• Here we show that cell cycle progression through mitosis following double-stranded DNA breaks leads to the formation of micronuclei, which precede activation of inflammatory signalling and are a repository for the pattern-recognition receptor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS). (nature.com)
  • Inhibiting progression through mitosis or loss of pattern recognition by stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-cGAS impaired interferon signalling. (nature.com)
  • Accumulating evidence shows that cancer stem cells are key drivers of tumor formation, progression, and recurrence. (hindawi.com)
  • The senescence cascade and the cell-cycle checkpoints that dictate the progression and maintenance of senescence are important in all types of gastrointestinal cancers, including pancreatic, liver, gastric, colon, and esophageal cancers. (elsevierpure.com)
  • miRNAs expressed in a wide variety of human cancers can regulate posttranscriptional gene expression by binding to the 3′ untranslated region of the target mRNAs and act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors to regulate cell signaling pathways, affecting tumorigenesis and tumor progression [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Seattle MCB faculty take various approaches to investigate how cells maintain proper cell cycle progression, chromosomal organization, DNA replication, transcription, DNA repair and chromosome segregation. (mcb-seattle.edu)
  • Covers principle molecular mechanisms responsible for tumor initiation and progression, with a specific emphasis on intracellular signaling, DNA repair, cell cycle checkpoints, and loss of normal tissue homeostasis. (mcb-seattle.edu)
  • Currently, use of cannabinoids is limited to improve adverse effects of chemotherapy and their palliative administration during treatment is curiously concomitant with improved prognosis and regressed progression in patients with different tumor types. (frontiersin.org)
  • Recent studies demonstrated that piperine potentiates curcumin's inhibitory effect on tumor progression via enhancing its delivery and therapeutic activity. (frontiersin.org)
  • Researchers have targeted these CSCs therapeutically, hypothesizing that since these CSCs are the 'drivers' of tumour progression, their death may inhibit tumour progression. (scienceopen.com)
  • Background: The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (RB) is a key regulator of cell cycle progression and is functionally inactivated in the majority of human non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). (elsevierpure.com)
  • One potential mechanism of BRCA2 involvement in breast cancer progression may be through deregulation of the BRCA2 gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During cell growth and proliferation, ubiquitin plays an outsized role in promoting progression through the cell cycle. (intechopen.com)
  • Progression through the cell cycle is driven by the oscillating activity of Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs). (intechopen.com)
  • Identification of factors associated with proliferation in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) microenvironment aids in understanding the mechanisms of disease progression and provides druggable targets. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The collective data from our in silico analysis provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying HCC progression and require further validation with wet laboratory experiments. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cancer cells emit sustained proliferative signals that activate progression of the cell cycle as well as support the formation and growth of tumor tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Aggressive tumors typically demonstrate a high glycolytic rate, which results in resistance to radiation therapy and cancer progression via several molecular and physiologic mechanisms. (springer.com)
  • The encoded protein plays a role in many cellular processes including cell cycle progression, DNA repair and apoptosis by regulating the activity of protein phosphatase 1. (nih.gov)
  • A regulated PNUTS mRNA to lncRNA splice switch mediates EMT and tumour progression. (nih.gov)
  • PD-1 blocks cell cycle progression in the G 1 phase. (shu.edu)
  • Thus, PD-1 targets Ras and PI3K/Akt signaling to inhibit transcription of Skp2 and to activate Smad3 as an integral component of a pathway that regulates blockade of cell cycle progression in T lymphocytes. (shu.edu)
  • Accumulation of p27 in the nucleus, therefore, blocks cell cycle progression of T-lymphocytes that are being induced to act against cancer antigens. (shu.edu)
  • Orderly progression through the cell cycle involves passage through sequential checkpoints. (shu.edu)
  • Abnormalities in cell cycle regulation are reported to be strongly associated with tumorigenesis and progression of tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the present study, we investigated the relationship of gene expression profiles with malignant progression of human glioma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tumor specimens were obtained with informed consent from a 37-year-old female patient who underwent initial surgical removal in January 1999 and subsequent recurrent resections of a right temporal tumor July 1999 and February 2001 at the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (Suzhou, China) and did not receive chemotherapy and radiation between these stages of progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tumor initiation and progression results from the altercations of DNA replication. (medium.com)
  • Cancer is a multi-factorial process, however, cancer cell mutation load, tumor initiation and progression through genomic instability has obvious relation to loss of gene function as seen in mutator phenotypes and relation to oncogene initiation and induced DNA replication stress. (medium.com)
  • This feature of cancer cell mutation and tumor progression has been studied for many decades as a hallmark feature, however, there is much uncertainty in its relation to early process or final transformation process in cancer evolution. (medium.com)
  • This system detects oncogenic stress and initiates defense and regulatory immune sequences to prevent further high grade mutation, tumor progression and proliferation. (medium.com)
  • Deregulated signaling pathways are a hallmark feature of oncogenesis and driver of tumor progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hypoxia is considered a critical contributor to renal cell carcinoma progression, including invasion and metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although there have been many studies on BC, the mechanisms underlying its progression remain unclear. (aging-us.com)
  • In fact, chromosomal aberrations and germline mutations often lead to the loss of function of tumor suppressor genes and / or those coding for essential cell cycle checkpoint proteins, which may result in uncontrollable cellular proliferation and thereby, the development of disease indications, such as cancer. (insta.tel)
  • Cell proliferation involves the replication of all cellular contents with the required energy for this to happen. (hindawi.com)
  • To prevent aberrant cell proliferation, these pathways are tightly regulated. (hindawi.com)
  • This activation is necessary for both cell proliferation as well as glucose uptake and use. (hindawi.com)
  • High tumor proliferation has previously been associated with response to chemotherapy. (lu.se)
  • The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine assay, propidium iodide (PI) staining, annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/PI staining, and transwell assay were employed to test the proliferation, apoptosis, migration ability, and invasiveness of COAD cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Upregulating the level of miR-323a-3p impaired the proliferation, migration, and invasion of COAD cells and promoted apoptosis, whereas supplementing NEK6 alleviated the damage of the proliferation, migration, and invasion of COAD cells caused by miR-323a-3p and inhibited miR-323a-3p-induced apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
  • These findings indicate that miR-323a-3p regulates the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of COAD cells by targeting NEK6. (hindawi.com)
  • Potential synergistic effects of various combinations including these compounds were tested by measuring cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Colonic epithelial cells proliferation of group IV (DPE 250 mg/kgBW) were significantly lower than III and V groups. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These findings indicate that the DPE could inhibit colonic epithelial cells proliferation through p53 pathway independently. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Notably, the G1/S boundary represents a major barrier to cell proliferation and is universally dysfunctional in cancer cells, allowing for the unbridled proliferation observed in malignancy. (intechopen.com)
  • Numerous E3 ubiquitin ligases, which facilitate the ubiquitination of specific substrates, have been shown to control G1/S. In this chapter, we will discuss components in the ubiquitin proteasome system that are implicated in G1/S control, how these enzymes are interconnected, gaps in our current knowledge, and the potential role of these pathways in the cancer cycle and disease proliferation. (intechopen.com)
  • MTT colorimetric assays, colony formation assays and 5‑ethynyl‑20‑deoxyuridine incorporation assays were also conducted to evaluate ACC cell proliferation. (cancerindex.org)
  • Here, we aimed to identify proliferative hepatocytes from HCC and para-carcinoma tissues, detect differentially expressed genes between the two types of proliferative hepatocytes, and investigate their potential roles in aberrant proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Based on previous reports, we found that HAMP modulates cell proliferation through interaction with its receptor SLC40A1 . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hypoxia and genetic defects that chronically drive proliferation leave such tumors dependent on a steady supply of nutrients, especially glucose. (springer.com)
  • PD-1 expression by cancer cells blocks the proliferation of T-cells. (shu.edu)
  • P15 INK4 is a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor that blocks the activity of Cyclind-CDK4,6, inhibiting it from hypophosphorylating Rb, thereby, rendering the cell cycle unresponsive to external proliferation signals. (shu.edu)
  • Retroviral vectors expressing short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) against CDC2 caused efficient deletion of CDC2, cellular G2/M arrest concluding in apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation in human glioma cells U251 and SHG-44 cell lines ex vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CDC2 gene plays an important role in the proliferation of human gliomas. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Combined treatment with selumetinib and a dose of palbociclib sufficient to reinforce G1 arrest in selumetinib-sensitive cells, but not to impair proliferation of resistant cells, delays the emergence of resistant colonies, meaning that escape from G1 arrest is critical in the formation of resistant clones. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • It is known to halt cancer cell proliferation and the propagation of DNA damage and can also initiate DNA repair mechanisms. (medium.com)
  • Many factors are involved in causing and permitting the unregulated proliferation of cells that occurs in cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Overview of Cancer Cancer is an unregulated proliferation of cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Activated p53 transcriptionally regulates hundreds of genes that are involved in multiple biological processes, including in DNA damage repair, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and senescence. (nih.gov)
  • In this Review, we discuss the multiple molecular mechanisms of p53 regulation and how they modulate the induction of apoptosis or cell cycle arrest following DNA damage. (nih.gov)
  • The generation of cellular models of drug resistance has been pivotal in unravelling the main effectors of resistance to traditional chemotherapy at the molecular level (i.e. intracellular drug inactivation, detoxifying systems, defects in DNA repair, apoptosis evasion, membrane transporters and cell adhesion). (nature.com)
  • Common responses to DDR signaling include activation of transcription, cell cycle control, DNA repair pathways, apoptosis, senescence and cell death. (insta.tel)
  • A successful therapy must therefore eliminate these cells known to be highly resistant to apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
  • In this paper, we describe the metabolic changes as well as the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis occurring in cancer cells and cancer stem cells, underlying the connection between these two processes. (hindawi.com)
  • p53 is a transcription factor that participates in cell cycle checkpoint processes and apoptosis. (lu.se)
  • Quercetin also improve the action of the drug 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) promoting increased expression of p53 and apoptosis in breast cancer T47D cells [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Western Blotting was used to determine the level of expression of CDC2 protein as measure to quantify down regulation of CDC2 expression along with use of flow cytometry to investigate effect of shRNAs on cell cycles and detection of apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Activated p53 induces programmed cell death (apoptosis) or senescence as a last attempt to avoid possible malignant transformation when the damage is too severe and beyond repair. (medium.com)
  • Therefore, there are multiple conserved pathways within cells that respond to such errors by recruiting DNA repair processes or initiating apoptosis. (medium.com)
  • It is also involved in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis [17]. (termedia.pl)
  • In contrast, cancer cells shift their metabolism toward lactate production even in the presence of oxygen [ 4 ], partly through genetic modifications that stabilize the transcription factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) involved in the adaptation of the cells to hypoxia, under nonhypoxic conditions as well as generating an adaptive response to the hypoxic microenvironment (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
  • Chromosomal instability is a manifest of genome instability with complexities that require careful attention to individual gene control features specific to the cancer cell mutation, tumor microenvironment and surrounding moiety. (medium.com)
  • The theoretical basis for marrow failure includes primary defects in or damage to the stem cell or the marrow microenvironment. (medscape.com)
  • highlights the importance of gene dosage in mediating the effects of tumor suppressors. (elifesciences.org)
  • However, cancer cells overcome these controls, in particular by acquiring genetic mutations leading to the activation of oncogenes (pten, myc) or loss of tumor suppressors (p53) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The first miRNA was discovered in 1993 by Lee, Freinbaum and Ambros ( 6 , 7 ), and since then an increasing load of literature data have pointed that they can act as both tumor suppressors and oncogenes ( 1 - 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The protein product of the murine double minute gene 2 (mdm-2) plays a central role in the regulation of p53. (lu.se)
  • The activity of NEK6 plays important roles in mitotic spindle kinetochore fiber formation, metaphase-anaphase transition, cytokinesis, and checkpoint regulation [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Alternatively, similar course material is covered in GENOME 551 - Principles of Gene Regulation (Winter, weeks 6-10, will be offered in Winter 2024, 1.5 credits). (mcb-seattle.edu)
  • This CAC is associated with the cell cycle and its regulation is affected by the tumor suppressor proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Results: RB reconstitution in RB-deficient lines restored regulation of topoIIα, thymidylate synthase, and cyclin A. Similarly, RB overexpression in RB-proficient cells caused further regulation of some RB/E2F target genes including thymidylate synthase and topoIIα. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Conclusions: These results demonstrate that RB reconstitution into RB-deficient NSCLC lines establishes regulation of certain RB/E2F target genes and restores G1 arrest mechanisms. (elsevierpure.com)
  • While BRCA2 expression is involved in cell cycle checkpoints and DNA repair, the mechanisms of cell cycle-dependent regulation of BRCA2 gene expression remains elusive. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As main findings, 23 miRNAs were already identified as being involved in genetic regulation of PCa cell response to RT. (frontiersin.org)
  • In the nucleus, R-SMAD-SMAD4 complexes cooperate with transcriptional coregulators that further define target gene recognition and transcriptional regulation. (shu.edu)
  • I will be elaborating on the stages of DNA surveillance and repair and demonstrate how defects in the regulation of any of these mechanisms often results in genomic instability, which predisposes the cell to malignant transformation. (medium.com)
  • It is interesting to study the initiation and regulation of differentiation in cells having no G1 phase, Mouse monoclonal to Ractopamine as typically, cell differentiation occurs from your G1 phase of the cell cycle. (globaltechbiz.com)
  • Mitochondria are important cellular organelles that perform many different functions, from cell death regulation and energy generation to immune responses and fatty acid oxidation [ 10 , 11 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • Following this, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were included in Gene Ontology enrichment, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, protein‑protein interaction network and survival analyses. (cancerindex.org)
  • Thus, based on the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of mitophagy-related tumor classification, we established a 13-gene signature and robust nomogram for predicting BC prognosis, which can be beneficial for the diagnosis and treatment of BC. (aging-us.com)
  • In our analysis, we established a stable signature, including 13 genes, based on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in mitophagy-related tumor classification. (aging-us.com)
  • One such protein is the cytoskeleton-associated protein 5 (CKAP5), widely expressed in a variety of cells to regulate the dynamics of microtubules in human cells. (medicalxpress.com)
  • We now recognize that tumor suppressor genes regulate diverse cellular activities, including cell cycle checkpoint responses, detection and repair of DNA damage, protein ubiquitination and degradation, mitogenic signaling, cell specification, differentiation and migration, and tumor angiogenesis. (scienceopen.com)
  • The notion could be that unique cellular mechanisms are triggered in the breast cancer cells to stimulate BRCA2 gene expression as a temporary measure to regulate the growth of the breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cancer results from unchecked cell division caused by a breakdown of the mechanisms that regulate the cell cycle. (texasgateway.org)
  • Activated complexes accumulate in the nucleus where they cooperate with DNA-binding cofactors to regulate target gene transcription. (shu.edu)
  • This is not a single gene event, there are multiple genes that initiate, control and regulate tumor suppressor function and cell division. (medium.com)
  • Cell mitosis is an attractive target to effectively treat a variety of cancer forms, where microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) assist cells to maintain the stability of cell dynamics. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Those mechanisms affect which kind of therapies might work once cancer patients relapse on PARP inhibitors, a treatment that stops PARP proteins from repairing DNA damage in cancer cells and leads to cell death. (yale.edu)
  • Pathways activated by seven transmembrane receptors and G-proteins, insulin/PI3 kinase, MAPKs, and WNTs and mechanisms of signal termination. (mcb-seattle.edu)
  • Subsequent characterization of tumor suppressor proteins revealed their widespread involvement in sporadic cancers and pinpointed key mechanisms that protect animals against tumor development. (scienceopen.com)
  • However, mutations in p53 can result in abnormal p53 proteins that fail to stop cell division if the cell's DNA is damaged. (texasgateway.org)
  • Over and over, small uncorrected errors are passed from the parent cell to the daughter cells and amplified as each generation produces more non-functional proteins from uncorrected DNA damage. (texasgateway.org)
  • The mechanisms of DNA repair is closely coupled with the DNA damage response (DDR), which involves the recruitment and localization within distinct nuclear foci of DNA damage sensors, mediators, transducers and effector proteins ( Polo and Jackson 2011 ). (medium.com)
  • Deletion or mutation of genes coding for Ku70 or Ku80 proteins results in a highly radiosensitive phenotype [10]. (termedia.pl)
  • The tumour suppressor p53 has a central role in the response to cellular stress. (nih.gov)
  • In the context of DNA damage, p53 is thought to be a decision-making transcription factor that selectively activates genes as part of specific gene expression programmes to determine cellular outcomes. (nih.gov)
  • In normal cells, glucose participates in cellular energy production through glycolysis as well as through its complete catabolism via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). (hindawi.com)
  • Both the BRCA1 and BRCA2 protein are involved in DNA repair," said Megan King , PhD , associate professor of cell biology and of molecular, cellular and development biology, and co-leader of the Radiobiology and Genome Integrity Research Program at Yale Cancer Center. (yale.edu)
  • Cellular senescence is a biologically irreversible state of cell-growth arrest that occurs following either a replicative or an oncogenic stimulus. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Understanding the pathogenic mechanisms involved in cellular senescence is important for the development of agents targeted toward the treatment of gastrointestinal tumors. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Ubiquitin Proteasome System Current Insights into Mechanism Cellular Regu. (intechopen.com)
  • The cell cycle is a complex process with myriad genes involved and elaborate and complex signaling mechanisms to allow for this critical cellular process. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Confocal microscopy was carried out to study Gleevec,s effect on hTERT cellular distribution in K562, HL60, and Jurkat cells. (rafinhibitors.com)
  • Importantly, this enhanced cellular metabolic activity upon acute hyper activation of Bcr Abl was not beneficial for the cells as proposed by Warburg. (rafinhibitors.com)
  • We found that Dusp4 loss alone is insufficient in mediating tumorigenesis, but alternatively converges with loss in Trp53 and MYC amplification to induce tumorigenesis primarily through chromosome 5 amplification, which specifically upregulates Dbf4 , a cell cycle gene that promotes cellular replication by mediating cell cycle checkpoint escape. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study identifies a novel mechanism for breast tumorigenesis implicating Dusp4 loss and p53 mutations in cellular acquisition of Dbf4 upregulation as a driver of cellular replication and cell cycle checkpoint escape. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition to its role in NHEJ, Ku70/80 is also required for telomere length maintenance [9] and other important cellular mechanisms. (termedia.pl)
  • Cell Cycle The cell cycle is an integral part of cellular processes. (globaltechbiz.com)
  • Mitophagy is critical for cellular homeostasis, and cells can eliminate dysfunctional mitochondria or reduce mitochondrial numbers via the mitophagy mechanism [ 8 , 9 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • Cellular senescence-the permanent arrest of cycling in normally proliferating cells such as fibroblasts-contributes both to age-related loss of mammalian tissue homeostasis and acts as a tumour suppressor mechanism. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Combining in-silico interactome analysis and functional target gene inhibition, stochastic modelling and live cell microscopy, we show here that there exists a dynamic feedback loop that is triggered by a DNA damage response (DDR) and, which after a delay of several days, locks the cell into an actively maintained state of 'deep' cellular senescence. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides necessary for the biosynthesis of the daughter cells are mostly provided by intermediate metabolites of these pathways. (hindawi.com)
  • Intracellular signaling pathways leading from cell membrane receptors to nucleus. (mcb-seattle.edu)
  • The mechanisms of radioresistance are still poorly understood, despite it has been suggested that miRNAs play an important role in cell signaling pathways. (frontiersin.org)
  • Indeed, it has been shown that miRNAs play an important role in gene expression, mainly when associated with the monitoring of several cell and metabolic pathways, being also an essential component of the gene silencing machinery in most eukaryotic organisms ( 4 , 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Intriguingly, many of these mechanisms utilize the same molecular pathways that are altered through calorie and/or carbohydrate restriction. (springer.com)
  • Mitophagy can be mediated by multiple molecular mechanisms, such as the NIX, FundC1, and PINK1/Parkin signaling pathways. (aging-us.com)
  • These factors may cause mutations or abnormal expression of certain oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, leading to the occurrence or development of CRC [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that, when mutated in certain ways, become oncogenes , genes that cause a cell to become cancerous. (texasgateway.org)
  • Tumour heterogeneity is a phenomenon where each cell that makes up a tumour, contains mutations that differ from that of other cells in the tumour. (scienceopen.com)
  • The mutations of BRCA2 gene predispose the cells towards neoplastic development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This results in an increased number of mutations, leading to abnormal daughter cells. (texasgateway.org)
  • Even when all of the cell cycle controls are fully functional, a small percentage of replication errors (mutations) will be passed on to the daughter cells. (texasgateway.org)
  • Mutations and gene amplifications that confer drug resistance emerge frequently during chemotherapy, but their mechanism and timing are poorly understood. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Melanoma in particular exhibits a high incidence of activating BRAF and NRAS mutations and such cells are addicted to the activity of these mutant oncoproteins. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Loss of functional DNA repair genes is a key feature of base pair mutations found in hereditary cancers. (medium.com)
  • DNA damage predisposes normal cells and transforms into cancer cell mutations with expression of antigenic determinants related to cancer cell life cycle initiation and survival. (medium.com)
  • DUSP4 alterations lead to hyperactivation of MAPK signaling in many cancers, including breast cancer, which often harbor mutations in cell cycle checkpoint genes, particularly in TP53. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We find that together with loss-of-function mutations in p53 and, to some degree, potentiated by cMyc overexpression, Dusp4 deletion aids in cell cycle checkpoint escape while simultaneously potentiating hallmarks of replicative stress, including multinucleation and Chk1 phosphorylation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, although ER positive tumors tend to have a better prognosis in unselected breast cancer patients, germline CHEK2 mutations are associated with increased risk of the development of ER positive breast cancer with an unfavorable prognosis [24-26]. (termedia.pl)
  • However, existing mitosis-targeting chemotherapeutic agents do not discriminate between healthy and malignant cell lines, resulting in severe side-effects . (medicalxpress.com)
  • The ability to distinguish proliferative hepatocytes from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and normal liver tissues and comparison of their gene expression profiles will aid us in understanding the mechanisms underlying aberrant proliferative signaling in malignant cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To reveal the roles of CDC2/Cyclin B1 in human malignant gliomas, CDC2 in glioma cell line, it was down-regulated by retrovirus vectors expressing short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) ex vivo and in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Background Renal cell carcinomas (CCR) account for 1%C3% of all malignant visceral neoplasms and 90% of renal tumors. (irjs.info)
  • 2013) exhibited the elevated expression of cysteine protease (cathepsin B alone or with uPAR) in glioblastomas, which in turn was responsible of self-renewal of malignant glioblastoma stem cells. (globaltechbiz.com)
  • Breast cancer (BC) is one kind of malignant tumor and accounts for one-quarter of cases of cancer in women. (aging-us.com)
  • Approximately 2 million people were newly diagnosed with BC and 600 thousand died of this malignant tumor worldwide in 2018 [ 3 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • For example, King has identified that if BRCA1 tumors stop expressing the 53BP1 or REV7 protein-both of which play a role in repairing DNA double-strand breaks-they become resistant to PARP inhibitors. (yale.edu)
  • Moreover, PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors are being tested in combination with other checkpoint inhibitors, targeted therapies, cancer vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, and other modalities. (shu.edu)
  • To further determine whether BCR ABL phosphorylates Raf Inhibitors hTERT, we treated K562 cells with 1 M Gleevec, and evaluated the phosphorylation status of hTERT. (rafinhibitors.com)
  • Innate or acquired resistance to small molecule BRAF or MEK1/2 inhibitors (BRAFi or MEKi) typically arises through mechanisms that sustain or reinstate ERK1/2 activation. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • This has led to the development of a range of ERK1/2 inhibitors (ERKi) that either inhibit kinase catalytic activity (catERKi) or additionally prevent the activating pT-E-pY dual phosphorylation of ERK1/2 by MEK1/2 (dual-mechanism or dmERKi). (babraham.ac.uk)
  • These resistance mechanisms frequently involve reinstatement of ERK1/2 signalling and BRAFi are now deployed in combination with one of three approved MEK1/2 inhibitors (MEKi) to provide more durable, but still transient, clinical responses. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • These inhibitors inhibit NHEJ-catalyzed DSB repair and sensitize in vitro cancer cells to DSB-inducing agents. (termedia.pl)
  • The anatomopathological study of CDX4 the gallbladder was appropriate for infiltrating metastasis from clear-cell carcinoma of principal renal site. (irjs.info)
  • AZD6738 biological activity RCC, renal cell carcinomas strong class="kwd-title" Keywords: Gallblader tumor, Renal cell carcinomas, Latente metastasis, Case report 1. (irjs.info)
  • However, the potential mechanisms by which it promotes invasion and metastasis have not yet been clarified. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Its prominent properties are A lack of cell differentiation Local invasion of adjoining tissue Metastasis, which is spread to distant sites through. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Although most circulating cancer cells die, an occasional cell may penetrate into tissues, generating a metastasis at a distant site. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In the present study, a bioinformatics approach was used to investigate the molecular mechanisms and prognosis of ACC. (cancerindex.org)
  • Gliomas are the most common and aggressive primary brain tumors for which unfortunately no effective treatment modalities exist despite advances in molecular biology as the knowledge base to unravel the extremely complex molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis is limited. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The researchers screened 20 solid cancer cell lines relative to gene silencing to identify a highly responsive chemo-resistant ovarian cancer cell line that underwent significant depletion in mitotic spindle-dynamics for effective experimental cancer treatment. (medicalxpress.com)
  • The outcomes highlighted the importance of the gene of interest as a therapeutic target to investigate genetically unstable ovarian cancers to further elucidate its mechanisms of action. (medicalxpress.com)
  • In collaboration with AstraZeneca, Jensen has focused on three BRCA2 reversion alleles, containing deletions in the BRCA2 gene that reactivate DNA repair functions, in tumor cell DNA from ovarian cancer patients who relapsed on a PARP inhibitor. (yale.edu)
  • We investigated a panel of 34 known high/moderate-risk cancer genes, including 16 related to breast or ovarian cancer (BC/OC) genes, and 63 candidate genes to BC/OC in 192 clinically suspicious of hereditary breast/ovarian cancer (HBOC) Spanish families without pathogenic variants in BRCA1 or BRCA2 (BRCA1/2). (cancerindex.org)
  • Typically, rapidly proliferating tumor cells have glycolytic rates up to 200 times higher than those of their normal tissue of origin, even in the presence of oxygen [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • All cancers start when a gene mutation gives rise to a faulty protein that plays a key role in cell reproduction. (texasgateway.org)
  • Thus, most cancers cells develop numerous mechanisms to decrease p53 expression and bypass the cell cycle checkpoint. (aprofarm.org)
  • Many chemotherapeutic agents explore defects in the cell cycle machinery of cancer cells to halt the cycle through mitosis inhibition. (medicalxpress.com)
  • PD-1 inhibition (Figure 1) has quickly become a front-line therapy for non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma . (shu.edu)
  • As shown in Figure 4c, Gleevec treatment resulted in almost complete inhibition of hTERT phosphorylation at tyrosine residues compared to control cells. (rafinhibitors.com)
  • On the contrary, enhanced glycolysis could be linked to the cell death observed 48 hours after imatinib withdrawal as inhibition of glycolysis by 2 deoxyglucose completely rescued cells from imatinib withdrawal induced death. (rafinhibitors.com)
  • A significant, although incomplete, inhibition of cell death was also observed upon partial deprivation of glutamine from the medium and inhibition Celastrol of glutaminase activity using the glutaminase inhibitor 6 diazo 5 oxo l norleucine. (rafinhibitors.com)
  • ERKi treatment of cells drives the poly-ubiquitylation and proteasome-dependent turnover of ERK2 and pharmacological or genetic inhibition of Cullin-RING E3 ligases prevents this. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Senescence is activated through an interaction between the p16 and p53 tumor-suppressor genes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Senescent cells can be identified in vitro because they express senescence-associated β-galactosidase, a marker of increased lysosomal activity. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Interestingly, replication stress in Brca2-null cells activates p53 and the expression of its target genes, including senescence-inducing Ink4/Arf. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Given the previously reported role of DUSP4 as a p53 target, a potential cell cycle checkpoint, and in mediating senescence downstream of replication stress, we hypothesized that DUSP4 may be a critical oncogenic driver in breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our findings revealed that different genetic backgrounds of HCT116 and HT29 cell lines resulted in divergent responses to the combination treatments. (frontiersin.org)
  • Exposure of RB-proficient cells to cisplatin, etoposide, or 5-fluorouracil elicited arrest in various phases of the cell cycle while lines deficient for RB exhibited different checkpoint responses. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Despite this, clinical responses are typically transient as tumour cells develop resistance. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Together, the data support a possible thiol mediated transcarbamoylating mechanism linking MDI exposure to pathogenic eosinophilic inflammatory responses. (cdc.gov)
  • Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a nonmelanocytic skin cancer (ie, an epithelial tumor) that arises from basal cells (ie, small, round cells found in the lower layer of the epidermis). (medscape.com)
  • In this work, Chatterjee and the team screened the effect of CKAP5 silencing in solid cancer cell lines and in normal non-cancer epithelial cell lines as a negative control. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Using a genetically engineered mouse model, we generated mammary-specific Dusp4 -deleted primary epithelial cells to investigate the necessary conditions in which DUSP4 loss may drive breast cancer oncogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) originates from either the cancerous renal cortex or renal tubular epithelial cells, and is the second most lethal urological malignancy, accounting for 90-95% of kidney neoplasms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MSI is also observed in non small cell lung cancer but the prognosis with this pattern is poor. (medium.com)
  • The ATR kinase communicates DNA damage to the cell and activates DNA damage checkpoints, which arrest the cell cycle to provide time for repairs. (yale.edu)
  • In addition, RB overexpression resulted in restoration of the G1 arrest mechanism. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Selumetinib causes long-term G1 arrest accompanied by reduced expression of DNA replication and repair genes, but cells stochastically re-enter the cell cycle during treatment despite continued repression of pERK1/2. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Overexpression of the solute carrier family 14 member 1 gene could abolish hypoxia-induced invasion, reduce the migration of A498 cells, inhibit the hypoxia-induced release of inflammatory cytokines, and arrest the cell cycle at the G1/S checkpoint. (biomedcentral.com)
  • If changes to the DNA nucleotide sequence occur within a coding portion of a gene and are not corrected, a gene mutation results. (texasgateway.org)
  • If a cell cannot reproduce, the mutation is not propagated and the damage is minimal. (texasgateway.org)
  • Occasionally, however, a gene mutation causes a change that increases the activity of a positive regulator. (texasgateway.org)
  • One culprit that has been identified is the p53 protein (coded for by the p53 gene), a major regulator at the G 1 checkpoint. (texasgateway.org)
  • Dual specificity protein phosphatase 4 (DUSP4) is a critical negative regulator of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and is often deleted or epigenetically silenced in tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2), a cell cycle checkpoint regulator gene, codes for a kinase protein activated in response to radiation and other agents that cause breaks in the DNA. (termedia.pl)
  • Although highly preliminary, the findings suggest that different tumor biological factors may predict response to different chemotherapy regimens with distinct mechanisms of action. (lu.se)
  • This was regulated by the hedgehog pathway (Gli2, Bmi1, and Sox 2) to promote tumour initiation and maintenance [41]. (globaltechbiz.com)
  • In higher eukaryotes, various DNA repair mechanism are involved in the repair of the specific damage caused by both, exogenous and endogenous factors. (insta.tel)
  • This gene encodes a member of the RecA/Rad51-related protein family that participates in homologous recombination to maintain chromosome stability and repair DNA damage. (cancerindex.org)
  • One of the treatments applied in cancer is radiotherapy (RT), a therapeutic modality that uses ionizing radiation to induce damage in unwanted cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • The main goal of RT consists in delivering a precise dose of radiation in a target volume, such as tumor, promoting the tumor cells eradication with as minimal damage as possible in surrounding normal tissues ( 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Surveillance is a key control integrated in many multi-functions and mechanisms including DNA damage checkpoint, DNA repair machinery and mitotic checkpoint. (medium.com)
  • Recent advances in understanding of the mechanisms involved in DNA damage signaling and repair have opened up a new avenue in treatment of breast cancer, i.e. (termedia.pl)
  • Tissue microarrays were utilized to investigate the expression of genes in a large number of tumor samples and to identify overexpressed genes which could be potentially causing tumorigenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Abnormalities in this process lead to a group of diseases known as myeloid malignancies, which include acute myeloid leukaemia-in which the bone marrow produces abnormal white blood cells-and myelodysplastic syndromes, which are caused by too few mature blood cells being produced. (elifesciences.org)
  • This deletion is only ever seen in one of their two copies of the chromosome-suggesting that at least some of these genes are essential for survival-but the identity of the gene(s) that are associated with the increased risk of myeloid malignancies is unknown. (elifesciences.org)
  • used gene silencing techniques to reduce the expression of MYBL2 in mice and showed that this induced symptoms of myeloid malignancies in the animals. (elifesciences.org)
  • In addition to revealing a new tumor suppressor gene and its contribution to myeloid malignancies, the study by Heinrichs et al. (elifesciences.org)
  • So when a $1 million grant became available for BRCA gene research from the Gray Foundation in 2018, a diverse team of Yale experts whose perspectives on BRCA gene-driven malignancies provide a 360-degree view from bench to bedside combined their collective skills to secure the sizable gift . (yale.edu)
  • There are three main histological subtypes of RCC, including clear cell RCC (ccRCC), papillary RCC, and chromophobe RCC, which jointly represent over 85% of all primary renal malignancies [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Downregulation of CDC2 could potentialy inhibit human gliomas cells growth ex vivo and in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Interestingly, tumors with both negative mdm-2 and p21 expression, irrespective of p53 status, had a high response rate to docetaxel but no response to MF. (lu.se)
  • Interestingly, Wnt Pathway we found a significant increase in tyrosine phosphorylation at the corresponding molecular weight of hTERT in K562 cells compared to HL60 cells. (rafinhibitors.com)
  • Although traditionally associated with the last stages of the disease, recent findings with minimally transformed pretumorigenic primary human cells indicate that the ability to generate drug resistance arises early during the tumorigenic process, before the full transformation. (nature.com)
  • The Warburg phenotype provides tumors an enhanced resistance against cytotoxic insults. (springer.com)
  • Here, we investigate amplification events that underlie resistance to the MEK inhibitor selumetinib (AZD6244/ARRY-142886) in COLO205 cells, a well-characterized model for reproducible emergence of drug resistance, and show that amplifications acquired are the primary cause of resistance. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Our findings demonstrate that acquisition of MEK inhibitor resistance often occurs through gene amplification and can be suppressed by impeding cell cycle entry in drug. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Unfortunately, the traditional treatment methods of chemotherapy and radiotherapy have proven to be ineffective and lead to multidrug resistance in target cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The primary treatment procedure includes maximal surgical resection of the tumor, followed by neoadjuvant chemotherapy with a drug combination. (medicalxpress.com)
  • The results of our phenotype analysis also indicate that it is more likely that a panel of tumor biological factors instead of only one single factor may be needed for better prediction of chemotherapy response. (lu.se)
  • 2.?Case demonstration Male individual, 74 years of age, 9 years correct videolaparoscopic radical nephrectomy for quality 2 clear-cell adenocarcinoma post, T3BN0M0 (not put through systemic chemotherapy), during annual starting point on personal practice setting, it had been found out a gallbladder polyp with 0.7? (irjs.info)
  • Background Renal cell carcinomas (CCR) account for 90% of renal tumors. (irjs.info)
  • Clear Cell (CC) RCC is the most common type of renal cancer, accounting for 75% of all primary kidney tumours [1]. (irjs.info)
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and mechanism of hypoxia-induced renal cell carcinoma and provide evidence-based medical proof for improvements to postoperative nursing of renal cell carcinoma patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A total of 64 patients with renal cell carcinoma were divided into the observation group (nursing based on oxygen administration) and the control group (conventional nursing). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Renal function indexes, serum inflammatory factors, and tumor markers were evaluated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The human renal cell carcinoma cell line A498 under hypoxia/normoxia was used as an experimental model in vitro and the biological characteristics and mitochondrial function of the cells were assessed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nursing based on oxygen administration decreased the value of renal function indexes, serum inflammatory factors, and tumor markers in renal cell carcinoma patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These data reveal that nursing based on oxygen administration can improve the clinical efficacy of renal cell carcinoma therapies, being safe and effective. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The results elucidate a mechanism wherein the solute carrier family 14 member 1 gene participates in the occurrence and development of hypoxia-induced renal cell carcinoma in a mitochondria-dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The treatment for renal parenchymal tumors has changed over time, and this trend continues today as a result of technological progress made with clinical research and improved diagnostic and therapeutic tools. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages: We are presently engaged in a pilot study investigating the potential of the ZFP36L1 protein as a therapeutic target in osteosarcoma cells. (westminster.ac.uk)
  • These findings implicate temporal modulation of the cell cycle as an important consideration in the context of therapeutic strategies that combine genotoxic agents with immune checkpoint blockade. (nature.com)
  • Therefore, it is necessary to further explore the molecular mechanism of CRC occurrence and development, which can also lay the foundation for finding new therapeutic targets and developing novel drugs for CRC. (hindawi.com)
  • In this study, we investigated a plausible therapeutic synergism of a triple combination of CBD/CBG, curcumin, and piperine in the colon adenocarcinoma using HCT116 and HT29 cell lines. (frontiersin.org)
  • The relationship between miRNAs and cancer was demonstrated for the first time in 2002, with miRNAs being stated as a potential mechanism that may contribute to improve some cancer therapeutic approaches through restoring or blocking the miRNAs function ( 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • We review the possible roles for calorie restriction (CR) and very low carbohydrate ketogenic diets (KDs) in modulating the five R's of radiotherapy to improve the therapeutic window between tumor control and normal tissue complication probability. (springer.com)
  • Cancer Cell Metabolism: Unique Features Inform New Therapeutic Opportunities. (nyas.org)
  • The phosphorylation of pRB, and relief of transcriptional repression by pRB induces genes involved in the induction of S-phase entry. (shu.edu)
  • The essential feature of the loop is that long-term activation of the checkpoint gene CDKN1A (p21) induces mitochondrial dysfunction and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through serial signalling through GADD45-MAPK14(p38MAPK)-GRB2-TGFBR2-TGF beta. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • It was identified that the nuclear division cycle 80, cyclin B2 and topoisomerase 2‑α may serve important roles in adrenocortical tumor development. (cancerindex.org)
  • The change in the cell that results from the malformed protein may be minor-perhaps a slight delay in the binding of Cdk to cyclin or an Rb protein that detaches from its target DNA while still phosphorylated. (texasgateway.org)
  • p27 is a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor that blocks the activity of Cyclin E-CDK2, which phosphorylates pRb, thereby ushering the cell from G1 into S phase through the Restriction point (Figure 2). (shu.edu)
  • Increasingly numerous results have demonstrated overexpression of CDC2/Cyclin B1 in various tumors however there is still no report of CDC2/Cyclin B1 expression in clinical samples from patients with gliomas. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, these three genes predicted overall survival and recurrence‑free survival in patients with ACC from the TCGA cohort. (cancerindex.org)
  • Despite the presence of several repair mechanisms, it is likely that certain errors that are improperly repaired or entirely unrepaired, may interfere with the DNA replication process. (insta.tel)
  • One of the critical processes monitored by the cell cycle checkpoint surveillance mechanism is the proper replication of DNA during the S phase. (texasgateway.org)
  • As part of a program to explore bacterial metabolites with immunomodulatory potential, S. pyogenes metabolites were assayed in a cell-based immune assay, and a single membrane lipid, 18:1/18:0/18:1/18:0 cardiolipin, was identified. (bvsalud.org)
  • Moreover, STING loss prevented the regression of abscopal tumours in the context of ionizing radiation and immune checkpoint blockade in vivo . (nature.com)
  • But, how does PD-1 blunt the anti-tumor immune response? (shu.edu)
  • Students look at the evolutionary ecology of mechanisms used by immune systems to recognize and kill parasites, finding similarities across animal taxa. (princeton.edu)
  • Finally, students will map immune mechanisms onto host phylogenies to understand the order in which different mechanisms arose over evolutionary time. (princeton.edu)
  • Cancer cells often present neoantigens on their cell surface that can be detected as "non-self" by the immune system, resulting in an attack by the immune system. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Although, non-psychoactive cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG) display antineoplastic effects by repressing tumor growth and angiogenesis both in cell line and animal models, their use as chemotherapeutic agents is awaiting further investigation. (frontiersin.org)
  • The protein is associated with microtubules , and Chatterjee and colleagues silenced the gene via short interfering RNA (siRNA) a molecular biological mechanism to study genes, targeting the CKAP5 encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles for in vivo delivery. (medicalxpress.com)
  • ZAR2 binds to BRCA2/ZAR2 bi-directional promoter in vivo and is responsible, at least in part, for the silencing of BRCA2 gene expression in the G0/G1 phase in human breast cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This technique provides an unprecedented opportunity to identify cells in vivo and comprehensively characterize their transcriptomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Retroviral vectors expressing short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeted against CDC2 were designed and transducted into human glioma cell line ex vivo in order to downregulate the expression of CDC2. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Following ex vivo study, viral particles containing small interfering RNA for CDC2 were subsequently injected into xenogeneic graft tumor of nude mice and the weight of human glioma xenografts, survival and resulting phenotypic changes of target gene were investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • His work has led to one of the first CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing tools for in vivo gene therapy. (stanford.edu)
  • The mechanisms by which isocyanates cause asthma remain unclear, hampering disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.7 It is assumed the reactive nature of N=C=O groups underlies isocyanate asthma, with a hapten-based mechanism as the most obvious pathway to pathogenesis.8 However, the critical "self" reaction targets for isocyanate in vivo remain uncertain. (cdc.gov)
  • In contrast to normal cells, most cancer cells predominantly produce energy by a high rate of glycolysis followed by lactate fermentation, even in the presence of oxygen, a less efficient metabolism compared to a low rate of glycolysis followed by mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • It is suggested that curcumin can selectively kill tumor cells through its multifaceted metabolic effects, that culminate in its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities ( Hewlings and Kalman, 2017 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • DNA alteration give cancerous cells a growth advantage and are selectively malignantly transformed cells. (medium.com)
  • The gene, which is called MYBL2 , encodes a transcription factor that helps to control the cell division cycle. (elifesciences.org)
  • This gene encodes a DNA topoisomerase, an enzyme that controls and alters the topologic states of DNA during transcription. (cancerindex.org)
  • This gene encodes a protein phosphatase 1 binding protein. (nih.gov)
  • A common deleted region (CDR) in both myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) affects the long arm of chromosome 20 and has been predicted to harbor a tumor suppressor gene. (elifesciences.org)
  • Many individuals affected by these disorders possess a shortened form of chromosome 20 that lacks a number of genes. (elifesciences.org)
  • have uncovered a key tumor suppressor among those genes frequently lost on chromosome 20. (elifesciences.org)
  • This gene is localized to chromosome 20 and has pseudogenes which reside on chromosomes 1 and 22. (cancerindex.org)
  • Molecular genetic studies of familial cancer syndromes identified and defined the recessive nature of tumor suppressor genes and resolved the paradox of why tumors arising in such families exhibited an autosomally dominant pattern of inheritance. (scienceopen.com)
  • The currently used diagnostic test for FA relies on the increased chromosomal breakage and radial formation of FA cells in response to diepoxybutane (DEB) compared with cells from healthy control subjects, 15 , 16 or from patients with other chromosomal instability disorders 17 or genetic syndromes. (ashpublications.org)
  • The evolving concept of the gene, of genetic interactions and gene networks, as well as chromosome mechanics will be the focus of the course. (princeton.edu)
  • Postoperative radiation can also be a useful adjunct when patients have aggressive tumors that were treated surgically or when surgery has failed to clear the margins of the tumor. (medscape.com)
  • Functional conservation of the PER gene is shown in a study by Shigeyoshi et al. (wikipedia.org)
  • As is the case with other recently discovered immunomodulatory lipids, MiCL-1 requires functional TLR2 and TLR1 but not TLR6 in cell-based assays. (bvsalud.org)
  • Thirty SNPs of well-defined functional genes were investigated. (cancerindex.org)
  • Here, we aim to provide an overview on the mechanisms of miRNA biogenesis and to discuss the functional impact of miRNAs on PCa under radiation response. (frontiersin.org)
  • Compared to HL60 cells, the tyrosine phosphorylation level in K562 cells was markedly increased, suggesting that the increase in tyrosine phosphorylation is due to BCR ABL tyrosine kinase activity, which was confirmed by the expression of BCR ABL shown only in K562 cells. (rafinhibitors.com)
  • Cyclic AMP exhibits its mechanism via protein kinase mediated system. (globaltechbiz.com)
  • Specifically, we discuss how the interaction of p53 with DNA and chromatin affects gene expression, and how p53 post-translational modifications, its temporal expression dynamics and its interactions with chromatin regulators and transcription factors influence cell fate. (nih.gov)
  • The PER1 mRNA is expressed in all cells, acting as a part of a transcription-translation negative feedback mechanism, which creates a cell autonomous molecular clock. (wikipedia.org)
  • A five-week graduate survey course concentrating on biochemical mechanisms of gene transcription. (mcb-seattle.edu)
  • BRCA2 gene promoter has bi-directional activity, expressing BRCA2 and a novel C4-type zinc finger containing transcription factor ZAR2. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The top 14 hub genes were subsequently confirmed by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction in ACC and adrenocortical adenoma samples. (cancerindex.org)
  • Subsequently, T cells receiving PD-1 signals displayed impaired Cdk2 activation and failed to phosphorylate two critical Cdk2 substrates, the retinoblastoma gene product (Rb) and the TGFβ-specific transcription factor Smad3 , leading to suppression of E2F target genes but enhanced Smad3 transactivation (Figure 3). (shu.edu)
  • Healthy tissues carefully control their cell growth and division cycle and ensure cell number homeostasis, which preserves tissue architecture and function. (biomedcentral.com)
  • External insults (eg, infections, radiation, drugs) may disrupt stem cell homeostasis in marrow environment, leading to altered growth. (medscape.com)
  • The expression level of NEK6 in esophagitis tissue is similar to that in esophageal adenocarcinoma, and overexpression of the NEK6 gene increases in proportion to the severity of esophagitis [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The slowing in growth rate may be related to exhaustion of the supply of nutrients and oxygen for the rapidly expanding tumor. (msdmanuals.com)
  • p53, mdm-2, p21, and mib-1 expression were assessed by immunohistochemical methods in primary tumors derived from 134 patients who took part in a randomized multicenter trial comparing docetaxel to sequential methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (MF) in advanced breast cancer. (lu.se)
  • Materials and methods: We investigated the consequence of reintroduction of RB on checkpoint response and chemosensitivity in NSCLC cell lines. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Inflammatory gene expression following genotoxic cancer therapy is well documented, yet the events underlying its induction remain poorly understood. (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, the underlying molecular mechanism of carcinogenesis is poorly understood, and prognostic prediction of ACC has low accuracy. (cancerindex.org)
  • In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of miRNAs targeting NEK6 in COAD cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Triple treatment showed synergism in terms of exhibiting anti-tumorigenic effects by activating the Hippo YAP signaling pathway in the HCT116 cell line. (frontiersin.org)
  • Scientists working in basic, translational, and clinical cancer metabolism research are invited to join the Academy in New York on April 17th to discuss the intersection between cell signaling and metabolism. (nyas.org)
  • The transition of one phase to the other in the Go/G1, S, and G2/M phases of the cell cycle in malignancy cells occurs only after passing through the checkpoints, regulated by cyclins and CDKs, which is usually impaired in malignancy. (globaltechbiz.com)
  • The second group includes cell- or tissue-specific factors. (nature.com)
  • Overall, 40 genes were upregulated in proliferative hepatocytes from para-carcinoma tissue, whereas no upregulated genes were detected in those from HCC tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Twelve of the genes, including HAMP , were specifically expressed in the liver tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2) a subset of macrophages expressing SLC40A1 and genes reacting to various infections is present in para-carcinoma but not in HCC tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, a subset of macrophages expressing SLC40A1 and genes reacting to various infections was absent in HCC tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The non-tumor tissues include the para-carcinoma tissue, which is generally within 3 cm of the cancer foci's edge and the normal tissue that is at least 5 cm away from the cancer foci's edge. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Low-power view of hematoxylin-eosin-stained bone marrow showing hypocellularity, with increased adipose tissue and decreased hematopoietic cells in the marrow space. (medscape.com)
  • Downregulated adipose tissue expression of browning genes with increased environmental temperatures. (medscape.com)
  • 5) increasing the intrinsic radioresistance of normal cells through ketone bodies but decreasing that of tumor cells by targeting glycolysis. (springer.com)
  • Radioresistance of these tumors can be ascribed to two factors: environmental and intrinsic. (springer.com)
  • In the three years since, Yale's team has made significant advances in targeting the BRCA gene-dependent DNA repair axis for cancer therapy. (yale.edu)
  • Here the current status and progresses of cancer stem cells theory is illustrated and via providing a panoramic view of cancer therapy, we addressed the recent controversies regarding the feasibility of cancer stem cells targeted anti-cancer therapy. (scienceopen.com)
  • Knowledge of RB-dependent chemosensitivity may ultimately contribute to individualized therapy based on molecular characterization of tumors. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Although patients with FA are candidates for bone marrow transplantation or gene therapy, their phenotypic heterogeneity can delay or obscure diagnosis. (ashpublications.org)
  • From these results, it was suggested that CDC2 might be a potential target on gene therapy of human gliomas. (biomedcentral.com)
  • DNA repair targeted therapy, which kills cancer cells preventing DNA repair [1-3]. (termedia.pl)
  • The specific medications administered depend on the choice of therapy and whether it is supportive care only, immunosuppressive therapy, or hematopoietic cell transplantation. (medscape.com)