Mechanisms cytokinin on plant growth. Medical search. Frequent questions

Auxins, Gibberellins, Abscisic acid and Cytokinins. (jinnah.edu)
Bacillus subtilis can produce plant growth-promoting compounds, such as auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins, which can stimulate plant growth and development. (biologix.co.nz)
All studied growth stimulants increased the total leaf area of plant and anti-gibberellins decreased it. (org.ua)
Seed dormancy and germination, hormonal regulation of growth and development physiological effects and mechanism of action of auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, abscisic acid and jasmonic acid, plant rythms and biological clock, secondary metabolites, plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. (iasexamportal.com)
They are also involved in many processes of growth and development, such as nodulation, and interact with the other families of phytohormones, such as auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, ethylene and abscisic acid, to modulate the plant's growth habits and patterns. (omexcanada.com)
But other hormones, like cytokinins, brassinosteroids, auxins and gibberellins, has also been associated with the response to abiotic stresses. (upm.es)

They are also linked to cell enlargement and cell wall changes induced by other plant hormones such as gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene and brassinosteroids. (wikipedia.org)
A greater understanding of such mechanisms, especially regarding the hormones and genetic pathways underlying their regulation, may facilitate the development of crops with greater resiliency against pathogens and insects while maintaining high yields. (usda.gov)
The hormones include strigolactones (SLs) and cytokinins (CKs), which are made throughout the plant and move upward from root to shoot. (europa.eu)
Cytokinins (a class of plant growth substances or plant hormones active in promoting cell division, and growth) together with nutrients aid natural plant defence mechanisms to resist many plant diseases and insect pests. (kaizenbonsai.com)
To begin defining exactly what plant growth regulators are we need to understand plant hormones, also known as phytohormones. (hightimes.com)
Plant hormones are natural to the plant kingdom and similarly to animal hormones, play major roles in a plants growth and development. (hightimes.com)
It is traditionally accepted that there are 5 major classes of natural plant hormones (endogenous) that play key roles in a plants life cycle. (hightimes.com)
In response to the signal transduction pathway (initiated by the presence of plant hormones or PGRs), repressor proteins for example are then broken down and the "stop breaks" are removed. (hightimes.com)
Cytokinins belong to one of the most important and well-known classes of plant hormones. (actanaturae.ru)
One theory suggests that music stimulates the release of growth-promoting hormones in plants, such as auxins and cytokinins. (musicrebound.com)
These hormones are responsible for various aspects of plant growth, including cell division, elongation, and differentiation. (musicrebound.com)
Plant hormones such as cytokinins (CK) are signaling molecules controlling gene expression and the activity of various biochemical pathways. (rutgers.edu)
Differential drought-induced regulation of plant hormones is a primary response to prevent cellular desiccation. (rutgers.edu)
Their continuous product improvement research has resulted in products containing not only specific plant nutrients, but also natural plant sugars that aid rapid entry and movement into and through plants, plus cytokinins: natural plant growth hormones extracted from seaweed, now stabilized for several years of shelf life. (stfc.org.au)
Cytokinins are essential plant hormones. (answerlib.org)
We focus on the plant hormones auxins and cytokinins. (cas.cz)
We aim to use our long-lasting experience with the biology of plant hormones to answer diverse questions relevant to RNA processing. (cas.cz)
Later, in the early 20th century, scientists identified auxins as the plant hormones responsible for phototropism. (wellbeingport.com)
They need these hormones to respond well to their environment and to sustain growth, development, and dispersal. (biologyonline.com)
Also, growth hormones by increasing rhyzogenesis and thus the nutrient uptake of rootstocks enhances plant growth. (ac.ir)
In order to investigate the effects of plant growth hormones and mycorrhizal fungi on the yield of potato plant, Agria cultivar, a factorial experiment with a randomized complete block design was performed under greenhouse conditions. (ac.ir)
Several plant hormones like abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, ethylene or salicylic acid have shown to be the key regulators of abiotic stress responses in roots. (upm.es)

Plant development is tightly regulated by phytohormones such as brassinosteroids, gibberellic acid, abscisic acid, and strigolactones. (frontiersin.org)
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a role in stresses that alter plant water status and may also regulate root gravitropism and hydrotropism. (nature.com)

The direct mode of action by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria includes the production of bacterial volatiles (stimulatory effects), auxins, cytokinins (phytohormones that lower ethylene levels in the plant), improvement of the plant nutrient status (liberation of phosphates and micronutrients from insoluble sources and non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation) and stimulation of disease-resistance mechanisms (induced systemic resistance). (grainsa.co.za)

The Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) and the woody plant medium (WPM) were used, enhanced with auxin and 1 mg·L −1 mT or 1 mg·L −1 BA. (mdpi.com)
Sustained bud activity appears to depend on the establishment of the export of a third hormone, auxin, from the bud into the main stem, where it joins the polar auxin transport stream down the plant to the roots. (europa.eu)
The shoot auxin transport system involves diverse transporters and mounting evidence suggests that different transporters are differentially sensitive to shoot branching regulatory signals, including auxin flux, cytokinin and strigolactone. (ens-lyon.fr)
Both auxin-dependent and auxin-independent mechanisms have been uncovered by which cytokinin stimulates the endocycle in roots . (answerlib.org)
We focus on the molecular mechanism of polar auxin transport and on the ways of its regulation. (cas.cz)
Polar auxin transport (PAT) is the process, in which plant hormone auxin is transported in a cell-to-cell manner. (cas.cz)
The reason why PAT plays a very important role in plant development is that it helps to establish auxin concentration gradients that subsequently regulate gene expression and also many other post-translational processes. (cas.cz)
A transient enhancement of auxin in relation to cytokinin levels induces root formation while the opposite shift results in shoot formation. (cas.cz)
We use a mathematical modelling approach to unravel mechanisms regulating the auxin and cytokinins' action in plants. (cas.cz)

Cytokinins are naturally occurring phytohormones that act in concert with auxins to regulate cell division and differentiation and thus efficiently control plant growth and development. (cas.cz)
Our research is focused on the metabolic regulation of intra- and extracellular levels of cytokinins and their cooperation with auxins and other phytohormones to understand cytokinin's physiological role in plants. (cas.cz)
Jasmonic and salicylic acids (JA and SA) are plant phytohormones that play key roles in resistance/tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses and interact with the other families of phytohormones to modulate growth and development. (omexcanada.com)
Produced by all plants, JA and SA are naturally occurring phytohormones derived from jasmin and weeping willow (Figure 1). (omexcanada.com)
Known as signaling phytohormones, they control pathways that allow plants to trigger defense responses against pathogens and pests and activate mechanisms of tolerance to abiotic stress. (omexcanada.com)

The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana contains around 26 different α-expansin genes and 6 β-expansin genes. (wikipedia.org)
The EnCoDe project used the model plant Arabidopsis to elucidate how this process is regulated and to understand its significance in natural populations. (europa.eu)
Shown is the RipL-expressing Arabidopsis plant, which displays general dampening of the transcriptional program during pathogen infection, grown in long-day conditions. (molcells.org)
In this talk titled "Microtubule dynamics: key modulator of plant development and cellular stress response", Juan Carlos will explain how the cytokinin hormone regulates the microtubule dynamics during the Arabidopsis root development and which components participate. (upv.es)
Modulating plant growth and thermotolerance in Arabidopsis. (upv.es)

The published data to the right (table 4) shows the microbes in EM and the plant growth regulators it produces. (emnz.com)
These are usually telltale signs that the cannabis may have been grown using plant growth regulators (PGRs) . (hightimes.com)
What are Plant Growth Regulators? (hightimes.com)
Also pesticides, enzymes, growth regulators and other material of natural origin with medicinal worth are discussed. (jinnah.edu)
Explain growth regulators, allergens, toxins and their mechanism of action. (jinnah.edu)
Besides the long-standing role of cytokinins (CKs) as growth regulators, their current positioning at the interface of development and stress responses is coming into recognition. (frontiersin.org)
Effects of growth regulators on morphogenesis, development and function of the photosynthetic apparatus of eggplant ( Solanum melongena L. (org.ua)
It was concluded that all the indicated positive changes under the action of growth regulators in the physiological parameters of the eggplant plants photosynthetic apparatus contribute to the fuller realization of their productivity potential. (org.ua)
Effect of various plant growth regulators on growth and yield of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). (org.ua)
My research program focuses on exploring mechanisms of turfgrass tolerance to abiotic stresses with emphasis on heat and drought stress and developing effective programs, such as use of plant growth regulators and biostimulants, to enhance turfgrass stress tolerance. (rutgers.edu)
The expectation of ensuring food security at multiple levels includes the introduction of new technologies, genetic manipulation of relevant genes along with application of growth regulators in the agricultural sectors. (mdpi.com)
Just a few mosses have been used to investigate the plant growth regulators influence on their development in vitro [e.g. (ashs.org)
Von Schwartzenberg (2009) reported bryophytes as interesting model systems in plant growth regulation research not only because they have simple organ structure, but also because they respond to many plant growth regulators. (ashs.org)

Here we examine the Hairy Sheath Frayed1 (Hsf1) maize mutant, which perceives an overabundance of cytokinin and also accumulates jasmonic acid (JA) to abnormally high levels. (usda.gov)

These bacteria may contribute to plant growth and health by assisting in nutrient uptake or by suppressing plant pathogens (Vejan et al. (springeropen.com)
2014 ). These enzymes play an important role in biodegradation, hydrolysis processes and induced systemic resistance, which decreases the iron content of pathogens and facilitates plant growth. (springeropen.com)
Invasion mechanisms of pathogens and counteracting defense mechanisms of plants are highly diverse and perpetually evolving. (molcells.org)
In this review, we summarize our current understanding of how pathogens manipulate host developmental processes and, conversely, of how plants deploy their developmental processes for self-protection. (molcells.org)
This occurs through outcompeting negative and disease inducing microbial species and also by antagonistic activities against soil borne plant root pathogens. (emnz.com)
Bacillus subtilis can colonize plant surfaces and produce antimicrobial compounds that suppress the growth and development of plant pathogens. (biologix.co.nz)
Bacillus subtilis produces a range of secondary metabolites that contribute to its efficacy against plant pathogens. (biologix.co.nz)
These include antibiotics, such as bacillomycin and iturin, which have broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against a range of plant pathogens, including fungi, bacteria, and nematodes. (biologix.co.nz)
In addition to its efficacy against plant pathogens, Bacillus subtilis has been shown to have positive effects on plant growth and development. (biologix.co.nz)
Moreover, Bacillus subtilis can also induce systemic resistance in plants, which enhances their natural defense mechanisms against pathogens. (biologix.co.nz)
Bacillus subtilis can be used in combination with other biological control agents to enhance its efficacy against plant pathogens. (biologix.co.nz)
Firstly, it can increase the diversity of antimicrobial compounds produced, which can enhance the spectrum of activity against a range of plant pathogens. (biologix.co.nz)
Pathogens affect plant health, which threaten sustainable agriculture. (grainsa.co.za)
Chemical fertilisers are known to kill pathogens and weeds and increase yields, but have detrimental side effects on plant and soil health. (grainsa.co.za)
Rhizobacteria can play a determining role in soil fertility, the suppression of pathogens and improvement of plant growth. (grainsa.co.za)
Find out how these mechanisms protect the plants from pathogens. (biologyonline.com)
JA also controls defense responses against pests and pathogens, as it is the signal molecule of the Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR) that allows plants to trigger their natural immunity against intruders (Figure 3). (omexcanada.com)
SA regulates several processes of a crop's growth and development: photosynthesis, transpiration, ion uptake and transport, and defense responses against pathogens. (omexcanada.com)
SA also modulates plant interactions with all three types of trophic pathogens - biotrophs, necrotrophs and hemibiotrophs. (omexcanada.com)

Thus, specific objectives related to the effect of elevated CK content in creeping bentgrass during drought stress on 1) whole-plant physiology 2) proteomic 3) metabolic and 4) genetic responses were evaluated. (rutgers.edu)
We will start by examining the anatomy and physiology of plant cells, including the specialized structures called photoreceptors that are responsible for detecting light. (wellbeingport.com)
They control many aspects of plant physiology, such as germination, stem elongation, and shade avoidance. (wellbeingport.com)

Expansins are a family of closely related nonenzymatic proteins found in the plant cell wall, with important roles in plant cell growth, fruit softening, abscission, emergence of root hairs, pollen tube invasion of the stigma and style, meristem function, and other developmental processes where cell wall loosening occurs. (wikipedia.org)
We conclude that root tropic responses to gravity and water are driven by distinct tissue-based mechanisms. (nature.com)
In addition, unlike its role in root gravitropism, the elongation zone performs a dual function during a hydrotropic response, both sensing a water potential gradient and subsequently undergoing differential growth. (nature.com)
Figure 3: Root growth and cortical endoreplication are induced by low levels of ABA. (nature.com)
2021) A genome-wide association study unravels cytokinin as a major component in the root defense responses against Ralstonia solanacearum. (oeaw.ac.at)
For example, plants growing with a limited supply of the key nutrient, nitrate, typically suppress shoot branching but protect root growth, prioritizing nutrient foraging in the soil. (europa.eu)
Plants can exhaust a fair amount of energy (that might otherwise have been used for growth, flowering, seed production or root development) scrounging the soil for mineral nutrients. (kaizenbonsai.com)
So a relatively small amount of plant nutrients, foliar-applied can result in a greater volume entering into the plant than is possible by root feeding alone. (kaizenbonsai.com)
Plant-associated bacteria ubiquitously inhabit the rhizosphere (soil-root interface), phyllosphere (aerial surfaces), and endosphere (inside of the plant tissues). (springeropen.com)
Clover species live together with root inhabiting bacteria that remove nitrogen from the air and make it available to the plants. (emnz.com)
Mycorrhizae fungi also increase the surface area associated with the plant root, which allows the plant to reach nutrients and water that otherwise might not be available. (emnz.com)
Similarly, another study conducted by the National Taiwan University discovered that plants exposed to music exhibited enhanced root growth and improved overall health. (musicrebound.com)
However, if too many root nodules are made it will adversely affect the growth of the plants, because the energy cost of maintaining excessive nodules is too large. (nibb.ac.jp)
Therefore legumes must have a mechanism to maintain the proper number of root nodules, but this system has been poorly understood. (nibb.ac.jp)
Graduate Student Takema Sasaki and Professor Masayoshi Kawaguchi of the National Institute for Basic Biology, a member institute of the National Institutes of Natural Sciences, in collaboration with RIKEN, have shown that cytokinins, a kind of plant hormone, play an important role in preserving proper root nodule numbers using the model plant Lotus japonicus . (nibb.ac.jp)
Turfgrasses are susceptible to drought damage and may exhibit symptoms of cellular water loss such as wilting, cessation of growth, and other cellular damages resulting in leaf and root senescence. (rutgers.edu)
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria promote the recycling of plant nutrients and maintenance of soil structure while increasing root size and root strength in plants. (grainsa.co.za)
During this time, he received an EMBO postdoctoral fellowship and was the principal investigator of an interdisciplinary project to investigate the hormonal regulation of the root growth. (upv.es)
Since 2020 he has been working in the group of Clara Sánchez-Rodríguez at ETH Zürich (Switzerland) where he is determining new cellular pathways and molecular components involved during biotic stress (fungi infection) response in plant root cells. (upv.es)
We combine live-cell imaging and cell biology approaches with omics data to reveal molecular mechanisms that underpin mechanoadaptation of epidermal root cells during directional root growth. (cas.cz)
We investigate how exogenous stimuli interfere with directional root growth correction by altering the flexibility of epidermal cell file rotation and the ability of controlled cell expansion in the root elongation zone. (cas.cz)
This helps to control plant diseases in tomato blight treatment and root rot treatment. (novobac.com)
Stimuter stimulates robust root development, ensuring strong and healthy plants. (keysmycrops.com)
In plants, the root is the first organ that get in contact with Cd. (unical.it)
Cd inhibits both the root and shoot growth, but the mechanisms underlying this inhibition remain elusive. (unical.it)
GFP cytokinin-sensitive sensor as relevant components of hormone circuit controlling shoot and root growth. (unical.it)
The results highlighted that the treatments with Cd impacts shoot and root size and shape by altering the paralogous WOX genes expression via cytokinin accumulation. (unical.it)
Anatomy and functions of different parts of flowering plants: Root, stem, leaf, inflorescence- cymose and racemose, flower, fruit, and seed (To be dealt with along with the relevant practical of the Practical Syllabus). (cbsedigitaleducation.com)

The main goals of the research described in this thesis were to evaluate mechanisms responsible for drought tolerance in turfgrasses by evaluating whole-plant, cellular, proteomic, metabolomic, genetic, and genomic regions associated with drought defense responses. (rutgers.edu)

2021) Nitric oxide coordinates growth, development, and stress response via histone modification and gene expression. (oeaw.ac.at)
2021) Molecular mechanisms of endomembrane trafficking in plants. (oeaw.ac.at)
Bradamante G, Mittelsten Scheid O, Incarbone M (2021) Under siege: virus control in plant meristems and progeny. (oeaw.ac.at)
2021) The EpiDiverse Plant Epigenome-Wide Association Studies (EWAS) Pipeline. (oeaw.ac.at)

Likewise, speed of absorption and use by foliar applications was immediate, whereas from soil applications absorption and plant use were both very slow, thus proving a major benefit of foliar feeding where a specific plant nutrient deficiency may exist, be it major or minor plant nutrient. (kaizenbonsai.com)
The reason that many plants suffer nutrient deficiencies is almost always due to growing media problems. (kaizenbonsai.com)
The reason for this is because most legumes have a symbiotic relationship with bacteria, called rhizobia, that can fix nitrogen in the air and then supply the host plant with ammonia as a nutrient. (nibb.ac.jp)
These systems involve mechanisms to sense nutrient abundance or stress conditions and to generate and transduce signals, which result in the modulation of transcription and translation profiles and subsequently of metabolism, leading to effective changes in growth and development. (cas.cz)

It was shown that treatment with growth stimulants: 1-naphthylacetic acid (1-NAA), gibberellic acid (GA3) and 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) increased the linear growth of plants while gibberellin inhibitors: chlormequat chloride (ССС-750), tebuconazole (EW-250) and esphon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid, 2-CEPA) decreased it. (org.ua)
Gibberellin inhibitors as well as growth stimulators 6-BAP and 1-NAA increased the specific weight of the leaf, while GA3 decreased or did not change it. (org.ua)

Tropic responses are differential growth mechanisms that roots use to explore the surrounding soil efficiently. (nature.com)
Comparing efficiency of plant use of foliar-fed nutrients versus soil-applied nutrients near roots, they found foliar feeding provided about 95 percent efficiency of use compared to about 10 percent of use from soil applications! (kaizenbonsai.com)
Non-nitrogen-fixing neighbouring plants benefit as well because nitrogen in clover is released into the soil due to leakage from the roots and breakdown of dead roots. (emnz.com)
This goes a long way to enhancing plant growth, and this added biological activity in the rhizosphere promotes nodulation in the clover roots, and increases symbiotic N fixation by clover plants. (emnz.com)
The plants create symbiotic organs called nodules in their roots. (nibb.ac.jp)
The rhizosphere (the 1 mm - 2 mm thick layer of soil surrounding plant roots) is the zone of maximum microbial activity where the majority of soil micro-organisms (bacteria and fungi) reside to utilise compounds released from crop roots for energy. (grainsa.co.za)
They live on or inside plant roots and their modes of action to enhance plant growth and reduce abiotic stresses may be direct or indirect. (grainsa.co.za)
Healthier roots help to produce stronger, more productive plants, which lead to increased agronomic activity and better yields. (grainsa.co.za)
Some, for drip irrigation to roots, improve plants without applying more nitrogen. (stfc.org.au)
These results suggest that cytokinins are an important regulatory factor of plant meristem activity and morphogenesis , with opposing roles in shoots and roots. (answerlib.org)
Roots adjust their growth continuously according to the everchanging conditions they experience while they are growing through the soil. (cas.cz)
The drench strain colonizes plant roots and generates antifungal compounds to protect them from fungal diseases. (novobac.com)

Production of PGR substances - EM has been shown to produce plant growth producing substances like auxins, cytokinins, enzymes, vitamins and gibberellin's. (emnz.com)
Discuss enzymes of plant and animal origin and their uses. (jinnah.edu)
Enzymes obtained from plant source. (jinnah.edu)
For example, the application of Bacillus subtilis has been shown to increase the activity of plant defense enzymes, such as peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase, in cucumber plants (Wu et al. (biologix.co.nz)
On the other hand, plant cells contain antioxidative compounds and enzymes to prevent this excessive ROS accumulation and balance the oxidative stress response. (upm.es)

Bingru Huang presents her study to turfgrass field attendants, demonstrating improved drought tolerance of creeping bentgrass by manipulating endogenous cytokinin synthesis of plant tissues. (rutgers.edu)

So far, two large families of expansin genes have been discovered in plants, named alpha-expansins (given the gene symbol EXPA) and beta-expansins (EXPB). (wikipedia.org)
Plants also have a small set of expansin-like genes (named EXLA and EXLB) whose function has not been established. (wikipedia.org)
In collaboration with the University of Hawai'i at Manoa, ARS scientists at the Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology in Gainesville, FL show that cytokinin hypersignalling promotes JA production by turning on genes for JA biosynthesis. (usda.gov)
Expression analysis revealed increased transcript accumulation of several JA pathway genes in the Hsf1 leaf growth zone. (usda.gov)
The wild plant species adapted to the Mongolian grassland environment may allow us to explore useful genes, as a source of unique genetic codes for crop improvement. (frontiersin.org)
When comparing the transcriptomes across developmental stages, we found an over-representation of genes involved in growth regulation in the early development stage in C. virgata . (frontiersin.org)
We discuss the possibility that C. virgata phytohormone signaling and biosynthesis genes regulate early germination and growth advantages. (frontiersin.org)
These proteins work as activators or repressors of growth-stimulating genes. (hightimes.com)
When a repressor is present, it stops the formation of growth-stimulating genes, in parallel activators start the transcription of growth-stimulating genes. (hightimes.com)
This allows the "car" to drive ahead and create growth-stimulating genes. (hightimes.com)
When growth stimulating genes are activated, cells begin to grow and increase in size. (hightimes.com)
The anthracnose fungicide induces various defense-related genes in plants toactivatedefense mechanisms against pathogenic fungi. (novobac.com)

Plant hormone interactions govern responses to internal and external stimuli. (usda.gov)
While most classical studies of plant defense have focused only on defense-specific factor-mediated responses, recent work is beginning to shed light on the involvement of non-stress signal components, especially growth and developmental processes. (molcells.org)
ABA also exists in the aquatic algal progenitors of land plants, but other than its involvement in stress responses, its physiological role in these microorganisms remains elusive. (nature.com)
In terrestrial plants ABA plays a role in seed dormancy and germination, stomatal movements and in other responses to numerous stresses that alter their water status 6 . (nature.com)
We research how the transport and metabolism of cytokinins affect their dynamic distribution in plants and what plant responses they trigger. (cas.cz)
The character of the individual responses depends on the type of stress, its strength, and duration, as well as on the physiological state of the plant, its developmental stage, and the strategy to cope with the particular stress. (cas.cz)
Then, we will delve into the complex biochemical pathways and signaling cascades that enable plants to translate light stimuli into directional growth responses. (wellbeingport.com)
Furthermore, the age and position of plant tissues can also affect their responsiveness to light signals, with younger tissues showing stronger phototropic responses than older ones. (wellbeingport.com)
Thus, plant responses to abiotic stresses also comprise different regulatory gene networks involving specific set of TFs. (upm.es)
Lastly, recent investigations have shown that epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in the regulation of abiotic stress responses. (upm.es)
As we have described, some of these acclimation responses are similar between stresses but plants can also trigger responses that are tailored to a particular stress combination. (upm.es)

Plants make extensive use of signal transduction pathways throughout their life. (hightimes.com)
We are especially interested in the study of pathways and mechanisms down-regulating cytokinin concentrations in plant cells. (cas.cz)
Plants have evolved complex acclimation mechanisms that start with the perception and transmission of the stress signals to the cellular machinery, the subsequent triggering of different signaling pathways and the final activation of an adaptive response. (upm.es)

Overall, physiological testing and genome analysis data provide comprehensive insights into plant growth-promoting mechanisms, suggesting the relevance of strain ATSA2 T in agricultural biotechnology. (springeropen.com)
These changes in RSA and functionality also affect the aerial parts of the plant, altering important physiological and developmental processes like stomatal conductance, photosynthesis or carbon allocation. (upm.es)

Cytokinin positively regulates cell division and also serves a key role in establishing organization within shoot stem cell centers. (answerlib.org)

Shoot branching is controlled by a network of interacting hormonal signals that move over long distances in the plant and regulate the activity of axillary buds, which can remain dormant or grow out to form branches. (europa.eu)

Thus, properly defining a role for ABA in a photosynthetic progenitor of land plants where water stress is not normally an issue, the green algae may give valuable insight into its other roles. (nature.com)
Effect of GA3, N and P ameliorate growth, seed and fibre yield by enhancing photosynthetic capacity and carbonic anhydrase activity of linseed. (org.ua)
Effects of cytokinin on photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, antioxidative system and carbohydrate accumulation in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under low light. (org.ua)

Expansins are also expressed in ripening fruit where they function in fruit softening, and in grass pollen, where they loosen stigmatic cell walls and aid pollen tube penetration of the stigmain germinating seeds for cell wall disassembly, in floral organs for their patterning, in developing nitrogen-fixing nodules in legumes, in abscessing leaves, in parasitic plants, and in 'resurrection' plants during their rehydration. (wikipedia.org)
It is the major source of nitrogen and improves pasture quality while also balancing the seasonal growth of grass species. (emnz.com)
Fix atmospheric nitrogen and solubilize phosphorus, making these nutrients available to plants. (novobac.com)

ABA loss of function mutants exhibit pleiotropic phenotypes and simply applying ABA to plants induces an immediate stress response. (nature.com)

The preprophase band (PPB) is a transient ring of microtubules that forms before mitosis in land plants, and delineates the cytokinetic division plane established at telophase. (silverchair.com)
As a result of this project, he proved that cytokinin modulates the microtubules dynamics also in animal cells, suggesting that this mechanism might be evolutionary conserved among different kingdoms. (upv.es)

We are using the regulation of shoot branching as a model system to investigate the mechanisms underlying this developmental plasticity. (ens-lyon.fr)
We suggest that the development of this response mechanism in motile algae may have been an important step in the evolution of terrestrial plants and that its retention therein strongly implicates ABA in the regulation of their relevant tropisms. (nature.com)
This demonstrated that the cytokinin hormone performs its action through a specific regulation of the cortical microtubule dynamics. (upv.es)

The table below shows the timing and overlap of the 5 major classes and their significance throughout the developmental stages of a Cannabis plants life. (hightimes.com)

Plants of all types are capable of absorbing nutrients and moisture through the stomata or pores within their foliage. (kaizenbonsai.com)
However for many years, horticulturists have debated the merit of foliar feeding of plant nutrients. (kaizenbonsai.com)
Dr. H.B. Tukey, renowned plant researcher and Head of Michigan State University's Department of Horticulture back in the 1950's, working with research colleague S.H. Wittwer at MSU, first proved conclusively that foliar feeding of plant nutrients really works. (kaizenbonsai.com)
Researching possible peaceful uses of atomic energy in agriculture, they used radio-active phosphorous and radio-potassium to spray plants, then measured with a Geiger counter, the absorption, movement and utilization of these and many other nutrients within plants. (kaizenbonsai.com)
They found plant nutrients moved at the rate of about one foot per hour to all parts of the plants. (kaizenbonsai.com)
The disadvantages of a low CEC obviously include the limited availability of mineral nutrients to the plant and the soil's inefficient ability to hold applied nutrients. (kaizenbonsai.com)
On the down side of course we are growing a plant in a very limited volume of soil that will be very quickly stripped of any inherent plant nutrients, hence our relative pre-occupation with "feeding" our trees. (kaizenbonsai.com)
Their continuous product improvement and research has resulted in products containing not only specific plant nutrients, but also natural plant sugars that aid rapid entry and movement into and through plants, plus cytokinins extracted from seaweed, now stabilized for several years of shelf life. (kaizenbonsai.com)
The microbes in EM help to mobilise nutrients and provide essential nutrients essential for clover growth through the recycling of organic matter in the soil. (emnz.com)
This increases the ability for the plant to access water and nutrients. (emnz.com)
Mycorrhizae essentially extend plant reach to water and nutrients, allowing plants to utilise more of the resources available in the soil. (emnz.com)
Another theory proposes that music enhances the absorption of nutrients by plants, leading to improved growth and development. (musicrebound.com)
With improvements in plant absorption technology, use of food-grade nutrients prevents plant absorption of heavy metals or other impurities that may be contained in non-food grade nutrients, and/or toxins that could become part of the fruits or vegetables that we would consume. (stfc.org.au)
For many years, horticulturists and agronomists have largely subscribed to the belief that foliar feeding of plant nutrients is an idea of dubious merit. (stfc.org.au)
A commonly held opinion is that foliar nutrients feeding is best employed only where a specific minor element deficiency may exist as determined by tissue test of plant foliage or leaf petioles. (stfc.org.au)
Together with nutrients, they aid natural plant defense mechanisms to resist many plant diseases and insect pests. (stfc.org.au)
I believe such products can help improve your soil and your plants' health for higher yields with lower pest control inputs and plant nutrients costs, based on my tests over the past year and ongoing at our farm. (stfc.org.au)
Remember, a relatively small amount of plant nutrients, foliar-applied, can replace a much greater amount that is soil-applied, and is immediately available to plants. (stfc.org.au)
The fungicide plant spray also helps to break down organic matter in the soil, making nutrients more available for plant uptake. (novobac.com)
Nutrients in the soil are essential to the proper growth of a land plant. (biologyonline.com)

Signal transduction : overview, receptors and G-proteins, specific signaling mechanism in bacteria and proteins. (iasexamportal.com)
There are two main types of photoreceptors in plants: blue-light receptors (cryptochromes and phototropins) and red/far-red light receptors (phytochromes). (wellbeingport.com)

Elevated CK content in the creeping bentgrass plants was achieved by drought induced expression of an ipt transgene encoding the enzyme adenine isopentenyltransferase promoting CK synthesis. (rutgers.edu)

2022 ). In addition, Enterobacter roggenkampii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been used to promote sugarcane growth, while the Burkholderia seminalis strain promotes the growth of some vegetables and crops (Guo et al. (springeropen.com)

These plants should be prepared for fast germination and growth activity in response to the limited summer rainfall. (frontiersin.org)
It germinated just 5 h after treatment for germination initiation and showed rapid growth, especially in its early and young development stages. (frontiersin.org)

Cell signaling in plant development usually involves a receptor (i.e. for a hormone or light molecule) and a signal transduction pathway, which concludes with a cellular response that is relevant to the plants development. (hightimes.com)
JA signaling to reduce the spread of disease and pests throughout the plant (source: Heil et al. (omexcanada.com)

By stimulating cell division , they regulate shoot meristem size, leaf primordia number, and leaf and shoot growth. (answerlib.org)

Plants show remarkable flexibility in their development, allowing them to adjust their form to suit the environmental conditions in which they are growing. (europa.eu)
This shift in focus links plant resistance more closely with growth and development. (molcells.org)
Discovered over half a century ago, cytokinins have retained the attention of researchers due to the variety of the effects they have on the growth and development of vegetable organisms, their participation in a plant adaptation to external conditions, and the potential to be used in biotechnology, agriculture, medicine and even cosmetics. (actanaturae.ru)
Can the power of music influence the growth and development of plants? (musicrebound.com)
Plants are exquisitely environmentally responsive, dynamically adjusting their growth and development according to the prevailing environmental conditions. (ens-lyon.fr)
An increased interest in plant growth promoting rhizobacteria indicate that there is a need for additional research and the development of research technologies in this field. (grainsa.co.za)
Cytokinins promote cell division and increase cell expansion during the proliferation and expansion stages of leaf cell development, respectively. (answerlib.org)
How does cytokinin is responsible for growth and development of plant? (answerlib.org)
How does cytokinin regulate the growth and development of plants? (answerlib.org)
We focus on the elucidation of plant defense mechanisms, with the aim to contribute to the development of effective strategies to enhance the stress tolerance of plants. (cas.cz)

Typically produced in the infected parts of the plant, SA is translocated systemically to alert the healthy parts. (omexcanada.com)

2023) Plants People Planet. (weizmann.ac.il)

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria are beneficial soil bacteria naturally present in the rhizosphere that enhance plant growth and reduce abiotic stresses through a variety of mechanisms. (grainsa.co.za)
Being sessile, a plant cannot move itself to a comfortable environment and has to face both biotic and abiotic stresses present in the environment. (mdpi.com)
On the other hand, abiotic stresses induce global transcriptomic reprogramming to adjust plant growth to the new environmental situation. (upm.es)
Moreover, two abiotic stresses that are occurring simultaneously can either aggravate or benefit plant survival and growth. (upm.es)
Understanding how crop tolerance mechanisms are adjusted to specific combinations of stresses is important to maintain yield stability under the variable environmental conditions driven by climate change. (upm.es)

To analyze the regulatory mechanism involved in the high growth potential of C. virgata , we performed RNA-seq-based transcriptome analysis and illustrated a comprehensive gene expression map of the species. (frontiersin.org)
They all have regulatory functions and can either inhibit or increase cellular growth and activity. (hightimes.com)

Within the complexity of multicellular, multi-organ, terrestrial plants it has proved difficult experimentally to isolate the many potential roles of ABA away from its major stress-related role in preventing water loss. (nature.com)

Cellular therapy of liver pathologies is a complex multistage process requiring a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms occurring in liver cells during differentiation and regeneration. (actanaturae.ru)
An analysis of the current cellular therapy for liver pathologies is presented, the use of various cell types is described, the main molecular mechanisms of hepatocyte differentiation are analyzed, and the challenges and prospects of cell therapy for liver disorders are discussed in this review. (actanaturae.ru)

It appeared that plants found ways to adapt a two-component signal transduction system borrowed from prokaryotic organisms for cytokinin signalling. (actanaturae.ru)

Some micro-organisms present in the rhizosphere appear to have no direct consequence on plant growth while others are deleterious and some beneficial to plant growth. (grainsa.co.za)

Using the semidominant Hairy Sheath Frayed1 (Hsf1) maize mutant, that hypersignals the perception of cytokinin (CK), we show that CK can reduce leaf size and growth rate by decreasing cell division. (usda.gov)
In general, a tropic response can be divided into several steps, comprising perception, signal transduction and differential growth. (nature.com)
This review covers the recent advances in research of the molecular basis for the perception and transduction of the cytokinin signal. (actanaturae.ru)

This study also noted that proteins related to YOAJ were found in diverse species of plant pathogenic bacteria, but not in related bacteria that did not attack or colonize plants, thus suggesting that these bacterial expansins have a role in plant-microbe interactions. (wikipedia.org)
2019), bacterial wilt in tomato plants (Ghazijahani et al. (biologix.co.nz)
During the Bacillus subtilis biofilm growth on the solid MSgg substrate, the biofilm exhibits highly ordered structures such as matrix-producing-cell chains and Van Gogh bundles due to bacterial orientation order. (bvsalud.org)
Combining the results of a coarse-grained and individual-based model, we can control the biofilm growth through regulating environmental friction, bacterial growth rate and adhesion between cells. (bvsalud.org)

While plants can communicate through chemical signals and other mechanisms, there is limited evidence to suggest that they communicate through music. (musicrebound.com)
In this article, we will explore the physical basis of the phototropic response, delving into the intricate mechanisms that allow plants to perceive, interpret, and act upon light signals. (wellbeingport.com)
This discovery led to further research into how light signals are detected and integrated within plants. (wellbeingport.com)
Unlike animals, plants are immobile but do have the capacity to send warning signals from one part of the plant to another, or even from one plant to another through gaseous cues and molecules (Figure 2). (omexcanada.com)
JA and SA are two of the main messengers and signals that are triggered by plants in periods of abiotic or biotic stress. (omexcanada.com)
Plants perceive, integrate and respond to stress signals differently according to the nature of the combined interaction. (upm.es)

Plants have been shown to respond positively to various environmental stimuli, including light, temperature, and even touch. (musicrebound.com)

In bonsai cultivation it is a fairly simple task, upon re-potting, to improve our soil characteristics and raise the CEC of the soil in order to help the plant to thrive. (kaizenbonsai.com)
2016 ). Indirect mechanisms promote plant growth through the inhibition of phytopathogens, for example, via inhibition of soil-borne fungi, bacteria, and nematodes through the production of antimicrobial metabolites or siderophores (Fu et al. (springeropen.com)
Metabolites like polysaccharides produced by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria change the soil structure, and have a positive effect on plants grown during water stress. (grainsa.co.za)
Degrades pesticides, herbicides, and petroleum hydrocarbons, which makes the fungicide plant spray beneficial for contaminated soil bioremediation. (novobac.com)
This allows the fungus to establish a strong relationship with the plant and provide maximum protection against soil-borne diseases. (novobac.com)

Auxins promote cell elongation in plants, causing the stem to bend towards the light source. (wellbeingport.com)

Although the exact mechanisms behind this phenomenon remain unclear, several studies have provided compelling evidence that music can indeed have a positive impact on plant growth. (musicrebound.com)

Cytokinin, known for its role in stimulating cell division, is an important regulator of plant shape and size. (usda.gov)
Plant Growth Regulator (PGRs): Weed on Steroids? (hightimes.com)
Is cytokinin a growth regulator? (answerlib.org)
Which hormone is known as growth regulator? (answerlib.org)

Improvement of the drought stress tolerance of plants is necessary due to the widespread incidence of drought damage to crop species. (rutgers.edu)

The researchers hypothesized that the vibrations and harmonious frequencies produced by classical music positively influenced the plants' growth. (musicrebound.com)

Plant-water relation, membrance transport and translocation of water and solutes. (iasexamportal.com)

This reduces the population of pathogenic fungi and promotes plant growth. (novobac.com)

This indicates its high growth potential compared to grass crops such as rice and wheat. (frontiersin.org)
Endophytes can facilitate the improvement of plant growth and health in agriculturally important crops, yet their genomes and secondary metabolites remain largely unexplored. (springeropen.com)
One understudied opportunity is using feral crops-plants that have escaped and persisted without cultivation-as a source of genetic diversity, which could build resilience in domesticated conspecifics. (weizmann.ac.il)
In some cases, however, feral plants vigorously compete with crops as weeds, challenging food security. (weizmann.ac.il)

Some proteins in bacteria and fungi are known to have distant sequence similarity to plant expansins. (wikipedia.org)
The use of beneficial bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis, has been suggested as a promising alternative approach to plant disease control. (biologix.co.nz)
Numerous associations between plants and beneficial bacteria show a protective response under restrictive environmental conditions such as drought. (grainsa.co.za)

Anatomy23

Organisms31

Chemicals and Drugs31

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment3

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes30

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture14

Information Science4

Health Care5

Gibberellins6

Hormones22

Abscisic2

Ethylene1

Auxin9

Phytohormones5

Arabidopsis5

Regulators13

Jasmonic acid1

Pathogens19

Physiology3

Root28

Defense Responses1

20214

Nutrient4

Gibberellin2

Roots12

Enzymes5

Endogenous1

Genes12

Responses11

Pathways3

Physiological2

Regulates1

Axillary buds1

Photosynthetic3

Nitrogen3

Induces1

Microtubules2

Regulation3

Developmental1

Nutrients20

Receptors2

Creeping bentgrass1

20221

Germination2

Signaling2

Meristem size1

Development10

Systemically1

20231

Stresses5

Regulatory2

Roles1

Molecular mechanisms2

Prokaryotic1

Organisms1

Perception3

Bacterial4

Signals6

Stimuli1

Soil5

Elongation1

Remain unclear1

Regulator4

Tolerance1

Positively1

Translocation1

Promotes1

Crops4

Bacteria3