• Distinguished from the raceme-type inflorescences of Arabidopsis and panicle-type inflorescences of rice, tomato has a cyme-type inflorescence lacking a main axis, which initiates from a sympodial inflorescence meristem (SIM). (nature.com)
  • Auxin Depletion from the Leaf Axil Conditions Competence for Axillary Meristem Formation in Arabidopsis and Tomato. (mpg.de)
  • Epistatic Natural Allelic Variation Reveals a Function of AGAMOUS-LIKE6 in Axillary Bud Formation in Arabidopsis. (mpg.de)
  • The bHLH protein ROX acts in concert with RAX1 and LAS to modulate axillary meristem formation in Arabidopsis. (mpg.de)
  • LOST MERISTEMS genes regulate cell differentiation of central zone descendants in Arabidopsis shoot meristems. (mpg.de)
  • In contrast, our knowledge of the mechanisms behind axillary meristem regulation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) has grown rapidly in the past few years through the exploitation of integrated physiological, genetic, and molecular assays. (rothamsted.ac.uk)
  • These results demonstrate that both knowledge and assays from Arabidopsis axillary meristem biology can be successfully applied to Salix spp. (rothamsted.ac.uk)
  • Several genes affect axillary meristem initiation in Arabidopsis, but the mechanisms of axillary meristem initiation are still largely unknown. (plantae.org)
  • Primary carbohydrate metabolism genes participate in heat stress memory at the shoot apical meristem of Arabidopsis thaliana. (mpg.de)
  • Genome-Wide Association Mapping Reveals That Specific and Pleiotropic Regulatory Mechanisms Fine-Tune Central Metabolism and Growth in Arabidopsis. (mpg.de)
  • Reproductive failure in Arabidopsis thaliana under transient carbohydrate limitation: flowers and very young siliques are jettisoned and the meristem is maintained to allow successful resumption of reproductive growth. (mpg.de)
  • Upon elimination of PNY (PENNYWISE) and PNF (POUNDFOOLISH) function in Arabidopsis , SAM remained in a vegetative state as it could not perceive the inductive signals, which suggested the connection between meristem architecture and their response potential to floral stimuli [ 3 ]. (jabonline.in)
  • Shoot meristem Floral transition Inflorescence development FD Transcriptomics Two modes of gene regulation by TFL1 mediate its dual function in flowering time and shoot determinacy of Arabidopsis M. Cerise1, V. S. Falavigna1, G. Rodríguez-Maroto1. (silverchair.com)
  • We characterize early patterning during de novo development of the Arabidopsis shoot meristem using. (silverchair.com)
  • Thomas Laux Stem cell maintenance in the Arabidopsis shoot meristem is regulated by communication between the apical stem cells and the underlying organizing centre. (silverchair.com)
  • Ethylene signaling in salt-stressed Arabidopsis thaliana ein2-1 and ctr1-1 mutants - a dissection of molecular mechanisms involved in acclimation. (ugent.be)
  • The expression of genes involved in maintaining the apical meristem or in the development of floral organs is altered in the morphologically affected floral organs of phytoplasma-infected plants. (wikipedia.org)
  • They can stimulate both the differentiation and the outgrowth of axillary buds. (answerlib.org)
  • Therefore, the development of a branch can be divided into two main steps: the initiation of axillary meristems and the outgrowth of axillary buds. (plantae.org)
  • Keep a distance to be different: axillary buds initiating at a distance from the shoot apical meristem are crucial for the perennial lifestyle of Arabis alpina. (mpg.de)
  • The axillary meristems can develop into axillary buds and then form branches. (plantae.org)
  • However, in some conditions, the axillary meristems develop into axillary buds and stay in dormancy. (plantae.org)
  • report a regulatory module that controls the initiation of axillary meristems, thereby determining plant branching. (plantae.org)
  • Here, we uncover a new regulatory module CUC2/CUC23-DA1-UBP15 that controls the initiation of axillary meristems, thereby determining plant architecture. (plantae.org)
  • Mutation in the ubiquitin-dependent peptidase DA1 causes fewer lateral branches due to defects in the initiation of axillary meristems. (plantae.org)
  • The transcription factors CUC2 and CUC3, which regulate the initiation of the axillary meristems, directly bind to the promoter of DA1 and activate its expression. (plantae.org)
  • Further results show that the ubiquitin specific protease UBP15, which is a direct substrate of DA1 peptidase, represses the initiation of axillary meristems. (plantae.org)
  • Genetic analyses support that CUC2 / CUC33 , DA1 and UBP15 function in a common pathway to control the initiation of axillary meristems. (plantae.org)
  • Therefore, our findings reveal a genetic and molecular framework in which the CUC2/CUC3-DA1-UBP15 regulatory module controls the initiation of axillary meristems, thereby determining plant architecture. (plantae.org)
  • It is also essential to identify the targets of UBP15 in the axillary meristem initiation. (plantae.org)
  • LAX1 plays a vital role in axillary meristem initiation in rice. (springeropen.com)
  • While a few important genes for tomato inflorescence-branching development have been identified, the regulatory mechanism underlying inflorescence branching is still unclear. (nature.com)
  • Our findings provide insights into the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying inflorescence development in tomato. (nature.com)
  • Lateral suppressor and Goblet act in hierarchical order to regulate ectopic meristem formation at the base of tomato leaflets. (mpg.de)
  • By stimulating cell division , they regulate shoot meristem size, leaf primordia number, and leaf and shoot growth. (answerlib.org)
  • Cytokinins regulate root apical meristem size and promote lateral root elongation. (wikimili.com)
  • In addition, FALSIFLORA ( FA ), the tomato ortholog LEAFY , controls flowering time and floral meristem identity. (nature.com)
  • GEMMA CUP-ASSOCIATED MYB1, an Ortholog of Axillary Meristem Regulators, Is Essential in Vegetative Reproduction in Marchantia polymorpha. (mpg.de)
  • A larger vegetative shoot apical meristem (SAM) often produces more branching inflorescences. (nature.com)
  • Relatively short secondary shoots arise from axillary meristems subtended by small cauline leaves on the primary shoot and are also terminated by individual flowers (2° flowers). (qubs.ca)
  • relies on the activity of the shoot-producing meristems found on the coppice stool. (rothamsted.ac.uk)
  • The subsequent studies considered that higher plants share two essential features of floral transition: Generation of floral stimulus in leaves and its transport to the target, shoot apical meristem (SAM), which must be competent to receive it [ 2 ]. (jabonline.in)
  • The formation of new meristems is essential for the plastic expansion of the highly branched shoot and root systems. (researchgate.net)
  • While the shoot apical meristem (SAM) formed in the embryo only contributes to the main stem, the branched structure observed in many plants relies on axillary meristems (AMs) formed post-embryonically. (researchgate.net)
  • 2006 ). LAX1 , encoding a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, is expressed in the boundary between the shoot apical meristem and the region of new meristem formation (Komatsu et al. (springeropen.com)
  • Leaves are lateral determinate structures formed in a predictable sequence (phyllotaxy) on the flanks of an indeterminate shoot apical meristem. (cfsscloud.hk)
  • David Jackson Shoot meristems are maintained by pluripotent stem cells that are controlled by CLAVATA-WUSCHEL feedback signaling. (silverchair.com)
  • 2003 Homeodomain KNOX Shoot meristem knotted1 GFP. (silverchair.com)
  • These results suggest that cytokinins are an important regulatory factor of plant meristem activity and morphogenesis , with opposing roles in shoots and roots. (answerlib.org)
  • They are known to delay senescence in leaf tissues, promote mitosis, and stimulate differentiation of the meristem in shoots and roots. (driftlessprairies.org)
  • The DEGs are candidate for functional analyses of genes regulating the carpel quantitative variation in tree peonies, which provide a precious resource that reveals the molecular mechanism of carpel quantitative variation in other woody flower crops. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Most plants exhibit apical dominance but infection can trigger the proliferation of axillary (side) shoots and a reduction in internode size. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cytokinins can mediate axillary bud release from apical dominance. (answerlib.org)
  • Apical dominance (the inhibition of lateral bud formation) is triggered by auxins produced in the apical meristem (Boundless 2016). (driftlessprairies.org)
  • Whole inflorescences and individual flowers develop from extremely small meristems during the current flowering season. (qubs.ca)
  • Super determinant1A, a RAWULdomain-containing protein, modulates axillary meristem formation and compound leaf development in tomato. (mpg.de)
  • HsfA2 Controls the Activity of Developmentally and Stress-Regulated Heat Stress Protection Mechanisms in Tomato Male Reproductive Tissues. (mpg.de)
  • Plant aerial development relies on meristem activity which ensures main body plant axis development during plant life. (researchgate.net)
  • However, the regulation of the activity of these meristems is poorly understood. (rothamsted.ac.uk)
  • While the regulation of the stem cell population in an established meristem is well described, how it is initiated in newly formed meristems is less well underst. (researchgate.net)
  • Plants from different nursery cultivation systems were dissected to determine plant architecture detecting and recording the fate of all the meristems before field cultivation. (researchgate.net)
  • One characteristic symptom is abnormal floral organ development including phyllody (i.e., the production of leaf-like structures in place of flowers), virescence (i.e., the development of green flowers attributable to a loss of pigment by petal cells) and fasciation (i.e. abnormal change in the apical meristem structure). (wikipedia.org)
  • Divide et impera: boundaries shape the plant body and initiate new meristems. (mpg.de)
  • Branches originate from secondary meristems in the axils of leaves, referred to as the axillary meristems. (plantae.org)
  • Gibberellins are synthesized in the root and stem apical meristems, young leaves, and seed embryos. (driftlessprairies.org)
  • For understanding the underlying mechanisms of floral transition, genetic models have been developed based on the physiological studies carried on in the last century and the current molecular studies. (jabonline.in)
  • Furthermore, the effects of the evolution of a clonal reproduction strategy on potato genomes and the evolutionary mechanisms of tuberization are largely unexplored. (nature.com)
  • For the occurrence of floral transition at an opportune time, these regulatory mechanisms integrate varied environmental cues with the endogenous physiological ones. (jabonline.in)
  • To address this issue researchers are working in understanding the physiological and molecular mechanisms of abiotic stress responses and tolerance. (techscience.com)
  • in symbiosis with AMF, and thus, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. (bvsalud.org)
  • There is a wide variation in the number of carpel in P. rockii , but the molecular mechanism of the variation has rarely been studied. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To analyze the regulatory mechanism involved in the high growth potential of C. virgata , we performed RNA-seq-based transcriptome analysis and illustrated a comprehensive gene expression map of the species. (frontiersin.org)
  • This adaptive hypothesis is further supported by comparative data from closely related A. caerulea, which differs from A. canadensis in the nature of herbivory as well as the pattern and mechanism of sequential variation in reproductive allocation. (qubs.ca)
  • Reproductive success in angiosperms has remained dependent on the evolution of elaborate mechanisms that guarantee the flowering to occur at a favorable time. (jabonline.in)
  • Overcoming such checkpoints enables SAM to transform into floral meristem to produce flowers, and this transformation is induced by intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli that generate floral signals. (jabonline.in)
  • Because the carpel number affects seed yield directly, comprehensive analysis of the molecular mechanisms driving carpel quantitative variation is of great significance for high yield breeding. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Despite progress in model plants, the molecular mechanisms of quantitative variation remain unknown in woody flower plants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Root morphology is divided into four zones: the root cap, the apical meristem , the elongation zone, and the hair. (wikimili.com)
  • Although phytoplasmas are restricted to phloem, TENGU is transported from phloem to other cells, including those of the apical and axillary meristems. (wikipedia.org)
  • In plants, stem cells are embedded in structures called meristems. (researchgate.net)
  • Floral inductive signals induce the transformation of SAM into a floral meristem, and plants' flowering time could be affected by growing them in varying day lengths such as shortening day length by shading or increasing the day length by incandescent light bulbs [ 5 ]. (jabonline.in)