• In adult female rodents, acute HPA function following a stressor is markedly greater than it is in males, and this difference has largely been attributed to modulation by the gonadal hormones testosterone and estradiol. (nature.com)
  • These gonadal hormones are produced by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and have been shown to determine sex differences in adult HPA function after acute stress via their activational and organizational effects. (nature.com)
  • Although these actions of gonadal hormones are well supported, the possibility that sex chromosomes similarly influence HPA activity is unexplored. (nature.com)
  • Moreover, questions remain regarding sex differences in the activity of the HPA axis following chronic stress and the underlying contributions of gonadal hormones and sex chromosomes. (nature.com)
  • We primarily outline what is known about how gonadal hormones and sex chromosomes modulate HPA axis activity following acute stress, and then focus on sex-biased HPA axis activity post-chronic stress, which is far less well understood. (nature.com)
  • Gonads are the principal reproductive organs that are involved in sexual differentiation wherein they are involved in the production of sex hormones and gametes. (peerj.com)
  • Collaboration with Mitchell brings extensive experience researching the effects of endogenous and exogenous factors (e.g. sex hormones, pharmaceuticals and chemical exposures) on human fetal reproductive development in addition to clinical experience of patients with Disorders of Sex Development (DSD), in which genital development is frequently atypical. (qub.ac.uk)
  • There are large differences between men and women of child-bearing age in the expression level of 5 key enzymes in one-carbon metabolism almost certainly caused by the sex hormones. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this project, we will utilize animal models that allow us to distinguish between the contribution of sex hormones and that of sex chromosomes to determine changes in signaling pathways and alterations in microenvironmental interactions by using a real-time in vivo imaging platform. (abta.org)
  • Associations of acetylcholinesterase inhibition between pesticide spray seasons with depression and anxiety symptoms in adolescents, and the role of sex and adrenal hormones on gender moderation. (cdc.gov)
  • We are incorporating data from tumor cells and their surrounding micro-environment, as well as genetic programs responsible for tumor growth, and underlying epigenetic differences that may be responsible for sex differences. (case.edu)
  • We hypothesize that a neutrophil-mediated endogenous analgesic mechanism is responsible for sex differences in nociception secondary to oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). (frontiersin.org)
  • Contributing to the sex differences in gene expression between males and females are the sex chromosomes, X and Y. Gene expression differences on the autosomes and the X chromosome between males (46, XY) and females (46, XX) may help inform on the mechanisms of sex differences in human health and disease. (asu.edu)
  • In chapter 1, I will introduce a method to align RNA-Seq reads to a sex chromosome complement informed reference genome that considers the X and Y chromosomes' shared evolutionary history. (asu.edu)
  • In species with highly heteromorphic sex chromosomes, the degradation of one of the sex chromosomes can result in unequal gene expression between the sexes (e.g., between XX females and XY males) and between the sex chromosomes and the autosomes. (asu.edu)
  • Dosage compensation is a process whereby genes on the sex chromosomes achieve equal gene expression which prevents deleterious side effects from having too much or too little expression of genes on sex chromsomes. (asu.edu)
  • Comparative genomics analyses were used to infer additional X-linked loci in the green anole, RNAseq data from male and female samples were anayzed to quantify patterns of sex-biased gene expression across the genome, and the extent of dosage compensation on the anole X chromosome was characterized, providing evidence that the sex chromosomes in the green anole are dosage compensated. (asu.edu)
  • Sexual dimorphism is a universal trait among animals where morphological and behavioral differences between genders play an important role in their sexual selection. (peerj.com)
  • The underlying mechanisms driving sexual dimorphism in obesity and its associated metabolic disorders remain unclear. (unipa.it)
  • The most common machinery mechanisms of fatal injuries were roll-over (32%) for males and run-over (45%) for females. (bmj.com)
  • One organ that shows strong divergence between the sexes early in development is the genital tubercle, which in males gives rise to the penis and in females to the clitoris. (qub.ac.uk)
  • A Case Comprehensive Cancer-led team has secured $10.4 million over five years from the National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute to explore at the molecular level the differences in glioblastoma between males and females. (case.edu)
  • Food intake was generally increased upon KO and decreased by high fat diet in both sexes, with the exception of KO females fed a high fat diet that displayed the same food intake of their littermates. (unipa.it)
  • In particular, we explain how gene expression differences lead to metabolic differences between males and females. (biomedcentral.com)
  • AUGUSTA, Ga. (Oct. 18, 2021) - Another difference between females and males appears to be a key mechanism in how they become hypertensive, scientists say, and consequently which antihypertensives should be most effective for them. (eurekalert.org)
  • Mamenko's lab has evidence in two common rat models of human hypertension, that in females, it is aldosterone, a hormone which cues our kidneys to hold onto more sodium and consequently more fluid, which drives blood pressure further up. (eurekalert.org)
  • Available data suggest no differences in oral absorption of strontium between males and females, nor do available human data suggest a difference in absorption between children and adults (ATSDR 2001e). (cdc.gov)
  • Using the entrance exam of a French higher education institution (the Ecole Normale Supérieure) as a natural experiment, we show the opposite: discrimination goes in favor of females in more male-connoted subjects (e.g. math, philosophy) and in favor of males in more female-connoted subjects (e.g. literature, biology), inducing a rebalancing of sex ratios between students recruited for a research career in science and humanities majors. (repec.org)
  • Overall, males had higher age-adjusted rates of TBI-EDHDs (959.0) compared with females (810.8) and the most common principal mechanisms of injury for all age groups included falls (413.2, age-adjusted), being struck by or against an object (142.1, age-adjusted), and motor-vehicle crashes (121.7, age-adjusted). (cdc.gov)
  • Surprisingly, Cnih3 knock-outs (KOs) showed far broader transcriptomic differences between estrous cycle stages and males. (wustl.edu)
  • Until recently, it was unknown how sexual differences in the behavior, physiology, and development of organisms are regulated by differential gene expression. (peerj.com)
  • Characterizing sex-specific gene expression among human tissues will help inform the molecular mechanisms driving sex differences in human health and disease. (asu.edu)
  • We use the model to investigate the consequences of sex differences in gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gene drive technology could see this become a reality. (mdpi.com)
  • This review charts the twists and turns on the road to developing gene drives in vertebrates. (mdpi.com)
  • The realisation of robust gene drive strategies in vertebrate pests has the potential to revolutionise biocontrol. (mdpi.com)
  • In wild types, we identified only subtle differences in gene expression between the sexes, while comparing estrous stages to one another revealed up to .1000 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). (wustl.edu)
  • Altogether, our profiling highlights cell types and molecular systems potentially impacted by estrous-specific gene expression patterns in the adult dorsal hippocampus, enabling mechanistic hypothesis genera-tion for future studies of sex-differential neuropsychiatric function and dysfunction. (wustl.edu)
  • The investigators combined eight microarray datasets from these brain regions and conducted a large-scale gene-expression analysis to probe for sex differences. (medscape.com)
  • Also, methods to examine sex-specific gene expression on a large scale have only recently been developed, he said. (medscape.com)
  • Histone variant macroH2A1.1 is a candidate epigenetic mechanism linking environmental and dietary factors to obesity. (unipa.it)
  • Here, we used a mouse model genetically depleted of macroH2A1.1 to investigate its potential epigenetic role in sex dimorphic obesity, metabolic disturbances and gut dysbiosis. (unipa.it)
  • Comparable sex-specific methylation differences in MKLN1 also exist in bat skin and a range of mouse tissues that have high androgen receptor expression, indicating that it may drive androgen-dependent hypomethylation in divergent mammalian species. (herculeanstrength.com)
  • RNAscope), these data will be used to identify androgen dependent and independent pathways underpinning genital tubercle sex specific differentiation. (qub.ac.uk)
  • The student will compare development of the genital tubercle between normal and overweight pregnancies to identify sex-specific pathways affected by maternal obesity, combined with epidemiological approaches to understand long term risks of maternal obesity to sex differentiation. (qub.ac.uk)
  • The intended impact of this PhD is to provide the basic mechanistic principles of the differentiation of the human fetal genital tubercle into penis and clitoris and use those principles to understand important sex differences established in key organs during fetal development and how they affect normal function and health. (qub.ac.uk)
  • Sex differences are inherent drivers of glioblastoma incidence and survival, and we are taking a multidimensional approach to uncover a better understanding of this differentiation," said Lathia, vice chair of the Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences and co-director of the Brain Tumor Research & Therapeutic Development Center of Excellence at Lerner Research Institute, and co-leader of the Molecular Oncology Program at the Case Comprehensive Cancer Center. (case.edu)
  • Genomic analyses are crucial for a comprehensive picture of sex chromosome differentiation and dosage compensation, in addition to understanding speciation. (asu.edu)
  • Understanding fundamental sex differences in organs of the same developmental origin between the sexes, such as the liver, is key to understand biological mechanisms behind normal physiology and lifelong health. (qub.ac.uk)
  • Whether these differences are directly linked to biological sex is uncertain, as many factors, including age and pre-stroke factors, could contribute to cognitive outcomes. (nature.com)
  • Progress in our studies will establish a model approach for future studies that take into account sex as a biological variable in cancer care. (abta.org)
  • the cause for this sex-specific prevalence is unknown. (aai.org)
  • This study was undertaken to determine urinary stone composition and prevalence of stone formers by age and sex among Iraqi patients, and to assess the contribution made by factors such as genetic traits, residence and dietary habits on the etiology of urolithiasis. (who.int)
  • The Class A Mups are more different from each other and are therefore likely to be more stable, older genes, but what, if any, functional differences the classes have are unknown. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using this approach, I show that more genes are called as sex differentially expressed in several human adult tissues compared to a default reference alignment. (asu.edu)
  • There are well-documented sex differences in pregnancy complications, yet, surprisingly, there is no observable sex difference in expression of innate immune genes, suggesting expression of these genes is conserved. (asu.edu)
  • in 52 of these 73 genes, expression changed in opposite directions with respect to the sexes. (medscape.com)
  • Increased levels of milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 (MFG-E8) are associated with many age-related arterial changes, but the mechanisms remain unclear. (nature.com)
  • Nevertheless, the mechanisms underpinning sex-dependent longevity are currently unclear. (herculeanstrength.com)
  • Some evidence suggests that associations may be stronger in women, but the mechanism of this gender difference is unclear. (cdc.gov)
  • Because the new study was performed using the human postmortem brain samples, it is unclear whether the synaptic differences observed in MDD - decreased in men, increased in women - are driven by microglia changes or vice versa, say the authors. (medscape.com)
  • Additionally, it is unclear whether the opposite molecular signatures of MDD in men and women may drive sex differences in MDD symptomatology," they write. (medscape.com)
  • OBJECTIVE 2: Using RNA-seq and/or proteomic data we and others have generated (liver, adrenal, thyroid, placenta), these pathways will be investigated to identify potential novel regulators of sex specific differences. (qub.ac.uk)
  • The researchers have previously published research showing significant differences between the sexes in glioblastoma incidence, survival and some key molecular pathways. (case.edu)
  • Research on the sex-biased expression of miRNAs in avian gonads are limited, and little is known about M. undulatus . (peerj.com)
  • However, while these sex differences are understood, they are not yet considered when treating glioblastoma. (case.edu)
  • We have the molecular profiling technology and the computing and analytical strength to lead in this effort to better understand the role of sex differences in cancer, particularly for glioblastoma," said Barnholtz-Sloan, the Sally S. Morley Designated Professor in Brain Tumor Research and associate director of data sciences at the Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine. (case.edu)
  • Three related research projects, undertaken by this collaborative team, will delve into the basic biology and cellular mechanisms that drive sex differences in glioblastoma formation and progression. (case.edu)
  • In the present era of Precision Medicine, sex of the patient, which is linked to incidence and survival, is not used to personalize care for glioblastoma. (abta.org)
  • Our preliminary and published studies uncovered a remarkably better response to standard care in female glioblastoma patients than in male patients as well as sex-specific differences in signaling networks and interactions in the tumor microenvironment. (abta.org)
  • Our studies will demonstrate a paradigm for sex-specific approaches to personalized medicine in glioblastoma. (abta.org)
  • We actually wanted to understand the underlying mechanisms by which prolactin sets the refractory period, but we ended up refuting a long-standing theory. (discovermagazine.com)
  • There were no differences in hepatic histology. (unipa.it)
  • Moreover, these findings suggest an unrecognized role of Cnih3 in buffering against transcriptional effects of estrous, providing a candidate molecular mechanism to explain estrous-dependent phenotypes observed with Cnih3 loss. (wustl.edu)
  • Sex-specific molecular changes in MDD are only now being reported. (medscape.com)
  • Additionally, they support the possibility that sex biases result from sex chromosomal effects, although supporting evidence is currently limited [ 10 ]. (nature.com)
  • The precise details of Hurricane Sandy cannot be predicted in advance, any more than when, or whether, a smoker develops lung cancer, or sex without contraception yields an unwanted pregnancy, or a drunk driver has an accident. (commondreams.org)
  • The green anole has XX/XY sex determination, but the content of the X chromosome and its evolution have not been described. (asu.edu)
  • Men and women with major depressive disorder (MDD) have opposite genetic mechanisms that contribute to the condition, a new brain autopsy study shows. (medscape.com)
  • We investigate whether sexes differ in means and variances along the fast-slow pace-of-life continuum for life history and physiological and behavioral traits. (springer.com)
  • The merged features are fed to either a traditional machine learning-based methods have been conducted to investigate the underlying mechanism of CSF flow signals in only the lowest frequency (4 Hz) for each run. (aremconstruction.com)
  • The primary goal is to try to investigate the questions related to cardiogenic shock that can inform management, and one of the key questions that came up was differences in how men and women present with cardiogenic shock and what their outcomes may be. (medscape.com)
  • In a paper published last month in Communications Biology , Lima and her colleagues took two different strains of mice with differing sex drives and tinkered with their prolactin levels. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Any study based on mice needs to be treated with caution when trying to infer its relevance for humans, but Valente says the process of prolactin release during and immediately after sex in mice is very similar to that of humans. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Researchers have uncovered a neural mechanism in female mice that shifts estrogen from playing a protective role in glucose metabolism to a disruptive one. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Sex without contraception is a systemic cause of unwanted pregnancies. (commondreams.org)
  • The main difference is that Zoloft belongs to a drug class of antidepressants called SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), so researchers know how Zoloft works in treating anxiety . (hdkino.org)
  • Recently, researchers presented an overview of sex-based differences in adverse drug reactions (ADRs) based on epidemiology, technique, and underlying mechanism data. (news-medical.net)
  • With respect to the sex-specific markers of immune function, Sibille suggested that researchers might reexamine data from studies of drugs that affect the immune system - for example, drugs taken by patients with rheumatoid arthritis - to look for effects on depression. (medscape.com)
  • Identifying different patterns of injury through subgroup analysis by sex may allow for more effective targeting of prevention efforts. (bmj.com)
  • As a consequence, cancer Cancer differences reflect difference, but these were cancers social inequalities patterns can change over time with- that were difficult to diagnose early in a country. (who.int)
  • We also review clinically apparent differences in the immune responses elicited by these viruses according to the latest clinical data and recommend that investigators note these differences in ongoing efforts to elucidate the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2. (ersjournals.com)
  • As NP is prevalent in both sexes with clinically relevant nocturia, providers should address the causative, potentially serious underlying medical and urological pathophysiological conditions which contribute to NP. (renalandurologynews.com)
  • 3) developmental and functional differences, such as sex differences in metabolism and efficacy of medicinal drugs. (qub.ac.uk)
  • These male-female differences in one-carbon metabolism are greatly accentuated during pregnancy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, understanding the origin and consequences of sex differences in one-carbon metabolism is important for precision medicine. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We give a mechanistic understanding of observed concentration differences in one-carbon metabolism and explain why women have lower S-andenosylmethionine, lower homocysteine, and higher choline and betaine. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There are significant sex differences in one-carbon metabolism (OCM) and these differences are accentuated in pregnancy [ 1 - 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, Cnih3 knock-out drove subtle but extensive expression changes accentuating sex differential expression at diestrus and estrus. (wustl.edu)
  • She completed a one-year international PhD internship and postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Maryland School of Dentistry where she studied sex and age differences in chronic pain in humans and animal models. (umaryland.edu)
  • Dr. Da Silva's research program employs an innovative, multiscale, interdisciplinary approach to evaluating the role of sex and age in how chronic pain drives comorbid emotional disorders, such as anxiety and depression. (umaryland.edu)
  • Her lab investigates brain mechanisms related to sex and age differences in chronic pain conditions in rodents and humans, as well as pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments that could potentially reverse changes induced by pain and emotional comorbidities. (umaryland.edu)
  • Mamenko's lab has shown that blocking aldosterone receptors, called mineralocorticoid receptors, in hypertensive female rats decreases the overzealous, unhealthy activity of ENaC and results in more significant blood pressure decreases than in their male counterparts, "strongly suggesting" that aldosterone is an unrecognized, female-specific mechanism in chronic blood pressure regulation, he says. (eurekalert.org)
  • But in heart failure-related cardiogenic shock, we saw more differences, with typical comorbidities associated with cardiogenic shock (eg, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, hypertension) being less common in women than in men. (medscape.com)
  • Questions for Matthew Garnett, Health Statistician and Lead Author of "Rural-urban Differences in Unintentional Injury Death Rates Among Children Aged 0-17: United States, 2018-2019. (cdc.gov)
  • Phenotypic variances were similar between the sexes across trait categories and were not affected by mating system or study environment. (springer.com)
  • FamWAS can examine traits not previously studied in association with family history and uncover trait overlap, highlighting a putative shared mechanism by which family history influences disease risk. (cdc.gov)
  • It has been demonstrated in a survey of 37 cultures that mate choices, for instance, are sensitive to ecological differences in parasite incidence. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • All of these results suggest that a mechanistic understanding of how enzymatic differences in women affect OCM is important for precision medicine. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Until very recently, scientists thought they understood the biology of why men need to take a breather after sex - and before going for round two. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Strikingly, women are at twice the risk of men for developing many of these diseases, likely due to sex differences in the function and regulation of the HPA axis [ 5 ]. (nature.com)
  • Mamenko recently received a $1.9 million grant (1R01DK125464-01A1) from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases to learn more about these sex-differences he's finding in the kidney's key role in regulating blood pressure. (eurekalert.org)
  • We infer that rG-CSF-induced Ly6G + neutrophils drive an endogenous analgesic mechanism. (frontiersin.org)
  • This next phase of research relies on vast, varied and complex datasets-in animals and humans-and promises to be a game-changer in how we understand the role of sex in tumor formation and disease outcomes. (case.edu)
  • It showed sex-specific differences in outcomes that were primarily driven by differences in heart failure-related cardiogenic shock. (medscape.com)
  • Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) have distinct phenotypes that drive inflammation but also regulate lymphocytes and are the rate-limiting cell for generating anti-inflammatory lipoxin A 4 (LXA 4 ). (aai.org)
  • The most transparent approach involves adaptations that are thought to be universal, including fundamental emotions, cooperative adaptations, or sex-specific mating tactics. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • This suggests there may be phenotypic differences as to why women present with heart failure shock vs men. (medscape.com)
  • Health inequalities are systematic differences in health among societal groups [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We identify discrimination by systematic differences in students' scores between oral tests (non-blind toward gender) and anonymous written tests (blind toward gender). (repec.org)
  • Although it primarily focuses on the rodent literature, a brief discussion of sex differences in the human HPA axis is also included. (nature.com)
  • These differences in health are largely the consequence of social systems that differentially distribute material and social resources according to factors such as income, education, wealth and power, leading to social stratification [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A new study indicates that although men and women are equally likely to experience cognitive impairment after acute ischaemic stroke, there are sex differences in particular cognitive domains. (nature.com)
  • We argue that the impaired interferon-I and -III response of severe COVID-19 is reminiscent of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and influenza pathobiology, suggesting conserved virulence mechanisms among these viruses. (ersjournals.com)
  • Selection process All citations retrieved from the encoded protein sequences to feed a drug-target pair could be induced by driving neural activity in ways that preserved overall global hemodynamics in turn preserved stimulus-evoked CSF flow. (stpancraschurch.org)
  • We are interested in elucidating the mechanisms by which experience modulates the responsiveness of neural and hormonal stress responses. (usd.edu)
  • Comprehensive findings will inform future clinical research design, the search for targets for new therapeutics, or the use of existing therapeutics that may be applied differently depending on a patient's sex. (case.edu)
  • As women increasingly participate in all aspects of agricultural production, there is a need to collect, interpret, and disseminate information on agricultural injury that is relevant for both sexes. (bmj.com)
  • A lot of women, a lot of sex, a lot of money. (worldcrunch.com)
  • Men seeking paid sex usually go to flat-rate brothels where the deal is that for 100 euros, they get as many women as they can manage. (worldcrunch.com)
  • Are There Differences in Interests between Men and Women? (observer.com)
  • Differences in distributions of traits between men and women may in part explain why we don't have 50% representation of women in tech and leadership. (observer.com)
  • those differences might explain part of why we don't have 50/50 representation of men and women in tech and leadership, just as we don't have a 50/50 representation in oil drilling and primary education. (observer.com)
  • But that opinion has been "shamed into silence" because Google is afraid that discussing differences between men and women may upset some people. (observer.com)
  • The author's point, at least related to gender and diversity, is that if there's truth to general differences of interests between men and women impacting career choice, then diversity programs that try to create a perfect 50/50 split will be discriminatory against whatever gender is more interested in the field. (observer.com)
  • The Epidemiology of Nocturnal Polyuria (EpiNP) study, which was published in the Journal of Urology , demonstrated that NP is highly prevalent in both sexes in the United States, but it is much more common in women. (renalandurologynews.com)
  • Kapur pointed out that differences in BMI or body surface area between men and women may play into some of the management decision-making. (medscape.com)
  • MDD is more severe in women than in men, and MDD symptomatology differs between the sexes. (medscape.com)
  • The study included samples from 50 patients who had been diagnosed with MDD (26 men and 24 women) and samples from 50 sex-matched unaffected individuals, which served as controls. (medscape.com)
  • Sex-specific differences in means and possibly variances may therefore play a key role in the POLS framework. (springer.com)
  • We also consider important differences between COVID-19 and influenza, mainly the protean clinical presentation and associated lymphopenia of COVID-19, the contrasting role of interferon-γ in mediating the host immune response to these viruses, and the tropism for vascular endothelial cells of SARS-CoV-2, commenting on the potential limitations of influenza as a model for COVID-19. (ersjournals.com)
  • On the other hand, social role theory postulates that psychological gender disparities result from the roles that various cultures place on people and, as a result, should disappear when sex equality rises. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • What we are trying to do is identify more specific groups to which more targeted treatments can be applied and, in this case, we are aiming for sex," a factor which is neither well studied nor understood in hypertension, he notes. (eurekalert.org)
  • To use national surveillance data in Canada to describe gender differences in the pattern of farm fatalities and severe injuries (those requiring hospitalisation). (bmj.com)
  • Gender differences in fatalities and injuries were examined by comparison of proportions and stratified by sex, injury class (machinery, non-machinery), and age group. (bmj.com)
  • Survey-weighted linear and logistic regression models, adjusted for age, sex/gender and smoking status, examined change in dietary intakes over time. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mechanisms likely to drive this positive discrimination toward the minority gender are also discussed. (repec.org)
  • We'll come back to that main problem, but let's dig into the memo's arguments about gender differences first: Is there any weight to what the document had to say? (observer.com)
  • This is all that the document is arguing about gender differences. (observer.com)
  • Gender differences may be partly explained by endocrine disruption. (cdc.gov)
  • Further, the study shows that the Czech women's movement is a very important driving force in the pursuit of gender equality in the Czech Republic. (lu.se)
  • In conclusion, this work is the first report of sex-biased miRNAs expression in the budgerigar, and provides additional sequences to the avian miRNAome database which will foster further functional genomic research. (peerj.com)
  • During stay-at-home periods, rates of initiation decreased, but rates of heavy use increased because some adolescents increased their substance use as a mechanism for coping with stress. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The observation of fecal excretion of radioactive strontium weeks to decades after an oral exposure or over shorter time periods after an intravenous exposure suggests the existence of a mechanism for transfer of absorbed strontium into gastrointestinal tract, either from the bile or directly from the plasma (ATSDR 2001e). (cdc.gov)
  • It is possible to evaluate phenomena like emotionality, sex drive, and stress using physiological approaches. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • Much of what is known about sex differences in the stress-induced activity of the HPA axis and their underlying mechanisms comes from studies done in rodents. (nature.com)
  • We conclude with a brief discussion of sex differences in the human HPA axis with the caveat that they are less pronounced than in rodents and are largely dependent on the stress modality. (nature.com)
  • Evidence for such covariation is contradictory, possibly because systematic sources of variation (e.g. sex) have been neglected. (springer.com)
  • The aim of this PhD is to understand the mechanisms behind sex-specific development of the human genital tubercle and use that information to identify mechanisms behind sex differences in the liver and other critical organs. (qub.ac.uk)