Mechanisms of transcriptional regulation. Medical search. Frequent questions

Pausing provides a mechanism to tune these key genes to cellular and external regulatory cues. (nature.com)
Distinct signals that act through diverse targeted transcription factors can regulate different steps in the transcription pathway and provide a highly modulated transcriptional response at individual genes. (nature.com)
Despite this, BLIMP1 and EZH2 bind to the genome at mostly distinct sites, although often on the same genes, indicating that the functional overlap of the two factors is mostly due to parallel transcriptional regulation and through maintenance of EZH2 by BLIMP1, rather than through co-binding to chromatin. (rais.is)
A coactivator is a type of transcriptional coregulator that binds to an activator (a transcription factor) to increase the rate of transcription of a gene or set of genes. (wikipedia.org)
Of considerable interest is also whether commitment involves a limited set of genes or the entire transcriptional program, and to what extent gene expression configures multiple trajectories into commitment. (lu.se)
The interesting possibility that transcriptional interference can occur between eukaryotic genes was raised by studies on the avian leukosis retrovirus (ALV) which showed that deletion of the promoter in the 5' long terminal repeat (LTR) activates the 3' LTR promoter, linked to a downstream gene. (ox.ac.uk)
This letter extends these findings to chromosomal RNA polymerase II genes by studying transcriptional interference between duplicated alpha-globin gene constructions. (ox.ac.uk)
Furthermore, this inhibition is alleviated by placing transcriptional termination signals between the two alpha genes. (ox.ac.uk)
Because many eukaryotic genes may be arranged in tandem on a chromosome, these observations suggest that transcriptional termination is an important mechanism for preventing interference between adjacent genes. (ox.ac.uk)
Although AmlR apparently is a local transcriptional regulator of the aml operon, the Δ amlR strain shows severe growth inhibitions on glucose and - concomitantly - differential transcription of several genes of various functional classes. (frontiersin.org)
MeCP2 is a transcriptional regulatory protein, and in its absence, large numbers of genes exhibit abnormal increases or decreases in expression. (jneurosci.org)
In line with this, RBPJL is able to fully reconstitute transcriptional repression at Notch target genes in cells lacking RBPJ. (uni-ulm.de)
These data suggest that Sf accounts for most of the ARE-activated transcriptional induction of antioxidant genes by broccoli. (usda.gov)
In Bacillus subtilis the DegS-DegU two-component regulatory system controls various processes that characterize the transition form the exponential to the stationary growth phase, including the induction of extracellular degradative enzymes, expression of late competence genes and down regulation of the sigma D regulon, which encompasses the genes involved in motility, chemotaxis and autolysin production. (uni-marburg.de)
Involvement of the DegS-DegU system in the osmotic regulation was supported by the accumulation of mRNA transcripts from both genes when the cells were subjected to hypertonic conditions. (uni-marburg.de)
Genomic actions involve the regulation of target genes, and suppress most of the vascular elements of inflammation and angiogenesis in the airway. (ersjournals.com)
Furthermore, nicotine may improve memory function through its effect on chromatin modification via the inhibition of histone deacetylases, which causes transcriptional changes in memory‑related genes. (spandidos-publications.com)
Together, our results expand knowledge of the genes involved in the pair bonding process and open new avenues of research in the molecular mechanisms of bond formation. (cdc.gov)
We observed that BCL2L13 and PMAIP1 genes get upregulated upon PLK1 inhibition, probably through transcriptional regulation by FOXOs in interaction with β-catenin. (lu.se)

The long-term goal of this project is to uncover the role of the core promoter in the regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. (grantome.com)
Recent years have witnessed a sea change in our understanding of transcription regulation: whereas traditional models focused solely on the events that brought RNA polymerase II (Pol II) to a gene promoter to initiate RNA synthesis, emerging evidence points to the pausing of Pol II during early elongation as a widespread regulatory mechanism in higher eukaryotes. (nature.com)
This rewiring is dependent on a number of factors, including the transcription factor B lymphocyte induced maturation protein 1 (BLIMP1), and epigenetic mechanisms, amongst others. (rais.is)
I demonstrate that transcriptional interference causes substantial inhibition of the downstream alpha gene by transcription of the upstream alpha gene. (ox.ac.uk)
To reveal the regulatory mechanism of the DHRS4 gene cluster expression, we studied the structure and transcription of DHRS4L1 in the context of the transcriptional behaviors of the human DHRS4 gene cluster. (biomedcentral.com)
Based on the analysis of gene transcripts and bioinformatic prediction, we propose here that antisense transcription may be involved in the transcriptional initiation regulation of DHRS4 and in the posttranscriptional splicing of DHRS4L2 and DRHS4L1 for the homologous identity of DHRS4 gene cluster. (biomedcentral.com)
To investigate the transcription of DHRS4L1 and the transcriptional regulation of DHRS4 gene cluster, we cloned the full length RNA variants of DHRS4L1 in this study, and found that DHRS4L1 initiated its transcription from two TSS, exon a2 and exon 1. (biomedcentral.com)
mRNA half-lives have been determined, for example, by blockage of transcription followed by transcriptional profiling 5 . (nature.com)
In two of these, the read coverage along introns was related to nascent transcription in combination with co-transcriptional splicing events 24 and later was used to fit a detailed transcriptional model within a single sample 25 . (nature.com)
In other animals, heat shock response is a transcriptional response driven by the heat shock transcription factor 1 ( HSF1 ) and thermal stress can trigger HSP70 expression to protect the organism via HSF1 . (biomedcentral.com)
We found that the regulation of TE transcription during brain development is essential for the establishment of long-term transcriptional repression carried to adulthood (Paper I and IV). (lu.se)
More so, our results show that the epigenetic regulation of TE transcription is dynamically regulated throughout life (Paper II), upon the beginning of neuroinflammation (Paper III), and in a disease-driving polymorphic TE insertion (Paper IV). (lu.se)

The drivers of the transition from MGUS to multiple myeloma are still not well understood, and gene expression profiling studies have failed to identify major transcriptional differences between the two stages. (rais.is)
One opportunity for uncovering novel markers is in the study of differential activation of transcriptional enhancers, which can indicate changes in cellular states even without corresponding gene expression changes. (rais.is)
Recent evidence indicates that post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms play essential roles in modulating temporal gene expression for proper circadian function, particularly for the molecular mechanism of the clock. (mpg.de)
Transcriptional regulation is one of the most common ways for an organism to alter gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
Here we present a computational approach called exon-intron split analysis (EISA) that measures changes in mature RNA and pre-mRNA reads across different experimental conditions to quantify transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. (nature.com)
We are interested in gene-environment interactions, with a particular focus on the molecular mechanisms linking extracellular signalling to changes in gene expression and cell behaviour. (kcl.ac.uk)
Non-histone chromosomal proteins that regulate GENE EXPRESSION through a variety of mechanisms including recognizing acetylated HISTONE LYSINE residues and through transcriptional machinery regulation. (bvsalud.org)

BLIMP1 knock-down and EZH2 inhibition reveal a large overlap in transcriptional targets of the two factors. (rais.is)

To cite this article: Martin SF, Esser PR, Weber FC, Jakob T, Freudenberg MA, Schmidt M, Goebeler M. Mechanisms of chemical-induced innate immunity in allergic contact dermatitis. (cdc.gov)

Activators are found in all living organisms, but coactivator proteins are typically only found in eukaryotes because they are more complex and require a more intricate mechanism for gene regulation. (wikipedia.org)

Neither class of compound required protein synthesis for induction of Cx43 mRNA, nor was the 5.0 h half-life of Cx43 mRNA altered, indicating direct transcriptional activation. (nih.gov)

I want to talk to someone about my research proposal (basic research, neural mechanisms, or disease mechanisms). (nih.gov)

In terms of its mechanism of action, nicotine slows the progression of PD by inhibiting Sirtuin 6, a stress‑responsive protein deacetylase, thereby decreasing neuronal apoptosis and improving neuronal survival. (spandidos-publications.com)
Gene ontology analysis supports the hypothesis that pair-bond formation involves transcriptional regulation, and changes in neuronal structure. (cdc.gov)

The mechanism by which POS-1 and GLD-1 mediate translation repression is not well understood. (umassmed.edu)

2020. Ligand dependent gene regulation by transient ERα clustered enhancers. . (ncbs.res.in)

From 2017, she joined King's College London as a Lecturer and principal investigator of the Epigenetics and Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation group. (kcl.ac.uk)

Pausing provides a point of regulation that is distinct from Pol II recruitment and initiation, and this may facilitate the integration of multiple cellular signals. (nature.com)

The role of the tumor microenvironment in prostate cancer pathogenesis is covered, as are the molecular mechanisms of metastasis. (cshlpress.com)
The evolutionarily conserved long non‐coding RNA LINC00261 drives neuroendocrine prostate cancer proliferation and metastasis via distinct nuclear and cytoplasmic mechanisms. (open.ac.uk)
LncRNA HORAS5 promotes taxane resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer via a BCL2A1-dependent mechanism. (open.ac.uk)

In contrast, nongenomic actions are mediated by rapid cellular mechanisms, and induce transient vasoconstriction in the airway, thereby reversing inflammatory hyperperfusion. (ersjournals.com)

Cold Spring Harbor, NY -- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (CSHLP) announced the release of Metastasis: Mechanism to Therapy, available on its website in Hardcover format. (cshlpress.com)

Systematic approach for dissecting the molecular mechanisms of transcriptional regulation in bacteria. (bvsalud.org)

Neurodegeneration and neurodegenerative diseases (including the shared mechanisms of nerve cell death that contribute to many diseases), Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia (VCID), NINDS tissue/cell resources, basic invertebrate neuromuscular junction (NMJ). (nih.gov)
The TREM2-APOE Pathway Drives the Transcriptional Phenotype of Dysfunctional Microglia in Neurodegenerative Diseases. (lu.se)

At present, characterizing the molecular mechanisms by which individual regulatory sequences operate requires focused efforts using low-throughput methods . (bvsalud.org)

The retinoic acid receptor antagonist Ro 41-5253 was capable of suppressing retinoid-induction Cx43 luciferase reporter construct in F9 cells, but did not suppress reporter activity induced by the non-pro-vitamin A carotenoids astaxanthin or lycopene, indicating that retinoids have separate mechanisms of gene activation than non-pro-vitamin A carotenoids. (nih.gov)
Activation of Btk results in a cascade of signaling events resulting in calcium mobilization and fluxes, cytoskeletal rearrangements, and transcriptional regulation involving nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). (medscape.com)
To understand the mechanisms of resistance to glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone, we generated dexamethasone-resistant B-ALL cell lines in paper I. One such resistant cell line was found to possess increased FLT3 expression levels with FLT3-ITD and FLT3-R845G mutations that led to the activation of oncogenic RTK signaling. (lu.se)
These results suggested that the resistance of C. albicans biofilms to azoles or polyenes was due not to the activation of specific mechanisms in response to exposure to these antifungals but rather to the intrinsic properties of the mature biofilms. (who.int)

Furthermore, changes in post-transcriptional regulation can be predicted from differences between exonic and intronic changes. (nature.com)
We show that human and chimpanzee cells differentiate in a similar man¬ner and that the difference in interspecies protein abundance is higher than transcript-level differences, suggesting that post-transcriptional mechanisms play a role in the difference between human and chim¬panzee brain development. (lu.se)
In line with our previous results, we found that there are marked differences between HD patients and controls at the protein level but not at the transcriptional level. (lu.se)

and the alterations in the genome, epigenetic landscape, transcriptional networks, and metabolic and signaling pathways that drive oncogenesis. (cshlpress.com)
Many Fred Hutch faculty members also serve as training faculty for UW Departmental programs in Molecular Medicine and Mechanisms of Disease (M3D), Genome Sciences, Microbiology, Global Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, to name a few. (fredhutch.org)

Decades of research on monogamous prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster), along with comparative studies using the related non-bonding meadow vole (M. pennsylvanicus), have revealed many of the neural and molecular mechanisms necessary for pair-bond formation in that species. (cdc.gov)

On the other hand, transient formate formation was observed in cultures grown on CO and sulfate [ 2 ], but the enzymatic rationale supporting formate cycling as a mechanism for energy conservation is still lacking. (hindawi.com)

In this review article, recent advances into the understanding of cellular mechanisms and the clinical implications of the interaction of inhaled corticosteroids and the airway vasculature in asthma are reviewed. (ersjournals.com)

Most peaks, clearly enriched for CArG-box sequences, are present in upstream promoter regions close to the transcriptional start site, though some are also found in introns and 3′-UTR regions. (frontiersin.org)

We discuss how co-operativity allows simple static motifs to perform the conditional regulation that underlies decision-making in higher eukaryotic biological systems. (biomedcentral.com)

in an operon with an upstream PurR/LacI-type transcriptional regulator gene, named amlR ( ACSP50_2475 ), and a gene downstream ( ACSP50_2473 ) encoding a GGDEF-EAL-domain-containing protein putatively involved in c-di-GMP signaling. (frontiersin.org)

9 , 10 As such, it is urgent to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy to NSCLC and explore the molecular mechanism underlying cisplatin resistance of NSCLC. (dovepress.com)
We continued exploring the dexamethasone resistance mechanisms in paper II using a different approach. (lu.se)
We thus studied the mechanisms of venetoclax resistance using a panel of T-ALL cell lines in paper III. (lu.se)
However, further investigations are warranted to identify additional mechanisms of venetoclax resistance in T-ALL. (lu.se)
The molecular mechanisms involved in the antifungal resistance of biofilms remain poorly understood. (who.int)

In parallel to exploring the role of the DegS-DegU system at the transcriptional and at the protein level, some additional experiments were performed in order to identify possible downstream regulated targets of the system. (uni-marburg.de)

Although the core promoter has historically been considered to be a somewhat generic and homogeneous moiety, it is now apparent that many different sequence motifs, such as the BREu, TATA, Inr, and DPE, can each confer specific transcriptional properties to the core promoter. (grantome.com)
There are new motifs as well as transcriptional strategies that remain to be uncovered. (grantome.com)
It is likely that other gene networks employ specific core promoter motifs in their regulation. (grantome.com)
Consequently, motifs are indispensable for temporal, spatial, conditional and basal regulation at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational level. (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, we contrast the regulatory properties of protein motifs and the regulatory elements of DNA and (pre-)mRNAs, advocating that co-regulation, co-operativity, and motif-driven regulatory programs are common mechanisms that emerge from the use of simple, evolutionarily plastic regulatory modules. (biomedcentral.com)

We show this approach on both well-studied and previously uncharacterized promoters in the enteric bacterium Escherichia coli In all cases, we recover nucleotide -resolution models of promoter mechanism. (bvsalud.org)

The mechanisms of cellular adaptation preventing water loss under hyperosmotic conditions (osmoregulation) have b. (uni-marburg.de)
Recent advances in the understanding of the cellular mechanisms responsible for these vascular abnormalities may ultimately lead to new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of asthma. (ersjournals.com)
however, the underlying cellular mechanisms are clearly incompatible with the transcriptionally mediated (genomic) actions. (ersjournals.com)

However, the molecular mechanism for upregulated expression is poorly understood. (nih.gov)

Transcriptional regulation of aquaporins in accessions of Arabidopsis in response to drought stress. (lu.se)

2019. Temperature patterns and mechanisms influencing coral bleaching during the 2016 El Nino . (ncbs.res.in)

Their mutagenic potential and gene regulatory effect have shaped the evolution of transcriptional networks involved in development, pluripotency, and inflammation. (lu.se)

a potential mechanism is ARE-mediated transcriptional up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes by compounds such as sulforaphane (Sf). (usda.gov)

Our large-scale proteomic analysis reveals thus that circadian post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms play a key role in the temporal orchestration of liver metabolism and physiology. (mpg.de)

The Mechanisms of Biological Resilience (MBR) research group in the Department of Biology studies the compensatory mechanisms which living organisms and ecosystems employ to mitigate external stress and alleviate their adverse effects. (tamu.edu)
MRI and Micro-Ultrasound employ different physical mechanisms for visualizing tissue. (pcf.org)

As a post-doctoral researcher, she expanded her interest in the role of epigenetic mechanisms as mediators of gene-environment interactions. (kcl.ac.uk)

Given the generality of the approach presented here, it opens up the possibility of quantitatively dissecting the mechanisms of promoter function in E. coli and a wide range of other bacteria . (bvsalud.org)

Transcriptional interference and termination between duplicated alpha-globin gene constructs suggests a novel mechanism for gene regulation. (ox.ac.uk)

As researchers delve deeper into its mechanisms of action and potential benefits, there's a growing realisation that H2 might hold the key to addressing various health challenges. (water-for-health.co.uk)
This article aims to provide an in-depth exploration of molecular hydrogen, from its basic properties to its therapeutic potential and mechanisms of action. (water-for-health.co.uk)
This pragmatic approach allows identification of pertinent issues and their resolution as well as enhancement of our understanding of the mechanisms of joint toxic action. (cdc.gov)
Understanding the role of these miRNA and their specific mechanism of action in sensitization to TDI may provide pertinent information for the identification of other chemical sensitizers while also contributing to the treatment and prevention of allergic disease. (cdc.gov)

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been demonstrated to be essential stromal components in the tumor microenvironment, regulating cancer cell growth, migration, invasion, and chemo-response through various mechanisms. (dovepress.com)

Understanding the mechanisms behind allergic disease is critical for treatment and prevention. (cdc.gov)
Recently, the study of post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs (miRNA) has shed light on mechanisms of allergic disease. (cdc.gov)

In 1997, we identified the NRDR proteins from rabbit liver tissues, and found that this protein had strong retinol oxidation and retinal reduction activities and was a crucial enzyme in the metabolism and synthesis of retinoic acid [ 1 ], an important intracellular signaling molecule involved in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation of embryonic cells, and the regulation of immune functions. (biomedcentral.com)

Up-regulation of autophagy induces endothelial cell regeneration/differentiation and improves the function of impaired ones. (koreamed.org)
Dysfunctional endothelium leads to increased permeability to lipoproteins and up-regulation of leukocyte and endothelial adhesion molecules. (medscape.com)

Taken together, the data from the present work shed a light on the transcriptional regulation of DegS-DegU two-component system in B. subtilis and implicated intracellular glutamate as a positive stimulus involved as a transducer of the information from the environment to the intracellular apparatus. (uni-marburg.de)

Finally, I uncover novel roles for BLIMP1 and EZH2 in evasion from natural killer (NK) cell mediated cytotoxicity and regulation of the cell cycle. (rais.is)

Anatomy17

Organisms10

Chemicals and Drugs106

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment29

Phenomena and Processes92

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science6

Health Care1

Genes19

Transcription12

Gene expression7

Inhibition1

Innate Immunity1

Eukaryotes1

MRNA1

Disease mechanisms1

Neuronal2

Repression1

Enhancers1

Epigenetics1

Initiation1

Prostate Cancer3

Reversing inflammatory1

Metastasis1

Systematic1

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Characterizing the molecular mechanisms1

Activation4

Differences3

Genome2

Neural1

Transient1

Interaction1

Promoter Regions1

Eukaryotic1

Upstream1

Resistance5

Protein level1

Motifs5

Promoters1

Cellular3

Molecular mechanism1

Arabidopsis1

20191

Inflammation1

Enzymes1

Reveals1

Employ2

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Possibility1

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Action4

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Evasion1