• A new study reveals that B cells restrict the transendothelial migration of T cells in physiological inflammation in response to adiponectin, but that this mechanism is compromised in autoimmunity and is hence a novel avenue for therapy development. (nature.com)
  • While the eye is a relatively protected environment, its immune mechanisms may be overcome resulting in inflammation and tissue destruction associated with T-cell activation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, tumour cells may usurp key mechanisms by which inflammation interfaces with cancers, to further their colonization of the host. (weeksmd.com)
  • Chen,M. and Geng,J.G. (2006): P-Selectin mediates adhesion of leukocytes, platelets and cancer cells in inflammation, thrombosis, cancer growth and metastasis. (9dok.net)
  • We are interested in all aspects of leukocyte recruitment during inflammation in vivo. (phagocytes.eu)
  • Allergen-induced respiratory inflammation facilitates and/or elicits the extravasation of proinflammatory leukocytes by well-understood mechanisms that mediate the movement of multiple cell types. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Recently, adiponectin and its receptors AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 were shown to inhibit leukocyte recruitment to inflamed endothelium 2 . (nature.com)
  • Nishiwaki, Y., Yoshida, M., Masuda, H. and Isobe, M. (2004) Recruitment of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells to vascular endothelium involves E-selectin dependent mechanism. (scirp.org)
  • TNF-a then induces the expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules upon proximal septal capillary endothelium resulting in the recruitment of inflammatory leukocytes to the site. (cdc.gov)
  • During rolling, leukocytes get into intimate contact with the endothelium, which allows endothelial-bound chemokines to interact with specific chemokine-receptors on leukocytes. (phagocytes.eu)
  • Increased Circulating Chemokines and Macrophage Recruitment in Growing Vestibular Schwannomas. (nih.gov)
  • Doerschuk is interested in the mechanisms through which the lungs produce cytokines, chemokines and other regulatory inflammatory mediators in response to bacterial, viral, and other pathogens that then induce the production of other mediators and adhesion molecules on endothelial cells and result in the recruitment of leukocytes. (unclineberger.org)
  • The chemokines are small, signaling proteins responsible for leukocyte recruitment through concentration gradient driven responses for inflammatory diseases such as tissue damage or sun burn, tumor suppression and regulation, and obesity from insulin resistance. (hawaii.edu)
  • The integration of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from microorganisms with their surface receptors in the immune cells, induces the production of several cytokines and chemokines that presents either a pro- and/or anti-inflammatory role by stimulating the secretion of a great variety of antibody subtypes and the activation of mechanisms of controlling the disease, such as the regulatory T cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Furthermore, clarified culture supernatants recovered from C- Fe-treated macrophages raise vascular endothelial cells to an activated state as indicated by the induction of endothelial- leukocyte adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin. (cdc.gov)
  • For neutrophils, a four-step mechanism is believed to coordinate recruitment of these inflammatory cells to sites of tissue injury and to the provisional extracellular matrix (ECM) that forms a scaffolding upon which fibroblast and endothelial cells proliferate and migrate, thus providing a nidus for reconstitution of the normal microenvironment5. (weeksmd.com)
  • Bombeli,T., Schwartz,B.R., and Harlan,J.M. (1998): Adhesion of Activated Platelets to Endothelial Cells: Evidence for a GPIIb/IIIa-dependent Bridging Mechanism and Novel Roles for Endothelial Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1), α V β 3 -Integrin and GPIbα. (9dok.net)
  • Platelets, endothelial cells, and leukocytes become activated and, in turn, initiate the coagulation cascade while releasing various mediators. (medscape.com)
  • This disease is a defect in fucose metabolism (lack of fucosylation of the carbohydrate selectin ligands) that results in failure to express the ligand for E and P selectin, sialyl Lewis-X (CD15s) expressed on leukocytes and endothelial cells. (medscape.com)
  • Klapproth S, Sperandio M, Pinheiro EM, Prünster M, Soehnlein O, Gertler FB, Fässler R, Moser M. Loss of the Rap1 effector RIAM results in leukocyte adhesion deficiency due to impaired β2 integrin function in mice. (phagocytes.eu)
  • Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) is a rare primary immunodeficiency. (medscape.com)
  • Thus the infections in patients with leukocyte adhesion deficiency act similarly as those observed in patients with neutropenia. (medscape.com)
  • Labial ulceration from which Escherichia coli was cultured in an 8-month-old girl with leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 (LAD I). Note the thin bluish scar at the superior aspect of the labia from an earlier cellulitis. (medscape.com)
  • This 3-year-old girl had leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I (LAD I) with complete absence of CD18 expression. (medscape.com)
  • This 10-month-old patient with severe leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I (LAD I) developed a cervical adenitis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. (medscape.com)
  • Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I (LAD I) is a failure to express CD18, which composes the common ß 2 subunit of LFA1 family (ß2 integrins). (medscape.com)
  • In milder forms of leukocyte adhesion deficiency I (1-30% expression of CD8), patients may survive to adulthood. (medscape.com)
  • Patients with leukocyte adhesion deficiency II manifest the Bombay phenotype (ie, negative for O and H blood group antigens with potential production of anti-H antibody). (medscape.com)
  • However, IgM and IgG serum levels are within the reference range in patients with leukocyte adhesion deficiency II. (medscape.com)
  • Leukocyte adhesion deficiency II may be classified as one of the congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), a rapidly expanding group of metabolic syndromes with a wide symptomatology and severity. (medscape.com)
  • Currently, 18 subtypes have been reported: 12 are type I (dysfunctional lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor synthesis), and 6 are type II (dysfunctional trimming/processing of the protein-bound oligosaccharide), including leukocyte adhesion deficiency II (CDG-IIc). (medscape.com)
  • Variants of leukocyte adhesion deficiency have also been reported, including fully expressed but nonfunctional CD18 and an E selectin that is expressed but rapidly cleaved from the cell surface (only present in soluble form). (medscape.com)
  • Another reported type of leukocyte adhesion deficiency involves dysfunction in platelet aggregation in addition to a defect in leukocyte adhesion. (medscape.com)
  • Thus, patients with this type of leukocyte adhesion deficiency manifest both severe bacterial infections and bleeding disorder. (medscape.com)
  • This leukocyte adhesion deficiency variant is associated with defective expression of the Rap-1 activator CalDAG-GEFI. (medscape.com)
  • TNFR1/R2-deficient mice, compared with B6 mice, survive lethal polymicrobial infection with enhanced neutrophil recruitment and bacterial clearance in the peritoneal cavity. (aai.org)
  • In conclusion, the present data suggest that the endogenous TNFR1/R2 signaling pathway in polymicrobial sepsis reduces neutrophil recruitment contributing to mortality and as opposed to pan-TNF blockade is an important therapeutic target for the treatment of polymicrobial sepsis. (aai.org)
  • Jakob SM, Pick R, Brechtefeld D, Nussbaum C, Kiefer F, Sperandio M, Walzog B. Hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1) is required for LFA-1-mediated neutrophil recruitment during the acute inflammatory response. (phagocytes.eu)
  • A 14-day fenofibrate pre-treatment decreased reactant production, infarct volume, and neutrophil recruitment to the brain and liver, which is a hallmark of the APR.The data highlight a novel mechanism of action for fenofibrate and lend further evidence towards the promotion of its use as a prophylactic therapy in patients at risk of cerebral ischaemia. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This involves activation and directed migration of leukocytes (neutrophils, monocytes and eosinophils) from the venous system to sites of damage (Box 1), and tissue mast cells also have a significant role. (weeksmd.com)
  • Some of the most enriched biological processes were lymphocyte activation and proliferation, leukocyte adhesion and migration, antigen processing and presentation and cellular response to IFN-γ. (sciencegate.app)
  • Although DOCK8 plays a critical role in spatial control of Cdc42 activity during interstitial leukocyte migration, the mechanism remains unclear. (life-science-alliance.org)
  • Substitution of the two basic residues, K576 and R581, with alanine abolished PI(4,5)P2 binding in vitro, ablated the ability of DOCK8 to activate Cdc42 and support leukocyte migration in three-dimensional collagen gels. (life-science-alliance.org)
  • Experimentally induced brain injury has been shown to elicit a hepatic acute phase response that modulates leukocyte recruitment to the injured brain. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Basic and translational studies address the mechanisms of host defense that focus on leukocyte recruitment, edema, and lung injury using in vivo, translational, imaging, cell biological, immunological, and molecular approaches. (unclineberger.org)
  • Together, these studies identify T cell-mediated tumor regression as the mechanism through which a plant-derived essential oil diminishes established tumor burden. (biorxiv.org)
  • We have shown that this process is triggered by recruitment of ATG16L1 by the vacuolar-type H-translocating ATPase (V-ATPase) proton pump, suggesting a role for pH sensing in recruitment of Atg8-family proteins to single membranes. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Oncotarget published " The antitumoral effects of chemerin are independent from leukocyte recruitment and mediated by inhibition of neoangiogenesis " which reported that Chemerin, a multifunctional protein acting through the receptor ChemR23/CMKLR1, is downregulated in various human tumors and was shown to display antitumoral properties in mouse models of cancer. (oncotarget.com)
  • In mice with Streptococcus pneumoni ae-induced meningitis, a deletion of TGF-P receptor 11 on leukocytes is found to enhance recruitment of neutrophils to the site of infection and to promote bacterial clearance. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Doerschuk's research addresses host defense mechanisms in the lungs, particularly the inflammatory and innate immune processes that are important in the pathogenesis and course of bacterial pneumonia, acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome, and lung disease induced by tobacco products. (unclineberger.org)
  • DOCK8 is a Cdc42-specific guanine-nucleotide exchange factor that is essential for development and functions of various subsets of leukocytes in innate and acquired immune responses. (life-science-alliance.org)
  • To cite this article: Martin SF, Esser PR, Weber FC, Jakob T, Freudenberg MA, Schmidt M, Goebeler M. Mechanisms of chemical-induced innate immunity in allergic contact dermatitis. (cdc.gov)
  • Muller, W.A. (2003) Leukocyte-endothelial-cell interactions in leukocyte transmigration and the inflammatory response. (scirp.org)
  • These immune complexes within the circulation activate the complement cascade, generating chemotactic factors responsible for recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes at the local site of deposition of the complex. (medscape.com)
  • Degranulation of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes releases proteolytic enzymes, which, along with free radicals, disrupt cell membranes and damage blood vessels. (medscape.com)
  • Histological examination of gingivitis or periodontitis lesions reveals that the polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) appears to play a key role in the maintenance of the periodontal health (3). (bvsalud.org)
  • Studies pursue the mechanisms through which tobacco smoke induces chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, both emphysema and chronic bronchitis and lung cancer, particularly the mechanisms that underlie exacerbations. (unclineberger.org)
  • Lay Summary The JAK/STAT inhibitor tofacitinib, recently approved for the treatment of ulcerative colitis, is found to modulate the intestinal endothelial barrier functions in directing the leukocyte adhesion and transmigration in ulcerative colitis patients displaying high levels of endothelial STAT3/STAT6 phosphorylation. (sciencegate.app)
  • Dr. Streeter continued his studies as a Postdoctoral Fellow in the Department of Pathology at Stanford University, investigating the molecular mechanisms involved in leukocyte recruitment to diverse lymphoid and extralymphoid tissues. (ohsu.edu)
  • The hypothesis is that cell death mediated by Casp7 and GsdmD is responsible for restriction of bacterial proliferation by triggering efficient cell recruitment to the infected lungs during L. pneumophila infection. (fapesp.br)
  • Mechanisms of leukocyte recruitment to the lung during idiopathic pneumonia syndrome following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. (alexslemonade.org)
  • The underlying mechanisms of matrix destruction in TB remain poorly understood but consideration of the lung extracellular matrix predicts that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) will play a central role, owing to their unique ability to degrade fibrillar collagens and other matrix components. (ersjournals.com)
  • The mechanism whereby Mtb targets the lung apices is unknown, but once it reaches the lung interstititum, breakdown of the extracellular matrix must occur for the pathogen to disseminate via the airways. (ersjournals.com)
  • The data obtained should identify some mechanisms associated to the bacterial control during lung infections and inflammatory conditions. (fapesp.br)
  • The mechanism by which vaccine adjuvants enhance immune responses has historically been considered to be the creation of an antigen depot. (mdpi.com)
  • This Review summarizes the emergent evidence that LECs are important in maintaining peripheral tolerance, limiting and resolving effector T cell responses, and modulating leukocyte function. (jci.org)
  • ObjectiveSleep deprivation has developed into a common phenomenon, which can lead to inflammatory responses and cognitive impairment, but the underlying mechanism is ambiguous. (planschwitzer-naturstein.de)
  • Taken together, these findings demonstrate the polarization of M1 macrophages by Mitsui-7 MWCNTs invitro and that induction of Alox5 is an important mechanism by which the MWCNTs promote proinflammatory responses by boosting M1 polarization and production of proinflammatory LMs. (cdc.gov)
  • [ 1 , 2 ] The clinical picture is characterized by marked leukocytosis and localized bacterial infections that are difficult to detect until they have progressed to an extensive level secondary to lack of leukocyte recruitment at the site of infection. (medscape.com)
  • Many roads lead to CASM: Diverse stimuli of noncanonical autophagy share a unifying molecular mechanism. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • By integrating these findings, we propose an updated and unifying mechanism for noncanonical autophagy, centered on ATG16L1 and V-ATPase. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Yoshida, M. and Gimbrone, M.A. Jr. (1997) Novel roles for E-selectin in endothelial-leukocyte adhesion. (scirp.org)
  • Through the recruitment of leukocyte populations and possibly other mechanisms, chemerin plays both pro-and anti-inflammatory roles in various experimental disease models. (oncotarget.com)
  • Staphylococcus aureus extracellular adherence protein serves as anti-inflammatory factor by inhibiting the recruitment of host leukocytes. (9dok.net)
  • Leukocytoclastic reaction traditionally has been considered the primary mechanism of vessel injury in these diseases, although more recent evidence suggests that cellular-mediated mechanisms may be more important in the peripheral nerve. (medscape.com)
  • Immunologists recognized the importance of lymphatic vessels as channels for leukocyte trafficking from peripheral sites to their draining LNs ( 4 - 6 ), and as conduits for soluble antigens that can be taken up directly by LN-resident B cells and immature DCs ( 7 - 10 ), which help regulate the kinetics of antigen presentation. (jci.org)
  • Although several studies have tried to clarify some of the immune mechanisms involved in periodontal disease, more studies must be conducted to understand its development and progression and consequently to discover new alternatives for the prevention and treatment of this severe inflammatory disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • Therefore, this review summarizes some immune mechanisms involved in periodontal disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • Therefore, we hypothesized Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries that the estrogen mediated changes in dopamine efflux that we have observed may involve similar mechanisms. (inhibitorkit.com)
  • The nonspecific character of these pathways led us to hypothesize that circulating cancer cells use similar mechanisms, promoting secondary tumor formation at distal sites. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In contrast, nongenomic actions are mediated by rapid cellular mechanisms, and induce transient vasoconstriction in the airway, thereby reversing inflammatory hyperperfusion. (ersjournals.com)
  • In this review article, recent advances into the understanding of cellular mechanisms and the clinical implications of the interaction of inhaled corticosteroids and the airway vasculature in asthma are reviewed. (ersjournals.com)
  • Recent advances in the understanding of the cellular mechanisms responsible for these vascular abnormalities may ultimately lead to new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of asthma. (ersjournals.com)
  • however, the underlying cellular mechanisms are clearly incompatible with the transcriptionally mediated (genomic) actions. (ersjournals.com)
  • however, many of the molecular and cellular mechanisms mediating this relationship remain unresolved "" these are the focus of this review. (weeksmd.com)
  • However, factors associated with non-canonical ATG16L1 recruitment and CASM induction remain unknown. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Project 6 of the NCCR `Neural Plasticity and Repair' focuses on mechanisms of immunity and tissue damage in autoimmune and infectious diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). (uni-muenchen.de)
  • In the past, the efficacy of pulsed ELF-EMFs in alleviating the symptoms and the progression of multiple sclerosis has been supported through their action on neurotransmission and on the autoimmune mechanisms responsible for demyelination. (maxwellmagneticmeds.co.za)
  • Kakkar, A.K. and Lefer, D.J. (2004) Leukocyte and endothelial adhesion molecule studies in knockout mice. (scirp.org)
  • Leukocyte rolling in postcapillary venules of inflamed tissues is reduced in L-selectin-deficient mice and mice treated with L-selectin blocking antibodies, but the glycoprotein ligand for L-selectin in inflamed venules is unknown. (rupress.org)
  • To investigate whether leukocyte-expressed PSGL-1 is mediating L-selectin-dependent rolling, we reconstituted lethally irradiated wild-type mice with PSGL-1 −/− bone marrow cells. (rupress.org)
  • Reconstitution of whole body irradiated mice with IL-1Ra-producing bone marrow cells is associated with neuroprotection and recruitment of IL-1Ra-producing leukocytes after stroke. (lu.se)
  • The eicosanoid family encompasses thromboxanes, prostacyclins, leukotrienes, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), epoxyeicosatrienic acids (EETs), lipoxins, and isoprostanes, the last of which can be generated by nonenzymatic oxidative mechanisms and may serve as markers of oxidative stress in humans. (jci.org)
  • This intricate network has been linked to many cell signaling pathways, but the overall protein folding mechanisms as a concentration driven monomer-dimer equilibrium have yet to be established. (hawaii.edu)
  • Chemerin also promotes β-arrestin recruitment and efficient CMKLR1 internalization. (oncotarget.com)
  • Ontogenetic regulation of leukocyte recruitment in mouse yolk sac vessels. (phagocytes.eu)
  • The mechanisms whereby Mtb disseminates from the initial Ghon focus are not well understood, but studies in the zebrafish model of M. marinum infection suggest that Mtb is transported within infected monocytes [ 4 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • Iron-containing particles have been proposed as a mechanism of introducing unregulated iron into cells, and soluble iron has been shown to induce the expression ofTNF-a in Kupffer cells, which was preceded by an increase in hydroxyl radicals. (cdc.gov)
  • Here we examined the molecular mechanism by which multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs, Mitsui-7) induce M1 polarization invitro. (cdc.gov)
  • In this study we exam ined both indirect and direct mechanisms involved in physiological estrogen mediated dopamine efflux in Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries con junction with the cellular location of the ERs and the DAT. (inhibitorkit.com)
  • Corticosteroids are now known to exert their effects on the airway vasculature through genomic and nongenomic mechanisms. (ersjournals.com)
  • Interventional strategies showed that existing therapeutic modalities for asthma, such as inhaled corticosteroids, were sufficient to block the enhanced pulmonary recruitment of cancer cells from circulation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • however, mechanisms through which these bioactive compounds act on epithelial cells have not been identified. (biorxiv.org)
  • Leukocyte recruitment proceeds along a well-defined cascade of Meetings starting with selectin-dependent leukocyte capture to and rolling along the vessel wall. (phagocytes.eu)
  • The mechanisms responsible for the immunostimulatory role of the pineal hormone melatonin (MLT) are still obscure. (karger.com)
  • The V-ATPase complex regulates non-canonical Atg8-family protein lipidation through ATG16L1 recruitment. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Role of extracellular matrix proteoglycans in immune cell recruitment. (nih.gov)