• But the underlying molecular mechanisms of Rhizoma coptidis are still far from being fully elucidated. (springer.com)
  • In this review, we studied on the effects and molecular mechanisms of Rhizoma coptidis on NF-κB/MAPK/PI3K-Akt/AMPK/ERS and oxidative stress pathways. (springer.com)
  • There are many researches on Rhizoma coptidis, but most of them are only a small part of the whole molecular mechanisms. (springer.com)
  • As a traditional Chinese medicine, Rhizoma coptidis has excellent therapeutic effects on various diseases, but the underlying systematic molecular mechanisms are still far from being fully elucidated. (springer.com)
  • Although many studies have explored the potential carcinogenesis of EC, its underlying molecular mechanisms have not yet been clearly elucidated. (frontiersin.org)
  • Human cells have evolved multiple molecular mechanisms (for example, gene silencing) to keep selfish genetic elements like LINE1s at bay. (genengnews.com)
  • We next investigated underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. (biorxiv.org)
  • Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of CRC. (hindawi.com)
  • Further studies are now needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying circRNA action in the development and progression of cancers. (hindawi.com)
  • In Specific Aim 2, we will elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying ceramide-mediated fusion of senescent osteoclast precursors in vitro through a cathepsin B-induced Myh9 degradation pathway. (nova.edu)
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms governing mIBG transport in cancer and normal cells is a critical step for developing strategies to optimize the efficacy of 131 I-mIBG while minimizing toxicity in normal tissues. (aspetjournals.org)
  • We have shown recently that C3 regulates autophagy due to its ability to interact with ATG16L1 and now we want to delineate how C3 enters cytoplasm and what are molecular mechanisms by which it is regulating autophagy. (lu.se)
  • As a Plectrovirus, the phage's entry mechanism is adsorption to membrane-bound cellular receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Transcription takes place in the cytoplasm with a cellular enzyme transcriptase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Genome replication occurs within the cellular membrane in the cytoplasm. (wikipedia.org)
  • The detailed mechanisms have not yet been elucidated, but it seems that the presence of the virus interferes in certain cellular biochemical pathways that determine the immunogenicity of endogenous RNAs, in other words their ability to trigger an immune response. (pasteur.fr)
  • In addition to all biological cellular structures, microtubules are the fundamental organizing and duplicating mechanism of neural cells themselves! (sciforums.com)
  • Once the provirus is integrated into the host cell DNA, it is transcribed using typical cellular mechanisms to produce viral proteins and genetic material. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This protein is found in several parts of the cell, including inside a structure called the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), in the fluid-filled space inside the cell (the cytoplasm), and at the outer surface of the cell. (medlineplus.gov)
  • We now report an alternate mechanism of GAS-mediated apoptosis of primary human keratinocytes, initiated by extracellular GAS and involving dysregulation of intracellular calcium to produce endoplasmic reticulum stress. (lu.se)
  • With induced membrane tension MscL opens a large pore, releasing ions and small solutes, relieving the cytoplasm of osmotic tension. (rug.nl)
  • To elucidate the mechanisms of health hazards of WC-Co, effects of nano-WC-Co particles on Nrf2 signaling pathway were investigated in the present study in a JB6 cell line. (cdc.gov)
  • The proteins of the capsid mediate the injection of the viral DNA through bacterial membranes into cell cytoplasm. (wikipedia.org)
  • During an infection, viral RNA is introduced into the cell cytoplasm so that it can be read and translated into proteins needed for viral replication. (pasteur.fr)
  • They showed that the same type of endogenous RNA is involved in triggering innate immunity for different infections, which indicates that this mechanism has been highly conserved during evolution to protect against viral infections. (pasteur.fr)
  • The etiology and pathogenic mechanisms are unknown, although some hypothesis, such as local trauma or viral origin have been suggested. (bvsalud.org)
  • In particular, halophilic microorganisms have developed several adaptive mechanisms to cope up with osmotic stress. (benthamscience.com)
  • After a 5 h treatment with nano-WC-Co particles, Nrf2 was released from Keap1 in the cytoplasm and translocated into the nucleus. (cdc.gov)
  • Together, these studies identify T cell-mediated tumor regression as the mechanism through which a plant-derived essential oil diminishes established tumor burden. (biorxiv.org)
  • Microscopy of internalized bacteria showed that planktonic bacteria were internalized in lower numbers as individual or small clumps of bacteria in the cytoplasm, whereas GAS biofilm bacteria displayed a pattern of perinuclear localization of bacterial aggregates that affected actin structure. (lu.se)
  • The RNA molecules bind to these receptors, triggering defense mechanisms in the innate immune system to tackle the infection. (pasteur.fr)
  • Intracellular receptors that can be found in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus. (bvsalud.org)
  • Many members of this class of receptors occur in the cytoplasm and are transported to the CELL NUCLEUS upon ligand-binding where they signal via DNA-binding and transcription regulation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Also included in this category are receptors found on INTRACELLULAR MEMBRANES that act via mechanisms similar to CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. (bvsalud.org)
  • This study proposes a novel mechanism by which PRRSV utilizes host proteins to regulate innate immunity. (usda.gov)
  • Commonly found in most neurodegenerative diseases is the accumulation of aggregate-prone proteins within the cytoplasm of neurons. (ajmc.com)
  • Such proteins cause pathology "via toxic gain-of-function mechanisms," wrote the authors. (ajmc.com)
  • In this application, Specific Aim 1 will establish the role of HMGB1 in ceramide accumulation in cytoplasm of senescence osteoclast precursors via downregulation of ACdase activity in vitro. (nova.edu)
  • Exonic circRNA mainly exists in the eukaryotic cytoplasm. (jcancer.org)
  • Liu, J. Regulatory mechanisms and clinical perspectives of circRNA in digestive system neoplasms. (jcancer.org)
  • Like many viruses, PRRSV has evolved mechanisms to evade the host's immune system. (usda.gov)
  • Any DNA in the cytoplasm is a signal for alarm, as it resembles viruses that are invading the cell. (genengnews.com)
  • This mechanism could trigger immunity against viruses before they become detectable. (pasteur.fr)
  • In a recent study published in the journal iScience , French and US research teams investigated the innate immune mechanisms used by the body in response to RNA viruses. (pasteur.fr)
  • DNA viruses typically replicate in the host cell nucleus, and RNA viruses typically replicate in the cytoplasm. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Because RNA transcription does not involve the same error-checking mechanisms as DNA transcription, RNA viruses, particularly retroviruses, are particularly prone to mutation. (msdmanuals.com)
  • However, except non-primate species often do not mour viruses is often problematic, for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which accurately reflect the mechanism of Part 1 · Chapter 9. (who.int)
  • Through calcium regulation and other mechanisms, calreticulin is thought to play a role in the control of gene activity, cell growth and division (proliferation) and movement (migration), the attachment of cells to one another (adhesion), and regulation of programmed cell death (apoptosis). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Citokinesis = division of the cytoplasm in the phases of meiosis and mitosis, to separate daughter cells. (cea.fr)
  • however, mechanisms through which these bioactive compounds act on epithelial cells have not been identified. (biorxiv.org)
  • Cells therefore have defense mechanisms that they trigger themselves to ward off infection. (pasteur.fr)
  • What organizes the cytoskeleton and cytoplasm into cells? (sciforums.com)
  • In response to aging, the amount of ceramides increases in the cytoplasm of cells in conjunction with the diminished levels of acid ceramidase (ACdase), a lipid hydrolase that degrades ceramides. (nova.edu)
  • The authors sought to identify mechanisms driving the differentiation of mucus cells during the bronchiolisation process. (bmj.com)
  • The attenuation of metal/peroxide oxidative chemistry, as well as lipid peroxidation, appears to be the major chemical mechanisms by which NO may limit oxidative injury to mammalian cells. (researchgate.net)
  • The histopathological aspect is characterized by the presence of macrophages with foam cytoplasm (xanthoma cells) confined to the soft papillary tissue. (bvsalud.org)
  • 12 demonstrated that VX has macrophages containing lipids within them, anD after immunohistochemical studies, they confirmed the macrophagic origin of the xanthoma cells 13-14 , in which their cytoplasm is PAS-positive 2 . (bvsalud.org)
  • In the liver, KASV replicated in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, to a lesser extent in mononuclear phagocytes, and rarely in presumptive endothelial cells. (cdc.gov)
  • that is histopathological y very simi- T cel s, B cel s, natural kil er cel s, LMP1 of EBV can transform ro- lar to that caused by hepatitis B vi- macrophages, and dendritic cells, dent fibroblasts and is expressed rus (HBV) in humans, but it does so and this humanized mouse model in most of the human cancers as- through a different mechanism. (who.int)
  • In Xp11.2 translocation-associated renal cell carcinoma (RCC), cells typically have voluminous cytoplasm, which can range from eosinophilic and granular to clear. (medscape.com)
  • at least focally, tumor cells often have abundant clear cytoplasm, mimicking clear cell RCC. (medscape.com)
  • In Xp11.2 translocation-associated renal cell carcinoma, tumor cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and high nuclear grade are often arranged in large nests with a delicate, intervening vascular stroma. (medscape.com)
  • The present review was the first, to the best of our knowledge, to systematically summarize and clarify the relevance between KIN17 and tumor development from different aspects ( Table I ), including the structure, function, expression level and regulatory mechanisms of KIN17, so as to explore the potential of KIN17 as a tumor diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and as a potential therapeutic target. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Because of the prevalence of alternative splicing, researchers would like to know the regulatory mechanisms that control it and the functional consequences of the isoforms that are produced. (berkeley.edu)
  • Biological mechanisms of toxic metal uptake, translocation and resistance as well as strategies for improving phytoremediation are also discussed. (nature.com)
  • Together these results provide a better understanding of the potential mechanisms of uptake and survival of various phenotypes of GAS bacteria relevant for colonization and recurrent infection. (lu.se)
  • The mechanism of Chinese medicine is complex and systematic. (springer.com)
  • Fixation of the Plasma Membrane/Cytoplasm Complex: A Mechanism of Toxic Interaction of Tributyltin with the Cell. (epa.gov)
  • Deposition of this aCL immune complex causes additional exposure of anionic phospholipids and platelet activation by unidentified signal transducing mechanisms. (medscape.com)
  • Although the complete structure of the enzyme complex have now been solved (see PDB file 4HEA) the functional mechanism remains poorly understood. (lu.se)
  • The classical Complex I enzyme is composed of seven membrane-spanning protein subunits and seven protein subunits protruding into the cytoplasm (in bacteria) or into the mitochondrial matrix (in eukaryotes). (lu.se)
  • In this review, we briefly summarize the pathogenesis of NAFLD and factors that influence the progression of NAFLD, and focus on the potential mechanisms of BBR in the treatment of NAFLD. (mdpi.com)
  • Using molecular dynamics simulations of a comprehensive atomistic model cytoplasm we found that protein-protein interactions may destabilize native protein structures, whereas metabolite interactions may induce more compact states due to electrostatic screening. (elifesciences.org)
  • After mRNA processing, most transcripts are exported to the cytoplasm for translation into protein. (berkeley.edu)
  • It is known that for the synthesis of a protein, information written in the genetic code, which could be imagined as the manual for its assembly where triples of nucleotides match certain amino acids, should be taken out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm of the cell. (sciencedaily.com)
  • These studies confirmed the iris-like opening mechanism of the channel and provided valuable insight into how changes in protein shape influence its preferred conformational equilibrium. (rug.nl)
  • The mechanism by which vaccine adjuvants enhance immune responses has historically been considered to be the creation of an antigen depot. (mdpi.com)
  • Duck is one of the most sensitive animals to AFB 1 , and severe economic losses are caused by duck AFB 1 poisoning every year, but the exact mechanism of this high sensitivity is still unclear. (hindawi.com)
  • The exact mechanism(s) contributing to CMD-related diastolic dysfunction, however, remains incompletely understood. (medscape.com)
  • however, the efficacy of such treatments and mechanisms of action have rarely been tested in controlled studies. (biorxiv.org)
  • A group of researchers has discovered a new mechanism of DNA repair, which opens up new perspectives for the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. (sciencedaily.com)
  • A group of researchers, lead by Vasily M. Studitsky, professor at the Lomonosov Moscow State University, discovered a new mechanism of DNA repair, which opens up new perspectives for the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. (sciencedaily.com)
  • A repeated-measures panel investigation among 40 healthy young adults in Hefei, China was performed to explore the acute impacts of PM2.5 exposure and its deposition doses in 3 regions of respiratory tract over diverse lag times on BP, anxiety, depression, health risk, and the potential mechanisms. (bvsalud.org)
  • The mechanism of action of these compounds is also broad and extensive as well. (benthamscience.com)
  • Therefore, the aim of the present chapter is to outline the world of anti- infective agents, along with their mechanism of action. (benthamscience.com)
  • The pathogenic mechanisms reported in the literature for VX comprise inflammation, virus, local trauma, lipid metabolism disorders and immunological changes 7,12,15 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Using these drugs to reduce LINE1s improves health in mice and reduces inflammation, in addition to improving lifespan, notes Seluanov, who adds that "sterile inflammation triggered by LINE1 elements is a new mechanism of aging. (genengnews.com)
  • Increased evidence indicates that berberine (BBR), a natural plant product, has beneficial effects on NAFLD, though the mechanisms are not completely known. (mdpi.com)
  • Effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and regional respiratory tract depositions on blood pressure (BP), anxiety, depression, health risk and the underlying mechanisms need further investigations. (bvsalud.org)
  • A paradigm-shift in oral gerontology has recently occurred with the realization that TLR signal is attenuated in elders suggesting that an alternative pro-inflammatory mechanism in age-associated periodontitis. (nova.edu)
  • Then we summarized the mechanisms of these alkaloid components of Rhizoma coptidis on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes and diabetic complications. (springer.com)
  • A group of researchers, lead by Vasily M. Studitsky, studied the mechanism of detection of single-stranded DNA breaks at which the connection is lost between nucleotides on one strand in the places where the DNA is associated with histones. (sciencedaily.com)
  • These results clearly demonstrate the existence of an apparent ICL activity in L. amazonensis promastigotes, which is associated to a 40 kDa polypeptide and distributed both diffused and as punctuate aggregates in the cytoplasm. (degruyter.com)
  • This review summarizes and discusses the possible mechanisms of ducks' high sensitivity to AFB 1 and the feasibility of regulating ducks' AFB 1 metabolism through exogenous substances, thereby enhancing ducks' tolerance to AFB 1 . (hindawi.com)
  • From the beginning of this epidemic, NIMH has supported a rigorous and integrated research agenda to understand the mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of HIV-induced CNS dysfunction and the establishment and persistence of the HIV reservoir in CNS. (nih.gov)
  • The study particularly describes the case of HIV infection, which takes advantage of this mechanism. (pasteur.fr)
  • It is concluded that ERBs have effective mechanisms to respond to this virus, clearing it without evidence of clinical disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Bioactive derivatives from the camphor laurel tree, Cinnamomum camphora , are posited to exhibit chemopreventive properties but the efficacy and mechanism of these natural products have not been established. (biorxiv.org)