• SMVCs accumulate lipids into LBs upon inflammatory stimuli and are relevant cells in inflammatory diseases related to lipid unbalance, including atherosclerosis. (fapesp.br)
  • Oxidative stress and inflammation in the vascular wall are essential mechanisms of atherosclerosis and vascular dysfunctions associated with risk factors such as metabolic diseases, aging, hypertension, etc. (frontiersin.org)
  • Mechanisms of pathogenesis of atherosclerosis are complex interplay between bloodstream cells and arterial wall components that leads to a chronic state of vascular oxidative stress and inflammation ( Hansson and Hermansson, 2011 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In the past decades, unambiguous evidence has been provided that heightened oxidative stress and vascular wall inflammation are the key mechanisms for initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and vascular diseases associated with the risk factors ( Hansson and Hermansson, 2011 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Therefore, elucidation of mechanisms underlying oxidative stress and inflammations in the vascular wall will have important impact in understanding atherosclerosis and vascular diseases associated with cardiovascular risk factors and will eventually lead to novel and effective therapeutic modalities. (frontiersin.org)
  • Atherosclerosis starts with dysfunctional changes in the endothelium induced by disturbed shear stress which can lead to endothelial and platelet activation, adhesion of monocytes on the activated endothelium, and differentiation into proinflammatory macrophages, which increase the uptake of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and turn into foam cells, exacerbating the inflammatory signalling. (hindawi.com)
  • Therefore, with the aim to summarize the current knowledge on the initiation of the atherosclerotic process, in this paper, we review the early markers of atherosclerosis and we address the main therapeutic targets for preventing atheroma formation at its very initial stages focusing on inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and the interaction between platelets and endothelium. (hindawi.com)
  • The accumulation of lipid-laden macrophages, foam cells, within sub-endothelial intima is a key feature of early atherosclerosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Whether Siglec-E expression on macrophages impacts foam cell formation and atherosclerosis remains to be established. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is apparent that macrophage-derived foam cells play a key role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • His primary research area is on the innate immune system and the mechanisms by which pattern recognition receptors within this system are regulated in vascular inflammatory pathologies such as atherosclerosis. (aru.ac.uk)
  • PVAT inflammation could induce various crucial stages of atherosclerosis by disturbing secretion of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory adipokines, inhibiting PVAT cell autophagy, and activating angiogenesis in arterial adventitia, thereby promoting the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. (magtechjournal.com)
  • Research progress on the mechanism of perivascular adipose tissue inflammation promoting atherosclerosis[J]. Basic & Clinical Medicine, 2023, 43(4): 685-689. (magtechjournal.com)
  • In vitro assays using conditioned media from probiotic bacteria demonstrated attenuation of several atherosclerosis-associated processes in vitro such as chemokine-driven monocytic migration, proliferation of monocytes and macrophages, foam cell formation and associated changes in expression of key genes, and proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • This study investigated the effects of GLSP on atherosclerosis and aortic calcification and revealed the underlying mechanism. (thno.org)
  • Subsequently, the mice tissues were collected to evaluate the effects of GLSP on atherosclerosis, and aortic calcification, and to reveal the underlying mechanism. (thno.org)
  • This study explored the serum concentrations of miR-26 in patients with carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) and defined the roles and mechanisms of miR-26 derived from the exosomes of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC-exos). (amegroups.org)
  • According to the site of plaque formation, clinical manifestations of AS can be coronary artery disease (CAD), carotid atherosclerosis (CAS), or peripheral artery disease (PAD) ( 2 ). (amegroups.org)
  • Deficient p27 phosphorylation at serine 10 increases macrophague foam cell formation and aggravates atherosclerosis through a proliferation-independent mechanism. (csic.es)
  • There is a theory that the free copper and iron-binding activity of ceruloplasmin decreases lipidoxidation (i.e., is an antioxidant) and the development of atherosclerosis (based on cell studies). (naturalcalm.ca)
  • A Gut Feeling About Developmental Programming Mechanisms: Trimethylamine-N-Oxide May Enhance Atherosclerosis in Offspring of Hypercholesterolemic Mice. (ucsd.edu)
  • Our data demonstrate that circulating FH monocytes show differences in cell physiology that may contribute to the early onset of atherosclerosis in this disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Immune mechanisms are thought to play a pivotal role in atherosclerosis, 1, 2 and inflammatory mediators are thought to be instrumental in early atherosclerotic lesion formation, plaque progression, and plaque rupture. (bmj.com)
  • peptide 14 or 19 from P. gingivalis HSP60 may have either an anti- or pro-atherogenic role, respectively, in the ApoE(−/-) mouse model of infection-triggered atherosclerosis through distinct mechanisms operating in the polarization of T cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Processes involved in atherosclerosis include coagulation, inflammation, lipid metabolism, intimal injury, and smooth muscle cell proliferation (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • An association between periodontal pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, and atherosclerosis has been suggested because of the pathogen's possible direct effect on atheroma formation. (medscape.com)
  • We have recently shown that MT-III induces formation of foam macrophages, characterized by increased amounts of lipid bodies (LBs) and expression of perilipin 2 (PLIN2), a protein involved in formation of LBs. However, the effects of MT-III and mammalian sPLA2s in smooth muscle vascular cells (SMVCs) are still unknown. (fapesp.br)
  • Modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake and foam cell formation in wild type (WT) and Siglec-E −/− - peritoneal macrophages were examined in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Siglec-E deficiency promotes foam cell formation by enhancing acetylated and oxidized LDL uptake without affecting cholesterol efflux in macrophages in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
  • By performing proximity labeling and proteomic analysis, we identified scavenger receptor CD36 as a cell surface protein interacting with Siglec-E. Further experiments performed in HEK293T cells transiently overexpressing Siglec-E and CD36 and peritoneal macrophages demonstrated that depletion of cell surface sialic acids by treatment with sialyltransferase inhibitor or sialidase did not affect interaction between Siglec-E and CD36 but retarded Siglec-E-mediated inhibition on oxidized LDL uptake. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The monocytes then differentiate into macrophages and uptake modified LDLs to become foam cells with a feature of intracellular cholesterol accumulation as lipid droplets, which is the hallmark of early lesion [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dr Clett Erridge focuses his research on the mechanisms connecting inflammation to lipid metabolism, particularly in the context of foam cell formation in macrophages and coronary artery disease. (aru.ac.uk)
  • Lab4P also reduced plaque burden and content of lipids and macrophages, indicative of dampened inflammation, and increased smooth muscle cell content, a marker of plaque stabilization. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Lab4P also decreased the frequency of macrophages and T-cells in the bone marrow. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • GLSP reduced the number of foam cells by improving ABCA1/G1-mediated cholesterol efflux in macrophages. (thno.org)
  • Vascular injury results from an inflammatory response that involves a complex sequence of interactions between endothelial and smooth muscle cells, leukocytes, inflammatory cells (eg, macrophages) and their secreted growth factors, and cytokines, which combine with lipoproteins and components of the vascular wall to form a mature atherosclerotic plaque. (mhmedical.com)
  • The aim of this thesis was to examine the changes in gene expression during foam cell formation and to study the HDL-receptor scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), which may be of importance for reverse cholesterol transport.To search for genes that may be of importance for foam cell formation, expression profiling of human macrophages exposed to oxLDL was performed. (gu.se)
  • In conclusion, expression profiling of macrophages revealed changes in the expression of several genes and may provide clues to the mechanisms behind foam cell formation. (gu.se)
  • Elevated plasma cholesterol promotes the formation of atherosclerotic lesions in which monocyte-derived lipid-laden macrophages are frequently found. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is characterized by the development of lipid-rich lesions in the arterial wall, in which foam cells, monocyte-derived lipid-laden macrophages, are frequently found. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These macrophages transform into foam cells when the subendothelial space is enriched with atherogenic lipoproteins [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Macrophages and foam cells secret a variety of inflammatory factors, which attract more monocytes to infiltrate into the subendothelial space, propagate inflammatory response and subsequently advance atherosclerotic plaques [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The GSH-MDI induced eosinophilic airway inflammation was similar to that observed in other mouse asthma models, however, different inflammatory mediators and cell types were present (alternatively activated macrophages and selective increases in IL-12p40) consistent with differences in pathogenesis of occupationally induced asthma in MDI exposed workers (vs. common environmentally-induced asthma). (cdc.gov)
  • Studies of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and arterial endothelial cells (HAEC) showed that therapeutically relevant concentrations of MTX phosphorylate AMPKα Thr172 , and induce cytoprotective genes including manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1). (bmj.com)
  • Atherogenesis also may be promoted by the following activities of oxidized LDLs: (1) chemotactic action on monocytes, (2) cytotoxicity to endothelial cells, (3) stimulation of the release of growth factors and cytokines, (4) immunogenicity, and (5) possible arterial vasoconstrictor actions. (medscape.com)
  • Evidence has been provided that activation of the vascular endothelial cells in the presence of the risk factors promotes oxidative stress and vascular inflammatory responses, leading to acceleration of atherosclerotic vascular disease. (frontiersin.org)
  • Alogliptin improves endothelial function by promoting autophagy in perivascular adipose tissue of obese mice through a GLP-1-dependent mechanism[J]. Vascul Pharmacol, 2019, 115:55-63. (magtechjournal.com)
  • The aim of the present study was to identify whether P. gingivalis heat‑shock protein 60 (HSP60) induced the dysfunction of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Certain studies show that P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could induce the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) ( 13 , 14 ), which significantly enhances trans-endothelial migration of inflammatory cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Our recent work demonstrated that CB-PLA2 induces prostacyclin (PGI2) release by endothelial cells monolayers (in vitro) through activation of COX-1 and -2 enzyme systems. (fapesp.br)
  • Prostacyclin, a potent vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation, is the predominant metabolite synthesized by vascular endothelial cells (ECs). (fapesp.br)
  • In vascular endothelial cells, the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) by prostanoids inhibits endothelial inflammation by suppressing transcription of pro-inflammatory genes. (fapesp.br)
  • It may also invade and proliferate within heart and coronary artery endothelial cells, and, along with Streptococcus sanguis, it may also induce platelet aggregation associated with thrombus formation. (medscape.com)
  • In contrast, mice with myeloid cell deficiency of all three genes developed severe inflammation, with a median survival of 8 wk. (bvsalud.org)
  • Exercise improves endethelial function associated with alleviated inflammation and oxidative stress of perivascular adipose tissue in type 2 diabetic mice[J]. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2020, 2020:8830537. (magtechjournal.com)
  • In vitro , we determined the major components of GLSP triterpenes by HPLC, and subsequently assessed the protective effects of these main active components on lipid metabolism, inflammation, and calcification in RAW264.7 and HASMC cells. (thno.org)
  • Vascular injury from inflammation initiates plaque formation and dictates the downstream clinical sequelae of atherosclerotic disease. (mhmedical.com)
  • Lastly, we focus on the impact of inflammation on the immune system and the molecular mechanisms by which the inflamed immune microenvironment promotes the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. (frontiersin.org)
  • We propose that racial residential segregation and discrimination increases tissue inflammation and cytokine production, resulting in dysregulated immune signaling, which promotes plaque formation and cardiovascular disease. (frontiersin.org)
  • Conclusions: Use of hemosponge in alveolar socket may accelerate fibroplasia and formation of the connective tissue and reduce inflammation after tooth extraction. (bvsalud.org)
  • In industry, aniline is an initiator or intermediary in the synthesis of a wide variety of products, most notably polyurethane foam, agricultural chemicals, analgesics, synthetic dyes, antioxidants, stabilizers for the rubber industry, and hydroquinone for photographic developing. (cdc.gov)
  • Senescent T cell induces brown adipose tissue "whitening" via secreting IFN-γ[J]. Front Cell Dev Biol, 2021, 637424. (magtechjournal.com)
  • Additionally, P. gingivalis induces macrophage foam cell formation ( 11 ) and stimulates oxidation of low-density lipoprotein ( 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Macrophage scavenger receptors, such as CD36 and class A scavenger receptor (SR-A), have previously been thought to play a central role in foam cell formation and atherogenesis by mediating the uptake of oxidized LDL. (jci.org)
  • Scavenger receptors target glycolipids for natural killer T cell activation. (ucsd.edu)
  • Phenotypic changes in T cell and macrophage subtypes in perivasuclar adipose tissue precede high-fat diet-induced hypertension [J]. Front Physiol, 2021, 12:616055. (magtechjournal.com)
  • Upon delivery, an oncolytic virus (OV) will infect a relatively low percentage of cancer cells in the tumor tissue. (mdpi.com)
  • When an OV is armed with bi-specific T cell engager (BiTE), it also expresses and secretes a large quantity of BiTEs from infected cells, which can diffuse throughout the tumor tissue, activating T cells to recognize and kill cancer cells antigen-specifically. (mdpi.com)
  • Rejuvenation therapies aim to reverse or repair age-related cellular changes such as molecular waste, calcification , tissue stiffening , loss of stem cell function , genetic alterations, and impaired energy production . (fightaging.org)
  • However, in the case of injury or infection, ECs control the adhesion and migration of inflammatory cells into the damaged tissue. (fapesp.br)
  • Dr Nicholas Pugh focuses his research interests on the signalling mechanisms used by platelets during pathophysiological thrombus formation. (aru.ac.uk)
  • He is particularly interested in the role of ion channels and transporters in platelet function and studying platelet behaviour in models of thrombus formation in flowing blood. (aru.ac.uk)
  • She is researching the molecular mechanisms regulating vascular function in pancreatic cancer. (aru.ac.uk)
  • In this study, we tested whether BBR derivatives, compared with BBR, had superior beneficial effects on atherosclerotic plaques in apoE −/− mice, and defined possible molecular mechanisms underlying such effects. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Limited endogenous mechanisms exist to reverse these damages. (scialert.net)
  • Expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) mRNA in rat hepatoma cells requires endogenous LXR ligands. (cmdm.tw)
  • Siglecs are a family of sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like receptors predominantly expressed on cells of immune system to regulate their functions through recognizing their glycan ligands [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, a small fraction of lipids exerts bioactive roles through binding to G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and induce a plethora of functions including cell proliferation, differentiation, growth, migration, apoptosis, senescence and survival. (qxmd.com)
  • Cell surface EMMPRIN expression was measured by flow cytometry and Western blotting, and phospho-(p)-p38, p-JNK, nuclear NFκB p65, and phospho-p65 were measured by Western blotting. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Modifications of apoB containing lipoproteins induce significant cholesterol accumulation via a number of mechanisms. (endotext.org)
  • Molecular dynamics simulations for uniaxial tension of Cu/Gr showed limited accumulation of dislocations at the film/substrate interface, which makes the fatigue induced crack formation and propagation through thickness of the film difficult in this materials system. (mrs.org)
  • The atherosclerotic process is accelerated by a myriad of factors, such as the release of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), growth factors, and the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. (hindawi.com)
  • These foam cells in turn produce more inflammatory cytokines and growth factors to promote the migration of the quiescent vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in the medial layer to intima and activate VSMC proliferation and increased synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins, resulting in the thickening of intima and occlusion of the blood vessel [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 4 Furthermore, CRP promotes foam cell formation by opsonising low density lipoprotein (LDL). (bmj.com)
  • This review article will summarize the most recent findings on the functional roles of arginases in vascular diseases and/or dysfunctions and the underlying mechanisms in relation to oxidative stress and inflammations. (frontiersin.org)
  • This major dendritic cell of the skin that can acquire antigen, migrate article highlights recent findings from a diverse literature that to draining lymph notes, and initiate immune responses (3). (cdc.gov)
  • Systemic conditions may modify the extent of periodontitis principally through their effects on normal immune and inflammatory mechanisms. (medscape.com)
  • Immunosuppressive drug therapy and any disease (eg, HIV infection) resulting in suppression of the normal inflammatory and immune mechanisms can cause or enhance severe periodontal diseases. (medscape.com)
  • The apoA-I/apoE discs as well as mature HDL containing apoA-I and/or ApoE stimulate FC efflux via three major mechanisms including ABCG1, SR-BI, and aqueous diffusion. (endotext.org)
  • Mammalian sperm cells present highly specific lipidic composition, high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, plasmalogenes and sphingomyelins. (scialert.net)
  • Isocyanates have been a leading chemical cause of occupational asthma since their utility for generating polyurethane was first recognized over 60 years ago, yet the mechanisms of isocyanate asthma pathogenesis remain unclear. (cdc.gov)
  • The mechanisms by which isocyanates cause asthma remain unclear, hampering disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.7 It is assumed the reactive nature of N=C=O groups underlies isocyanate asthma, with a hapten-based mechanism as the most obvious pathway to pathogenesis.8 However, the critical "self" reaction targets for isocyanate in vivo remain uncertain. (cdc.gov)
  • Th2 sensitization and asthma, which typically is triggered by settings, such as spray application of uncured polyurethane foams exposure to larger molecular weight protein allergens and certain and coatings, likely pose the greatest risk (1). (cdc.gov)
  • Occupation exposure occurs through its use as a degreaser, paint remover, aerosol propellant, blowing agent for polymer foam, and as a solvent in the textile industry, photographic film production (cellulose triacetate). (who.int)
  • 2001). The formation of carboxyhemoglobin has been proposed to be a potential marker for estimating DCM exposure levels (Shusterman et al. (who.int)
  • Together, the data support a possible thiol mediated transcarbamoylating mechanism linking MDI exposure to pathogenic eosinophilic inflammatory responses. (cdc.gov)
  • Distinct characteristics of diisocyanate s (vs. other allergens) and diisocyanate asthma (vs. other types of asthma) suggest differences in pathogenic mechanisms, with important impacts on treatment and prevention. (cdc.gov)
  • Probucol has been found to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties via several different mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to explore the anti-inflammatory effects and unravel the involved mechanism of S&P extract. (bvsalud.org)
  • HN - 2008 BX - Granulosa Cells, Cumulus MH - Coronary Sinus UI - D054326 MN - A07.231.908.194.500 MS - A short vein that collects about two thirds of the venous blood from the MYOCARDIUM and drains into the RIGHT ATRIUM. (bvsalud.org)
  • To counteract the negative effects of excess ROS, spermatozoa and seminal plasma have several mechanisms to neutralize free radicals. (scialert.net)
  • To counteract oxidative damage, spermatozoa and seminal plasma have several mechanisms to neutralize free radicals. (scialert.net)
  • It is now well-established that from early lesion to vulnerable plaque formation, numerous cellular and molecular inflammatory components participate in the disease process. (researchgate.net)
  • Medications such as phenytoin, nifedipine, and cyclosporin are known to predispose to gingival overgrowth and to increase the severity of plaque formation. (medscape.com)
  • Siglec-E, a mouse orthologue of human Siglec-9, is a sialic acid binding lectin predominantly expressed on the surface of myeloid cells to transduce inhibitory signal via recruitment of SH2-domain containing protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1/2 upon binding to its sialoglycan ligands. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We knocked out these genes in myeloid cells in mice, singly and together. (bvsalud.org)
  • Binding studies showed that SR-BI mediated the recognition of apoptotic granulosa cells. (gu.se)
  • HN - 2008 BX - Von Ebner's Glands MH - Cumulus Cells UI - D054885 MN - A05.360.319.114.630.535.200.500 MN - A06.407.312.497.535.300.500 MN - A11.436.300.500 MS - The granulosa cells of the cumulus oophorus which surround the OVUM in the GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE. (bvsalud.org)
  • Therapeutic targeting of P2X4 receptor and mitochondrial metabolism in clear cell renal carcinoma models. (ucsd.edu)
  • dhBBR and Di-MeBBR reduced expression of EMMPRIN, CD68, and NFκB p65, and Di-MeBBR also reduced expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in aortic plaques. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dr Havovi Chichger researches cellular mechanisms which regulate the endothelium in human disease and the impact of diabetes on renal and small intestinal glucose transport across the epithelium. (aru.ac.uk)
  • Aniline may also cause the destruction of red blood cells, which manifests as acute or delayed hemolytic anemia. (cdc.gov)
  • The data demonstrated rapid reactivity of glutathione with methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), and formation of several reaction products, dominated by bis(GSH)-MDI. (cdc.gov)