Mechanisms cellular junctions cell cycle. Medical search. Frequent questions

Myoepithelium plays an important role in mammary gland development, but less is known about the molecular mechanism underlying how myoepithelium controls acinus differentiation during gestation. (bvsalud.org)
Mechanistically, Kindlin-2 depletion in myoepithelial cells promotes Stat3 activation and upregulates Dll1, which activates the Notch pathway in luminal cells and inhibits luminal progenitor differentiation and maturation during gestation. (bvsalud.org)
The pathways involved in cellular differentiation or transformation are Smad, Rho proteins, and PI3-kinase. (molvis.org)
In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in other tasks, such as signaling , cellular differentiation , and cell death , as well as maintaining control of the cell cycle and cell growth . (wikipedia.org)
Homeostatic epidermal stem cell self-renewal is driven by local differentiation. (ucsf.edu)
In this Review, we briefly outline the roles that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone play in regulating spermatogenesis and describe our current understanding of how vitamin A regulates germ cell differentiation and how it may lead to the generation of both the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium and the spermatogenic wave. (jci.org)
and the unique differentiation of haploid cells (spermiogenesis) (Figure 1 ). (jci.org)
IL-21 regulates Th17 cell homeostasis enhances the differentiation of storage B cells and antibody-secreting plasma cells and promotes the maintenance of Compact disc8+ T-cell replies. (bio2009.org)
However, a major unresolved question is how each cell regulates the precise number of its motile cilia during differentiation. (elifesciences.org)

This is mainly achieved by its dual role as structural component of cadherin-based adherens junctions, and as a key nuclear effector of the Wnt pathway. (unich.it)

The present work introduces a computational implementation of some principles of a theory of organism development, namely that the default state of cells is proliferation and motility, and includes the principle of variation and organization by closure of constraints. (nature.com)
In the present model, the bioelectric context of cells and tissue is the field responsible for organization, as it regulates cell proliferation and the level of communication driving the system's evolution. (nature.com)
Starting from a depolarized (proliferative) cell, the organism grows to a certain size, limited by the increasingly polarized state after successive proliferation events. (nature.com)
Previous researches completed by our team have also demonstrated that resveratrol inhibits the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate a number of physiological and pathological processes, including gene transcription and translation, chromatin modification, cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, and oncogenic and tumor-suppressive signals in cancer 6 . (researchsquare.com)
Uncontrolled cell proliferation leads to increased risk of genetic instability. (ghise-ioan.ro)
miR-139-5p overexpression inhibited CRC cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro , sensitized tumors to chemotherapy, and impaired tumor growth and metastasis in vivo . (thno.org)
In vitro studies based on MCF-7 cell proliferation and induction of vitellogenin in primary culture of rainbow trout hepatocytes. (cdc.gov)

Tight junctions (TJs) located at the apical lateral region of adjacent intestinal epithelial cells are largely responsible for regulating the intestinal mucosal barrier. (ecco-ibd.eu)
Extensive research on thymic epithelial cells (TEC) within the cortex and medulla has defined their essential roles during T-cell development. (frontiersin.org)
Arguably, the most recognized and well-studied stromal populations in thymus biology are thymic epithelial cells (TEC) within the cortical and medullary areas, which are defined by their anatomical separation and function. (frontiersin.org)
Cortical epithelial cells (cTEC) support the earliest thymocyte progenitor populations, guiding them through the cortex, directing them to a T-cell lineage fate and ensuring their functional qualities as self-MHC restricted cells through the process of positive selection ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
Medullary epithelial cells (mTEC), in conjunction with dendritic cells, then take over control of developing thymocytes. (frontiersin.org)
The virus infects basal epithelial cells of stratified squamous epithelium. (ghise-ioan.ro)
Schematic low risk hpv cause cancer of the HPV double-stranded circular DNA genome Journal of Virology Nov HPV integration into the host genome and Papillomavirus life low risk hpv cause cancer To establish infection, the virus must infect basal epithelial cells of stratified squamous epithelium, that are long lived or have stem cell-like properties. (ghise-ioan.ro)
Studies of viral attachment to cultured gastrointestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2) using recombinant virus-like particles or infectious noroviruses indicate that specific histo-blood group antigens play a key role in the attachment of the virus to the host cells ( 13 - 17 ). (cdc.gov)
This phase involves the restitution of cell polarity and tight junction integrity in sublethally injured cells, removal of dead cells by apoptosis, removal of intratubular casts by reestablishment of tubular fluid flow, and regeneration of lost renal epithelial cells. (medscape.com)

To address our goals we use several model systems such as giant reticular spinal axon in lamprey, Drosophila neuromuscular junction, and mammalian neurons, in combination with molecular biology, genetics, cellular imaging techniques, and intracellular recordings. (ki.se)
This group focuses on the cell biology of normal and tumor cells and how these differences can explain tumor progression and possibly identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention. (actrec.gov.in)
Nature Cell Biology 20, 979-989. (ucsf.edu)
Directed cell migration is one of the earliest observations in cell biology, dating back to the late XIX century. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
To understand the mechanism of how RVs appear in plasma during therapy, we sought to molecularly clone these viruses, and then study their biology in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
Frontiers in cell and developmental biology. (lu.se)
While some researchers apply epidemiological models to animal data, others only look into molecular and cellular biology. (cdc.gov)
It is evident that a linear-quadratic formula has no place in describing DNA damage caused by low dose radiation, but it is less clear that we should try to develop formulas rooted in molecular and cellular biology instead. (cdc.gov)

Interacting with various low risk hpv cause cancer proteins, E6 and E7 influence fundamental cellular functions like cell cycle regulation, telomere maintenance, susceptibility to apoptosis, intercellular adhesion and regulation of immune responses. (ghise-ioan.ro)
The activation of p53 can lead to either cell cycle arrest and DNA repair, or apoptosis. (bio2009.org)
Organic solvent-induced proximal tubular cell apoptosis via caspase-9 activation. (cdc.gov)

Gene ontology annotation revealed a number of critical signalling pathways that were differentially expressed in cells treated with LA, including biological processes involved in establishment of cell polarity, molecular functions that regulate junctional structures, and cellular components associated with epithelial repair (cell leading edge, ruffle and apical junctional complex). (ecco-ibd.eu)
These gradients are supposed to represent important bioelectrical cues during oogenesis, e.g., by serving as electrochemical prepatterns in modifying cell polarity and cytoskeletal organisation. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we reconstructed Par-dependent polarity using non-polarized Drosophila S2 cells expressing all three components endogenously in the cytoplasm. (elifesciences.org)
Thus, this reconstruction system provides an experimental paradigm to study features of the assembly process and structure of Par-dependent cell-autonomous polarity. (elifesciences.org)
We used Drosophila Schneider cells (S2 cells) of mesodermal origin, as host cells for cell-autonomous reconstruction of cell polarity ( Schneider, 1972 ). (elifesciences.org)

We are aiming at characterizing the signaling mechanisms that regulate the liquid-liquid phase transitions in the synaptic vesicle cycle, mitochondrial functions, and degradation pathways at nerve terminals to clarify how do they become affected at the early stages of neurodegenerative diseases and which molecular steps lead to protein aggregate formation. (ki.se)
Then, next-generation RNA sequencing was employed to assess cellular regulatory pathways. (ecco-ibd.eu)
To further identify the potential signaling pathways after the knockdown of LINC00958 in Ishikawa cells, we performed the KEGG and GO analyses (Figure 2). (researchsquare.com)
Although both PC-dependent and deuterosome-dependent pathways have been known for decades, the molecular mechanisms that govern the two pathways and their relative contributions to the total complement of centrioles has remained enigmatic. (elifesciences.org)
KRAS mutation disrupted the miR-139-5p/Wnt signaling reciprocal negative feedback mechanism, which might cause miR-139-5p downregulation and derepression of oncogenic signaling pathways and EMT. (thno.org)

The readily releasable pool are docked to the cell membrane, making these the first group of vesicles to be released on stimulation. (wikipedia.org)
The recycling pool is proximate to the cell membrane, and tend to be cycled at moderate stimulation, so that the rate of vesicle release is the same as, or lower than, the rate of vesicle formation. (wikipedia.org)
Liquid-liquid phase separation in cells has emerged as a common principle for the organization of membrane-less compartments. (ki.se)
ZO-1 is a protein located on a cytoplasmic membrane surface of intercellular tight junctions. (thermofisher.com)
Nervous system:Cellular neurophysiology Resting membrane potential. (uninsubria.eu)
Mitochondria have a double membrane structure and use aerobic respiration to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used throughout the cell as a source of chemical energy . (wikipedia.org)
A loss of mitochondrial mass and membrane potential was also assessed by fluorescent probes in sh beta cat cells with respect to the controls. (unich.it)
The Drosophila follicle-cell epithelium provides an appropriate model system for studying the potential role of electrochemical signals, like intracellular pH (pH i ) and membrane potential (V mem ), during development. (biomedcentral.com)
Each node of Ranvier is flanked by paranodes, where the myelin sheath attaches to the cell membrane. (thephilosophyforum.com)
Because a neuron is more porous to K+ than Na+, sodium-potassium pumps are located throughout the cell membrane, helping to restore ion concentrations of the resting potential by a constant ferrying of two K+ ions into the cell accompanied by three Na+ ions out of the cell. (thephilosophyforum.com)
Importantly, we observed that loss of N-myristoylation resulted in greatly reduced infectivity of assembled mature virus particles, characterized by significantly reduced host cell entry and a decline in membrane fusion activity of progeny virus. (cdc.gov)
This single cell layer of keratinocytes is attached to the basement membrane via hemidesmosomes. (medscape.com)

Carcinogenesis is introduced through a localized event (a spot of depolarized cells) or by random depolarization of cells in the tissue, which returns cells to their initial proliferative state. (nature.com)
This simplified model of embryogenesis, tissue organization and carcinogenesis, based on non-excitable cells' bioelectric properties, can be made more realistic with the introduction of other components, like biochemical fields and mechanical interactions, which are fundamental for a more faithful representation of reality. (nature.com)
An organism's growth and transformation during its life cycle is a tremendously complex succession of processes and events but even a simplistic and limited theory, dealing with only the general trend and generating a broad vision of tissue organization, can drive specific studies and experiments to further inform this field of research. (nature.com)
ZO-2 and ZO-3 are ubiquitously expressed within epithelial tight junctions, and unlike ZO-1, which is also expressed at cell junctions of cardiac myocytes, ZO-2 is not expressed in nonepithelial tissue. (thermofisher.com)
The number of mitochondria in a cell can vary widely by organism , tissue , and cell type. (wikipedia.org)
To study cell and tissue dynamics we develop new technologies to measure physical forces at the cell-cell and cell-matrix interface. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
By combining these technologies with computational analysis of cell shape and velocity we obtain a full experimental characterization of epithelial dynamics during tissue growth, wound healing and cancer cell invasion. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Surprisingly, some cells in the tissue barely stretch, while others become 'superstretched', increasing their area more than ten times. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
My lab integrates traditional and single-nuclei RNA sequencing to elucidate transcriptome-wide changes to RNA metabolism in clinically relevant post-mortem brain tissue and human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) models of neurological disease including ALS and autism. (ed.ac.uk)
The cell- or tissue source of the corresponding viruses (i.e. (biomedcentral.com)

Description of acidosis and fixed and respiratory alkalosis Respiratory and renal regulation of blood pH.Energy metabolism:Energy sources: alattacid, glycolytic and aerobic lactate mechanism. (uninsubria.eu)
Our data highlight a role of beta-catenin in the regulation of metabolism and energy homeostasis in breast cancer cells. (unich.it)
These results demonstrate distinct patterns of spontaneous [Ca 2+ ] i change in cortical precursor cells and raise the possibility that these dynamics may contribute to the regulation of neurogenesis. (jneurosci.org)
By contrast, at a cellular "global" level PKA plays a major role downstream β1AR and results in an increase in LTCC current.Conclusions:Regulation of the LTCC activity by proximity coupling mechanisms occurs only via β2AR, but not β1AR. (imperial.ac.uk)
The structure, regulation, and cell types of the mouse testis. (jci.org)

While the mechanism for directional metastasis is unknown, the bone microenvironment provides a fertile soil for breast cancer cells to colonize and grow. (jefferson.edu)
The results of the present study provide novel insights into the molecular mechanism of action of LA on the protection of TJ integrity in anoxic injury, an IBD microenvironment and the potential for a more broad use in important digestive diseases such as IBD. (ecco-ibd.eu)
Both processes are the result of a complex interaction between tumor cells and their microenvironment. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
One of our main lines of research is to study how tumours exploit the functions of non-cancer cells in their microenvironment to invade and metastasize. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
They create a specialized microenvironment to support the germ cell development especially through the formation of the blood-testis barrier (BTB). (biomedcentral.com)

Our current interest is in the molecular mechanisms, which link the synaptic vesicle cycle with the onset of neurodegenerative diseases and primerily under conditions that lead to α-synuclein-related pathologies observed in Parkinson's disease, as well as in several diseases referred to as synucleinopathies. (ki.se)
Thus, there is a critical need for elucidating the molecular mechanisms facilitating breast cancer dormancy and reactivation in the bone such that preventative therapeutics can be developed. (jefferson.edu)

Also known as taxis, directed cell migration has been commonly associated with chemotaxis, i.e. the ability of a broad variety of cell types to migrate following gradients of chemical factors. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
This new migration mode emerges only in cell collectives and, strikingly, does not require isolated cells to exhibit gradient sensing. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
While adult lymphoid progenitor cells are produced by the bone marrow, their lineage commitment and development into mature T-cells is dependent on their migration into the thymus, where essential interactions with heterogeneous thymic stromal cells take place ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
During this time, precursor cells undergo interkinetic nuclear migration ( Seymour and Berry, 1975 ) in which cells in the DNA synthetic S phase have their nuclei in the upper third of the VZ. (jneurosci.org)

[10] Mitochondrial biogenesis is in turn temporally coordinated with these cellular processes. (wikipedia.org)
β-Catenin Knockdown Affects Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Lipid Metabolism in Breast Cancer Cells. (unich.it)
These data are consistent with the reduced expression of transcriptional factors regulating mitochondrial biogenesis detected in sh beta cat cells. (unich.it)

In addition, these proteins can also associate with claudin, occludin and F-actin, at tight junction stands, where they provide a linkage between the actin cytoskeleton and the tight junction. (thermofisher.com)
As shown by examination of semi-thin and ultrathin sections, cell surface occupied by the basal ES connecting neighboring Sertoli cells and the number of gap and tight junctions coexisting with the basal ES were apparently reduced in flutamide-treated rats. (biomedcentral.com)
its structural components include not only tight junctions (TJs), but also gap junctions (GJs) and atypical adherens junctional complexes - ectoplasmic specialization (ES) [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

beta-catenin plays an important role as regulatory hub in several cellular processes including cell adhesion, metabolism, and epithelial mesenchymal transition. (unich.it)
The KEGG and GO analyses indicated 'Human T − cell leukemia virus 1 infection' and 'Hippo signaling pathway' were the main affected biological processes. (researchsquare.com)
These genes and biological processes may help understand the mechanism for inhibiting LINC00958 in cancers. (researchsquare.com)
Students will learn the basic notions of cellular and molecular pathology, and the pathologic processes at the basis of multicellular degeneration, inflammation and tumor development. (uninsubria.eu)
Cellular polarization is fundamental for various biological processes. (elifesciences.org)
Polarization is a fundamental cellular property that plays a vital role in various biological processes in multi-cellular as well as single-cell organisms. (elifesciences.org)
Cell polarization involving the Par-complex in situ is linked to various other processes. (elifesciences.org)
Because of such association between Par-dependent polarization and other processes, the Par-complex exhibits different behavioral characteristics in an individual context, making it difficult to determine general features of the dynamic process taking place during cell polarization by the Par-complex. (elifesciences.org)

An Endocytic Scaffolding Protein together with Synapsin Regulates Synaptic Vesicle Clustering in the Drosophila Neuromuscular Junction. (ki.se)
A Single-Cell Transcriptome Atlas of the Aging Drosophila Brain. (ucsf.edu)
Babatz, F., Naffin, E., and Klämbt, C. The Drosophila Blood-Brain Barrier Adapts to Cell Growth by Unfolding of Pre-existing Septate Junctions. (ucsf.edu)
Our data show that in the Drosophila follicle-cell epithelium stage-specific pH i - and V mem -gradients develop which result from the activity of several ion-transport mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)

Data generated in Dr. Bussard's laboratory suggest that osteoblasts form gap junctions with metastasis-suppressed breast cancer cells, which may contribute to cellular crosstalk between the two cell types. (jefferson.edu)
Cancer cell invasion and metastasis remain the leading cause of death in patients with cancer. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
For example, increased expression of LINC00958 attributes to cell metastasis in gastric cancer 7 . (researchsquare.com)
The roles of miR-139-5p in CRC cells with and without KRAS mutation were determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, flow cytometry and transwell assays in vitro and by tumorigenesis and metastasis assays in vivo . (thno.org)

Research in Dr. Bussard's laboratory utilizes both 2D and 3D in-vitro cell culture models, high-end fluorescence microscopy, novel humanized mouse models of tumor development, and implantable hydrogel biomaterial scaffolds to examine interactions between cancer cells and the host stroma, with a focus on bone metastatic breast cancer. (jefferson.edu)
In this study, we have attempted to characterize these viruses of an ART-treated patient in vitro in order to gain insights into the mechanism of their production in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
Recently, the first in vitro norovirus cell culture model was reported for a virus that infects mice ( 18 , 19 ). (cdc.gov)

Vesicles are essential for propagating nerve impulses between neurons and are constantly recreated by the cell. (wikipedia.org)
We study the molecular and biophysical mechanisms underlying and regulating vesicle trafficking in neurons and in particular in their axons and presynaptic nerve terminals. (ki.se)
Although spontaneous changes of [Ca 2+ ] i have been examined in immature cortical neurons, the calcium dynamics of cortical precursor cells have received less attention. (jneurosci.org)
Immunohistochemical staining confirmed that these events occurred primarily in precursor cells rather than in postmitotic neurons. (jneurosci.org)

Immunoreceptor signaling during development, homeostasis, and effector function of T cells and NK cells. (upstate.edu)

The laboratories of Dr. Bhattacharyya and Dr. Dalal study the biogenesis and size and copy control mechanisms of organelles such as the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, the nucleus, the centrosome and the cell-cell adhesion junction the desmosome. (actrec.gov.in)

The objectives of these studies are to provide novel insights into how the cell regulates organelle size and number, how these mechanisms are altered in tumor cells and the subsequent consequences for tumor progression. (actrec.gov.in)
The laboratories of Dr. Teni and Dr. Dalal study therapy resistance in oral, cervical and colorectal cancers with an emphasis on how tumor cells acquire resistance to radiation and commonly used chemotherapeutic agents and determining whether these can serve as targets for therapeutic intervention or prognostic markers that can predict the choice of therapy. (actrec.gov.in)
Metastatic lesions are thought to originate from disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) shed from a primary tumor. (jefferson.edu)
In parallel, 2) research in Dr. Bussard's laboratory intends to elucidate the molecular basis of crosstalk between tumor cells and the host stroma, with a focus on understanding alterations in bone osteoblasts, that create a permissible environment for metastatic cancer cell colonization and survival. (jefferson.edu)

Using five genetically modified mouse lines combined with single-cell RNA sequencing, we found a Kindlin-2-Stat3-Dll1 signaling cascade in myoepithelial cells that inactivates Notch signaling in luminal cells and consequently drives luminal progenitor commitment to alveolar cells identity. (bvsalud.org)
Early progenitor cells, which are designated A spermatogonia in the mouse and A- dark spermatogonia in humans, are defined as "undifferentiated. (jci.org)
Undifferentiated spermatogonia divide mitotically to both repopulate the testicular stem cell population and provide progenitor cells that undergo spermatogenesis. (jci.org)
Airway progenitor cells contain two parental centrioles (PC) and form structures called deuterosomes that nucleate centrioles during amplification. (elifesciences.org)

The studies on checkpoint control have identified a mechanism by which entry into mitosis is regulated in response to incomplete DNA replication and DNA damage and the identification of a potential target for therapeutic intervention. (actrec.gov.in)
When cells pass from S to G 2 , the nuclei migrate toward the VZ surface where mitosis occurs. (jneurosci.org)
After mitosis, daughter cells can either remain proliferative and re-enter the cell cycle or become terminally postmitotic and migrate out of the VZ ( McConnell, 1995 ). (jneurosci.org)
C ) Expansion of both the undifferentiated (A spermatogonia) and differentiated (A1 spermatogonia) spermatogonial populations occurs by mitosis of these cell types, regulated in part by FSH. (jci.org)

Ventricular pressure and volume during the cardiac cycle. (uninsubria.eu)
Using an intact cortical mantle and confocal laser microscopy, we examined the spatiotemporal patterns of spontaneous [Ca 2+ ] i fluctuations in neocortical ventricular zone (VZ) cells in situ . (jneurosci.org)
When imaging near the ventricular surface, synchronous spontaneous [Ca 2+ ] i increases were frequently observed in pairs of adjacent cells. (jneurosci.org)

Many proteins on synaptic vesicles and at release sites have been identified, however none of the identified protein interactions between the vesicle proteins and release site proteins can account for the docking phase of the cycle. (wikipedia.org)
The role of the protein Mcl-1 in regulating the cellular response to DNA damage has resulted in the determination that drugs targeting Mcl-1 might serve as therapeutics in oral cancer. (actrec.gov.in)
A combination treatment of Simvastatin (Simva) and Temozolomide (TMZ) inhibits autophagy flux and induces unfolded protein response (UPR) in GBM cells (U251, U87). (mdpi.com)
TCDD for every step of the mechanism described for 2,3,7,8-TCDD carcinogenesis in humans including receptor binding, gene expression, protein activity changes, cellular replication, oxidative stress, promotion in initiation-promotion studies and complete carcinogenesis in laboratory animals. (who.int)
Present study was designed to establish a causal connection between changes in the cell-cell junction protein expression at the blood-testis barrier and alterations in the adult rat testis histology following an anti-androgen flutamide exposure. (biomedcentral.com)
Particular emphasis was placed on the basal ectoplasmic specialization (ES) in the seminiferous epithelium and expression of gap junction protein, connexin 43 (Cx43). (biomedcentral.com)
We aim to study the coupling between LTCC and β adrenergic receptors in different cardiomyocyte microdomains, the distinct involvement of PKA and CAMKII (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) and explore how this functional complex is disrupted in heart failure.Methods:Global signaling between LTCCs and β adrenergic receptors was assessed with whole-cell current recordings and western blot analysis. (imperial.ac.uk)

Several HPV types, especially high-risk types (HPV-HR), mediate squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) development that may progress to cervical cancer through several mechanisms such as keratinocytes malignant transformation, however many other factors contribute to the disease progression, such as tobacco use, long-duration oral contraceptive use and multiparity [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

1) identify microRNA, proteins, and novel mediators that facilitate cancer cell dissemination to bone, including mediators of cancer cell arrival and localization, as well as delineate conditions that orchestrate proliferative quiescence and cancer cell re-activation in bone. (jefferson.edu)
Dr. Bussard has found that breast cancer cells cause osteoblasts to alter their production of matrix proteins, and increase their production of a set of inflammatory cytokines: IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and VEGF that mediate breast cancer cell maintenance and survival. (jefferson.edu)
For this dual role, different classes of proteins are differentially regulated via beta-catenin dependent mechanisms. (unich.it)
Here, we applied a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach to identify proteins modulated after beta-catenin knockdown in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7. (unich.it)
We used a label free analysis to compare trypsin-digested proteins from CTR (shCTR) and beta-catenin knockout cells (sh beta cat). (unich.it)
In detail, proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism and tricarboxylic acid cycle were found to be down-regulated, whereas proteins associated to lipid metabolism were found up-regulated in sh beta cat compared to shCTR. (unich.it)
We have recently shown that the replication of rhinovirus, poliovirus and foot-and-mouth disease virus requires the co-translational N-myristoylation of viral proteins by human host cell N-myristoyltransferases (NMTs), and is inhibited by treatment with IMP-1088, an ultrapotent small molecule NMT inhibitor. (cdc.gov)

The system reaches homeostasis, with a depolarized core (proliferative cells) surrounded by a rim of polarized cells (non-proliferative in this condition). (nature.com)
This theory would deal with the way an organism spontaneously grows from a single cell to a complete and complex organism, introducing organization at the different development stages and homeostasis for a mature organism. (nature.com)
Beauty is only skin deep: An elegant mechanism of epidermal homeostasis. (ucsf.edu)

Modulation of intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) may be part of the signaling pathway by which both local environmental factors and cell autonomous developmental programs influence corticogenesis. (jneurosci.org)

Neuromuscular Junction. (uninsubria.eu)
Symptoms range from a purely ocular form to weakness of the limb, bulbar and respiratory muscles, which are attributed to the unique pathophysiology of impaired neuromuscular transmission, which produces a dynamic disorder governed by the cycle of neuromuscular junction (NMJ) repair. (medscape.com)

Acute solvent exposure induced activation of cytochrome P4502E1 causes proximal tubular cell necrosis by oxidative stress. (cdc.gov)

An IPSP (inhibitory postsynaptic potential) from Cl- influx through its channels at the base of dendrites can block signal transmission, but if cumulative EPSPs from dendrites are strong enough to overcome Cl- blockage and traverse the soma, a signal reaches the axon hillock at the junction of axon and soma. (thephilosophyforum.com)
The majority of an axon is internodal space, with K+ leakage channels that let this ion back into the cell (Figure 2). (thephilosophyforum.com)

The laboratories of Dr. Dalal, Dr. Hasan and Dr. Teni study cell cycle progression and checkpoint control. (actrec.gov.in)

Some cells in some multicellular organisms lack mitochondria (for example, mature mammalian red blood cells ). (wikipedia.org)

Define RNA metabolism changes in direct context of human neuropathology: Molecules and networks are characterised at region, cell and pseudotemporal resolution. (ed.ac.uk)
Mechanistically dissect key RNA metabolism changes causing neural cell dysfunction: Our priorities are to understand the cause and consequence of dysregulated splicing events, and to identify intrinsic master regulators driving transcriptome-wide signatures of neurological disease. (ed.ac.uk)

Microtrauma of the suprabasal epidermal cells enables the virus to infect the cell within the low risk hpv cause cancer layer. (ghise-ioan.ro)

The actin cytoskeleton can be seen in green, coated with active myosin (ppMLC) in red, and the cell-cell junctions (E-cadherin) in blue. (ibecbarcelona.eu)

In addition to intrathymic selection, and during this medullary residency period, CD4 + and CD8 + single positive (CD4SP, CD8SP) thymocytes acquire the ability to proliferate in response to TCR stimulation, and undergo licensing for cytokine production, prior to exiting the thymus to join the peripheral T-cell pool as Recent Thymus Emigrants (RTE) ( 5 , 6 ). (frontiersin.org)

Despite the nomenclature, frank necrosis of tubule cells is relatively inconspicuous in ischemic ATN, whereas it can be more extensive in heavy metal-induced nephrotoxic ATN. (medscape.com)

Significantly, there are additional non-epithelial stromal cells (NES) that exist alongside TEC within thymic microenvironments, including multiple subsets of mesenchymal and endothelial cells. (frontiersin.org)
Broadly separated into mesenchymal and endothelial cells, NES have been implicated in thymus organogenesis, thymocyte development, tolerance induction and development/maintenance of epithelial stroma. (frontiersin.org)

p53 plays a major role in the cellular response to DNA damage and other genomic aberrations. (bio2009.org)

These microenvironments are classically defined as distinct cortex and medulla regions that each contain specialized subsets of stromal cells. (frontiersin.org)
While many studies have demonstrated the importance of cTEC and mTEC during T-cell development, thymic stromal microenvironments also contain heterogenous non-epithelial stromal (NES) populations in a similar manner to that seen in peripheral lymphoid tissues. (frontiersin.org)
The CXCL12 gene is located on long arm of chromosome 10 and was first cloned from a bone marrow-derived stromal cell line and then, identified as pre-B cell growth stimulating factor [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

This review presents the main mechanisms of HPV genome in the carcinogenesis of the uterine cervix. (ghise-ioan.ro)
To this day, many low dose radiation carcinogenesis studies assume that the probability that one cell of a multicellular organism will acquire multiple mutations transforming it into cancer and the ability of that cancer to thrive can be described by a curve plotted against an axis that shows total radiation dose. (cdc.gov)

Cell-free residual HIV-1 virions (RVs) persist in plasma below 20-50 vRNA copies/ml in most patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). (biomedcentral.com)
Inhibition of vaccinia virus L1 N-myristoylation by the host N-myristoyltransferase inhibitor IMP-1088 generates non-infectious virions defective in cell entry. (cdc.gov)

Glial cells are primarily produced in a second germinal zone, the subventricular zone that is located superficially to the VZ. (jneurosci.org)
The mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of ARDS are complex and are primarily under clinical investigation. (ceufast.com)
The epidermis is derived primarily from surface ectoderm but is colonized by pigment-containing melanocytes of neural crest origin, antigen-processing Langerhans cells of bone marrow origin, and pressure-sensing Merkel cells of neural crest origin. (medscape.com)
Melanocytes, derived from neural crest cells, primarily function to produce a pigment, melanin, which absorbs radiant energy from the sun and protects the skin from the harmful effects of UV radiation. (medscape.com)

Once inside the host cell, HPV DNA replicates as the basal cells differentiate and progress to the surface of the epithelium. (ghise-ioan.ro)
Seminiferous epithelium of both groups of rats displayed normal histology without any loss of germ cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In the testis, Sertoli cells serve as supporting cells and reside as a basal epithelial lining within the seminiferous epithelium. (biomedcentral.com)
These changes over time and distance are designated the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium and the spermatogenic wave, respectively. (jci.org)
Representative models of differentiated human intestinal epithelium can be established by growing cells in 3 dimensions (3-D) on collagen-I-coated porous microcarrier beads in rotating-wall vessel (RWV) bioreactors that model the physiologic fluid-shear environment in their respective organs ( 21 - 24 ). (cdc.gov)

Cellular morphology, time-lapse imaging, and nuclear staining demonstrated that this activity occurred in mitotically active cells. (jneurosci.org)
Each round spermatid then undergoes dramatic changes in its cellular morphology (spermiogenesis) to form first an elongating spermatid and finally a spermatozoon. (jci.org)

Here, multi-omics analysis was conducted to characterize the biological function and mechanisms of citrus flavonoids in modulating the hindgut microbiome of dairy cows fed a high-starch diet. (bvsalud.org)
Testosterone is essential for male fertility, mediating its biological effects through the androgen receptor (AR) present in somatic Leydig, peritubular, and Sertoli cells. (biomedcentral.com)

HFD significantly increased the numbers of monocyte-derived IBA1+, CD163+, and CD11c+ cells (P (bvsalud.org)
Single-cell profiling revealed that Kindlin-2 loss significantly reduces the proportion of matured alveolar cells. (bvsalud.org)
Pre-treatment of anoxic injured C2BBe1cells with 10 mM LA significantly increased TEER as compared with untreated anoxic injured cells. (ecco-ibd.eu)
miR-139-5p was significantly downregulated in KRAS-mutated CRC cells and tissues compared with their wild-type counterparts. (thno.org)
Data from long concluded experiments with moderate and high doses of radiation delivered by internal emitters were significantly re-interpreted because the length of the cell cycle was used as one of the variables in the analysis. (cdc.gov)

Preformed Ω-profile closure and kiss-and-run mediate endocytosis and diverse endocytic modes in neuroendocrine chromaffin cells. (ki.se)
Combined, these data suggest that there is extensive crosstalk between osteoblasts and disseminated cancer cells in bone, and highlights the importance of investigating osteoblasts as key players which mediate cancer cell proliferative quiescence in bone. (jefferson.edu)

be classified into subsets including Th1 Th2 Th17 T follicular helper (Tfh) and regulatory (Treg) cells predicated on their cytokine profile and/or features.8 Pathogenic HIV/SIV infections of human beings and RMs are connected with key perturbations from the relative percentage of the various CD4+ T-cell subsets. (bio2009.org)

Vesicular transporters move neurotransmitters from the cells' cytoplasm into the synaptic vesicles. (wikipedia.org)
The events of the synaptic vesicle cycle can be divided into a few key steps: 1. (wikipedia.org)
3. Docking The loaded synaptic vesicles must dock near release sites, however docking is a step of the cycle that we know little about. (wikipedia.org)
Most Na+ ions are located outside the cell, K+ ions inside the cell, and Ca2+ ions at the synaptic cleft, maintaining concentration gradients for selective diffusion when ion channels open. (thephilosophyforum.com)

0.01), which could be associated with Leydig cell hypertrophy. (biomedcentral.com)

Our results demonstrate that the highly differentiated 3-D cell culture model can support the natural growth of human noroviruses, whereas previous attempts that used differentiated monolayer cultures failed. (cdc.gov)

Where researchers once struggled to connect events at static timepoints, imaging tools now offer the ability to visualize the dynamic form and function of molecules, cells, tissues, and whole embryos throughout the entire developmental process. (cshlpress.com)
Developmental Cell 47, 697-710.e3. (ucsf.edu)

Interestingly, bundles of aligned and uniformly spaced collagen fibrils were more prevalent in keratocytes in Y-27632-treated corneas, which is reminiscent of fibripositor-like structures that have been proposed as a mechanism of matrix deposition in embryonic connective tissues. (molvis.org)
Self-assembly of embryonic and two extra-embryonic stem cell types into gastrulating embryo-like structures. (ucsf.edu)
Organoids from many organs have now been obtained from embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells and organ progenitors. (ibecbarcelona.eu)

We have developed optogenetic tools based on controlling the activity of endogenous RhoA to upregulate or downregulate cell contractility and to control cell shape and mechanotransduction. (ibecbarcelona.eu)

Pathologically, ATN is characterized by varying degrees of tubule cell damage (see Pathophysiology) and by cell death that usually results from prolonged renal ischemia, nephrotoxins, or sepsis. (medscape.com)

Further techniques are organized by the level of visualization they provide, from cells to tissues and organs to whole embryos. (cshlpress.com)

Anatomy21

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Chemicals and Drugs72

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment15

Phenomena and Processes55

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Differentiation9

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