• They regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and control thereby cellular mechanisms including developmental transitions, organ morphology, apoptosis and cell proliferation. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Activation of the p53 tumor suppressor upon DNA damage elicits either cell cycle arrest or apoptosis, and the precise mechanism governing cell fate after p53 response has not been well defined. (figshare.com)
  • Although RPS27L mRNA levels were consistently induced after diverse p53 activating signals, its change in protein level was stimuli-dependent: it was up-regulated when cells were arrested in response to DNA-damaging agents Adriamycin or VP16 but was down-regulated when cells underwent apoptosis in response to antimetabolite agent 5-fluorouracil. (figshare.com)
  • Through this mechanism, RPS27L induction by p53 facilitates p21-mediated cell cycle arrest and protects against DNA damage-induced apoptosis. (figshare.com)
  • Calcitriol elicits anti-tumor effects mainly through the induction of cancer cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, differentiation, angiogenesis and the inhibition of cell invasiveness by a number of mechanisms. (jcancer.org)
  • The protein products of tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, and tells when to undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death). (doctorlib.info)
  • It has been recently shown to induce apoptosis in several cell lines through a not well known mechanism. (e-cep.org)
  • These characteristics are caused by altered gene expression, as a result of genetic mutations that inactivate tumour suppressor genes and / or activate oncogenes. (savedelicious.com)
  • Some miRNAs modulate expression of known oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes whereas others function as so called onco-miRs or tumour-suppressor-miRs. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • The present invention relates to methods, kits and systems for predicting the benefit from inclusion of taxane in a chemotherapy regimen based on the measurements of gene expression levels in tumor samples of breast cancer patients. (justia.com)
  • More over, since most tumor specimens Decitabine Antimetabolites inhibitor and tumor derived cell lines utilized in these investigations have now been ovarian SACs, the position of mTOR in CCC remains largely as yet not known. (deubiquitinase.com)
  • In addition, hydroxytyrosol is able to regulate the expression of other genes involved in the regulation of tumor cell proliferation, such as extracellular signal-regulated and cyclin-dependent kinases. (blogspot.com)
  • The two main types of genes that are now recognized as playing a role in cancer are oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. (doctorlib.info)
  • P53 is a tumor suppressor gene that codes for a transcription factor that regulates the expression of other genes and arrests the cell cycle. (doctorlib.info)
  • it inhibits transcription for genes that encode IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, GM-CSF, and TNF-alpha (all involved in early T-cell activation). (medscape.com)
  • It leads to decreased expression of IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, and TNFα, and it inhibits mast cell and neutrophil activation. (medscape.com)
  • Such agents are commonly classified according to the respective mechanisms of action, such as calcineurin inhibitors (cyclosporin A, tacrolimus), inhibitors of purine synthesis (mycophenolate mofetil/mycophenolic acid and azathioprine), mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitors (sirolimus and everolimus), and biologic drugs (belatacept). (ectrx.org)
  • 6,7 Inosine triphosphate pyrophosphates (ITPases) represent a ubiquitous group of protective enzymes encoded by the ITPA gene and function to prevent the incorporation of noncanonical (so-called rogue) purine nucleotides into DNA and RNA. (ectrx.org)
  • Defining the GR-cistrome identified Gc regulation of motility genes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The heterodimer binds to vitamin D response element in target genes and leads to gene transcription regulation ( 1 ). (jcancer.org)
  • In addition, calcitriol has rapid effects that are independent of gene transcription regulation, which are defined as non-genomic effects and not mediated directly through steroid receptor-ligand-DNA interaction. (jcancer.org)
  • On the other hand, non-genomic actions may indirectly affect gene transcription via the regulation of intracellular signaling pathways that target transcription factors ( 3 ). (jcancer.org)
  • However, cancer cells can become multidrug resistant, a phenomenon due to cells expressing mechanisms that cause simultaneous resistance to many different, structurally and functionally, unrelated drugs [6]. (savedelicious.com)
  • Multidrug resistance, generally, results from over expression of ATP-dependent efflux pumps [5]. (savedelicious.com)
  • Also the main mechanism of resistance to these drugs will be explored, particularly focusing on the role of P-glycoprotein and how it can be modulated to reverse drug resistance. (savedelicious.com)
  • For chemotherapy drugs, one of the best characterized resistance mechanisms is overexpression of MDR1 , a cell membrane transporter that causes efflux of certain drugs (eg, vinca alkaloids, taxanes, anthracyclines). (msdmanuals.com)
  • More commonly, multidrug regimens incorporating drugs with different mechanisms of action and different toxicities are used to increase efficacy, reduce dose-related toxicity, and decrease the probability of drug resistance. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Intrinsic and acquired resistance to CNDAC and related nucleoside analogues are driven by different mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lack of sequence information makes harnessing the diversity of disease resistance (R) genes in wild crops highly challenging. (plantae.org)
  • report AgRenSeq, a reference genome-free technique, for rapid cloning of nucleotide binding/Leucine-rich repeat (NLR) resistance genes from wild crops. (plantae.org)
  • Moreover, the identification of fork protection as a key mechanism of resistance to chemo- and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor therapy in ovarian cancer further increases the priority that should be accorded to the development of strategies targeting replicative stress. (bmj.com)
  • In the same cytoplasmic environment, and following egg activation and DNA replication, the gene for DNA-ligase I introduced by the male pronucleus is unable to direct any production of the corresponding enzyme. (silverchair.com)
  • Inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase is an enzyme encoded by the ITPA gene. (ectrx.org)
  • However, this expression depends on a preliminary DNA replication that occurs normally between 21 h and 31 h following activation at 18°C. Thus, the gene for DNA-ligase I is overtly expressed at the 1-cell stage. (silverchair.com)
  • Maintaining genomic integrity is of utmost importance to eukaryotic cells, which have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to ensure speed, accuracy, and an adequate pool of nucleotide and replication factors as well as high-fidelity repair pathways to correct errors occurring during DNA replication. (bmj.com)
  • 16 mutations in the SAMHD1 gene have been identified in patients with Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
  • First, mutations in the SAMHD1 gene can prevent SAMHD1 mRNA generation or a functional protein after translations. (wikipedia.org)
  • or mutations in various genes. (savedelicious.com)
  • Its mechanism of action involves the inhibition of various enzymes and signaling pathways, leading to the modulation of cell function and signal transduction. (thebiotek.com)
  • Finally, we determined that knockdown of LIPT1 gene expression inhibited proliferation and invasion of hepatoma cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • GR signaling controls genes required for differentiation of a subset of proliferative mesenchymal progenitors into matrix fibroblasts, in turn, regulating signals controlling AT2/AT1 progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation and identifying cells and processes by which glucocorticoid signaling regulates fetal lung maturation. (stanford.edu)
  • These genes are deleted or inactivated in cancer cells, allowing unregulated proliferation. (doctorlib.info)
  • Numerous pathophysiogenetic mechanisms have been suggested such as venous dysplasia of the emissary veins in the intracranial circulation, neural crest alterations leading to alterations of autonomic perivascular nerves, mutation of the GNAO gene in the Sturge-Weber syndrome, PIK3CA mutation in malformative/overgrowth syndromes such as the Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, and the twin-spotting phenomenon in phakomatosis pigmentovascularis. (hindawi.com)
  • While antenatal glucocorticoids are widely used to enhance lung function in preterm infants, cellular and molecular mechanisms by which glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling influences lung maturation remain poorly understood. (stanford.edu)
  • We integrated genome-wide gene expression profiling, ATAC-seq, and single cell RNA-seq data in mice in which GR was deleted or activated to identify the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which glucocorticoids control prenatal lung maturation. (stanford.edu)
  • Here, we review alveolar renewal and repair with a focus on the niches, rather than the stem cells, highlighting what is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which they control stem cell activity in vivo. (stanford.edu)
  • JAK signaling involves recruitment of STATs (signal transducers and activators of transcription) to cytokine receptors, activation, and subsequent localization of STATs to the nucleus leading to modulation of gene expression. (marathaheadlines.in)
  • The remainder of this review will focus on the different chemotherapeutic agents currently being used for the treatment of cancer and their mechanism of action. (savedelicious.com)
  • Its mechanism of action is thought to be through modulation of the immune system with reduction of inflammatory mediators involved in eczematous reactions. (medscape.com)
  • Inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS) is an important mechanism of action of fluoropyrimidine antimetabolites. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Although Gc-therapy has been the cornerstone of NS management for decades, the mechanism of action, and target cell, remain poorly understood. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Our studies reveal a new mechanism for Gc action directly on the podocyte, with translational relevance to designing new selective synthetic Gc molecules. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The phenomenon of sulfonamide-resistant infections was first discussed in the late 1960s, but the mechanism of action underlying the effectiveness of sulfa drugs only gradually became known, with increasing knowledge of the interaction between PABA and this important class of antibiotics. (interactionsguide.com)
  • Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in neoplastic tissue. (lookformedical.com)
  • In agreement with the perceived mechanism of action of LP-184, PTGR1 emerged as the top weighted gene. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although the mechanisms of action through which hydroxytyrosol exerts its effects have yet to be fully determined, this agent affects the expression of various components of the inflammatory response, possibly through the modulation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) pathway. (blogspot.com)
  • Combining drugs with different mechanisms of action can produce larger therapeutic effects with fewer side effects. (doctorlib.info)
  • CCC may be a good candidate for therapy with a mTOR inhibitor, as it is well known that loss of PTEN expression and consequent activation of AKT signaling end in hypersensitivity to mTOR inhibition. (deubiquitinase.com)
  • and inhibition of the expression of the enzymes inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS/NOS2) and prostaglandin E2 synthase (PGES), which prevent the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E (PGE2), respectively. (blogspot.com)
  • Calcitriol acts through both genomic and non-genomic mechanisms ( 2 ). (jcancer.org)
  • 9 Sumi and colleagues have previously determined the genomic structure of the ITPA gene, which consists of 8 exons and is about 13 kb long. (ectrx.org)
  • We further show that RPS27L positively regulates p21 protein expression. (figshare.com)
  • The major metabolites 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) and 2-hydroxy pyridine were identified during CP degradation by RNC3 whereas, only TCP by RNC7 using GC-MS. Key enzymes encoded by opd and opch2 genes were annotated in the genomes of RNC3 and RNC7 along with the set of putative degradation genes (tcp, yieH, pho, prp). (bvsalud.org)
  • Then, the prognostic model and the expression levels of the three genes were validated using the dataset from GEO. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We applied our proprietary RADR® platform to an NCI-60 discovery dataset encompassing LP-184 IC50s and publicly available gene expression data. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One form is common to all the cell lines, whereas a variant form, which is more basic and is encoded by a separate structural gene, is unique to HCT 116. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Epigenetic carcinogens do not appear to interact directly with DNA, but instead appear to augment neoplastic growth by poorly defined mechanisms. (doctorlib.info)
  • It has been noted that lack of PTEN expression is widespread in CCC of the ovary. (deubiquitinase.com)
  • The SAMHD1 gene is located on chromosome 20. (wikipedia.org)
  • The ITPA gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 20 (20p13). (ectrx.org)
  • SAMHD1 protein expression can be influenced at four levels in cancer cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Deletion of the glucocorticoid receptor gene (Nr3c1) from fetal pulmonary mesenchymal cells phenocopied defects caused by global Nr3c1 deletion, while lung epithelial- or endothelial-specific Nr3c1 deletion did not impair lung function at birth. (stanford.edu)
  • During aging, a subset of AT2 cells expressing the canonical Wnt target gene, Axin2, function as stem cells, renewing themselves while generating new AT1 and AT2 cells. (stanford.edu)
  • it may down-regulate FCeRI expression on Langerhans cells. (medscape.com)
  • Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has transformed our understanding of gene expression within and amongst individual cells. (plantae.org)
  • SAM domain and HD domain-containing protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SAMHD1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The SAMHD1 protein is also known as: AGS5: Aicardi- Goutières syndrome type 5 DCIP: Dendritic cell-derived IFNG-induced protein2 Mg21: Interferon-gamma-inducible protein HDDC1: HD domain containing 1 MOP-5: Monocyte protein 5 SAMH1_HUMAN SBBI88 CHBL2 The gene encoding human SAMHD1 was originally identified in a human dendritic cell cDNA library as an orthologue of a mouse gene IFN-γ-induced gene Mg11. (wikipedia.org)
  • The SAMHD1 gene was disrupted using CRISPR/Cas9 and SAMHD1 depleted using RNAi, and the viral Vpx protein. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mycophenolate mofetil is an antimetabolite immunosuppressant indicated for the prophylaxis of organ rejection in adult and pediatric recipients 3 months of age and older of allogeneic kidney, heart or liver transplants, in combination with other immunosuppressants. (nih.gov)
  • And indeed, different miRNAs have been found to predict sensitivity to anticancer treatment: miR-30c, miR-130a and miR-335 are downregulated in various chemoresistant cell lines, hsa-Let-7g and hsa-miR-181b are strongly associated with response to 5-fluorouracil-based antimetabolite S-1. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • A well-balanced system of immune attack and immune tolerance mechanisms in response to these antigens is necessary for the maintenance of gut homeostasis. (nature.com)
  • Machine learning can be used to reduce the complexity of whole genome gene expression patterns to derive manageable signatures of response. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We used multiple feature selection layers followed by the XGBoost regression model and reduced the complexity of 20,000 gene expression values to generate a 16-gene signature leading to the identification of a set of predictive candidate biomarkers which form an LP-184 response gene signature. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Alteration of ITPA gene is one of the phar-macogenetic sequence variants possibly involved in thiopurine metabolism. (ectrx.org)
  • This study examined the changes of serum insulin like growth factor(IGF-I) and renal expression of IGF-I and II, vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β), and connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) during the active regeneration period after acute ischemic injury. (e-cep.org)
  • Two distinct subtypes of LIHC were identified based on cuproptosis-related genes, with different prognosis and immune characteristics. (biomedcentral.com)
  • GR enhanced differentiation of a newly defined proliferative mesenchymal progenitor cell (PMP) into matrix fibroblasts (MFBs), in part by directly activating extracellular matrix-associated target genes, including Fn1, Col16a4, and Eln and by modulating VEGF, JAK-STAT, and WNT signaling. (stanford.edu)
  • There is increasing interest in an association between miRNA expression in tumours and chemo- and radiosensitivity, both with regards to predicting or modulating sensitivity. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Spheroids were studied morphologically, electron microscopically and by qRT-PCR for selected matrix genes, related factors and miRNA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Features associated to the 3D cell model are increased expression of matrix proteins and miRNA as well as stromal markers such as PPP1R1B and SNED1. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We then extracted the expression of cuproptosis-related genes and established a prognostic model by lasso cox regression analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using lasso cox regression analysis, we developed a prognostic risk model based on three cuproptosis-related genes (GCSH, LIPT1 and CDKN2A). (biomedcentral.com)
  • It utilizes 96-, 384-, or 1536-well microplates, robotics, liquid handling devices, sensitive detectors, and data-processing software to identify a small number of effectors of a particular biological mechanism from collections that can contain up to two million drug candidates or leads. (oncotarget.com)
  • The improvement of this tactic by induced fit docking shown that raltegravir binding involved a mechanism and close interactions with the terminal adenine of the 3 processed viral DNA, consistent Dasatinib clinical trial with the results of bio-chemical tests. (deubiquitinase.com)
  • Dr. Ho did her PhD work in herpesvirus pathogenesis and postdoctoral research in CNS gene therapy with viral vectors at Stanford University. (stanford.edu)
  • Various pathophysiological mechanisms have been proposed, but the clinical similarities, ophthalmic manifestations in particular, make it reasonable to classify these diseases as an independent group. (hindawi.com)
  • Open data on the gene expression of the NCI-60 cell lines, provides a unique opportunity to add another dimension to the preclinical development of such drugs by interrogating correlations with gene expression patterns. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The objective of this study is to develop a simple, high-throughput 3D model of human PDAC cell lines, and to explore mechanisms underlying the transition from 2D to 3D that might be responsible for chemoresistance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although the multiple pathophysiological mechanisms still require clarification, similarities in ophthalmic manifestations make it reasonable to classify these diseases in an independent group. (hindawi.com)