Mechanisms initiate responses. Medical search. Frequent questions

By 16 December 2020, the Global Fund had awarded US$759 million through its COVID-19 Response Mechanism (C19RM), designed to support countries in their fight against the pandemic. (theglobalfund.org)
Download PDF On 15 April 2021, the Office of the Inspector General (OIG) published its report on its audit of the COVID-19 Response Mechanism (C19RM). (aidspan.org)
ABSTRACT The COVID-19 Response Mechanism was designed and rolled-out quickly as an important part of the Global Fund's efforts to support countries affected by the pandemic. (aidspan.org)

They demonstrated that exposing the cells to THC reduced amyloid beta protein levels and eliminated the inflammatory response from the nerve cells caused by the protein, thereby allowing the nerve cells to survive. (salk.edu)
When we were able to identify the molecular basis of the inflammatory response to amyloid beta, it became clear that THC-like compounds that the nerve cells make themselves may be involved in protecting the cells from dying. (salk.edu)
In separate but related research, his lab found an Alzheimer's drug candidate called J147 that also removes amyloid beta from nerve cells and reduces the inflammatory response in both nerve cells and the brain. (salk.edu)
A proprietary composition of Andrographis paniculata (ParActin®, standardized to a particular compound, 14-Neo Andro) has been shown to promote favorable immune tolerance through its ability to activate/stimulate the PPAR gamma receptor (aka PPAR gamma agonist), which effectively turns off the master switch-NF Kappa B-responsible for exerting the overreactive inflammatory response. (naturalproductsinsider.com)

Macrophages are secretory cells, and the cytokines they produce play an important role in modifying innate and adaptive immune responses. (wikipedia.org)

CCMs were mobilized to achieve stakeholder engagement and integration with national COVID-19 responses. (theglobalfund.org)
55% on reinforcing national COVID-19 responses. (aidspan.org)

Cytokines are small proteins that are secreted by immune cells and help ensure a rapid response to restrict a virus. (freerepublic.com)
However, the exact pathways that initiate the cytokines and the molecular mechanisms behind them was unknown. (freerepublic.com)
This can be due to a situation where infection coupled with tissue destruction is so significant that the cytokines and chemokines try to increase repair mechanisms, however, they make things worse. (fungi.com)
The integration of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from microorganisms with their surface receptors in the immune cells, induces the production of several cytokines and chemokines that presents either a pro- and/or anti-inflammatory role by stimulating the secretion of a great variety of antibody subtypes and the activation of mechanisms of controlling the disease, such as the regulatory T cells. (bvsalud.org)

Future unsolicited competing continuation applications will compete with all investigator-initiated applications and be reviewed according to the customary peer review procedures. (nih.gov)
This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) invites submission of investigator-initiated Program Project (P01) applications. (cdc.gov)

Our concern with human exposure to BPA derives from 1) identification of molecular mechanisms mediating effects in human and animal tissues at very low doses, 2) in vivo effects in experimental animals caused by low doses within the range of human exposure, and 3) widespread human exposure to levels of BPA that cause adverse effects in animals. (nih.gov)
By assessing targeted immune-related gene expression patterns and pathways in the placenta and fetal thymus we were able to elucidate molecular mechanisms involved in the resistance/tolerance and susceptibility of fetuses to PRRSV infection. (usda.gov)

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) modulate many physiological processes by transducing a variety of extracellular cues into intracellular responses. (nih.gov)
However, how agonists with varying efficacy modulate these receptor states to initiate cellular responses is not well understood. (nih.gov)
Additionally, PPAR gamma agonists, stimulated by 14-Neo Andro, have been shown to modulate inflammatory responses in the brain, which supports healthy cognitive function. (naturalproductsinsider.com)
Elderberry juice has a number of different compounds that both support immune engagement and modulate the immune response to balance immune activity (2-5). (fungi.com)
They occasionally exhibit toxic, mutagenic or carcinogenic effects, or they modulate immune responses. (cdc.gov)

To investigate whether immune-mediated mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of autism, we used immunocytochemistry, cytokine protein arrays, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to study brain tissues and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from autistic patients and determined the magnitude of neuroglial and inflammatory reactions and their cytokine expression profiles. (blogspot.com)

These data demonstrate that ligands can initiate a wide range of cellular responses by differentially stabilizing multiple receptor states. (nih.gov)
This therapeutic setting therefore provided an opportunity to study T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire changes in response to hapten sensitization in humans. (elifesciences.org)
Ligands of the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) superfamily of growth factors initiate signal transduction through a bewildering complexity of ligand-receptor interactions. (nature.com)
Responses were compared with those in mice deficient in the cold/menthol receptor, TRPM8, expressed in trigeminal sensory neurons innervating the oral cavity. (bmj.com)
We found that overexpression of Sirt1 in the brain leads to an increase in the cellular response of a receptor called orexin type 2 receptor in the two areas of the hypothalamus," said Akiko Satoh, a postdoc in Imai's lab who served as the study's first author. (goldsea.com)
We have demonstrated that the increased response by the receptor initiates signaling from the hypothalamus to skeletal muscles," she said. (goldsea.com)

Mosser's laboratory has studied the heterogeneity of macrophages, and the roles these cells play in positively or negatively influencing adaptive immune responses. (wikipedia.org)
INNATE IMMUNITYInnate immunity is the first line of defence and comprises physical (skin), biochemical (complement, lysozyme) and cellular (macrophages, neutrophils) mechanisms (Katzung, 1998). (referat.ru)

Leon-Reyes investigated how three plant hormones - salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET) - cooperate with each other to initiate the correct defence response. (sciencedaily.com)
Switching on the defence mechanism requires a lot of energy from the plant and can go to the cost of growth and reproduction. (sciencedaily.com)
It is therefore vital that the plant only initiates the defence mechanisms required. (sciencedaily.com)
Leon-Reyes discovered that if the SA response was activated just before or at the same time as the JA response, the defence mechanisms regulated by JA are suppressed. (sciencedaily.com)
Pieterse received a Vici grant in 2004 from NWO's Innovational Research Incentives Scheme for his research into the self-defence mechanisms of plants. (sciencedaily.com)
The mucosa is therefore supplied with a number of defence mechanisms, including an unstirred layer of mucus into which bicarbonate is secreted by the mucosa. (gu.se)
The role of complement & antibody-antigen complexesAntibodies have two distinct functions: to recognise and combine with an antigen, and to activate a defence mechanism for example by activating the complement sequence (Dale et. (referat.ru)

We have solved a major piece of the cytokine storm mystery by characterizing critical factors responsible for initiating this process, and thereby identifying a unique combination therapy using existing drugs that can be applied in the clinic to save lives," Kanneganti said. (freerepublic.com)
Researchers think that the drug may work by calming the aggressive immune response called the "cytokine storm" that occurs in severely ill COVID-19 patients, but further research is needed to determine how effective leronlimab is. (newsweek.com)
Some people have shared concerns about the potential for activating the immune response in an abnormally aggressive manner currently being referred to as a cytokine storm (1). (fungi.com)
In unusual circumstances referred to as a cytokine storm, the feedback mechanism hard wired in the immune response can become faulty. (fungi.com)

The audit report contains annexes that provide outlines of the pandemic evolution, the global situation, impact on health and Global Fund programs, the Global Fund's COVID-19 response chronology, COVID-19 initiatives, the C19RM's key features, and C19RM governance. (aidspan.org)
A C19RM sub-group was formed from the Business Continuity Planning Group to develop the mechanism. (aidspan.org)

The proximal events of TLR-mediated intracellular signaling are initiated by interactions with cytosolic adapters, mainly myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88) [ 25 ]. (hindawi.com)

Understanding the pathways and mechanism driving this inflammation is critical to develop effective treatment strategies," corresponding author Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti, PhD, said. (freerepublic.com)

These therapies should target the cellular mechanisms that underly HI brain injury, including early phase propagators of injury such as neuro-inflammation, cell death, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and excitotoxicity, and they should be safe for use in both term and preterm infants. (frontiersin.org)
Inflammatory signaling in cardiomyocytes usually occurs as an early response to myocardial injury and entails cytosolic and mainly mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction [ 10 , 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
Here, we show that formation of mitochondrial diacylglycerol (DAG) and its binding to PKD1 is the means by which PKD1 is localized to the mitochondria in response to ROS. (biologists.com)

Autoimmune mechanisms may also underlie rapidly progressive sensorineural hearing loss with or without vertigo and certain childhood neuropsychiatric disorders such as obsessive compulsive disorder and Tourette's disorder. (nih.gov)
These mechanisms may underlie preference for menthol-containing smokeless tobacco products and may facilitate initiation of product use. (bmj.com)

Quite some years ago, we revealed that plants under attack by caterpillars initiate a systemic release of specific volatiles. (unine.ch)
Systemic conditions may modify the extent of periodontitis principally through their effects on normal immune and inflammatory mechanisms. (medscape.com)

Signal duration and signal magnitude are crucial determinants of the outcome of TGFβ superfamily signalling, in particular in early embryonic patterning, in which TGFβ superfamily ligands act as morphogens that elicit distinct responses in a dose-dependent fashion. (nature.com)

XPC is for use with simple request and response interactions between clients and servers. (rfc-editor.org)
Now that we have obtained considerable insight into the ecology and the mechanisms of these above- and belowground multi-trophic level interactions, we are applying this knowledge to better understand the evolutionary, ecological and applicable aspects of chemical signalling between plants and insects. (unine.ch)

Inflammation within the brain is a major component of the damage associated with Alzheimer's disease, but it has always been assumed that this response was coming from immune-like cells in the brain, not the nerve cells themselves," says Antonio Currais, a postdoctoral researcher in Schubert's laboratory and first author of the paper. (salk.edu)
Inflammation, however, is not an unjustified biological response. (naturalproductsinsider.com)
Inflammation is a complex reaction of the body in response to cellular injury (such as a bruise, etc.) that is marked by tissue swelling, capillary dilation, anti-histamine activity, redness, heat and pain. (naturalproductsinsider.com)
Inflammation is a result of the body's internal protection mechanism reacting with the body. (jointhealthmagazine.com)
Unlike popular belief, inflammation is a very natural process that is initiated by the body in response to foreign agents. (jointhealthmagazine.com)

All can be initiated by pattern recognition receptors, and the factors leading to killing can be subdivided into cellular and humoral components. (vanderbilt.edu)
The humoral response includes the phenoloxidase cascade system of melanization and wound healing, inducible antimicrobial peptides, reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates, and pattern recognition receptors. (vanderbilt.edu)
1995). ADAPTIVE IMMUNITYThe adaptive immune system is split into two mechanisms: humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity. (referat.ru)

In broad terms, mosquitoes kill pathogens via three mechanisms: cell-mediated phagocytosis, melanization, and lysis. (vanderbilt.edu)
Similar to vertebrates, mosquitoes mount robust innate immune responses against invading pathogens. (vanderbilt.edu)
It is critical for our survival and is the body's natural mechanisms to defend against a diverse variety of pathogens including bacteria, viruses, fungi, tumors and a number of various other harmful agents (chemicals, radiation, burns, and various wounds). (naturalproductsinsider.com)

Fight or flight is a survival mechanism the body initiates in response to danger. (gghc.org)
The serine/threonine kinase protein kinase D1 (PKD1) is a stress-responsive kinase and sensor for reactive oxygen species, which can initiate cell survival through NF-κB signaling. (biologists.com)

By definition, it cannot be the hydrogen ions themselves that trigger mucosal acid receptors in turn mediating such protective responses. (gu.se)

Finally, we established a causal relationship between cortical activation and hemodynamic responses by driving neurons not only with visual stimulation but also optogenetically. (jneurosci.org)

Human infections with Middle East respiratory syn- MERS-CoV transmission modes, coupled with growing drome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) continue to be re- evidence of the potential role of camels in disease dissemi- ported from the Arabian Peninsula and the Middle East af- nation, made this first trial of a One Health response chal- ter the September 2012 World Health Organization (WHO) lenging. (cdc.gov)
Our team is working hard to distribute leronlimab to multiple clinical sites to initiate therapy in patients with severe COVID-19 disease. (newsweek.com)
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is defined as a ventricular dysfunction initiated by alterations in cardiac energy substrates in the absence of coronary artery disease and hypertension. (hindawi.com)
In a manuscript published in June 2016's Aging and Mechanisms of Disease , the Salk team studied nerve cells altered to produce high levels of amyloid beta to mimic aspects of Alzheimer's disease. (salk.edu)
We are interested in understanding the cellular mechanisms that initiate and shape immune responses, with a particular emphasis on studying the biology and function of unconventional T cells in health and disease. (kcl.ac.uk)
Although several studies have tried to clarify some of the immune mechanisms involved in periodontal disease, more studies must be conducted to understand its development and progression and consequently to discover new alternatives for the prevention and treatment of this severe inflammatory disease. (bvsalud.org)
This chronic inflammatory disease results from the response to bacteria in dental biofilm and may remain confined to the gingival tissues with minimal tissue alterations or this disease may progress to extreme periodontal destruction with the loss of attachment and alveolar bone. (bvsalud.org)
Therefore, this review summarizes some immune mechanisms involved in periodontal disease. (bvsalud.org)
The host response to this infection is an important factor in determining the extent and severity of the disease. (medscape.com)
Immunosuppressive drug therapy and any disease (eg, HIV infection) resulting in suppression of the normal inflammatory and immune mechanisms can cause or enhance severe periodontal diseases. (medscape.com)

We continue to investigate mosquito cellular immune responses by using genetically engineered fluorescent bacteria to study hemocyte migration, adhesion, and pathogen killing efficacy in an organismal context, collecting data in vivo and in real-time, and visualizing the interaction between diverse physiological systems. (vanderbilt.edu)

Abstract This document describes a mechanism to emulate full bidirectional connectivity between all nodes that are directly connected by a unidirectional link. (ietf.org)

Modulatory compounds simultaneously support the final stages of the immune response. (fungi.com)
Simultaneously fibrinolysis is initiated. (medscape.com)

Our findings indicate that innate neuroimmune reactions play a pathogenic role in an undefined proportion of autistic patients, suggesting that future therapies might involve modifying neuroglial responses in the brain. (blogspot.com)

We investigated what might be behind that on a cellular level and postulated that it results from fever's activation of the cellular stress response, in which protective cellular mechanisms that are usually held in reserve are turned on through activation of gene transcription. (eurekalert.org)

University of Washington Medical School professor Shinichiro Komai has identified a brain mechanism that delays the onset of the aging process. (goldsea.com)
Response and remediation - Initiate the incident response process based on the outcome of the triage. (elastic.co)
Several cells are known to initiate the process of plasma cell differentiation and are known collectively as antigen presenting cells (APCs) (Waller & Renwick, 1994). (referat.ru)
The STAC3 protein aids in the process that triggers the release of calcium ions within muscle cells to start (initiate) muscle contraction. (medlineplus.gov)

Conversely, the deletion of these cells may potentiate immune responses. (wikipedia.org)

To resist infection, mosquitoes mount robust innate immune responses within minutes of pathogen exposure. (vanderbilt.edu)
Memory cellsOnce the antigens have been destroyed the plasma cells disappear leaving a few as memory cells which enable a swift response upon second exposure to the antigen (Trounce, 1997). (referat.ru)

This may reveal additional artifacts left in the system, persistence mechanisms, and malware components. (elastic.co)
These results help to reveal the complex mechanisms underpinning fetal PRRS susceptibility. (usda.gov)

2022-2023 is a critical biennium, where the twin goals of eradicating polio and laying the foundation for future sustainability through a smooth and successful plan to strengthen functional and technical integration for essential functions and programmatic areas (immunizations, health emergency preparedness/response, health systems and primary health care) become increasingly interlinked. (who.int)

but noted that the team hasn't yet discovered the signaling mechanism that delays aging of the skeletal muscle. (goldsea.com)
Imai has received many awards and honors in the field of aging research, including the Ellison Medical Foundation Senior Scholar in Aging Award (2008-2012), the Longer Life Foundation Pilot & Feasibility Award (2008-2010), the WUSM 2008 Distinguished Investigator Award, and the Glenn Award for Research in Biological Mechanisms of Aging (2007-2008). (goldsea.com)

By 'consulting' with each other plant hormones determine which defense mechanism they shall set in motion. (sciencedaily.com)
Understanding the inducible volatile signals that cotton plants emit and that trigger defense responses in neighboring plants. (unine.ch)

TLR2 initiates an inflammatory cascade in response to gram-positive bacteria. (cdc.gov)

Mutations in other genes related to malignant hyperthermia activate the RYR1 channel improperly in response to certain drugs. (medlineplus.gov)

The mechanism by which vaccine adjuvants enhance immune responses has historically been considered to be the creation of an antigen depot. (mdpi.com)
Recommendation 1: By the end of 2023, develop a global polio integration and transition vision clarifying the role and positioning of polio transition in relation to other WHO investments in primary health care, vaccine-preventable diseases and emergency response, as well as broader, global polio and polio transition efforts. (who.int)

While every patient is experiencing different comorbidities, we are seeing similar clinical responses, which we believe is a reflection of leronlimab's mechanism of action," he said. (newsweek.com)

The study, published in the online journal Cell, discovered that the hyperinflammatory immune response connected with COVID-19, lead to multi-organ failure and tissue damage in mice. (freerepublic.com)
It serves as a mechanism initiating the elimination of noxious agents and of damaged tissue. (naturalproductsinsider.com)

Menthol's effects in relation to nicotine require TRPM8, the cool temperature sensing ion channel that activates analgesic and counterirritant mechanisms. (bmj.com)
In response to certain signals, DHPR turns on (activates) the RYR1 channel, and the activated RYR1 channel releases calcium ions stored in structures inside muscle cells. (medlineplus.gov)

With the MERS-CoV outbreak as an emerging threat, for Middle East respiratory syndrome and other emerging the public health response included the possible role of zoonotic diseases. (cdc.gov)

Entomopathogenic nematodes from Mexico that can overcome the resistance mechanisms of the western corn rootworm. (unine.ch)

In this sense, it has been shown that TLR2 participated importantly in the mechanism of ROS-induced activation of NF- B and AP-1 [ 24 ]. (hindawi.com)

In some methods, no response at all is needed from the frontend, and so no authentication request occurs. (postgresql.org)
Malignant hyperthermia occurs in response to some anesthetic drugs, which are used to block the sensation of pain, either given alone or in combination with a particular type of muscle relaxant. (medlineplus.gov)

Anxiety is a normal, biological mechanism that keeps your body on high alert in case of danger. (integrativenutrition.com)
It is important to recognize that because of the biological activity of these contaminants, dose-response relationships obtained using technical grade methoxychlor may not be directly applicable to pure methoxychlor. (cdc.gov)

Although the mechanism is unclear, studies show that a shortage of functioning STAC3 protein prevents the release of stored calcium ions by RYR1 channels. (medlineplus.gov)

In an effort to ascertain the location of the mechanism responsible for extending life spans, the Imai study used two types of mice genetically modified to overproduce the Sirt1 protein. (goldsea.com)

The cellular response includes phagocytosis and encapsulation by hemocytes and pericardial cells. (vanderbilt.edu)

This plant response results in an odour that serves as a signal used by parasitic wasps to locate their hosts, whereas several herbivorous insects are repelled by the odour. (unine.ch)
Studies into the mechanisms of the plant response showed that it is greatly enhanced by factors in the oral secretions of herbivorous insects. (unine.ch)

This section organizes the panelists' comments as follows: cancer effects ( Section 3.1 ), noncancer effects ( Section 3.2 ), mechanisms of toxicity ( Section 3.3 ), general comments and interpretations ( Section 3.4 ), and recommended research ( Section 3.5 ). (cdc.gov)
To interpret these results in terms of neurovascular coupling, we recorded neural responses and compared the effects of anesthesia on neural and hemodynamic activity. (jneurosci.org)
The theoretical mechanism for the coagulation and hemostatic effects of rFVIIa are discussed. (medscape.com)

MECHANISM OF SUPPORT This Request for Applications (RFA) will use the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Exploratory Research Grant (R21) mechanism. (nih.gov)
Current research is focused on the mechanisms that regulate SMAD activity to evoke cell-type-specific and context-dependent transcriptional programmes. (nature.com)

Overall, our data support the concept that fetal outcome in response to PRRSV2 infection is determined by both fetal and placental responses and is initiated only after fetal infection. (usda.gov)

A project entitled Studies into Provincial Legislation on Climate Change: a Case Study of Jiangsu Province was initiated to improve provincial legislation on addressing climate change and gain experience for accelerating the passing of national legislation. (china.org.cn)
5 In recent studies in mice, we demonstrated that menthol inhibits the respiratory irritation response to cigarette smoke irritants such as acrolein and to cigarette smoke itself. (bmj.com)

Fetal responses to congenital PRRSV infection are variable within litters, from uninfected fetuses to dead neighbors or those with high viral levels. (usda.gov)

In response to vascular injury, circulating platelets adhere, aggregate, and provide cell surface phospholipids for the assembly of blood clotting enzyme complexes, thrombin activation, and fibrin formation. (medscape.com)

In addition, we employ automated mechanisms to recognize potential intrusions and initiate designated response actions. (transunion.com)
Many of the management response actions are already underway. (who.int)

Once adopted, the revised Regulations are expected to help to improve capacity for early detection of threats to international public health, response and management of these threats through international cooperation and a global partnership, and communications among national institutions and between Member States and the Secretariat. (who.int)
All-hazards reference tool for health professionals who are responsible for initiating the public health response during the first 24 hours (i.e., the acute phase) of an emergency or disaster. (cdc.gov)

Request and response data blocks are sent using the TCP SEND function and received using the TCP RECEIVE function. (rfc-editor.org)
Conclusions Our findings inform the utility of family history data as a risk assessment and screening tool for the prevention of ODHBs and to provide additional insights into shared risk factors and pathogenic mechanisms. (cdc.gov)
The frontend will send a GSSResponse message with the first part of the GSSAPI data stream in response to this. (postgresql.org)
This message contains the response data from the previous step of GSSAPI or SSPI negotiation (AuthenticationGSS, AuthenticationSSPI or a previous AuthenticationGSSContinue). (postgresql.org)
Bier appears not to comprehend the mechanisms by which arrest data flow from local, to state, to federal organizations that collect and analyze it. (cis.org)
Using the incident response data, update logging and audit policies to improve the mean time to detect (MTTD) and the mean time to respond (MTTR). (elastic.co)

Neural activity is often inferred from measurements of blood responses, typically obtained from blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signals acquired in humans with fMRI. (jneurosci.org)

We found that the anti-viral immune response was initiated only after PRRSV reached detectable levels in the fetus when a core set of interferon inducible genes were strongly upregulated in both tissues. (usda.gov)
Results The host immune response was initiated only in fetuses with detectable levels of PRRSV. (usda.gov)

Anatomy39

Organisms22

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs74

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment27

Phenomena and Processes93

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Health Care2

COVID-19 Response Mechanism3

Inflammatory response4

Innate and adaptive immune responses1

National COVID-19 responses2

Cytokines4

Investigator-initiated2

Molecular mechanisms2

Modulate5

Pathogenesis1

Receptor6

Macrophages2

Defence7

Cytokine4

C19RM2

Intracellular1

Pathways1

Mitochondrial3

Underlie2

Systemic2

Ligands1

Interactions2

Inflammation5

Humoral3

Pathogens3

Survival2

Receptors1

Stimulation1

Disease10

Investigate1

Abstract1

Simultaneously2

Therapies1

Protective1

Process4

Conversely1

Exposure2

Reveal2

Emergency Preparedness1

Aging2

Defense2

Cascade1

Activate1

Vaccine2

Clinical1

Tissue2

Activates2

Diseases1

Resistance1

TLR21

Occurs2

Biological2

Unclear1

Protein1

Cellular response1

Insects2

Effects3

Research2

Outcome1

Studies2

Infection1

Activation1

Actions2

Public health response2

Data6

Signals1

Levels2