Molecular mechanismsProliferationMaturationEmbryonicAdipocyte differentiationSexual DifferentiationOsteogenic differentiationMaintenance and differentiationLymphocyteEpigenetic MechanismsProper differentiationTerminal differentiationNeuronalMesenchymalSelf-renewalApoptosisNeuroectodermStem cellsInhibitionAntigenUnclearGenesOsteocytesPrecursorsProgenitorCellsInductionRegulatesTranscriptionalDiseasesDevelopmentPathogenicBoneLineageGrowthFindingsNotchAdipocytesExtracellularProteinSignalsProgressionCachexiaVariantsMultiple
Molecular mechanisms11
- However, the molecular mechanisms of how ES cells are differentiated remain much less understood. (utexas.edu)
- A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the progression from estrogen-dependent to hormone-resistant breast cancer may uncover new targets for treatment and the discovery of new predictive markers. (diagenode.com)
- Through the study of temporal and spatial regulation of important genes and pathways in our model systems, we will develop a more comprehensive picture of the molecular mechanisms orchestrating egg development and gain a deeper understanding of how basic cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation, and growth are regulated in development. (fsu.edu)
- An organelle-specific protein landscape identifies novel diseases and molecular mechanisms. (nih.gov)
- But the underlying molecular mechanisms of Rhizoma coptidis are still far from being fully elucidated. (springer.com)
- In this review, we studied on the effects and molecular mechanisms of Rhizoma coptidis on NF-κB/MAPK/PI3K-Akt/AMPK/ERS and oxidative stress pathways. (springer.com)
- There are many researches on Rhizoma coptidis, but most of them are only a small part of the whole molecular mechanisms. (springer.com)
- As a traditional Chinese medicine, Rhizoma coptidis has excellent therapeutic effects on various diseases, but the underlying systematic molecular mechanisms are still far from being fully elucidated. (springer.com)
- The molecular mechanisms underlying the role of JAM3 in placental dysfunction remain unclear. (bioone.org)
- IL-6 promotes Th2 differentiation and simultaneously inhibits Th1 polarization through two independent molecular mechanisms. (nih.gov)
- Thus, by using two independent molecular mechanisms, IL-6 plays a dual role in Th1/Th2 differentiation. (nih.gov)
Proliferation5
- Among these, the neoplastic tumor-suppressor genes (nTSGs) have been shown to fulfill two significant functions requisite for organ size control: first, establishing apicobasal cell polarity as a principle of epithelial tissue organization and appropriate timing of terminal differentiation and, second, exerting cell-proliferation control as a primary factor in tissue growth. (fsu.edu)
- In summary, the three major areas of research in my lab are independent yet connected-proper differentiation of follicle cells is key to the establishment of oocyte polarity, and cell competition involves intercellular communication and regulation of cell proliferation. (fsu.edu)
- MAPK pathways refer to various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. (springer.com)
- Inhibition of CDK1 activity reduces IDG-SW3 cell proliferation and differentiation into osteocytes. (lu.se)
- These molecular defects interfere with lymphocyte development and function, blocking the differentiation and proliferation of T cells and, in some types, of B cells and NK cells. (medscape.com)
Maturation6
- Gibco CultureOne Supplement may be added to any conventional neuronal differentiation medium to eliminate more than 75% of contaminating neural progenitor cells-resulting in superior neuronal cell cultures of evenly-distributed, differentiated neurons, enabling improved downstream assays, accelerated neuronal maturation, and seamless maintenance for 5 weeks or more. (thermofisher.com)
- This, along with longer neurite outgrowth after 2 weeks of differentiation, demonstrates that CultureOne Supplement accelerates neuronal maturation. (thermofisher.com)
- Mechanism of stem cell maturation and differentiation. (mpg.de)
- IL-6 is involved in the acute phase response, B cell maturation, and macrophage differentiation. (nih.gov)
- and controlling the growth, division, and maturation (differentiation) of cells. (medlineplus.gov)
- Goal The objective of our research is to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms that control beta cell maturation and function in the embryonic and adult pancreas. (lu.se)
Embryonic3
- This work reveals the importance of BRACHYURY and CDX2 genes as key mediators of embryonic and extraembryonic lineage differentiation in hESCs and EpiSCs. (qscience.com)
- Unlike embryonic growth, adult organ remodeling is reversible and repeatable, suggesting that it occurs through different mechanisms. (stanford.edu)
- Understanding the mechanisms underlying embryonic beta cell development will be a prerequisite for the development of a universally available cell replacement therapy in diabetes. (lu.se)
Adipocyte differentiation1
- Results DIM, but not I3C, increased adipocyte differentiation through upregulation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ and CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein α. (researchgate.net)
Sexual Differentiation1
- Hormonal mechanisms underlying aberrant sexual differentiation in male rats prenatally exposed to alcohol, stress, or both. (bvsalud.org)
Osteogenic differentiation4
- Effect and mechanism of a novel Mg-Nd-Gd-Sr alloy on osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. (bvsalud.org)
- We investigated the effect and mechanism of a novel Mg-3Nd-1Gd-0.3Sr-0.2Zn-0.4Zr (abbreviated to Mg-Nd-Gd-Sr) alloy on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells extracted from Sprague-Dawley rats . (bvsalud.org)
- Our data indicate that the novel Mg-Nd-Gd-Sr alloy can promotes the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats . (bvsalud.org)
- However, the primary mechanisms regulating osteogenic differentiation are controversial. (nature.com)
Maintenance and differentiation2
- Weibing' s research focuses on plant stem cell dynamics, aiming to understand the molecular cellular mechanisms underlying stem cell maintenance and differentiation. (jic.ac.uk)
- How stem cells grow and divide, and how developmental programs and environmental cues are integrated into stem cell maintenance and differentiation remain largely unclear. (jic.ac.uk)
Lymphocyte1
- This book discusses the mechanisms of transmembrane signal transduction during B-Cell Activation, the Regulation of Gene Expression during B-Cell Differentiation, Anti-immunoglobulin antibody induction of B-Lymphocyte activation and differentiation in vivo and in vitro, Helper signals in B-Lymphocyte differentiation, Growth and differentiation of b-cell clones in vitro, B-Cell tumors as models of lymphocyte differentiation, and Memory b-cell activation, differentiation, and isotype switching. (taylorfrancis.com)
Epigenetic Mechanisms1
- It includes contributions covering epigenetic mechanisms in the brain, neuroendocrine responses to stress, and the evolution of "reversed" sex differences in the behavior of spotted hyenas, as well as studies of how sex differences may affect circadian rhythms, immune disorders, and depression. (cshlpress.com)
Proper differentiation1
- Repressive role of Rbpj is also required for proper differentiation of ES cells by silencing core factors. (utexas.edu)
Terminal differentiation3
- A specialized type of differentiation, known as terminal differentiation, is of importance in some tissues, including vertebrate nervous system, striated muscle, epidermis and gut. (wikipedia.org)
- During terminal differentiation, a precursor cell formerly capable of cell division permanently leaves the cell cycle, dismantles the cell cycle machinery and often expresses a range of genes characteristic of the cell's final function (e.g. myosin and actin for a muscle cell). (wikipedia.org)
- Differentiation may continue to occur after terminal differentiation if the capacity and functions of the cell undergo further changes. (wikipedia.org)
Neuronal3
- CultureOne Supplement was developed to help support neuronal differentiation of human neural stem cells (NSCs) to neurons for maximum utility in downstream applications. (thermofisher.com)
- After 2 weeks of neuronal differentiation with CultureOne Supplement, images show evenly distributed differentiated neurons (MAP2 + ) with greater than 75% reduction in NSCs (SOX1 + ) and cell clumps compared to conventional neuronal differentiation methods (A) . These cells had increased neuronal mRNA expression, reduced NSC mRNA expression (B) , and exhibited higher spike rates as measured by multi-electrode array (MEA). (thermofisher.com)
- During the past ten years much progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms that orchestrate the generation of different telencephalic neuronal subtypes. (intechopen.com)
Mesenchymal2
- Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show trilineage differentiation because these cells differentiate into osteocytes, chondrocytes and adipocytes. (nature.com)
- This literature review is about mechanism of mesothelial -mesenchymal transition (MMT), myofibroblasts and its origin hypothesis, clock genes and their cross relation with organ fibrosis. (ukessays.com)
Self-renewal2
- We are interested in understanding the role of the extracellular matrix in regulating stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, and how this regulation goes awry in cancer. (stanford.edu)
- The activation, differentiation, and development of CD8+ T cells is accompanied by large-scale changes in the coordinated expression of numerous inflammatory cytokines, transcription factors (TFs) and chemokines that are correlated with their survival, effector function, and self-renewal ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
Apoptosis2
- Although the conventional activities of p53 such as cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis are well accepted as the major checkpoints in stress responses, accumulating evidence implicates the importance of other tumor suppression mechanisms. (nature.com)
- To date, various mechanisms have been suggested to explain the powerful tumor-suppressive effect of p53, including the induction of cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis. (nature.com)
Neuroectoderm1
- We then carried out a detailed analysis of the roles of Smad proteins (Smad2 and Smad3) as direct regulators of Nanog, which in turn blocks an hESC default differentiation into neuroectoderm. (qscience.com)
Stem cells5
- Our research focuses on understanding how pluripotent mammalian stem cells maintain their undifferentiated state and undergo differentiation in culture - this reflecting my enduring interest in the emergence of diversity during mouse gastrulation. (qscience.com)
- Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. (wikipedia.org)
- However, metabolic composition does get altered quite dramatically where stem cells are characterized by abundant metabolites with highly unsaturated structures whose levels decrease upon differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
- May 25, 2023 The many types of cells in the human body are produced through the process of differentiation, in which stem cells are converted to more specialized types. (sciencedaily.com)
- Stem cells are key players in at least some of these mechanisms. (stanford.edu)
Inhibition1
- While the induction of Th2 differentiation by IL-6 is dependent upon endogenous IL-4, inhibition of Th1 differentiation by IL-6 is IL-4- and NFAT-independent. (nih.gov)
Antigen1
- Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. (wikipedia.org)
Unclear1
- Osteocytes have recently been identified as a new regulator of bone remodeling, but the detailed mechanism of their differentiation from osteoblasts remains unclear. (lu.se)
Genes4
- Our signature-based screen established several categories of genes based on their comparative functions during the differentiation of ES cells. (utexas.edu)
- Consistently, SUPT6H, similar to H2Bub1, is required for cellular differentiation and suppression of the repressive histone mark H3K27me3 on lineage-specific genes. (diagenode.com)
- Composed of multiple constituent enhancers, super enhancers (SEs) are powerful cis-regulatory elements that identify genes that ensure sequential differentiation. (nature.com)
- We therefore suggest a new mechanism involving a cofactor that is regulated as well as recruited by one of the master genes to bind to the antagonistic partner that is necessary for bistability and hence switch-like behavior. (lu.se)
Osteocytes3
- The purpose of this study is to identify cell cycle regulators involved in the differentiation of osteoblasts into osteocytes and determine their physiological significance. (lu.se)
- The study uses IDG-SW3 cells as a model for the differentiation from osteoblasts to osteocytes. (lu.se)
- Among the major cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), Cdk1 is most abundantly expressed in IDG-SW3 cells, and its expression is down-regulated during differentiation into osteocytes. (lu.se)
Precursors1
- Loss of asrij causes hyperproliferation of lymph gland lobes coupled with increased hemocyte differentiation, thereby depleting the pool of quiescent hemocyte precursors. (nih.gov)
Progenitor1
- Thus, conserved endocytic functions may control blood cell progenitor quiescence and differentiation. (nih.gov)
Cells6
- Myeloid cells developed evolutionarily as a major mechanism to protect the host. (aacrjournals.org)
- The activation, differentiation, and development of CD8+ T cells can be affected by numerous inflammatory cytokines, transcription factors, and chemokines. (frontiersin.org)
- CD8+ T cells, also called cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), are one subtype of T cell ( 6 ), characterized by robust production of interferon (IFN)-γ and cytolytic activities via perforin (PRF)/granzymes (GZM) or Fas mechanisms to kill target cells ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
- IL-6 activates transcription mediated by nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) leading to production of IL-4 by nai;ve CD4(+) T cells and their differentiation into effector Th2 cells. (nih.gov)
- IL-6 inhibits Th1 differentiation by upregulating supressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-1 expression to interfere with IFNgamma signaling and the development of Th1 cells. (nih.gov)
- Presentation] Macrophage-secreted Emilin2 Stimulates Chemotaxis and Differentiation in Stromal/Osteoblastic Cells. (nii.ac.jp)
Induction1
- In our most recent work we have focused on the role of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-4 in the cell fate decision between endoderm and mesoderm, demonstrating the similarity of BMP-induced hESC and EpiSC differentiation to mesoderm induction during mouse gastrulation. (qscience.com)
Regulates1
- Our goal is to understand how this nutrient-driven mechanism regulates stem cell behavior for lifelong optimization of organ form and function. (stanford.edu)
Transcriptional1
- Our focus on mesoderm leads us on to molecular pathways for early human cardiomyocyte differentiation, with a goal of understanding the transcriptional networks responsible for cardiomyocyte identity and using this to generate more homogeneous cardiomyocyte populations for therapeutic applications and drug discovery. (qscience.com)
Diseases1
- Then we summarized the mechanisms of these alkaloid components of Rhizoma coptidis on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes and diabetic complications. (springer.com)
Development6
- Differentiation happens multiple times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. (wikipedia.org)
- The long-term goal of our research is to understand the fundamental mechanisms that govern and reprogram cellular fate during development, regeneration and disease. (stanford.edu)
- This is not only of fundamental interest (i.e., understanding the mechanism of action) but it also relates to an increased need for a mechanistic component in chemical risk assessment and development of high throughput screens for chemical toxicity. (birmingham.ac.uk)
- and (3) explore and evaluate existing mechanisms for financial contributions to health research and development and, if there is no suitable mechanism, to develop a proposal for effective mechanisms, and a plan to monitor their effectiveness independently. (who.int)
- While there is currently no existing mechanism that coordinates health research and development at the global level, there are numerous mechanisms that seek to coordinate research and development within a specific disease area. (who.int)
- Impact Understanding the mechanisms underlying beta cell development and function will be a prerequisite for cell replacement therapy in diabetes. (lu.se)
Pathogenic2
- Myelopoiesis in response to pathogenic stimuli is a fundamental mechanism protecting the host. (aacrjournals.org)
- Conclusions Our findings inform the utility of family history data as a risk assessment and screening tool for the prevention of ODHBs and to provide additional insights into shared risk factors and pathogenic mechanisms. (cdc.gov)
Bone2
- These results demonstrate that Cdk1 plays an essential role in the differentiation from osteoblast to osteocyte and the acquisition and maintenance of bone mass. (lu.se)
- The findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of bone mass regulation and can help develop efficient therapeutic strategies for osteoporosis treatment. (lu.se)
Lineage1
- Differentiation is a complex process involving actions of ES cell core factors, lineage specific regulators, epigenetic modifications, and chromatin remodelers. (utexas.edu)
Growth3
- In recent studies we have examined the role of transforming growth factor family members in both pluripotency and differentiation. (qscience.com)
- EpiSCs share many features with hESCs, and subsequent work supports our hypothesis that hESCs are the human counterparts of EpiSCs, with similar responses to growth factors and mechanisms of pluripotency and differentiation. (qscience.com)
- Pancreatic cancer with cachexia and elevated human growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15). (medscape.com)
Findings1
- Although many related studies have been performed, differences in cell lines, experimental conditions and downstream mechanisms have generally resulted in contradictory findings. (nature.com)
Notch1
- Taken together our data suggest a role for Asrij in causing increased Notch signaling thereby affecting hemocyte differentiation. (nih.gov)
Adipocytes1
- This study aimed to determine whether I3C or DIM could increase glucose uptake via enhanced insulin sensitivity in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes, as well as the mechanism involved. (researchgate.net)
Extracellular1
- This can contribute to biofilm dispersal, and provides a mechanism for the release of extracellular DNA (eDNA) within biofilms. (southampton.ac.uk)
Protein1
- Invited talks will feature a broad range of topics including membrane biogenesis, protein sorting to organelles, metabolic regulation of organelle biogenesis, autophagy, protein and organelle quality control, lipid homeostasis, interorganelle contact sites, host-pathogen interactions, and the mechanism of organelle fission and fusion. (grc.org)
Signals1
- Mechanisms that modulate and integrate these signals are poorly understood. (nih.gov)
Progression1
- In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. (wikipedia.org)
Cachexia1
- The mechanisms of cancer cachexia are not well understood, but cachexia is correlated with elevated circulating GDF15. (medscape.com)
Variants1
- The mechanism by which variants in the ARID1A gene contribute to cancer is unknown, although it is thought that changes in SWI/SNF complexes are involved. (medlineplus.gov)
Multiple1
- SUPT6H controls estrogen receptor activity and cellular differentiation by multiple epigenomic mechanisms. (diagenode.com)