• A recent study on aging in Drosophila melanogaster by Helfand's group provides support for this position: They suggested a Sir2-dependent model for CR-mediated lifespan extension in Drosophila . (the-scientist.com)
  • Drosophila melanogaster , the fruit fly, expresses both forms of striated muscle and benefits greatly from powerful genetic tools. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Here, we propose to use a transgenic animal model system, Drosophila melanogaster (the fruit fly), to define the mechanisms by which mutations in various thin filament components lead to human cardiac disease. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Using a transgenic model system, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, we will produce models of human myosin-based muscle disease (distal arthrogryposis) and heart disease (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) to determine the molecular defects that cause abnormal skeletal and cardiac muscle function. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • 2/ Drosophila melanogaster as a model for the cellular immunology of phagocytes, and a tool for genome wide quantitative screens for the control of cytokine production by phagocytes. (cerclefser.org)
  • We have used Drosophila melanogaster (a.k.a, fruit fly) eye as our model organ as 75% of genetic machinery is conserved between fruit flies and humans and have identified defective proventriculus (dve, a Homeobox gene), an ortholog of SATB-homeobox-1 (special AT-rich sequence binding protein-1 in humans), as a new member of DV- patterning genes hierarchy. (udayton.edu)
  • One of the most significant studies on genetics in the twentieth century involved the use of Drosophila melanogaster . (entomologytoday.org)
  • Drosophila melanogaster dendritic arborization (da) neurons have emerged as an exceptional model for miRNA studies. (gmu.edu)
  • The role of Notch signaling was investigated by analyzing 37 midline-expressed genes in Notch pathway mutant and misexpression embryos. (biologists.com)
  • To study the role of these genes in ciliogenesis, I have developed an experimental platform in Drosophila and showed, using genetic tools, that a subgroup of these genes encodes components of a ciliary transport pathway unique to cilia. (utoledo.edu)
  • A) Suppression of nud mutants by extra copies of the nudE and nudF6 genes. (xenbase.org)
  • The indicated mutants (all are conditional, temperature sensitive) were transformed with either the empty vector pAid or pAid clones bearing nudE and nudF6 genes (plasmids recovered in the multicopy suppressor screen) and grown at 32°C. Transformants were gridded on YAG plates with or without KCl and incubated at 43°C or 32°C for 2 d. (xenbase.org)
  • Lab work will include survival analysis using wild-type and mutant fly stocks, antimicrobial peptide gene expression using RT-qPCR or reporter genes, methods to infect flies. (epfl.ch)
  • All animals are composed of distinct body parts and organs, many of which are specified by particular combinations of `selector' genes that control cell and tissue behavior by regulating downstream `realisator' genes( Garcia-Bellido, 1975 ). (biologists.com)
  • All of these selector genes are initially activated in small, discrete groups of founder cells, and their states of expression, whether `on' or `off', are then stably inherited in descendent cells that constitute the compartment. (biologists.com)
  • In Drosophila males, meiotic prophase lasts 3.5 days, during which spermatocytes upregulate of over 1800 genes and grow 25-fold. (stanford.edu)
  • APA naturally occurs during development and cellular differentiation, with around 70% of human genes displaying APA in particular tissues and cell types. (stanford.edu)
  • We identified >500 Drosophila genes that express mRNA isoforms with a long 3' UTR in proliferating spermatogonia but a short 3' UTR in differentiating spermatocytes due to APA. (stanford.edu)
  • Loss-of-function mutants highlight the requirement for knox genes in shoot function. (grassius.org)
  • Drosophila genes expressed specifically in all motoneurons have not been described, although a growing number of genes are known to be expressed in subsets of motoneurons. (jneurosci.org)
  • Thus, vertebrate HB9/MNR2 genes are expressed specifically in somatic motoneurons and are essential for distinguishing motoneuron/interneuron cell types. (jneurosci.org)
  • If these genes are mutant, it is not the mutant cells which are overgrowing. (umassmed.edu)
  • Following completion of the Drosophila genome sequence, we carried out comprehensive BLAST searches to annotate it with respect to apoptosis, and found sequence homologues of virtually all mammalian cell death genes with the exception of death receptors. (caltech.edu)
  • The only Drosophila cell death genes for which mammalian homologues have not been identified are the cell death activators Rpr, Hid, and Grim. (caltech.edu)
  • From our mutant screen, we identified a group of dar (dendritic arborization reduction) genes. (ucsf.edu)
  • We estimate that there may be a total of about 20 dar genes in Drosophila. (ucsf.edu)
  • Differentially expressed candidate genes for ageing previously identified in the human blood transcriptome up-regulated in PP cows were mainly associated with T-cell function ( CCR7 , CD27 , IL7R , CAMK4 , CD28 ), mitochondrial ribosomal proteins ( MRPS27 , MRPS9 , MRPS31 ), and DNA replication and repair ( WRN ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The analysis of both authentic Dorsal target genes and defined synthetic promoters suggests that the ectopic gradient is sufficient to generate the full repertory of DV patterning responses along the AP axis of the embryo. (sdbonline.org)
  • Mutations in genes like human-Fused in Sarcoma (h-FUS) or cabeza (caz) in Drosophila, have been known to cause ALS in flies. (udayton.edu)
  • The study of how transcriptional control and cell signaling influence neurons and glia to acquire their differentiated properties is fundamental to understanding CNS development and function. (biologists.com)
  • For example, neurons tend to express mRNAs with long 3'UTRs due to preferential processing at PASs more distal than other PASs used in other cell types. (stanford.edu)
  • First, the embryo and neurectoderm are patterned by secreted factors, which establish cell fates among progenitors and then differentiated neurons, encoded by combinations of transcription factors. (wiringthebrain.com)
  • It is well known that many neurons require retrograde neurotrophic support from their target cells to stay alive. (wiringthebrain.com)
  • Olfactory Neurons and Brain Centers Directing Oviposition Decisions in Drosophila. (bordeaux-neurocampus.fr)
  • Similar to the majority of vertebrate neurons, the Drosophila da neurons show clear dendrite vs. axon polarity including the orientations of microtubules (MT). It is well known from numerous studies in various organisms that MT cytoskeleton plays a major role for the proper establishment and maintenance of neuronal architecture. (ucsf.edu)
  • We recently found that Golgi outposts serve this role in the dendrites of Drosophila da neurons. (ucsf.edu)
  • For example, in the Drosophila PNS, the Zn-finger containing protein Hamlet functions as a binary switch between the elaborate multiple dendrite morphology of da neurons and the single, un-branched dendrite morphology of external sensory (es) neurons. (ucsf.edu)
  • Another focus of this study is to employ Drosophila eye model to study Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of upper and lower motor neurons in central nervous system with no known cure to-date. (udayton.edu)
  • Although Drosophila chimeras had previously been produced, mammalian chimeras were not successful until Mintz developed a reliable technique for the production of embryonic fusions. (asu.edu)
  • These results strongly circumscribe the possible mechanisms of PINK1 action in the mitochondrial life cycle and also raise the possibility that mitochondrial turnover events that occur in cultured embryonic axons might be restricted to the cell body in vivo, in the intact nervous system. (sdbonline.org)
  • Cell cycle regulation by MicroRNAs in embryonic stem cells. (ca.gov)
  • DGCR8 is essential for microRNA biogenesis and silencing of embryonic stem cell self-renewal. (ca.gov)
  • Embryonic stem cell-specific microRNAs regulate the G1-S transition and promote rapid proliferation. (ca.gov)
  • miRNA-mediated gene regulation has been implicated across numerous species and in a wide variety of tissues with functional role in diverse biological processes including embryonic development, stem cell division, germline specification, neuronal morphogenesis and cancer. (gmu.edu)
  • Asymmetric MP daughter cell fates also depend on Notch signaling. (biologists.com)
  • Cell polarization is essential during gastrulation, driving asymmetric cell division, cell movements, and cell shape changes. (nature.com)
  • The finding that gastrulation-induced forces are required for asymmetric localization of an important and evolutionarily conserved spindle orientation factor, Pins, will be of broad interest to cell and developmental biologists. (elifesciences.org)
  • Asymmetric cell divisions, in which cellular components, such as existing adherens junctions, are distributed unequally to daughter cells can result in one daughter cell leaving the epithelium. (elifesciences.org)
  • In Drosophila neuroblasts, asymmetric division and spindle orientation is dependent on Pins/LGN recruitment to the apical cortex. (elifesciences.org)
  • GSCs typically undergo asymmetric self-renewing divisions, producing one daughter stem cell that remains associated with the cap cell niche and a second daughter that is displaced away from the niche and as a result differentiates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Drosophila neuroblast asymmetric cell division: recent advances and implications for stem cell biology. (ca.gov)
  • numb functions as a cell fate determinant during asymmetric cell division. (ucsf.edu)
  • Numb provided a starting point for the study of asymmetric cell division in Drosophila and vertebrates and led to considerable insight into the molecular basis of asymmetric cell division. (ucsf.edu)
  • The in(side) & outs(ide) of asymmetric stem cell division. (colorado.edu)
  • Cell polarity controls orientated cell division, cell shape changes, as well as cell movement. (nature.com)
  • Disrupting Pins polarity via overexpression of a myristoylated version of Pins caused randomized division angles. (elifesciences.org)
  • Adherens junctions (AJs) are thought to be key landmarks for establishing epithelial cell polarity, but the origin of epithelial polarity in Drosophila remains unclear. (rupress.org)
  • Thus, we examined epithelial polarity establishment during early Drosophila development. (rupress.org)
  • In particular, epithelial cell polarity is critical for the development, remodeling, and maintenance of epithelial structure. (rupress.org)
  • Indeed, loss of epithelial cell polarity is associated with tumor development and metastasis. (rupress.org)
  • We show that MDCK cells silenced for the polarity gene scribble ( scrib KD ) are hypersensitive to compaction, that interaction with wild-type cells causes their compaction and that crowding is sufficient for scrib KD cell elimination. (nature.com)
  • It has recently been reported that Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells silenced for the polarity gene scribble ( scrib KD cells) are eliminated in the presence of wild-type MDCK cells 23 , while they are viable on their own 23 . (nature.com)
  • However, STK38 the distribution of CSF resident proteins, as well as the flow of the CSF, may also influence ciliary orientation and maturing ependymal cell polarity (Mirzadeh et al. (inhibitorkits.com)
  • When two embryos are correctly joined before the 32-cell stage, the embryo will develop normally and exhibit a mosaic pattern of cells as an adult. (asu.edu)
  • The adult cows with similar antigens were found to have two different populations of red blood cells suggesting that the precursors of the red blood cells, hematopoietic stem cells, were transferred from one twin to the other during development. (asu.edu)
  • This cell contained all the information to create an adult made of trillions of cells. (utoledo.edu)
  • Most of these adult cells must have two structures known as the centrioles, which are essential for building the cell's antenna (the cilium) and skeleton (cytoskeleton) as well as for accurate cell division. (utoledo.edu)
  • Twenty years following Schofield's seminal publication, Xie and Spradling provided compelling experimental evidence that a cellular niche supports the maintenance of germline stem cells (GSCs) in the Drosophila adult ovary [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although Igf2 availability decreased in adult CSF (Figures 3C and S3B), Igf2 continued to be expressed in adult choroid plexus (data not shown) and maintained adult neurospheres ( Figure 4I), suggesting that low levels of CSF Igf2 contribute to the maintenance of adult neural stem cells. (inhibitorkits.com)
  • For example, much of the fuselage of the adult Drosophila thorax as well as the wing derives from a single `wing' imaginal disc. (biologists.com)
  • Developmentally regulated alternate 3' end cleavage of nascent transcripts controls dynamic changes in protein expression in an adult stem cell lineage. (stanford.edu)
  • Importantly, a recent study suggests that the influence of this interplay also extends to the maintenance of cell fate in the adult nervous system. (wiringthebrain.com)
  • Heart muscle cells die en masse after injury, yet the adult mammalian heart retains little capacity to regenerate them. (natureasia.com)
  • Entomological model organisms have even taught us some of the underlying mechanisms that animals use to develop from fertilized eggs to their adult bodies. (entomologytoday.org)
  • The furry ( fry ) gene encodes an evolutionarily conserved protein with a wide variety of cellular functions, including cell polarization and morphogenesis in invertebrates. (nature.com)
  • The embryo of the frog Xenopus laevis is widely used as a model of cell polarization, migration, and morphogenesis due to its unique experimental advantages. (nature.com)
  • We started with the earliest steps in neural development (neurogenesis and neuronal cell fate specification) and gradually worked our way toward later steps (neuronal morphogenesis and the assembly of a functional neuronal circuit). (ucsf.edu)
  • Cell competition shape mammalian morphogenesis - Ellis et al. (colorado.edu)
  • Notch signaling also promoted midline glial and median neuroblast cell fate. (biologists.com)
  • Students will learn how to use Drosophila to dissect host-pathogen interactions. (epfl.ch)
  • Evolution of host/pathogen interactions, molecular mechanisms of pathogen tissue tropism, the role of temperature in pathogen growth and clearance, and innate immune defense. (sdsu.edu)
  • The starting point for this work was the lab's 2011 Current Biology paper showing that when columnar cells packed in an epithelium divided, their upper (apical) end briefly ballooned out to allow the cell's nucleus to move into that region. (stowers.org)
  • In other words, if you pointed a tiny camera in your gut toward dividing epithelial cells of its lining, you would "see" the mitotic spindle looking like a symmetrical web, exactly like it did in your high school biology textbook. (stowers.org)
  • The concept of the cellular niche represents one of the central paradigms in stem cell biology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We are interested in basic mechanisms of striated muscle biology. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Although widespread, the role of APA in the biology of cells, tissues, and organisms has been controversial. (stanford.edu)
  • Using a combination of cell culture models, molecular biology approaches, and in vivo modeling, the Lewis lab is characterizing the roles of novel factors involved in tumor dissemination. (umassmed.edu)
  • Their research projects emphasize molecular cell biology but they derive from the analysis and clinical behavior of carcinomas. (umassmed.edu)
  • Cancer biology/molecular oncology, tumor heterogeneity and phenotypic diversity in cancer cell populations, cancer stem cells/tumor-initiating cells, drug resistance and growth signaling pathways. (sdsu.edu)
  • An important question in developmental biology is how any three-dimensional organ develops from single monolayer sheet of cells. (udayton.edu)
  • Improved understanding of the pathology of histiocytic disorders requires knowledge of the origins, biology, and physiology of the cells involved. (medscape.com)
  • Here, we identify and characterize the single Drosophila ortholog of the HB9/MNR2 gene family. (jneurosci.org)
  • 1.1/ Characterize the functions of 'patrolling' monocytes in mouse and human In this part of our work, they aim i) to characterize the molecular mechanisms that control the adherence to endothelium and the crawling behavior of monocytes that 'patrol' the blood vessels in mice, ii) to understand their functions in steady state, during vascular inflammation, and in models of atherosclerosis, lupus nephritis, and arthritis. (cerclefser.org)
  • To characterize the function of dve (member of DV patterning pathway) during development, we looked for its interacting partners and found that it interacts antagonistically with Hippo signaling to regulate optimum levels of expression of their common downstream target, Wg, to specify eye versus head fate, during growth and patterning in developing eye. (udayton.edu)
  • To further characterize the role of miR-279 , we conducted cell autonomous MARCM clonal analyses on miR-279 mutants which revealed concomitant reductions in overall growth and branching, but significant increases in branch density. (gmu.edu)
  • Here, we focus on the Drosophila ovarian germline stem cell niche and review recent studies that have begun to reveal how intricate crosstalk between various signaling pathways regulates stem cell maintenance, how the extracellular matrix modulates the signaling output of the niche and how epigenetic programming influences cell development and function both inside and outside the niche to ensure proper tissue homeostasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • fluid apparently regulates the microenvironment of hematopoietic stem cells, where Igf signaling regulates progenitor proliferation (Orkin and Zon, 2008 and Zhang and Lodish, 2004). (inhibitorkits.com)
  • Indian hedgehog regulates intestinal stem cell fate through epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during development. (ca.gov)
  • These data, combined with the inability of dBruce to block death induced by the apical caspase Dronc or the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family member Debcl/Drob-1/dBorg-1/Dbok, suggest that dBruce regulates cell death at a novel point. (caltech.edu)
  • The Mononuclear Phagocyte System (MPS) is a group of cells with crucial functions in our immune system: it mediates and regulates inflammation. (cerclefser.org)
  • Monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells are a family of cells collectively referred to as the 'mononuclear phagocyte system' (MPS) that mediates and regulates inflammation. (cerclefser.org)
  • 4 But when the scientists eliminated both Sir2 and Fob1, a DNA-binding protein known to induce recombination and promote production of the extrachromosomal rDNA circles that cause aging in yeast, CR increased lifespan to the same extent that it does in wild-type cells. (the-scientist.com)
  • The Pink1/parkin pathway plays a role in the quality control mechanism aimed at eliminating defective mitochondria, and the failure of this mechanism results in a reduced lifespan and impaired locomotor ability, among other phenotypes. (sdbonline.org)
  • They are a critical mediator of the inflammatory response, which is a powerful mechanism to control proliferation of microorganisms, but that also -unfortunately- damages host tissues and contribute in the long term to many features of ageing and to cardiovascular and neurological diseases that decrease quality of life and shorten our lifespan. (cerclefser.org)
  • A previous study has already shown that increasing expression of a gene called Parkin can extend drosophila lifespan by up to 25% and maintains them in better health for longer by increasing mitophagy. (gowinglife.com)
  • Identification of E2/E3 ubiquitinating enzymes and caspase activity regulating Drosophila sensory neuron dendrite pruning. (ca.gov)
  • Interestingly, dBruce mutant males are sterile, but a lack of increased caspase activity in these mutants suggests that dBruce may also play nonapoptotic roles. (caltech.edu)
  • miR-294/miR-302 Promotes Proliferation, Suppresses G1-S Restriction Point, and Inhibits ESC Differentiation through Separable Mechanisms. (ca.gov)
  • Drosophila CIAPIN1 homologue is required for follicle cell proliferation and survival. (nih.gov)
  • A number of studies have shown that incoming axons can regulate the proliferation and differentiation of their synaptic target cells. (wiringthebrain.com)
  • Moreover, both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that knockdown of NAP1L5 suppressed the proliferation of PDAC cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our findings indicate that NAP1L5 overexpression promotes the proliferation of PDAC cells by inhibiting PHLPP1 expression. (bvsalud.org)
  • Instead, the mutant cells influence the behavior of neighboring wild-type (non-mutant) cells and promote their proliferation and increased apoptotic resistance, causing non-autonomous overgrowth. (umassmed.edu)
  • However, it is not only a powerful mechanism to control proliferation of microorganisms, it also -unfortunately- damages host tissues and contributes in the long term to many features of ageing and to cardiovascular and neurological diseases. (cerclefser.org)
  • Each category of histiocytosis can be traced to reactive or neoplastic proliferation in one of these cell lineages. (medscape.com)
  • Dlx1 and Dlx2 control neuronal versus oligodendroglial cell fate acquisition in the developing forebrain. (ca.gov)
  • In the fly visual system, for example, photoreceptor axons target the developing optic lobe and secrete the morphogen hedgehog, which induces optic lobe progenitor cells to complete a final cell division and undergo neuronal differentiation (Huang and Kunes, 1996). (wiringthebrain.com)
  • A study from Drosophila (Eade and Allan, 2009) suggests that retrograde signals, in this case involving bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, may also be required to maintain expression of neuronal phenotype in connecting cells, demonstrated through an effect on expression of a specific neuropeptide. (wiringthebrain.com)
  • Yuh Nung Jan is interested in the basic mechanisms that control diversity of neuronal morphology, dendrite development and neuronal circuitry formation. (ucsf.edu)
  • The Drosophila CNS midline cells are an excellent system for studying these issues because they consist of a small population of diverse cells with well-defined gene expression profiles. (biologists.com)
  • here, we use a combination of single-cell gene expression mapping and time-lapse imaging to identify individual MPs, their locations, movements and stereotyped patterns of division. (biologists.com)
  • It also hints at a surprising way that cells initiate a gene expression program seen in invasive cancers when that process goes awry. (stowers.org)
  • Gene expression patterns of human colon tops and basal crypts and BMP antagonists as intestinal stem cell niche factors. (ca.gov)
  • Defining the transcriptional mechanisms of heart and skeletal muscle development and disease, using Drosophila as the model system. (sdsu.edu)
  • In symmetric epithelial cell divisions, spindle orientation also depends on Pins, which is recruited to the lateral cortex by the lateral domain protein, Discs large (Dlg). (elifesciences.org)
  • Understanding the mechanisms underlying protein folding and trafficking may contribute to the large-scale, therapy-based production of target proteins. (bioquicknews.com)
  • In many cell lineages, the conditional role of Notch signaling is integrated with the autonomous action of the Numb protein, a Notch pathway antagonist. (silverchair.com)
  • The seemingly odd names given to these factors decades ago reflect what biologists saw in fly mutants lacking each protein. (stowers.org)
  • Finally, the video describes some of the many ways in which yeast cells are put to work in modern scientific research, including protein purification and the study of DNA repair mechanisms and other cellular processes related to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. (jove.com)
  • Cell-type-specific interacting proteins collaborate to regulate the timing of Cyclin B protein expression in male meiotic prophase. (stanford.edu)
  • Previous work showed that the cell cycle regulator Cyclin B (CycB) is subject to translational repression in immature spermatocytes, mediated by the RNA-binding protein Rbp4 and its partner Fest. (stanford.edu)
  • When they decreased levels of mitofusin (a protein present on the outer membrane involved with mitochondrial division) and increased levels of a gene called ATPIF1, they further lowered levels of corrupt mtDNA. (gowinglife.com)
  • The cells that lie along the midline of the Drosophila CNS provide a useful system for the comprehensive study of neurogenesis and gliogenesis. (biologists.com)
  • Motoneurons are an essential component of all metazoan nervous systems, but it is unknown whether there is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for generating motoneurons during neurogenesis. (jneurosci.org)
  • Our work is addressing how epithelial tissues maintain structural integrity, even during the extreme events of cell division. (stowers.org)
  • Initially, the group did not observe such dire consequences: Gibson says that delaminating cells generally "fall out of the epithelium" and are killed off by apoptosis, a mechanism healthy tissues use to eradicate damaged cells. (stowers.org)
  • Without the self-renewing capacity of stem cells, these tissues quickly cease to function properly, leading to various conditions including infertility, anemia and immunodeficiency. (biomedcentral.com)
  • First proposed by Schofield in 1978 [ 3 ], the niche hypothesis posits that specific locations or microenvironments within tissues prevent the maturation of resident stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Developing top down proteomics to maximize proteome and sequence coverage from cells and tissues. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)
  • Subsequently, normal cell-cell interactions between the tumor and surrounding tissues and immune cells begin to breakdown, leading to invasion and eventual metastasis to distant sites. (umassmed.edu)
  • The Kim lab investigates how various metabolic pathways, such as amino acid biosynthesis pathways, in a tumor cell relative to normal tissues. (umassmed.edu)
  • The histiocytoses encompass a group of diverse disorders characterized by the accumulation and infiltration of variable numbers of monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells in the affected tissues. (medscape.com)
  • Dendritic cells display a large amount of MHC-peptide complexes at their surface and can increase the expression of costimulatory receptors and migrate to the lymph nodes, spleen, and other lymphoid tissues, where they activate specific T cells. (medscape.com)
  • 2) Investigate the effect of aging on passive mechanical properties of Drosophila myocardium with cardiac-specific overexpression of the transcription factor FOXO, which is known to rejuvenate cardiac performance and promote muscle proteostasis in senescent flies. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Single-mutant phages were used for the analysis of DCP1 overexpression in the Supporting information figures contain replicates that were exposed to enough phage particles (Fig 5B). (billfryer.com)
  • To better understand their mechanisms of action, we carried out an overexpression screen to identify suppressors of Rpr-, Hid-, and Grim-induced death. (caltech.edu)
  • The effect was so striking that overexpression of Parkin reduced the fraction of mutant mtDNA from 76 percent to 5 percent , while overexpression of Atg1 reduced the fraction to 4 percent . (gowinglife.com)
  • Overexpression of miR-279 in multiple da neuron subclasses results in overall reductions in dendritic growth and branching, whereas MARCM loss-of-function analyses reveal a cell autonomous role for miR-279 in promoting dendritic branching via gain-of-function analyses. (gmu.edu)
  • Drosophila spermatogenesis and the main regulators of gene activity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Probing cell type-specific functions of Gi in vivo identifies GPCR regulators of insulin secretion. (ca.gov)
  • Temperature-Induced uncoupling of cell cycle regulators. (nih.gov)
  • In order to break the initial "egg shape" of the embryo, cells need to polarize in a precise and coordinated manner. (nature.com)
  • Here, we identify Pins-mediated planar cell polarized divisions in several of the mitotic domains of the early Drosophila embryo. (elifesciences.org)
  • One population was a group of normal, functioning germ cells, the other group did not divide and they did not migrate to the correct parts of the embryo. (asu.edu)
  • She wanted to apply this technique to the t 12 mutation, which is characterized by a developmental arrest at the morula stage, when the embryo is composed of approximately thirty-two cells. (asu.edu)
  • She thought a fusion of a mutant embryo with a normal embryo might rescue function long enough to study the mechanism of the mutation similar to the way she studied the blood disorder. (asu.edu)
  • Some embryos did not efficiently fuse and the embryo segregated itself between mutant and normal cells. (asu.edu)
  • Each mosaic embryo produced a different pattern of growth, but all the mutant cells began to grow larger in relation to the normal cells due to a reduction in the rate of cell division. (asu.edu)
  • Dorsoventral (DV) patterning of the Drosophila embryo is initiated by a broad Dorsal (Dl) nuclear gradient, which is regulated by a conserved signaling pathway that includes the Toll receptor and Pelle kinase. (sdbonline.org)
  • Recently, Dr. Satoh's group performed the genome-wide screening of Drosophila mutants, and identified 233 mutants that failed to synthesize and/or transport rhodopsin to the photosensitive membrane of the rhabdomeres. (bioquicknews.com)
  • To understand further the genetic factors influencing red blood cells, we carried out a genome-wide association study of haemoglobin concentration and related parameters in up to 135,367 individuals. (natureasia.com)
  • The existence of niches has long been predicted from mammalian studies, but identifying stem cells in their native environments in vivo has remained a challenge in most vertebrates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • If this mechanism holds in vertebrates it has several important implications. (wiringthebrain.com)
  • While some still believe that Sir2 is the lynchpin of the CR-longevity pathway, others are more skeptical and propose alternative mechanisms. (the-scientist.com)
  • Unfortunately, this issue gets more complicated in mammals, where CR works on the insulin pathway, which is analogous to the Daf-16 mechanism. (the-scientist.com)
  • This study established an in vivo PINK1 / Parkin -induced photoreceptor neuron degeneration model in Drosophila with the aim of dissecting the PINK1/Parkin pathway in detail. (sdbonline.org)
  • The Notch cell-cell signaling pathway is used extensively in cell fate specification during metazoan development. (silverchair.com)
  • At each of several precursor cell divisions in this lineage, the two daughter cells signal to each other via the Notch pathway. (silverchair.com)
  • The other daughter inherits the Notch pathway antagonist Numb, asymmetrically segregated from the precursor cell. (silverchair.com)
  • Terminal filament stacks (light green) begin to form and signal to adjacent somatic cells through the Delta-Notch pathway, inducing them to become cap cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This activity may be a facilitating step in turning on the cell-division pathway that produces sperm and egg cells. (natureasia.com)
  • We modulated Hippo pathway in FUS-WT or mutant-FUS background and found that downregulation of Hippo pathway, exhibited significant rescue in the eye, but the exact mechanism of action was still unclear. (udayton.edu)
  • Hippo pathway has been known to activate c-Jun-N-Terminal Kinase (JNK), which is involved in neurodegeneration and cell death. (udayton.edu)
  • Specialized microenvironments called niches help maintain stem cells in an undifferentiated and self-renewing state. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Stem cells are essential for tissue homeostasis, particularly in organs that exhibit high rates of cellular turnover such as the skin, intestine and hematopoietic system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Overproliferation of stem cells is equally undesirable and can disrupt normal tissue homeostasis, possibly contributing to tumor formation and growth. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Interestingly, cells within tumors often exhibit a hierarchy of malignant potential, giving rise to the notion that small populations of cancer stem cells may be responsible for propagating certain cancers [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The niche model is consistent with many observations made in mammalian cell transplantation experiments, but difficulties in unequivocally identifying individual stem cells within their native environment prevented further testing of this hypothesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The differential capacity of Igf signaling to confer a proliferative advantage to stem cells may be regulated in part by Igf's interactions with binding proteins Androgen Receptor Antagonist cell line or other secreted factors in the environment (Clemmons, 1997). (inhibitorkits.com)
  • Intrapulmonary delivery of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells improves survival and attenuates endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in mice. (ca.gov)
  • A major focus of this work is to define mechanisms that control the genesis and function of cancer stem cells with an emphasis on the role of integrin and VEGF signaling. (umassmed.edu)
  • Susceptibility of stem cells to virus infection and coxsackievirus-associated neonatal disease. (sdsu.edu)
  • Orienting muscle stem cells - Feige et al. (colorado.edu)
  • The meeting participants were charged with evaluating data suggesting that cancers develop from a small subset of cells with self-renewal properties analogous to organ stem cells. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Indeed, one critical question contemplated at the Workshop was whether tumors derive from organ stem cells that retain self-renewal properties but acquire epigenetic and genetic changes required for tumorigenicity or whether tumor stem cells are proliferative progenitors that acquire self-renewal capacity. (aacrjournals.org)
  • If the cancer stem cell model is correct and if such cells retain the hallmarks of some tissue stem cells in being rare and entering the cell cycle infrequently, they could constitute a population that is intrinsically resistant to current therapies designed to kill cycling cells. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The participants critically discussed the need for a precise definition of cancer stem cells, the requirement for new markers and more rapid and tractable in vitro and in vivo assays, and the need to develop drug screening strategies to selectively target cancer stem cells to generate therapeutics for this subpopulation of cells that could be resistant to classic treatments while possessing potent tumor-forming capacity. (aacrjournals.org)
  • In the cancer stem cell model of tumors, there is a small subset of cancer cells, the cancer stem cells, which constitute a reservoir of self-sustaining cells with the exclusive ability to self-renew and maintain the tumor. (aacrjournals.org)
  • These cancer stem cells have the capacity to both divide and expand the cancer stem cell pool and to differentiate into the heterogeneous nontumorigenic cancer cell types that in most cases appear to constitute the bulk of the cancer cells within the tumor. (aacrjournals.org)
  • If cancer stem cells are relatively refractory to therapies that have been developed to eradicate the rapidly dividing cells within the tumor that constitute the majority of the nonstem cell component of tumors, then they are unlikely to be curative and relapses would be expected. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Normal histiocytes originate from pluripotent stem cells, which can be found in bone marrow. (medscape.com)
  • Committed stem cells can mature to become antigen-processing cells, with some possessing phagocytic capabilities. (medscape.com)
  • Pluripotent stem cells can also be committed to produce dendritic cells. (medscape.com)
  • To our knowledge, this is the first in vivo example where mechanical force has been shown to polarize Pins to mediate division orientation. (elifesciences.org)
  • At the core of AJs, cadherins mediate cell-cell adhesion through Ca 2+ -dependent homophilic interactions between their extracellular domains. (rupress.org)
  • Overall, this study presents a model that shows genetic interaction between two unrelated pathways of growth regulation and axial (DV) patterning and have significant bearing on developmental mechanisms. (udayton.edu)
  • Dendritic cells appear to develop in several pathways. (medscape.com)
  • Germline stem cell (GSC) divides asymmetrically producing a gonioblast (GB). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gray bars indicate the germline cell types that are presented in the testes of bam or meiosis arrest mutants and contribute to the DamID and expression profiling experiments in this study. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Densitometry measurements were made in the germ line to establish germ cell integrity and germline quiescence and integrity through an ICD-10 generic sildenafil citrate 130mg from olympia lens. (gemologue.com)
  • Drosophila has long been an attractive, genetically tractable model system in which to study fundamental processes such as apoptosis which are common to higher eukaryotes. (caltech.edu)
  • Meiosis arrest mutants fail to proceed to meiosis and accumulate SpC cysts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During meiosis, germ cell and stage-specific components impose additional layers of regulation on the core cell cycle machinery to set up an extended G2 period termed meiotic prophase. (stanford.edu)
  • Cyclin B Export to the Cytoplasm via the Nup62 Subcomplex and Subsequent Rapid Nuclear Import Are Required for the Initiation of Drosophila Male Meiosis. (nih.gov)
  • Such a decrease would completely eliminate any metabolic defects in these cells, essentially restoring them to a more youthful, energy-producing state. (gowinglife.com)
  • When most eukaryotic cells divide via mitosis and cytokinesis, there is an equal segregation of genetic material and cytoplasm in daughter cells. (jove.com)
  • To address this, we developed a genetic method in Drosophila called olfactogenetics in which a narrowly tuned odorant receptor, Or56a, is ectopically expressed in different olfactory neuron types. (bordeaux-neurocampus.fr)
  • Our strategy is to use the relatively simple Drosophila peripheral nervous system (PNS) to discover the genetic program that controls its development. (ucsf.edu)
  • Misexpression of h-FUS-WT (Wild-Type), or FUS mutants FUS-R518K or FUS-R521C in Drosophila eye using GAL4-UAS genetic tool, triggers ALS-mediated neurodegeneration. (udayton.edu)
  • To understand the mechanism of action, we screened for genetic modifiers and found hippo (hpo), as a genetic modifier. (udayton.edu)
  • Since the evolutionary forces driving genetic changes that cause infertility between species are likely also acting within species, the study of hybrid sterility also promises significant insight into mechanisms underlying infertility within species. (elifesciences.org)
  • In 2013, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Randy W. Schekman, James E. Rothman, and Thomas C. Südhof for their discovery of how cells deliver thousands of membrane proteins to the right place at the right time. (bioquicknews.com)
  • By combining centrosome biochemistry with Drosophila genetics, we have found that Sas-4 forms several complexes of PCM proteins. (utoledo.edu)
  • B) Complementation of the nudE deletion and the nudF7 mutant by extra copies of nudE, the nudE NH2-terminal domain, and nudE chimeras carrying coiled-coil regions from human and frog proteins, respectively. (xenbase.org)
  • The goal of this project is to examine how specific intercalated disc proteins, which are upregulated with age as a part of a genotype, alter the age-associated performance and mechanical stiffness of the Drosophila heart tube. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • To achieve this ordering, many cell cycle-regulatory proteins are expressed exclusively when their functions are needed. (umassmed.edu)
  • In addition, they are investigating how cell cycle-regulation of chromatin proteins helps to coordinate the condensation of chromosomes with their segregation during mitosis. (umassmed.edu)
  • However, since proteins with similar activities are present in mammals and since their mechanisms are likely to be conserved even if true sequence homologues are not identified, understanding how Rpr, Hid, and Grim act to bring about death is an important area of research. (caltech.edu)
  • Several S. cerevisiae proteins involved in cell cycle regulation and bud formation like BEM2, BEM3, BUD4 and the BEM1-binding proteins BOI2 (BEB1) and BOI1 (BOB1). (embl.de)
  • [ 15 ] The surface of the APC contains 2 peptide-binding proteins (ie, major histocompatability complex [MHC] classes I and II), which can stimulate cytotoxic T (T C ) cells, regulatory T (Treg) cells, and helper T (T H ) cells. (medscape.com)
  • Stimulation with geosmin (the only known Or56a ligand) in an Or56a mutant background leads to specific activation of only target olfactory neuron types. (bordeaux-neurocampus.fr)
  • Moreover, substitution with autophosphorylation-deficient PINK1 fails to rescue pink1 null mutant phenotypes. (sdbonline.org)
  • Four independent transformants of the nudF7 mutant are shown for each plasmid to demonstrate reproducibility of phenotypes. (xenbase.org)
  • Since GOF of hippo (hpo) triggers cell death, we tested if by blocking cell death by using p35 (anti-apoptotic) exhibits similar phenotypes. (udayton.edu)
  • We found apical accumulation of both Drosophila E-Cadherin (DE-Cad) and the apical cue Bazooka (Baz) as cells first form. (rupress.org)
  • The lab aims to elucidate advantages these metabolic alterations can play in the growth and progression of tumors, and how these changes can be exploited to selective target cancer cells, such as selectively inducing the accumulation of toxic metabolites to poison cancer cells within the tumor. (umassmed.edu)
  • They are studying the cellular origin and the mechanisms that control the establishments and maintainance of these networks of 'resident' cell in skin and brain, i) whether they are renewed from bone marrow or 'niche' precursors, or if mature cells divide and self renew, ii) whether similar or separate mechanisms control their accumulation and activation during inflammation, and iii) their role in skin and brain inflammation. (cerclefser.org)
  • Intra-endodermal interactions are required for pancreatic beta cell induction. (ca.gov)
  • Molecular mechanisms of bacteria/bacteriophage/animal interactions. (sdsu.edu)
  • The goal of this project is to examine the mechanism by which the myosin molecular motor functions in striated muscle. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • This will be done for young and old wildtype fly hearts and for the hearts of two myosin heavy chain mutants and a troponin mutant. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • a An overview of the first stages of spermatogenesis in Drosophila. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This provokes speculation that core components of the cell death machinery can function to regulate processes other than apoptosis, such as spermatogenesis. (caltech.edu)
  • 2007). Thus, the final differentiation of cells in the optic lobe requires the prior pathfinding of retinal axons to this area. (wiringthebrain.com)
  • Researchers in this group are identifying mechanisms that account for the loss of differentiation and the highly aggressive behavior of these tumors, and exploiting these mechanisms to improve prognosis and therapy. (umassmed.edu)
  • To better understand those processes, Frédéric Geissmann is investigating the differentiation and the function of those cells. (cerclefser.org)
  • We found that eye enlargement phenotype resulting from GOF of hpo in dve domain, is not due to hpo mediated cell death, but by regulating retinal differentiation. (udayton.edu)
  • The CNS contains three primary cell types: motoneurons, interneurons, and glia. (jneurosci.org)
  • Loss of Fry function drastically affects the movement and morphological polarization of cells during gastrulation and disrupts dorsal mesoderm convergent extension, responsible for head-to-tail elongation. (nature.com)
  • Taken together, the study of the Drosophila ovary and testis has greatly enhanced our understanding of the basic principles that govern niche formation and function. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Identifying and manipulating age- and mutation-dependent modifiers of cardiac function using the Drosophila model. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Although APA has been widely reported, both the function of APA in development and the mechanisms that regulate the choice of 3'end cut sites in normal and pathogenic conditions are still poorly understood. (stanford.edu)
  • New regulatory mechanisms of TGF-beta receptor function. (ca.gov)
  • The first discovered knox loss-of-function mutant, shoot meristemless ( stm ) of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), fails to produce shoot organs after the cotyledons have formed (Long et al. (grassius.org)
  • STED, stimulated emission depletion IntroductionRibonucleoprotein (RNP) granules are a conserved mechanism to alter granule function is promoted by decapping activators that recruit DCP1 to the WT lambda phage genome mutation. (billfryer.com)
  • Our findings reveal a new mechanism by which conditional and autonomous modes of fate specification are integrated within cell lineages. (silverchair.com)
  • New findings from his lab published in the July 21 advance online issue of Nature demonstrate that the way the mitotic spindle-the machinery that separates chromosomes into daughter cells during cell division-aligns relative to the surface of the cell layer is essential for the maintenance of epithelial integrity. (stowers.org)
  • Because it's genome has been sequenced, its genetics are easily manipulated, and it is easy to maintain in the lab, this species of yeast has been an invaluable resource in the understanding of fundamental cellular processes such as cell division and cell death. (jove.com)
  • Bennett J, Baumgarten SC, Stocco C. GATA4 and GATA6 Silencing in Ovarian Granulosa Cells Affects Levels of mRNAs Involved in Steroidogenesis, Extracellular Structure Organization, IGF-I Activity, and Apoptosis. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)
  • To investigate the stability of the reversal, we used a subset of cells for which we maintained recordings and continued to perform DS tests after the reversal. (inhibitorkits.com)
  • Drosophila HB9 is detected in a subset of motoneurons with ventral muscle targets and in a small group of interneurons, including the well characterized serotonergic interneurons. (jneurosci.org)
  • Thus, Drosophila HB9 is required in a subset of motoneurons and interneurons for establishing proper axon projections but does not have a general role in distinguishing motoneuron and interneuron cell types. (jneurosci.org)
  • Drosophila HB9 differs from its vertebrate orthologs in several ways: it is not expressed in all somatic motoneurons, it is expressed in a subset of interneurons, and it is required for the proper development of both interneurons and motoneurons. (jneurosci.org)
  • This suggests that cells are more difficult to reverse when their original tuning is sharp. (inhibitorkits.com)
  • Here we will focus on reviewing work describing the formation and regulation of the ovarian stem cell niche. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The process of gastrulation is linked to determination of mesodermal cell fates, such that patterning of tissue fates and patterning of cell behavior are interconnected. (nature.com)
  • An increasing burden While the exact mechanisms are still being deciphered, it's clear that mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) rise with age and lead to a rising burden of mutant mitochondria. (gowinglife.com)
  • In an exciting study on the model organism drosophila, researchers at Caltech and UCLA have demonstrated a new technique to rejuvenate ailing mitochondria and significantly decrease the number containing mutations. (gowinglife.com)
  • A workshop was convened by the AACR to discuss the rapidly emerging cancer stem cell model for tumor development and progression. (aacrjournals.org)
  • A long-term view как расшифровать почерк рафология to create the line of period cell on the model of using predictive capacity. (scoutconnection.com)
  • During Drosophila sensory bristle development, precursor cells segregate Numb asymmetrically to one of their progeny cells, rendering it unresponsive to reciprocal Notch signaling between the two daughters. (silverchair.com)
  • These are the two precursor cells that do not inherit Numb, yet must make Numb to segregate to one daughter during their own division. (silverchair.com)
  • In this lineage, the fates of two of the precursor cells (pIIa and pIIIb) are specified by Notch signaling ( Fig. 1 , blue arrowheads). (silverchair.com)
  • The morphogenetic movements of gastrulation rearrange the three germ layers precursors, positioning mesodermal cells between outer ectodermal and inner endodermal cells to shape the head-to-tail body axis. (nature.com)
  • Beatrice Mintz conducted a previous study that examined a reproductive disorder characterized by two distinct populations of germ cells in heterozygous mice. (asu.edu)
  • Mouse ES cells express endogenous shRNAs, siRNAs, and other Microprocessor-independent, Dicer-dependent small RNAs. (ca.gov)
  • Furthermore, directional ablations that separated mesoderm from mitotic domains disrupted spindle orientation, suggesting that forces transmitted from mesoderm to mitotic domains can polarize Pins and orient division during gastrulation. (elifesciences.org)
  • As division began, the mitotic spindle (which faithfully distributes chromosomes into each daughter cell) invariably oriented itself parallel to the apical surface of the epithelium. (stowers.org)
  • This newly formed cystoblast undergoes four incomplete mitotic divisions to form an interconnected 16-cell cyst. (biomedcentral.com)
  • and syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle. (nih.gov)
  • Evidence of temporary airway epithelial repopulation and rare clonal formation by BM-derived cells following naphthalene injury in mice. (ca.gov)
  • Many of the mechanistic insights into how niches regulate stem cell maintenance have been obtained using invertebrate models such as Drosophila . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mintz thought there might be a way to use dual populations of cells to study the action of the mutant cells. (asu.edu)
  • This study evaluated the roles of PINK1 mitochondrial kinase, and Parkin E3 ubiquitin ligase in targeting depolarized mitochondria for degradation in vivo, using quantitative measurements of mitochondria in Drosophila nervous system. (sdbonline.org)
  • One conclusion made in this study is that the flagellum of sperm cells are formed in a unique way that we named cytoplasmic ciliogenesis, as in this type of ciliogenesis the cilium axoneme is exposed to the cytoplasm. (utoledo.edu)
  • The molecular mechanism for dendritic self-avoidance and tiling. (ucsf.edu)
  • Frédéric Geissmann and his team have described the common precursor for macrophage, monocytes and dendritic cells (Fogg et al. (cerclefser.org)
  • 1/ Investigate the development and functions of monocytes and dendritic cells, and their roles in inflammatory diseases. (cerclefser.org)
  • The importance of dendritic cells in presenting antigens to T and B lymphocytes is increasingly recognized. (medscape.com)
  • [ 11 ] Immature dendritic cells respond to GM-CSF (not to macrophage colony-stimulating factor [M-CSF]) and become committed to generating dendritic cells, which are "professional" antigen-presenting cells (APCs). (medscape.com)
  • [ 13 ] Dendritic cells are also efficient stimulators of B-cell lymphocytes. (medscape.com)
  • Effective induction of antigen-specific T-cell responses requires interaction between the dendritic cells and T lymphocytes to prime the latter cells for expansion and subsequent immune responses. (medscape.com)
  • Costimulatory interaction (i.e., second signal) is between CD80(B7.1)/CD86(B7.2) on the dendritic cell, and CD28 on the T cells. (medscape.com)
  • Relatively little is known about the molecular mechanisms that control dendrite development. (ucsf.edu)
  • Posterior malformations in Dact1 mutant mice arise through misregulated Vangl2 at the primitive streak. (ca.gov)
  • These experiments will involve techniques and protocols for intravital imaging in normal and mutants mice that have set up in the laboratory, and new methods that they are developing. (cerclefser.org)
  • A closer look at Drosophila male testes revealed the surprising observation that high levels of caspases are present in wild type testes, along with the caspase activator Ark. (caltech.edu)
  • In contrast, symmetric divisions in epithelia divide cellular components equally, and usually results in both daughter cells remaining in the tissue. (elifesciences.org)
  • As long as epithelial cells pack tightly and adhere to their neighbors, the cellular business of building tissue barriers and constructing ducts goes smoothly. (stowers.org)
  • Mesenchymal cells derived from the dermomyotome condense within connective tissue (mesenchymal) scaffolds to form 2 common muscle masses. (medscape.com)
  • Nowhere is that clearer on a cellular level than in the case of epithelial sheets, single layers of cells that line every body cavity from the gut to mammary glands. (stowers.org)
  • Previous studies performed in S. cerevisiae that have contributed to our understanding of important cellular processes such as the cell cycle, aging, and cell death are also discussed. (jove.com)
  • 2009), and investigated the pathophysiology of diseases of this cellular system, incliding Langerhans cell histiocytosis (Senechal et al. (cerclefser.org)
  • The experiments serve as a clear demonstration that the level of mutant mtDNA can be reduced in cells by gently tweaking normal cellular processes. (gowinglife.com)
  • It is important for scientists to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying intracellular vesicular traffic. (bioquicknews.com)
  • Associate Professor Akiko K. Satoh, in the Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Integral Arts and Science, Hiroshima University, Japan, and her collaborators have been investigating the mechanism of intracellular vesicular traffic using Drosophila photoreceptors. (bioquicknews.com)