Mechanisms initiating vascular. Medical search. Frequent questions

Transport of macromolecules across vascular endothelium and its modification by fluid mechanical forces are important for normal tissue function and in the development of atherosclerosis. (imperial.ac.uk)
The abnormal morphology and dysfunction of mitochondria have been proven as the principal mechanisms in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, such as heart failure, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, and hypertension ( 4 - 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
Atherosclerosis is initiated by endothelium dysfunction, followed by immune cell (including monocytes) infiltration into the vascular intima to induce forming of plaques. (ki.se)
Injury to vascular endothelium, such as that induced by aging, high cholesterol, diabetes or hypertension, is considered a key initiating event in the development of atherosclerosis, leading to impairment of brain blood flow. (mayo.edu)
Our research faculty are recognized internationally for work in inflammation and cardiovascular disease, cardiac remodeling and fibrosis, heart failure, basic electrophysiology, circadian rhythms, and atherosclerosis and vascular biology. (uab.edu)
Arsenic, an environmental pollutant, is related to the progression of atherosclerosis, although the pathogenic mechanisms are not fully elucidated. (go.jp)

Vascular endothelium. (mayo.edu)
Dr. Katusic's studies are focused on understanding mechanisms responsible for normal endothelial function and repair of injured endothelium. (mayo.edu)
Dr. Katusic's team is interested in the development of optimal therapeutic interventions designed to exert a protective effect on vascular endothelium in the cerebral circulation. (mayo.edu)
Dr. Katusic's research is designed to define mechanisms linking dysfunctional endothelium with progression of cognitive decline. (mayo.edu)
We hypothesised that MTX specifically protects the vascular endothelium against inflammatory injury via induction of AMPK-regulated protective genes. (bmj.com)
Conclusions These data suggest that MTX therapeutically conditions vascular endothelium via activation of AMPK-CREB. (bmj.com)
We will investigate the effects of exenatide on vascular endothelial injury and nitrooxidative stress in hyperglycemia both in vivo and in vitro and explore the role of nitrooxidative stress in endothelium-protective action of exenatide. (hindawi.com)
In conclusion, this study demonstrates that exenatide treatment can alleviate the vascular endothelial injury, as well as attenuating the nitrooxidative stress in hyperglycemia, implying that the endothelium-protective effect of exenatide might be related to the reduction of nitrooxidative stress. (hindawi.com)
CMV infects vascular endothelium with intermittent shedding of the virus and the development of latency. (biomedcentral.com)

CONCLUSIONS: These results provide evidence that the uterine microvascular dysfunction that follows pulmonary ENM exposure may be initiated via activation of lung-resident ILC2 and subsequent systemic Th2-dependent inflammation. (cdc.gov)
This ARC will coordinate activities of basic science labs and clinical research labs to assess the interrelationship between metabolic dysfunction and vascular disease. (bu.edu)
The ARC takes a well integrated approach to understand the functional interrelationships between metabolic disease and vascular dysfunction. (bu.edu)
3) Vascular dysfunction within adipose tissue leads to inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. (bu.edu)
Both TP and TP-H topically penetrate and function in skin or mucosa, protecting and treating radiation burns and hair loss or smoking-induced cutaneous vascular dysfunction. (frontiersin.org)
Our group focuses on the pathophysiological mechanisms by which synapses are sites of early dysfunction and damage in the most common neurodegenerative disease causing dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD). (lu.se)
2005). A major effort of our group has been to determine the cell biological mechanism(s) by which Aβ peptides initiate dysfunction of synapses in AD. (lu.se)

Activated SIRT1 signals hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-2α, which transactivates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and erythropoietin. (molvis.org)
Although vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA-165) is primarily known for its role in angiogenesis, it also plays important neurotrophic and neuroprotective roles for spinal motor neurons. (jneurosci.org)

Arvanitakis has published original research in peer-reviewed medical journals in the field of neurodegenerative, vascular, and metabolic cognitive impairment and dementia, including publications on the topics of Alzheimer's disease and mechanisms of dementia. (rush.edu)
We provided the first evidence that age-related pathology in Alzheimer's disease initiates with aberrant accumulation and aggregation of β-amyloid peptides within vulnerable neurons, in particular their neurite terminals (Takahashi RH et al. (lu.se)
The most common types of dementia are Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. (who.int)

It is generally accepted that dysregulated liver lipid metabolism and inflammation are two crucial mechanisms involved in NAFLD development, although the transcription network and the related epigenome remodeling events remain largely unclarified. (ki.se)
One argues for the primacy of inflammation as the trigger that initiates fibrosis, and the other proposes that fibrosis arises as a consequence of chronic epithelial injury and failure of repair due to aberrant epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. (ersjournals.com)
Inflammation remains the most frequently explored mechanism of ENM toxicity. (cdc.gov)
This process that initiates inflammation and keeps it alive is controled by endothelial cells that form the interphase between blood and tissue. (mpg.de)
Whereas the mechanism of capturing leukocytes to the blood vessel wall at sites of inflammation is rather well understood, very little is known about how leukocytes actually overcome the blood vessel wall (diapedesis). (mpg.de)
Radical-induced oxidative stress and inflammation can be modulated by Tempol (TP)-based nitroxide drugs to prevent or treat vascular, ocular, and other pathological conditions and aging associated disease. (frontiersin.org)
Inflammation is a defense mechanism initiated to control and eliminate the Offending agent and prepare an environment conducive to healing and repair. (nursingenotes.com)
Inflammation response can be divided into a vascular response is a response to formation of exudates and healing process. (nursingenotes.com)
Rabbit vascular endothelial adhesion molecules: ELAM-1 is most elevated in acute inflammation, whereas VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 predominate in chronic inflammation. (cdc.gov)

Mosses, non-vascular plants, are one of the oldest groups of land plants, yet little is known about the defense mechanisms that have allowed them to be masters of survival. (butler.edu)
Studies have suggested that light plays a crucial role in initiating these defense responses but light's role in many plant species' defense mechanisms is unknown. (butler.edu)
Light mediated defense mechanisms of the moss species Mnium cuspidatum are unknown. (butler.edu)
At higher concentrations, ROS induces cell injury and death, which occurs during the aging process, where accelerated generation of ROS and a gradual decline in cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms, especially in the mitochondria. (nih.gov)
The innate immune system comprises physical, chemical, and biological barriers (e.g., the skin , gastric acid , commensal organisms ) and both cellular (e.g., granulocytes , natural killer cells , mast cells ) and humoral ( complement system ) defense mechanisms . (amboss.com)
Finally, further experimental research studies are needed to evaluate the complex mechanisms by which lead may cause cancer with particular emphasis on the roles of oxidative stress / apoptosis and the roles of cellular defense mechanisms, signaling pathways and intracellular lead binding patterns in mediating these processes. (who.int)

The minimal hemodynamic change that defines a positive response to AVT for children should be considered as a ≥20% decrease in PAP and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)/systemic vascular resistance (SVR) without a decrease in cardiac output. (medscape.com)
Systemic conditions may modify the extent of periodontitis principally through their effects on normal immune and inflammatory mechanisms. (medscape.com)

His methodological focus is in genetics, molecular and cellular biology, neuroimaging and the conduct of investigator-initiated studies. (eso-stroke.org)
Our clinical investigators are supported by the Cardiovascular Clinical Trial Unit (CCTU) that manages over 90 clinical research studies, including trials in heart failure, pulmonary vascular disease, mechanical circulatory support, structural and interventional cardiology, electrophysiology, hypertension, general and preventive cardiology, and investigator initiated cardiovascular outcomes research. (uab.edu)
Arvanitakis is Principal Investigator of research grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), including investigator-initiated grants (R01s), and is Principal Investigator of clinical trials and co-investigator on several other NIH-funded and additional projects. (rush.edu)

Increased blood flow to the pulmonary vessels and increased pressure may lead to obstructive arteriopathy and will raise the pulmonary vascular resistance. (bjcardio.co.uk)
The BREATHE 5 study showed improvement in 6MWT and decreased pulmonary vascular resistance. (bjcardio.co.uk)

HydrALAZINE, by altering cellular calcium metabolism, interferes with the calcium movements within the vascular smooth muscle that are responsible for initiating or maintaining the contractile state. (nih.gov)
HBOT might initiate a cellular and vascular repair mechanism and improve cerebral vascular flow [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
ECs have the capacity to undergo a dynamic cellular phenotypic switching, termed the endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT), in response to local environmental cues throughout the vascular system. (bmbreports.org)
2006). Moreover, we carried out studies on the cellular mechanisms whereby β-amyloid antibodies can reduce Aβ peptides and protect synapses in cell models of AD, providing a biological mechanism for a leading therapeutic direction for AD: Aβ immunotherapy (Tampellini et al. (lu.se)

Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and cardiovascular disease may develop by common pathophysiologic pathways initiated by similar vascular risk factors. (biomedcentral.com)
This review highlights the current fund of knowledge regarding the known links between miRNAs and the EndMT process, with a focus on the mechanism that regulates associated signaling pathways and discusses the potential for the EndMT as a therapeutic target to treat many diseases. (bmbreports.org)

Platelet aggregation at sites of vascular injury is essential for hemostasis and arterial thrombosis. (nature.com)
It has long been assumed that platelet aggregation and thrombus growth are initiated by soluble agonists generated at sites of vascular injury. (nature.com)
We find that in response to vascular injury, thrombi initially develop through the progressive stabilization of discoid platelet aggregates. (nature.com)
These findings provide insight into the prothrombotic effects of disturbed blood flow parameters and suggest a fundamental reinterpretation of the mechanisms driving platelet aggregation and thrombus growth. (nature.com)
Abnormalities in the coagulation cascade that are independent of platelet mechanisms can affect hemostasis. (medscape.com)
Mechanisms are also in place that limit the hemostatic response to the site of injury and prevent further platelet activation. (medscape.com)
The binding of von Willebrand factor (VWF) to its platelet receptor initiates the primary mechanism for the adhesion of platelets to a site of vascular injury and subsequent platelet activation. (peprotech.com)
During EndMT, ECs lose their ability to express endothelial markers, such as vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1, also known as CD31) and von Willebrand Factor (vWF). (bmbreports.org)

While not all obese individuals develop high blood pressure, scientific evidence supports that several pathophysiological mechanisms contribute to obesity-induced hypertension. (withings.com)

We propose that hypometabolism, coupled with oxidative stressors, is responsible for most Alzheimer disease (AD) and cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) and appears to be a central initiating factor for vascular abnormalities, mitochondrial damage and an imbalance in the activity of vasoactive substances, such as different isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), endothelin-1 (ET-1), oxidative stress markers, mtDNA and mitochondrial enzymes in the vascular wall and in brain parenchymal cells. (nih.gov)

It is postulated that the thrombin-generating capacity of rFVIIa is enhanced substantially by platelets accumulating at the site of vascular damage (Figure 2). (medscape.com)

Etiologically, nonplatelet hemostatic disorders can be divided those involving coagulation factors and those involving vascular aspects of hemostasis. (medscape.com)
Hemostasis is a physiologic mechanism that maintains blood in a fluid state within the circulation. (medscape.com)

In response to vascular injury, circulating platelets adhere, aggregate, and provide cell surface phospholipids for the assembly of blood clotting enzyme complexes, thrombin activation, and fibrin formation. (medscape.com)

The purpose of this study was to determine the uterine inflammatory and vascular effects of pulmonary exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticle s (nano -TiO2). (cdc.gov)
We hypothesized that pulmonary nano-TiO2 exposure initiates a Th2 inflammatory response mediated by Group II innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), which may be associated with an impairment in uterine microvascular reactivity. (cdc.gov)
Immunosuppressive drug therapy and any disease (eg, HIV infection) resulting in suppression of the normal inflammatory and immune mechanisms can cause or enhance severe periodontal diseases. (medscape.com)

Recent evidence has indicated that the vascular endothelial injury induced by hyperglycemia is associated with the enhanced nitrooxidative stress both in vivo and in vitro [ 3 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
See Pediatric Concussion and Other Traumatic Brain Injuries , a Critical Images slideshow, to help identify the signs and symptoms of TBI, determine the type and severity of injury, and initiate appropriate treatment. (medscape.com)

His major research interest is in the mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of small vessel disease (SVD), stroke and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). (eso-stroke.org)

In addition, vascular disease is an important cause and contributor of dementia. (lu.se)

In liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension is a consequence of enhanced intrahepatic vascular resistance and portal blood flow. (karger.com)
We also train the next generation of cardiovascular scientists under the auspices of two T32 post-doctoral training grants in the division, one related to vascular biology and hypertension, the other to heart failure. (uab.edu)
Vascular damage occurring during preeclampsia or gestational hypertension may contribute to the development of future cardiovascular disease, or is already present before pregnancy. (biomedcentral.com)
Obesity and its comorbidities, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus, have a devastating impact on vascular function leading to conditions that promote cardiovascular disease. (bu.edu)

Our basic and translational investigators are pushing the frontiers of discovery to understand the pathophysiology and mechanisms of cardiovascular disease and to translate this knowledge into the clinic. (uab.edu)
Importantly, the ARC is translational, and it strives to meaningfully involve mechanistic studies in experimental systems with measures of vascular cell function in patients. (bu.edu)

One of the major goals of research of the department Vascular Cell Biology at the MPI for Molecular Biomedicine is to identify and understand the molecular mechanisms that allow paracellular diapedesis. (mpg.de)

As one of the top 20 U.S. News and World Report Heart and Heart Surgery programs in the country in 2018, UAB Medicine is Alabama's major referral center for complex cardiac and vascular disorders. (uab.edu)
In addition, it has also shown beneficial effects on both cardiac [ 11 - 13 ] and vascular endothelial functions [ 14 - 19 ]. (hindawi.com)

Our ongoing efforts attempt to validate these candidates and to explore their mechanism of action through a variety of methodologies, including tissue-specific mouse models and next-generation sequencing approaches. (ki.se)
Tissue factor (TF) is the initiator of the coagulation cascade, constitutively expressed in subendothelial cells such as vascular smooth muscle cells and initiating rapid coagulation when the vascular vessel is damaged. (go.jp)

Despite advances in disease-modifying and biological therapy for these diseases, we lack specific strategies aimed at retarding development of premature CVD and have limited knowledge of whether individual drugs offer vascular protection. (bmj.com)
The funds from this ARC will be used to 1) initiate collaborative studies in mouse models on mechanisms of obesity-linked cardiovascular diseases and 2) support research where basic science and clinical research labs perform molecular analyses on tissues and cell samples isolated from patient populations. (bu.edu)

Here we report that MCMV infections of gene-targeted mice lacking IFN-γR and subjected to whole body irradiation develop vascular lesions that over 4 months progress to severe vasculopathy characterized by significant neointima formation, a prominent feature of autoimmune vasculopathies in humans. (biomedcentral.com)

We propose projects to define the molecular mechanisms by which metabolic disease impacts vascular function and vice versa . (bu.edu)
In the present study, we investigated the effect of arsenite on the expression of TF in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) and the underlying molecular mechanisms. (go.jp)
In addition, a recent report [ 15 ] revealed that SSc autoantibodies bind to CMV late protein UL94 and induce apoptosis in endothelial cells therefore implicating molecular mimicry as a potential mechanism accounting for the link between SSc and CMV. (biomedcentral.com)

In this review, we summarized the mechanism of mitochondrial transfer in the cardiovascular system and outlined the fate and functional role of donor mitochondria. (frontiersin.org)
Vascular endothelial and neuronal mitochondria are especially vulnerable to oxidative stress due to their role in energy supply and use, which can cause a cascade of debilitating factors such as the production of giant and/or vulnerable young mitochondrion who's DNA has been compromised. (nih.gov)

Increased capillary vascular permeability is the commonly accepted pathophysiology ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)

Activation of monocytes by pathological factors (i.e. obesity, hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia) serves as the key mechanism to promote the disease development. (ki.se)

It is possible RGC death is a consequence of vascular mural cell-induced vasoconstriction and its pathological sequelae. (jax.org)

It is unresolved how Aβ accumulates in the central nervous system and subsequently initiates the disease of cells. (wikipedia.org)
The diagnostic assessment includes blood studies, coagulation studies, tests for collagen-vascular disease, and imaging studies, as well as a variety of other tests and procedures. (medscape.com)
We have made groundbreaking discoveries in how changes in the immune system can drive heart failure, how misalignment of circadian rhythms can promote obesity and cardiometabolic disease, and how specific lipoprotein mimetics can modulate vascular disease. (uab.edu)

In this study, we investigated the role of SIRT1 in choroidal angiogenesis in vitro and analyzed the mechanism by which SIRT1 may regulate the initiation of neovascularization. (molvis.org)

We propose that this mechanism contributes to the protection against cardiovascular events seen in patients with RA treated with MTX. (bmj.com)

Because sexual stimulation is required to initiate the local release of nitric oxide, the inhibition of PDE5 by tadalafil has no effect in the absence of sexual stimulation. (theodora.com)

We are also part of the UAB Medicine Heart and Vascular Services which integrates all clinical cardiovascular services across the UAB Health System. (uab.edu)

Hence, it is of great significance to reveal the mechanism behind drug addiction, and thanks to the advancing technology in the neuroscience, accumulating studies help people understand how versatile astrocytes work in drug addiction indeed [ 4 ]. (degruyter.com)
Specifically, the concepts of tumour heterogeneity, oncogene addiction, non-oncogene addiction, tumour initiating cells, tumour microenvironment, non-coding sequences and DNA damage response will be reviewed. (bmj.com)

Intermittent hypoxia-induced pLTF is associated with greater ERK phosphorylation (activation) in the region of the phrenic motor nucleus ( Wilkerson and Mitchell, 2009 ), and pLTF requires ERK (not Akt) activation in its underlying mechanism (M. S. Hoffman and G. S. Mitchell, unpublished observation). (jneurosci.org)
The second most important role of BPC 157 is the activation of a mechanism for gene expression. (theironden.com)

Nowadays, more and more studies have revealed that cells in the cardiovascular system (such as cardiomyocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, et al. (frontiersin.org)

Pressure myography was used to assess vascular reactivity of isolated radial arterioles. (cdc.gov)

The theoretical mechanism for the coagulation and hemostatic effects of rFVIIa are discussed. (medscape.com)

However, until now, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. (hindawi.com)
Although the precise mechanism of action of hydrALAZINE is not fully understood, the major effects are on the cardiovascular system. (nih.gov)

A more studied groups of plants, vascular plants, exhibit hypersensitive response (HR) which defends against immediate pathogen attack. (butler.edu)

ONOO − can initiate both nitrative and oxidative reactions with proteins, lipids, and DNA. (hindawi.com)

Significant efforts have been focused on the mechanisms responsible for Aβ production, including the proteolytic enzymes gamma- and β-secretases which generate Aβ from its precursor protein, APP (amyloid precursor protein). (wikipedia.org)

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs4

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Information Science1

Atherosclerosis6

Endothelium9

Dysfunction7

Endothelial growth factor2

Alzheimer's3

Inflammation9

Defense6

Systemic2

Investigator-initiated3

Pulmonary vascular r2

Cellular4

Pathways2

Platelet8

Pathophysiological mechanisms1

Brain parenchymal1

Site of vascular1

Hemostasis2

Platelets1

Inflammatory3

Injury2

Cognitive1

Dementia1

Hypertension4

Translational2

Biology1

Cardiac2

Tissue2

Diseases2

Lesions1

Molecular3

Mitochondria2

Pathophysiology1

Hyperglycemia1

Consequence1

Disease3

Regulate1

Contributes1

Nitric1

Clinical1

Addiction2

Activation2

Studies1

Assess1

Hemostatic1

Fully understood2

Response1

Proteins1

Significant1