• The 6S RNA binds to RNA polymerase and regulates transcription, tmRNA has functions in protein synthesis, including the recycling of stalled ribosomes, 4.5S RNA regulates signal recognition particle (SRP), which is required for the secretion of proteins and RNase P is involved in maturing tRNAs. (wikipedia.org)
  • All organisms-bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes-have a transcription initiation factor that contains a structural module that binds within the RNA polymerase (RNAP) active-center cleft and interacts with template-strand single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in the immediate vicinity of the RNAP active center. (osti.gov)
  • a plastid-encoded bacterial-type RNA polymerase (PEP) and a nuclear-encoded phage-type RNA polymerase (NEP), which recognize distinct types of promoters. (frontiersin.org)
  • Kanglemycin A is related to rifampicin, an antibiotic that functions by binding to bacterial RNA polymerase, the enzyme responsible for RNA production, and preventing it from making more RNA," said Murakami. (scienceblog.com)
  • Understanding how kanglemycin A manages to maintain its affinity to rifampicin-resistant RNA polymerase and stay active against the drug-resistant bacteria will help to accelerate its approval for use in patients with tuberculosis. (scienceblog.com)
  • To determine the mechanism of kanglemycin A action against rifampicin-resistant RNA polymerase, the Murakami group used X-ray crystallography to determine the three-dimensional structure of the complex of kanglemycin A bound to bacterial RNA polymerase. (scienceblog.com)
  • It was known that rifampicin binds to a groove in the RNA polymerase molecule and that mutations that change the amino-acid sequence of the RNA polymerase can prevent this binding, while maintaining the ability to produce RNA. (scienceblog.com)
  • Kanglemycin A binds to the same groove, but its structure revealed extensions that also bind just outside the groove allowing it to inhibit activity of rifampicin-resistant RNA polymerase. (scienceblog.com)
  • First, one of the modifications allows it to bind just outside of the rifampicin binding pocket, increasing the strength of its affinity to the RNA polymerase in rifampicin-resistant bacteria. (scienceblog.com)
  • The previously unknown interactions of the unique chemical groups of kanglemycin A with RNA polymerase will direct the development of antibiotics against rifampicin-resistant M. tuberculosis. (scienceblog.com)
  • Inhibitors of bacterial RNA polymerase transcription complex" by Daniel S. Wenholz, Michael Miller et al. (edu.au)
  • A series of hybrid compounds that incorporated anthranilic acid with activated 1H-indoles through a glyoxylamide linker were designed to target bacterial RNA polymerase holoenzyme formation using computational docking. (edu.au)
  • In vitro experiments demonstrate that Zn2+ possesses antiviral activity through inhibition of SARS‑CoV RNA polymerase. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Regulation of gene expression by proteins and small RNAs. (otago.ac.nz)
  • Holmqvist, E. & Vogel, J. RNA-binding proteins in bacteria. (nature.com)
  • RNA codon misreading [formation of toxic, non functional proteins]. (mindmeister.com)
  • RNA-binding proteins contribute to specificity by interacting with both Ccr4-Not and target mRNAs, but this is not fully understood. (elifesciences.org)
  • Following this analysis, Jacob and Monod proposed a series of new concepts, those of messenger RNA, regulator genes, operons and allosteric proteins. (nobelprize.org)
  • Results from this study point to a central role of genes that encode RNA modification proteins in response to low-dose antibiotic stress. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • Specifically, non-coding transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) are the main actors of messenger RNA (mRNA) translation into proteins: rRNAs as important constituents of ribosomes and tRNA delivering the relevant amino acid to the synthesized protein. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • Framycetin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of t-RNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • Carbapenems inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins. (medscape.com)
  • Similarly, not all bacteriophages synthesize lysins: some small single-stranded DNA and RNA phages produce membrane proteins that activate the host's autolytic mechanisms such as autolysins.Lysins are being used as antibacterial agents due to their high effectiveness and specificity in comparison with antibiotics, which are susceptible to bacterial resistance. (definitions.net)
  • Erythromycin targets bacterial ribosomes - the nanomachine responsible for the translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences into protein - thus preventing synthesis of the proteins required for continued growth and survival. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • These types of RNA help assemble protein building blocks (amino acids) into functioning proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Dr. Lybecker merged her research in bacterial pathogenesis and RNA biology as an Associate Professor at the University of Colorado Colorado Springs for seven years. (lymediseaseassociation.org)
  • College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Korea): Use of high-density latex agglutination test for detection of plant viruses Tien Po (Institute of Microbiology, CAS): Plant Virus Satellite RNA and its roles in Plant Virus Disease Control (Temporary) Tang Jiliang (Guanxi Agricultural University): The Pathogenesis of Bacterial Plant Pathogens Fang Rongxiang (Institute of Microbiology, CAS): Molecular Aspects of Rice Virus The plenary lectures may be changed in case. (bio.net)
  • Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine provides a comprehensive review of the biology of these pathogens, their virulence mechanisms, and the host's response to infection. (cshlpress.com)
  • The host specificity of bacterial pathogens and the genetic basis of susceptibility are also considered. (cshlpress.com)
  • Even the bacteria themselves are threatened by pathogens: Certain viruses, the bacteriophages (literally, "bacteria eaters"), have become specialized to invade bacterial cells and proliferate inside of them. (phys.org)
  • Heritable responses to bacterial pathogens in the nematode include avoidance and pathogen-induced diapause (PIDF), a state of suspended animation to evade the pathogen threat. (diagenode.com)
  • Multiresistant bacterial pathogens that are insensitive to virtually all available antibiotics are one of the major public-health challenges of our time. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Many of the more than 30 bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens that are transmissible sexually, including HIV, are transmitted predominantly through sexual intercourse. (who.int)
  • Bacterial sRNAs affect how genes are expressed within bacterial cells via interaction with mRNA or protein, and thus can affect a variety of bacterial functions like metabolism, virulence, environmental stress response, and structure. (wikipedia.org)
  • When a cell needs to make a particular protein, it first copies the instructions from the matching gene into a molecule known as a messenger RNA (or an mRNA for short). (elifesciences.org)
  • In mammals, SRP and its receptor (SR) have many additional RNA features and protein components compared to the bacterial system, which were recently shown to play regulatory roles. (nih.gov)
  • The structures reveal the specific molecular interactions between SRP and the emerging signal sequence and the elements that regulate GTPase activity of SRP·SR. Our results suggest the molecular mechanism of how eukaryote-specific elements regulate the early and late stages of SRP-dependent protein targeting. (nih.gov)
  • Such modifications of the tRNA or rRNA further influence the protein translation rate, fidelity, precision of codon decoding and, therefore, the composition of the bacterial proteome. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • Tetracyclines inhibit protein synthesis and, therefore, bacterial growth by binding with 30S and possibly 50S ribosomal subunits of susceptible bacteria. (medscape.com)
  • Bacteriophages, also simply called phages, insert their genetic material into bacterial cells using a syringe-like apparatus, then hijack the protein-building machinery of their hosts in order to reproduce themselves -- usually killing the bacteria in the process. (sciencedaily.com)
  • According to co-author and phage expert Vivek Mutalik, a staff scientist in Berkeley Lab's Biosciences Area, these findings indicate that the CRISPR system can defend against diverse DNA-based phages by targeting their RNA after it has been converted from DNA by the bacteria's own enzymes prior to protein translation. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Microwave thermal effects change the bacterial protein, make it lose nutrition, reproduction and survival conditions and death. (libranet.com)
  • The contributors describe the mechanisms by which the agents disrupt cell wall assembly and maintenance, membrane synthesis and integrity, DNA and RNA metabolism, protein synthesis, and the folate cycle. (cshlpress.com)
  • It is a fantastic recognition of the work that people in our lab have been doing for many years: first on protein synthesis, antibiotics targeting it and antibiotic resistance mechanisms that counter the antibiotics - and more recently, on bacterial viruses, bacteriophages. (lu.se)
  • Although antibiotics and vaccines control their prevalence to some extent, the emergence of new virulence mechanisms and new forms of resistance to antibacterial agents makes research in this field critical to understanding and controlling infectious diseases. (cshlpress.com)
  • The study " Non-essential tRNA and rRNA modifications impact the bacterial response to sub-MIC antibiotic stress " in microLife looks at new mechanisms of how bacteria adapt to sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • As such, sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics push bacteria to come up with sophisticated mechanisms to tolerate and resist antibiotic attacks. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • On the other hand, tolerance - also associated with antibiotic treatment failure - refers to the extension of the period during which a bacterial population can survive the transient exposure to antibiotics. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine examines the major classes of antibiotics, together with their modes of action and mechanisms of resistance. (cshlpress.com)
  • A better understanding of this mechanism is an important step towards the development of new and more potent antibiotics," Wilson says. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Wilson is convinced that a thorough understanding of such antibiotic-sensing mechanisms will stimulate the development of more effective antibiotics in the future. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • In our approach, oligomers of maltose are functionalized at various positions and used as transporters for antibiotics into the bacterial cell. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
  • Recent advances in high-throughput deep sequencing of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) has enabled researchers to analyse the skin microbiome. (cosmeticsdesign-europe.com)
  • sRNAs are very short transcripts of RNA (usually ~100 base pairs in E. coli ) that are used in bacteria to positively or negatively regulate genes at the translational level by binding to the mRNA of the gene and either occluding the ribosomal binding site (RBS) and preventing ribosome binding or recruiting nucleases to degrade the mRNA. (igem.org)
  • The remaining genes provide instructions for making molecules called transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), which are chemical cousins of DNA. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In attempting to explain their observations, the team believed the increased mRNA expressions of various genes related to skin well-being could explain the mechanism underlying these skin improvements. (cosmeticsdesign-europe.com)
  • Prescribing vancomycin in the absence of a proven or strongly suspected bacterial infection is unlikely to provide benefit to the patient and increases the risk of the development of drug resistant bacteria. (nih.gov)
  • OPTR ) announced today that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Anti-Infective Drugs Advisory Committee (AIDAC) recommended that the FDA approve Optimer's investigational antibiotic DIFICID™ (fidaxomicin) for the treatment of patients with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), a bacterial infection in the lining of the gut that can cause severe diarrhea, colitis and in some cases death. (prnewswire.com)
  • Alternatively, medical professionals could use knowledge of this system to help fight a human bacterial infection. (wun.ac.uk)
  • Everything from cheese and yogurt production to the synthesis of complex pharmaceuticals relies on large-scale bacterial fermentation, which is at risk of bacteriophage infection with expensive consequences-losing the batch. (wun.ac.uk)
  • To further investigate the mechanism of action of BPIFA1 and BPIFB1 during bacterial infection, gene expression was profiled using RNA-Seq in airway epithelial cells stimulated with P. aeruginosa and treated with recombinant BPIFA1 and BPIFB1.Viral infections are now recognized to play an important role in the short and long term health of CF patients. (ubc.ca)
  • To investigate whether CF patients have a dysregulated response to rhinovirus infection, primary airway epithelial cells from CF and healthy control children were infected with rhinovirus and gene expression profiles were assessed by RNA-Seq. (ubc.ca)
  • Conjugation of dyes but also drugs against Gram-negative bacteria is an opportunity to improve the detection and the treatment of bacterial infection. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
  • Improved Zn status may also reduce the risk of bacterial co‑infection by improving mucociliary clearance and barrier function of the respiratory epithelium, as well as direct antibacterial effects against S. pneumoniae. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • More recently, evidence has suggested that bacterial vaginosis, which is not strictly an STD but is related to sexual behavior, also can be linked to increased risk for HIV infection (13). (cdc.gov)
  • The choice of antibiotic agents should be based on the specific organisms associated with sepsis, the sensitivities of the bacterial pathogen, and the prevailing nosocomial infection trends in the nursery. (medscape.com)
  • Sulfamethoxazole inhibits bacterial synthesis of dihydrofolic acid by competing with para-aminobenzoic acid, inhibiting folic acid synthesis. (medscape.com)
  • Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole inhibits bacterial growth by inhibiting the synthesis of dihydrofolic acid. (medscape.com)
  • This results in inhibition of bacterial replication. (medscape.com)
  • A structure activity relationship study identified the key structural components necessary for inhibition of both bacterial growth and transcription. (edu.au)
  • Correlation of in vitro transcription inhibition activity with in vivo mechanism of action was established using fluorescence microscopy and resistance passaging using Gram-positive bacteria showed no resistance development over 30 days. (edu.au)
  • The researchers screened a library of naturally occurring compounds from U.K. biotech company Demuris Ltd. for their ability to inhibit bacterial cell growth or prevent the production of RNA - an essential process in all living organisms - in bacteria. (scienceblog.com)
  • Numerous sRNAs have been identified using both computational analysis and laboratory-based techniques such as Northern blotting, microarrays and RNA-Seq in a number of bacterial species including Escherichia coli, the model pathogen Salmonella, the nitrogen-fixing alphaproteobacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti, marine cyanobacteria, Francisella tularensis (the causative agent of tularaemia), Streptococcus pyogenes, the pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, and the plant pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae. (wikipedia.org)
  • This makes them fantastic as a precision tool when you want to specifically eradicate a bacterial pathogen. (lu.se)
  • CRISPR-Cas is a type of immune defense mechanism that many bacteria and archaea use against phages. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Over millennia, the perpetual evolutionary battle between phage offense and bacterial defense forced phages to specialize. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The scientists were doubly surprised because the phages it defeated in testing all infect using double-stranded DNA, but the CRISPR-Cas13 system only targets and chops single-stranded viral RNA. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Like other types of viruses, some phages have DNA-based genomes and some have RNA-based genomes. (sciencedaily.com)
  • RNA-sequencing, or RNA-seq, is used to analyze expression levels of all transcripts in a genome, including sRNAs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Facile genome manipulation using precision DNA and RNA recognition is transforming biology. (acs.org)
  • I will discuss how bacterial CRISPR adaptive immune systems inspire creation of powerful genome engineering tools, enabling advances in both fundamental biology and applications in medicine and agriculture. (acs.org)
  • Now, Prof. Emmanuelle Charpentier's work group has scoured the genome of several hundred bacterial species in the search of CRISPR-Cas genes - and has made several discoveries. (phys.org)
  • If this kind of enzyme is specifically equipped with new RNA "profiles," it cleaves the cell's genome at precisely defined sites. (phys.org)
  • Doudna was lauded "for revealing the medicine-revolutionizing mechanism of bacterial immunity via RNA-guided genome editing," according to an announcement by the Wolf Foundation. (berkeley.edu)
  • It uses short guide RNA molecules in combination with the bacterial enzyme Cas 9 to alter the genome at specific sites. (labiotech.eu)
  • In the 1960s, the abbreviation sRNA was used to refer to "soluble RNA," which is now known as transfer RNA or tRNA (for an example of the abbreviation used in this sense, see). (wikipedia.org)
  • The first bacterial sRNA was discovered and characterized in 1984. (wikipedia.org)
  • Northern blotting can reveal possible sRNA transcript size and expression levels by running a mixed RNA sample on an agarose gel and probing for a desired sRNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Despite their critical implication in worldwide public healthcare, essential and available resources such as deep transcriptome annotations remain poor, which also limits our understanding of post-transcriptional control small regulatory RNA (sRNA) functions in these bacteria. (frontiersin.org)
  • Santiago-Frangos, A. & Woodson, S. A. Hfq chaperone brings speed dating to bacterial sRNA. (nature.com)
  • Discovery of iron-sensing bacterial riboswitches. (ncbs.res.in)
  • A better understanding of how these species cause disease and spread antibiotic resistance requires a knowledge of how its genes are controlled, on both the DNA and the RNA level. (frontiersin.org)
  • This can lead to the development and selection of resistance, although the molecular mechanisms behind this adaptation are not always well understood. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • Resistance designates the ability of a bacterial cell to withstand and grow during antibiotic treatment. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • Yet, characterizing the bacterial responses to such stress and its impact on resistance and tolerance needs to be comprehensively clarified. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • High-resolution cryo-electron microscopy has now revealed in unprecedented detail the structural changes in the bacterial ribosome which results in resistance to the antibiotic erythromycin. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Bacterial sRNAs have a wide variety of regulatory mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1958 the remarkable analogy revealed by genetic analysis of lysogeny and that of the induced biosynthesis of ß-galactosidase led François Jacob, with Jacques Monod , to study the mechanisms responsible for the transfer of genetic information as well as the regulatory pathways which, in the bacterial cell, adjust the activity and synthesis of macromolecules. (nobelprize.org)
  • He first studied the properties of lysogenic bacteria and demonstrated their «immunity», i.e. the existence of a mechanism inhibiting the activity of genes in the prophage as in infective particles of the same type. (nobelprize.org)
  • Krzysztof Chylinski, Anaïs Le Rhun, Emmanuelle Charpentier, The tracrRNA and Cas9 families of type II CRISPR-Cas immunity systems, RNA Biology , 2013. (phys.org)
  • The work of François Jacob has dealt mainly with the genetic mechanisms existing in bacteria and bacteriophages, and with the biochemical effects of mutations. (nobelprize.org)
  • Type I toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are widespread genetic modules in bacterial genomes. (mdpi.com)
  • We hypothesized that double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting the Zika virus ( ZIKV ) or chikungunya virus (CHIKV) genomes produced by engineered bacterial symbionts could trigger an antiviral response. (bvsalud.org)
  • The mechanism of action of daptomycin is distinct from that of any other antibiotic. (globalrph.com)
  • Most studies focus on the bacterial response to lethal antibiotic concentrations, yet bacteria often encounter lower antibiotic doses that still allow their growth. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • On the #FEMSmicroBlog, Louna Fruchard talks about a new link between non-coding RNAs and antibiotic tolerance. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • The study " Non-essential tRNA and rRNA modifications impact the bacterial response to sub-MIC antibiotic stress " in microLife aims at uncovering new genes involved in survival and growth under non-lethal antibiotic concentrations. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • Furthermore, the fitness defect or advantage conferred by the RNA modification appears to be antibiotic-specific. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • Modifying tRNA or rRNA in response to antibiotic stress changes the bacterial proteome and helps them cope with the antibiotic attack. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • These results thus suggest that bacteria can alter their RNA modification profiles according to antibiotic pressure. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • Taken together, this study highlights the existence of an epigenetic or epitranscriptomic control of the bacterial response to antibiotic stress at the RNA level. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • The new analyses revealed that the ErmCL leader peptide employs quite a different mechanism to signal the presence of the antibiotic. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • The small RNA ryfA has been found to affect the stress response of uropathogenic E.coli, under osmotic and oxidative stress. (wikipedia.org)
  • Understanding the underlying chemical mechanisms of RNA-guided DNA and RNA cleavage provides a foundation for both conceptual advances and technology development. (acs.org)
  • Molecular mechanisms by which bacteria adapt to environmental change. (otago.ac.nz)
  • Macleod, K.F. Autophagy: cellular and molecular mechanisms. (benthamscience.com)
  • Chloroplast biogenesis and function is essential for proper plant embryo and seed development but the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of plastids during embryogenesis are poorly understood. (frontiersin.org)
  • Her research is focused on non-coding RNA-dependent molecular mechanisms of gene regulation at the bacteria/host interfaces and research and development of molecular diagnostics for Lyme disease. (lymediseaseassociation.org)
  • The PEP enzyme recognizes the -10 and -35 cis -elements, similar to those found in bacterial promoters whereas the NEP enzyme recognizes the YRTA-motif, which can also be found upstream of several genes with PEP promoters indicating that these genes can be transcribed by both polymerases ( Pfannschmidt and Liere, 2005 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Together, the enzyme and the profile RNA constitute the CRISPR-Cas system. (phys.org)
  • This comprehensive global TSS mapping atlas provides a valuable resource for RNA biology and gene expression analysis in the Enterococci. (frontiersin.org)
  • In research published in the high-impact journal Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Andrew MacMillan and co-workers in his lab have described the first step of the immune response of bacterial cells. (wun.ac.uk)
  • The roles and mechanisms of sRNAs in bacteria currently comprise a very prominent topic in the field of biology, and many sRNAs have been extensively studied and characterized. (igem.org)
  • She transitioned to studying RNA biology and biochemistry in her postdoctoral researcher in the VIPS program at Max F. Perutz Laboratories in Vienna Austria. (lymediseaseassociation.org)
  • They discovered that a compound named kanglemycin A was effective at inhibiting RNA production even in rifampicin-resistant bacteria. (scienceblog.com)
  • However, several studies indicate that treating other STDs (e.g., genital herpes infections and trichomoniasis) and genital tract syndromes related to sex (e.g., bacterial vaginosis) also can help prevent HIV transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • Viral infections, such as herpes and fungal infections, can masquerade as bacterial infections. (medscape.com)
  • they are 50- to 500-nucleotide non-coding RNA molecules, highly structured and containing several stem-loops. (wikipedia.org)
  • Microarray and qPCR gene expression analysis implicated rs1078761 G as being associated with reduced BPIFA1 and BPIFB1 gene expression, suggesting that decreased levels of these genes are detrimental in CF.Functional assays to characterize the role of BPIFA1 and BPIFB1 in CF indicated that these molecules do not have an anti-bacterial role against P. aeruginosa, but do have an immunomodulatory function in CF airway epithelial cells. (ubc.ca)
  • MICR 335 will provide a fundamental knowledge of the mechanisms that bacteria use to sense their environment and adapt their gene expression to optimise their growth and survival. (otago.ac.nz)
  • We are starting at the beginning because we want to understand how this works and how we can use this to basically control bacterial growth," said Matt Schellenberg, a post-doctoral fellow in the MacMillan lab in the Department of Biochemistry in the Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry. (wun.ac.uk)
  • The study found that some of these genes involved in RNA modification appear to be beneficial for bacterial growth in sub-MICs. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • Fluoroquinolones inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis and, consequently, growth by inhibiting DNA gyrase and topoisomerases, which are required for replication, transcription, and translation of genetic material. (medscape.com)
  • Microwave electromagnetic field can make normal growth and stability of the genetic breeding of bacteria nucleic acid [RNA] and deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA] number of hydrogen bonds slack, breakage and recombination, thereby inducing genetic mutations, chromosomal aberrations and even rupture. (libranet.com)
  • Other chapters are devoted to the pathogenic mechanisms of specific bacterial species (e.g. (cshlpress.com)
  • We were able to identify new CRISPR-Cas genes in a number of bacterial species," says Charpentier, an HZI researcher who also teaches at Hannover Medical School (MHH). (phys.org)
  • Simple logic gates, such as AND, OR, NAND, and NOR gates, have been successfully created in bacteria, but more complex logic circuits are still waiting to be designed and implemented into bacterial species. (igem.org)
  • Hiding in Plain Sight: Mining Bacterial Species Records for Phenotypic Trait Information. (cdc.gov)
  • The compounds that are found in some spices and produced by herbs act as self-defense mechanisms to protect the plant against infectious organisms [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is effective against many aerobic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, but its use in bacterial meningitis is limited to patients with Listeria monocytogenes meningitis who have a penicillin allergy. (medscape.com)
  • Sugar conjugates - exploring active transport mechanisms into Gram-negative bacteria. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
  • A CRISPR-Cas system consists of short snippets of RNA that are complementary to sequences in phage genes, allowing the microbe to recognize when invasive genetic material has been inserted, and scissor-like enzymes that neutralize the phage genes by cutting them into harmless pieces, after being guided into place by the RNA. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This study examines the limitations of oral RNA interference ( RNAi ) as a strategy to disrupt viral transmission by Ae. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mosquitoes mono-colonized with Escherichia coli producing dsZIK or dsCHIK did not display reduced viral titers following exposure to virus -contaminated bloodmeals and failed to generate dsZIK- or dsCHIK-derived small interfering RNAs. (bvsalud.org)
  • Using sRNAs in our bacterial decoder will help us achieve on/off behavior rather than intermediate levels of outputs, since sRNAs do little at low concentrations but demonstrate strong regulation at high concentrations. (igem.org)
  • They did this with great success: About one third of all typical "common colds" and some cases of diarrhoea as well are caused by these RNA Viruses, which are the largest of their kind. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
  • However, all known viruses use RNA to express their genes. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Cell-wall-containing Archaea are also lysed by specialized pseudomurein-cleaving lysins, while most archaeal viruses employ alternative mechanisms. (definitions.net)
  • However, this transcription initiation-factor structural module occupies the path of nascent RNA and thus presumably must be displaced before or during initial transcription. (osti.gov)
  • In this paper, we report four sets of crystal structures of bacterial initially transcribing complexes that demonstrate and define details of stepwise, RNA-extension-driven displacement of the "σ-finger" of the bacterial transcription initiation factor σ. (osti.gov)
  • With your donation you can support them in developing drugs and vaccines against the virus or in deciphering the mechanisms of disease development and progression. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
  • Additionally, it seems that the resulting variations in translation and codon recognition could be critical factors in the bacterial stress response. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • Structural mechanism of plant aquaporin gating. (lu.se)
  • Scientists had previously found that a bacterial virus, called a bacteriophage, attacks a bacterial cell by injecting its DNA in to the cell. (wun.ac.uk)
  • This study led to a definition of the mechanism of bacterial conjugation, and also enabled an analysis of the genetic apparatus of the bacterial cell. (nobelprize.org)
  • Since then, he has devoted his attention to the genetic analysis of the mechanisms of cell division. (nobelprize.org)
  • Lysins are highly evolved enzymes that are able to target one of the five bonds in peptidoglycan (murein), the main component of bacterial cell walls, which allows the release of progeny virions from the lysed cell. (definitions.net)
  • Following a so-called Trojan horse strategy, a bio-ligand or targeting moiety such as a sugar-residue or an iron-complex is recognized by bacterial transporters and actively translocated into the cell. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
  • We discuss the possible underlying mechanisms of action of these drugs and their potential limitations as therapeutic agents against neurological disorders. (benthamscience.com)
  • To address potential limitations of bacterial dsRNA release, we explored dsRNA inoculation via feeding and injection . (bvsalud.org)
  • Carrier, M.-C., Lalaouna, D. & Massé, E. Broadening the definition of bacterial small RNAs: characteristics and mechanisms of action. (nature.com)
  • Some of these behaviors induced by bacteria can be inherited although the mechanisms of action are largely unexplored. (diagenode.com)
  • Discovery of ANTAR-RNAs and their Mechanism of Action in Mycobacteria. (ncbs.res.in)
  • Since there are other signal peptides apart from the ErmBL leader, we were interested in finding out whether they make use of this same mechanism or have different modes of action," Wilson explains. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • that has a unique mechanism of action. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This copy, a kind of " molecular profile " of bacteriophage DNA and other foreign genetic material , exists as RNA, an important cellular building block, which is used, among other things, as a temporary storage site of genetic information . (phys.org)
  • Diversity and prevalence of ANTAR RNAs across actinobacteria. (ncbs.res.in)
  • Bacterial illnesses such as tuberculosis, pneumonia, typhoid fever, meningitis, and dysentery are some of the most devastating worldwide. (cshlpress.com)
  • Chloramphenicol has been shown to be effective in the treatment of highly resistant bacterial meningitis. (medscape.com)
  • According to MacMillan they used a technique called X-ray crystallography to produce high-resolution pictures of a key step in the bacteria's immune response-the production of the targeting RNAs. (wun.ac.uk)
  • He then moved to the Tokyo Institute of Technology in Japan as a postdoctoral researcher to investigate the mechanisms of recombinational DNA repair through biochemical and genetic approaches (2016-2021). (imperial.ac.uk)