the abscopal effect, whereby localized radiation results in immune-mediated tumor regression in disease sites well outside of the radiation field. (scienceopen.com)
  • The abscopal effect is when a patient is receiving radiation to one area but also responds at a distant site. (ons.org)
  • For each individual patient, calculate the radiation dose estimates to normal organs and tissues per unit activity [D (organ)] of administered dose using data extracted from these 3 images. (guidelinecentral.com)
  • The generality of induction of Two major issues faced when city in humans is clear, but in other and response to radiation damage studying radiation carcinogenesis is cases the data are few or non-exist- is discussed for all types of ionizing that radiation-induced cancers are ent. (who.int)
  • End points such as SPECT imaging of the lung using molecular probes, measurement of circulating blood cells and specific miRNA have been shown to change after radiation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Adult patients with resected NSCLC who were treated with KEYTRUDA as adjuvant monotherapy and developed pneumonitis received high-dose corticosteroids for a median duration of 10 days (range: 1 day to 2.3 months). (keytrudahcp.com)
  • Pneumonitis led to discontinuation of KEYTRUDA in 5.4% (21) of patients. (keytrudahcp.com)
  • Of the patients who developed pneumonitis, 42% interrupted KEYTRUDA, 68% discontinued KEYTRUDA, and 77% had resolution. (keytrudahcp.com)
  • Pneumonitis: Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of pneumonitis and treat appropriately. (drugs.com)
  • 12. 50-year-old man with T2N2M0O EBV + Nasopharynx carcinoma is treated with 70 Gy radiation with concurrent cisplatin and has complete resolution of disease. (examyear.com)
  • The biologic premise behind such a strategy is that the tumor-antigen release achieved by localized radiation will promote specific tumor targeting by the adaptive immune system, which can be augmented further by systemic immune-stimulating agents. (scienceopen.com)
  • The ionizing radiation further activates alveolar macrophages and upregulates transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-12 (especially the key factor TGF-β1) [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • History or evidence of interstitial lung disease, including noninfectious pneumonitis. (marycrowley.org)
  • Lung-specific injury can be visualized by 99mTc-MAA as early as 2 weeks after radiation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Radiation damage to the lung: is fibrosis an independent process or consequently to early pneumonitis? (radioprotection.org)
  • However, the overall conclusion radiation in greater depth later in this indistinguishable from those that oc- reached in Volume 100D of the IARC chapter. (who.int)
  • These risks of radiation associated with the use of AZEDRA are greater in pediatric patients than in adults. (lantheus.com)
  • Combining drugs with different mechanisms of action can produce larger therapeutic effects with fewer side effects. (doctorlib.info)
  • Transfection with CXCR4 enhanced the quantity of transplanted HUMSCs in the radiation-induced injured lung tissues. (hindawi.com)
  • A review of the literature shows that late lung fibrosis is always associated with an initial pneumonitis reaction. (radioprotection.org)
  • 2nd window dynamic NIR fluorescence imaging with ICG was analyzed with physiology-based pharmacokinetic modeling and confirmed with assays of endothelial Dll4 expression to assess the role of endogenous Dll4 expression on radiation injury protection. (bvsalud.org)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Together, these data suggest Dll4 plays a key role in pathogenesis of radiation-induced vascular injury to the lung and kidney. (bvsalud.org)
  • Currently, there are no biomarkers to predict lethal lung injury by radiation. (bvsalud.org)
  • This study is one of the first to report a set of minimally invasive endpoints to predict lethal radiation injury in female rats. (bvsalud.org)
  • Rats were fed known amounts of IPW-5371 using a syringe, instead of delivery by daily oral gavage, sparing exacerbation of esophageal injury by radiation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Once the radiation dose exceeds the radiation threshold, radiation damage may extend beyond the intrinsic repair capacity of the human body, and radiation-induced lung injury occurs (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Results: Pneumonitis was diagnosed in 21 patients (7.6%) after a median of 9 (1-23) weeks. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Adult patients with cHL who developed pneumonitis received high-dose corticosteroids for a median duration of 10 days (range: 2 days-53 months). (keytrudahcp.com)
  • Thus, the NLRP3 inflammasome is considered an attractive therapeutic target to improve the inflammatory diseases associated with IL-1β oversecretion, yet the regulatory mechanisms are not fully understood. (nature.com)
  • Laboratory work has centered on the mechanisms of how cells acquire specific fates during growth and development, providing insights into normal and abnormal mechanisms of growth control. (stanford.edu)