ParticlesStratospheric aerosolAtmosphericOrganicInorganicPollutionParticulateRadiativeBeijingProcessesPrecursorsOxidationClimateTitan'sClouds2022Sulfate formationAbstractMethaneMeasurementsNitratePhotochemicalEmissionsWangImpactsDiffuseGlobalCLOUDTypicallyChinaMassSurfaceScientistsEffectScienceRemain
Particles21
- Our investigations demonstrate that the increased inorganic fraction in the aerosol particles is a key component in the frequently occurring haze days during studying period, and particularly the reduction of nitrate, sulfate and their precursor gases would contribute towards better air quality in China. (dissem.in)
- On Sep 30, 2021, Nature Chemistry published a paper titled "Oxidation of sulfur dioxide by nitrogen dioxide accelerated at the interface of deliquesced aerosol particles" by associate Professor Tengyu Liu. (nju.edu.cn)
- R esults indicate that SO 2 oxidation by NO 2 in aerosol particles may be an important source of sulfate aerosol under polluted haze conditions. (nju.edu.cn)
- SO 2 oxidation by NO 2 in aerosol particles has been previously proposed to drive sulfate formation during haze events, but the aerosol pH values are required to be ~ 6 or higher for this chemistry to be environmentally important when literature values for the kinetics are used. (nju.edu.cn)
- T he authors study the oxidation of SO 2 by NO 2 in atmospherically relevant NH 3 -buffered deliquesced aerosol particles in an environmental chamber. (nju.edu.cn)
- An interfacial reaction at the surface of aerosol particles probably drives the very fast kinetics. (nju.edu.cn)
- These fine particles suspended in the air are responsible for severe haze and hence millions of air pollution related deaths worldwide. (helsinki.fi)
- A large part of urban aerosols are formed from gas molecules, which stick together and form small solid or liquid particles. (helsinki.fi)
- Together with ammonia, these two gases combined and could grow the aerosol particles at an unprecedented speed. (helsinki.fi)
- This fast growth of aerosol particles could explain the occurrence of winter haze in metropolitan areas such as Beijing or Moscow. (helsinki.fi)
- Sea salt particles dominate aerosol mass concentration, but their production mechanisms and impact on Arctic climate have remained unclear. (wustl.edu)
- However, our study reveals that local blowing snow, which produces sea salt particles, contributes a more substantial fraction to the total aerosol population in the central Arctic. (wustl.edu)
- Sea salt particles in the Arctic atmosphere aren't surprising, since there are ocean waves breaking that will generate sea salt aerosols. (wustl.edu)
- Small aerosol particles, including those fine sea salt aerosols produced by blowing snow that Wang's team discovered, turn out to be very good for cloud formation. (wustl.edu)
- With this observational confirmation and systematic study, which revealed that sea salt particles produced from blowing snow account for about 30% of total aerosol particles, climate models can now be updated to include the effects of these fine particles. (wustl.edu)
- Reducing pollution from aerosol particles would improve air quality. (phys.org)
- The extent to which aerosol particles affect the climate depends on how much water the particles can hold in the atmosphere. (phys.org)
- However, gravity is an inefficient removal mechanism for particles smaller than 1 Ī¼ m. (hindawi.com)
- Fiber bed mist eliminators capture, collect, and remove liquid particle mists, sub-micron particles and harmful aerosols that cause pollution in the atmosphere. (kimre.com)
- Ammonia (NH3) is a key precursor of haze particles and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its spatiotemporal variabilities are poorly constrained. (noaa.gov)
- The Stratospheric Controlled Perturbation Experiment (SCoPEx) is a stratospheric aerosol injection project that would spray water, finely-ground chalk, and sulfur particles from a high-altitude balloon into the upper atmosphere to produce a haze aimed at blocking the sun. (climatejusticealliance.org)
Stratospheric aerosol1
- We evaluate our interactive representation of the stratospheric sulfur cycle against data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer, Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer, High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder, and Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II. (noaa.gov)
Atmospheric8
- Our finding challenges the current understanding of the formation mechanism of atmospheric secondary organic aerosol and demonstrates a strong impact of particle-phase chemistry on the fate and climate effect of soot and combustion-related organic aerosols (e.g., from wildfires and fossil fuel combustions). (mpic.de)
- These processes controlled aerosol transport/dispersion processes and can modify atmospheric stability and PBL height. (aaqr.org)
- An online-coupled unified air quality forecasting model system, which is being developed, is presented and needed are improvements in the parameterization of stable atmospheric boundary layer, new particle formation and subsequent growth processes, formation of secondary organic and inorganic aerosols, pollutant source apportionment technology, an adaptive gridding air quality model, and optimization of initial conditions and dynamic retrieval of pollutant emissions in an online-coupled unified air quality forecasting model. (adearth.ac.cn)
- As part of the urban atmospheric cocktail, they also influence the formation of aerosols. (helsinki.fi)
- Altogether, the CLOUD team, with a large contribution from the University of Helsinki , has demonstrated that tailpipe emissions can alter atmospheric chemistry and impact the aerosol formation mechanisms in cities. (helsinki.fi)
- Atmospheric scientists led by Jian Wang , director of the Center for Aerosol Science and Engineering and a professor of energy, environmental and chemical engineering at the McKelvey School of Engineering at Washington University in St. Louis, investigated the production and impact of sea salt aerosols on Arctic warming. (wustl.edu)
- The atmospheric component of the GFDL Earth System Model (ESM4.1) uses a bulk aerosol scheme and previously prescribed the distribution of aerosol optical properties in the stratosphere. (noaa.gov)
- His work has focused primarily on fundamental and applied research in environmental catalysis and heterogeneous atmospheric chemistry, with a series of achievements in areas of diesel emission control technologies, catalytic indoor air purification, and haze formation mechanisms. (tsi.com)
Organic4
- Scattering aerosols such as sulfate and organic carbon promote photosynthesis while absorbing aerosols such as black carbon have negative impacts. (copernicus.org)
- Organic aerosol (OA) is a major component of fine particulate matter in the atmosphere and strongly influences air quality, climate, and human health. (mpic.de)
- A fine haze produced by sunlight breaking apart methane molecules settles continuously to the surface, leaving organic liquid and solid sediments. (centauri-dreams.org)
- Over the past century, the major primary pollutants in cities have been SO 2 , NO x (NO and NO 2 ), CO, VOCs (volatile organic compounds such as alkanes, alkenes and ethers) and primary aerosols. (rsc.org)
Inorganic3
- Typically higher inorganic mass fractions lead to increased aerosol water uptake and light scattering ability in elevated relative humidity. (dissem.in)
- Our in-situ measurement of aerosol chemical composition in Beijing also confirmed increased contribution of inorganic aerosol fraction as a function of increased particle pollution level. (dissem.in)
- He, Kebin 2021-05-30 00:00:00 Formation of secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) was investigated during a six-month long heating season in Harbin, China. (sagepub.com)
Pollution7
- The impact of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) structure on the vertical distribution of aerosols in Northeast China, which experiences air pollution frequently in autumn and winter, is not well understood. (aaqr.org)
- These results have important implications for understanding the vertical distribution of aerosols, and the crucial roles that PBL structures play in modulating aerosol pollution in Shenyang. (aaqr.org)
- Urban heat islands in China enhanced by haze pollution[J]. Nature Communications, 2016, 7:12509. (kjdb.org)
- Effect of heavy haze and aerosol pollution on rice and wheat productions in China[J]. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6:29612. (kjdb.org)
- This pollution can take form as opacity, smoke, and blue haze. (kimre.com)
- Everything from water, to food to energy will be produced at facilities that are surely going to need to invest in expensive pollution control mechanisms. (kimre.com)
- It is of great significance to clarify the formation mechanism of PM 2.5 and O 3 pollution. (hjkxyj.org.cn)
Particulate2
- We show that previously proposed Cl 2 production mechanisms cannot account for the large Cl 2 daytime source at this site and this source positively correlates with solar radiation, particulate nitrate, and particulate surface area. (nature.com)
- Normal clouds, on the other hand, require higher moisture levels and a particulate, or aerosol base, from which to develop. (documentaryheaven.com)
Radiative1
Beijing2
- Integration of field observation and air quality modeling to characterize Beijing aerosol in different seasons. (sagepub.com)
- APEC blue':Secondary aerosol reductions from emission controls in Beijing[J]. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6:20668. (kjdb.org)
Processes3
- When they injected nitrogen oxides into the chamber they found two competing processes in aerosol formation, which they have recently published in Nature and Science Advances . (helsinki.fi)
- Research is focused on studying synergetic aerosol chemistry, physics and cloud processes. (universityofgalway.ie)
- To assess the key processes associated with volcanic aerosols, we performed a sensitivity analysis of sulfate burden from the Mt. Pinatubo eruption by varying injection heights, emission amount, and stratospheric sulfate's dry effective radius. (noaa.gov)
Precursors2
- Satellite observation of aerosol precursors of NO 2 and SO 2 showed increased concentrations during study period. (dissem.in)
- Driven by explicit volcanic emissions of aerosol precursors and non-volcanic sources, we conduct ESM4.1 simulations from 1989 to 2014, with a focus on the Mt. Pinatubo eruption. (noaa.gov)
Oxidation1
- The sunlight initiates a chain of oxidation for those molecules, which then are also very efficient in growing small aerosols. (helsinki.fi)
Climate7
- Is the climate warming of black carbon (BC) significantly enhanced when it is coated by other aerosol components? (mpic.de)
- Data collected by the MOSAiC expedition to the central Arctic (shown), and analyzed by McKelvey School of Engineering researchers, revealed blowing snow as a previously unaccounted-for source of sea salt aerosols, impacting Arctic climate models. (wustl.edu)
- Though scientists had not observed this phenomenon before, fine sea salt aerosols from blowing snow have always been part of the Arctic climate system. (wustl.edu)
- Blowing snow happens regardless of human warming, but we need to include it in our models to better reproduce the current aerosol populations in the Arctic and to project future Arctic aerosol and climate conditions. (wustl.edu)
- Jurgita is responsible for the Aerosol Mass Spectrometry measurements at Mace Head and her main area of expertise is in the application of aerosol mass spectrometry techniques to elucidating the production, nature, dispersion and impacts of aerosol on climate and air quality. (universityofgalway.ie)
- Global climate forcing of aerosols embodied in international trade[J]. Nature Geoscience, 2016, 9:790-794. (kjdb.org)
- To quantify volcanic contributions to the stratospheric sulfur cycle and the resulting climate impact, we modified ESM4.1 to simulate stratospheric sulfate aerosols prognostically. (noaa.gov)
Titan's2
- Hardening of Titan's aerosols by their charging. (astrochymist.org)
- A model of Titan's haze of fractal aerosols constrained by multiple observations. (astrochymist.org)
Clouds3
- It will map the atmosphere of Saturn in three dimensions to determine temperature and pressure profiles with altitude, gas composition, and the distribution of aerosols and clouds. (esa.int)
- The MOSAiC expedition let us observe how aerosols and clouds evolve over the course of a year and led to this discovery," Wang said. (wustl.edu)
- This mechanism is similar to the formation ofcirrus uncinus clouds. (documentaryheaven.com)
20221
- Formation Mechanism and Management Strategy of Cooperative Control of PM2.5 and O3[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2022, 35(3): 611-620. (hjkxyj.org.cn)
Sulfate formation1
- Persistent sulfate formation from London fog to Chinese haze[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2016, 113(48):13630-13635. (kjdb.org)
Abstract1
- article{Wang2018, abstract = {The detailed formation mechanism of increased number of haze events in China is still not very clear. (dissem.in)
Methane1
Measurements1
- 2019), ATom: L2 Measurements from CU High-Resolution Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-AMS) , Ornl Daac , doi:10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1716. (nasa.gov)
Nitrate2
- Given the ubiquitous existence of chloride, nitrate, and acidic aerosols, we propose that nitrate photolysis is a significant daytime chlorine source globally. (nature.com)
- We propose that nitrate photolysis at high aerosol acidity is an important pathway for activating inert chloride to produce photoliable Cl 2 during daytime in the polluted troposphere. (nature.com)
Photochemical1
- However, the underlying photochemical mechanisms remain uncertain. (nature.com)
Emissions1
- City dwellers have long had to contend with smog-that ugly haze that hangs over urban areas-as a result of emissions-producing human activities as diverse as manufacturing, mowing the lawn, driving cars, and even cooking. (phys.org)
Wang1
Impacts1
- In this study, we found that the aerosol impacts are quite different for varied species. (copernicus.org)
Diffuse2
- Aerosols enhance plant photosynthesis by increasing diffuse radiation. (copernicus.org)
- Thereafter, dust haze appeared uniform and diffuse, and decay appeared to have set in. (wiley.com)
Global2
- The Arctic warms nearly four times faster than the global average, and aerosols play an important role in that warming. (wustl.edu)
- The experiment contravenes the UN Convention on Biodiversity, which in 2010, established a moratorium on geoengineering activities until "a global, transparent and effective control and regulatory mechanismsā¦ in accordance with the precautionary approach can be put in place. (climatejusticealliance.org)
CLOUD1
Typically1
- Aerosols typically decreased with increases in height and were mostly distributed below 400 m at night and reached higher altitudes (~800 m) in the daytime due to convective turbulence. (aaqr.org)
China2
Mass1
- We find that the simulated stratospheric sulfate mass burden and aerosol optical depth in the model are sensitive to these parameters, especially volcanic SO2 injection height, and the optimal combination of parameters depends on the metric we evaluate. (noaa.gov)
Surface5
- LLJs and convective turbulence affected aerosol transport and surface air quality. (aaqr.org)
- After sunrise, these aerosols were mixed uniformly in the PBL (the depth increasing from 200 m to more than 1 km), subsequently affecting surface air quality. (aaqr.org)
- Near-barrierless ammonium bisulfate formation via a loop-structure promoted proton-transfer mechanism on the surface of water[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2016, 138(6):1816-1819. (kjdb.org)
- Surface Coverage Effects on the Formation of Molecular Hydrogen on a Graphite Surface via an Eley-Rideal Mechanism. (astrochymist.org)
- In 2008, a team led by Mike Edmunds and Tony Freeth at Cardiff University used modern computer x-ray tomography and high resolution surface scanning to image inside fragments of the crust-encased Mechanism and read the faintest inscriptions that once covered the outer casing of the machine. (blogspot.com)
Scientists2
- Over the past few decades, scientists have identified 'Arctic haze' as the primary source of aerosols in the Arctic during winter and spring. (wustl.edu)
- Scientists have long struggled to solve the puzzle of the gearing system on the front of the so-called Antikythera mechanism -a fragmentary ancient Greek astronomical calculator, perhaps the earliest example of a geared device. (blogspot.com)
Effect1
- Your body needs dozens of different nutrients to survive and thrive, and every nutrient that has a nourishing effect on your body works together with other nutrients and your body's self healing mechanisms to keep you well. (drbenkim.com)
Science2
- Unexpected benefits of reducing aerosol cooling effects[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2016, 50(14):7527-7534. (kjdb.org)
- Each year, organizers, led by Dr. David Pui, the L. M. Fingerson/TSI endowed chair holder in Mechanical Engineering, invite a distinguished scientist in a relevant field of aerosol science to present a graduate-level seminar on their area of expertise. (tsi.com)
Remain1
- Beyond aerosol pH, the fundamental mechanisms and kinetics remain to be elucidated for this process. (nju.edu.cn)