Mechanism oxidative. Medical search. Frequent questions

Dichlorofluorescein fluorescence increased during the reincubation phase, indicating increased oxidative stress. (aspetjournals.org)
The oxidative phase occurs with increased oxidative stress, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, MPT, and toxicity. (aspetjournals.org)

The mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation. (eurekamag.com)
Oxidative phosphorylation is the energy-yielding metabolic process of aerobic organisms. (microbeonline.com)
NADH (nicotinamide adenosine diphosphate hydrogen) and FADH 2 (flavin adenosine dinucleotide hydrogen), both are electron carriers and help in the generation of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. (microbeonline.com)
The mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation is based on chemiosmotic theory , which states that the difference in proton concentration between the membranes of mitochondria acts as the reservoir for the energy generated from biological oxidation reactions. (microbeonline.com)
A series of events occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, broadly classified under electron transport chain and ATP synthesis. (microbeonline.com)
Oxidative phosphorylation or electron transport-linked phosphorylation is the metabolic pathway in which cells use enzymes to oxidize nutrients, thereby releasing the chemical energy of molecular oxygen, which is used to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP). (udemy.com)
Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. (udemy.com)
These questions will give you basic idea for Examination Preparation and/or interview on Oxidative Phosphorylation and Nitrogen Metabolism. (udemy.com)
Estrogens decrease osteoclast number by attenuating mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production in early osteoclast precursors. (bvsalud.org)
Instead, using microarray analysis we have elucidated that ERα-mediated estrogen signaling in osteoclast progenitors decreases " oxidative phosphorylation " and the expression of mitochondria complex I genes . (bvsalud.org)
Mechanistically, CXCL14 upregulated inflammatory cytokine signaling but downregulated mTOR signaling and oxidative phosphorylation in CML LSCs. (lu.se)

Role of oxidative stress-mediated cell death and signaling pathways in experimental fluorosis. (fluoridealert.org)

Living organisms are frequently exposed to oxidative stress and toxic insults, like radiation, UV light, air pollution, toxins and others. (springer.com)

Oxidative stress generated during such stressful conditions may damage DNA and proteins, and as a consequence the cellular processes are disturbed. (springer.com)
The formation of reactive oxygen species, the damage caused by them in various tissues, the role of inflammatory mediators or enzymatic scavengers in oxidative stress pathogenesis, and the loss of integrity of antioxidant defense systems have been documented in different aspects of the critical illness. (hindawi.com)
In addition, we found that isolated islets from Chop -/- mice displayed increased expression of UPR and oxidative stress response genes and reduced levels of oxidative damage. (jci.org)
Regarding the anti-oxidative effects on the central nervous system, the possible protection against brain tissues oxidative damage as a possible mechanism for improving effects of low doses of estradiol on scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairments was investigated in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. (ac.ir)
These results allow us to suggest a protection against brain tissues oxidative damage as a possible mechanism for improving effects of low doses of estradiol on scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairments in OVX rats. (ac.ir)
Plants have evolved defense mechanisms for the production of antioxidants to detoxify the ROS and to protect the plant against oxidative damage. (biomedcentral.com)
2010 ). These toxic molecules can cause oxidative damage to lipids by lipid peroxidation, to DNA by affecting nucleic acids, and to enzyme inhibition by protein oxidation that promotes programmed cell death (PCD) (Apel and Hirt 2004 ). (biomedcentral.com)
therefore, plants have evolved a complex array of enzymatic and non-enzymatic detoxification mechanisms to combat oxidative damage due to ROS. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, gene overexpression is also frequently associated to antifungal resistance as well as an increase in the activity of proteins that reduce oxidative damage. (intechopen.com)
The purpose of the current study is to investigate the effect of aquatic Rosa damascena extract against the oxidative damage induced by aluminum chloride intoxication in Alzheimer's model of Wister rats. (scienceopen.com)
Our results illustrate that administration of R. damascene extract has a protective effect against the oxidative damage induced by AlCl 3 intoxication in Alzheimer's model. (scienceopen.com)
Intrauterine and Postnatal Exposure to High Levels of Fluoride Is Associated with Motor Impairments, Oxidative Stress, and Morphological Damage in the Cerebellum of Offspring Rats. (fluoridealert.org)
Oxidative DNA damage and repair, and applications in environmental toxicology. (nist.gov)
Oxidative DNA damage and its repair: Mechanisms, measurement and biological consequences. (nist.gov)
Endocrine dysfunction is the most common and earliest organ toxicity seen in subjects with chronic iron-induced cellular oxidative damage and can be seen in those without clinical evidence of iron overload. (medscape.com)
NADPH maintains hemoglobin in the ferrous state by forming reduced glutathione, which prevents oxidative damage ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
NO is also involved in cell kil ing but often used as a marker of oxidative Hanahan and Weinberg (2011), i n can also react with superoxide at DNA damage, although other bas- their landmark review "Hallmarks diffusion-limited rates to form per- es are also susceptible to oxidation. (who.int)

As summarized in this article, many interventions and therapeutics have been proposed and investigated to combat the viral infection-induced inflammation and oxidative stress that contributes to the etiology and pathogenesis of COVID-19. (hho-bulgaria.com)
Conclusion: Our data demonstrated that inhalation exposure of rats to CNC resulted in lung toxicity mediated mainly through the induction of inflammation and oxidative stress. (cdc.gov)

HO-1 and their products exert beneficial effects through the protection against oxidative injury, regulation of apoptosis, modulation of inflammation as well as contribution to angiogenesis. (springer.com)
These include regulation of cell cycle, activation of mitochondrial pathway, induction of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, induction of apoptosis, modulation of oxidative stress, amelioration of inflammation, modulation of insulin signaling and inhibition of angiogenesis. (mdpi.com)
The infection induces pathological responses including increased inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. (hho-bulgaria.com)
These findings suggest that CHOP is a fundamental factor that links protein misfolding in the ER to oxidative stress and apoptosis in β cells under conditions of increased insulin demand. (jci.org)

But the underlying molecular mechanisms of Rhizoma coptidis are still far from being fully elucidated. (springer.com)
In this review, we studied on the effects and molecular mechanisms of Rhizoma coptidis on NF-κB/MAPK/PI3K-Akt/AMPK/ERS and oxidative stress pathways. (springer.com)
There are many researches on Rhizoma coptidis, but most of them are only a small part of the whole molecular mechanisms. (springer.com)
As a traditional Chinese medicine, Rhizoma coptidis has excellent therapeutic effects on various diseases, but the underlying systematic molecular mechanisms are still far from being fully elucidated. (springer.com)
The physiological and molecular mechanisms of tolerance to osmotic and ionic components of salinity stress are reviewed at the cellular, organ, and whole-plant level. (nih.gov)
Since OS-sensitive neurons might be the ones that degenerate early during the aging process or in certain neurodegenerative diseases [ 1 ], study of the molecular mechanisms of SNV to OS may offer insights into both aging-associated and disease-initiated neurodegeneration, as well as provide leads to the protection of vulnerable neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
Several molecular mechanisms with antifungal agents have been reported for C. albicans where insertions, deletions, and point mutations in genes codifying target proteins are frequently related to the antifungal drug resistance. (intechopen.com)
This chapter summarizes the main molecular mechanisms to C. albicans antifungal drug resistance, besides offering an overview of new antifungal agents and new antifungal targets to combat fungal infections. (intechopen.com)
The objectives of the current study were to determine the lung toxicity of CNC and the underlying molecular mechanisms of the toxicity. (cdc.gov)

Special cellular machinery should be activated to fight against increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level to protect from oxidative injury. (springer.com)
All oxidative breakdowns of carbohydrates, fats, and amino acids intersect at this final stage of cellular respiration. (microbeonline.com)
Their chaperone activity is independent of ATP, a feature that becomes especially important under oxidative stress conditions, where cellular ATP levels drop and canonical ATP-dependent chaperones no longer operate. (nih.gov)
We will give an overview over the different strategies that cells evolved to rapidly increase the pool of ATP-independent chaperones upon oxidative stress and provide mechanistic insights into how stress conditions are used to convert abundant cellular proteins into ATP-independent holding chaperones. (nih.gov)
In contrast to its normal counterparts, the initiated cell can escape from cellular control mechanisms when responding to external or intercellular signals 5 . (bvsalud.org)

Mechanisms allowing autophagy machinery to detect damaged mitochondria producing elevated levels of reactive oxygen species will be discussed. (dundee.ac.uk)
Oxidative reactive species in cell injury: Mechanisms in diabetes mellitus and therapeutic approaches. (uchicago.edu)
Oxidative stress occurs when crop plants are exposed to extreme abiotic conditions that lead to the excessive production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). (biomedcentral.com)
The data suggest a scavenging mechanism of metronidazole on reactive oxygen species generated by PMN. (who.int)
respiratory burst (the rapid release of Reactions of oxygen radicals with Mitochondrial oxidative phosphor- reactive oxygen species from cells) cel ular components can deplete an- ylation is a major source of oxy- that involves nicotinamide adenine tioxidants, can cause direct oxidative gen radicals of endogenous origin. (who.int)

Mechanisms of pathogenesis of atherosclerosis are complex interplay between bloodstream cells and arterial wall components that leads to a chronic state of vascular oxidative stress and inflammation ( Hansson and Hermansson, 2011 ). (frontiersin.org)
In this review, we briefly summarize the pathogenesis of NAFLD and factors that influence the progression of NAFLD, and focus on the potential mechanisms of BBR in the treatment of NAFLD. (mdpi.com)
Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation play important roles in the pathogenesis of AD. (nature.com)
Our study identified 9 key genes associated with oxidative stress and immune reaction in AD pathogenesis. (nature.com)
Despite recent advances in new understanding of AD pathogenesis and improved management strategies, the mechanism underlying AD pathogenesis is not completely understood. (nature.com)

Anti-oxidative enzymes of plants include glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione S-transferase (GST), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR), peroxide reduction (PRX), mono-hydro ascorbate reductase (MDAR), and catalase (CAT). (biomedcentral.com)
We provide an overview of anti-oxidative defense enzymes involved in the cotton plant for ROS detoxification under various stresses. (biomedcentral.com)

Scholars@Duke publication: Mechanisms of resistance to oxidative and nitrosative stress: implications for fungal survival in mammalian hosts. (duke.edu)
Oxygen deprivation in newborns leads to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, whose hallmarks are oxidative/nitrosative stress, energetic metabolism alterations, nutrient deficiency, and motor behavior disability. (hindawi.com)

Decarboxylation in metabolism can be either non-oxidative or oxidative. (wikipedia.org)
Aβ-mediated oxidative stress results in mitochondrial dysfunction, impairment of glucose metabolism, loss of proteostasis and synaptic plasticity, altered signal transduction, neuroinflammation, and progressive loss of neurons 9 . (nature.com)

These data are consistent with a hypothesis where APAP-induced cell death occurs by two phases, a metabolic phase and an oxidative phase. (aspetjournals.org)
Oxidative stress and inflammation in the vascular wall are essential mechanisms of atherosclerosis and vascular dysfunctions associated with risk factors such as metabolic diseases, aging, hypertension, etc. (frontiersin.org)
Operation and mechanism of metabolic pathways is provided by proteins. (udemy.com)
Oxidative stress is involved in the modulation of gene expression patterns and metabolic activities, characterized by the disruption of redox homeostasis 7 . (nature.com)

Shen J, Wu J. Nicotinic cholinergic mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease. (ac.ir)

Lozano-Sepulveda SA, Bryan-Marrugo OL, Cordova-Fletes C, Gutierrez-Ruiz MC, Rivas-Estilla AM. Oxidative stress modulation in hepatitis C virus infected cells. (wjgnet.com)

Oxidative decarboxylation is a decarboxylation reaction caused by oxidation. (wikipedia.org)
Pyruvate catalytic reaction catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase system is a special decarboxylation method, namely oxidative decarboxylation, which is different from the common decarboxylation reaction, namely common decarboxylation. (wikipedia.org)
The oxidative decarboxylation reaction is catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase system, which includes three different enzymes: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2), dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3), six cofactors: thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), lipoamide, coenzyme A (CoA), flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), magnesium ion, and one co-substrate: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). (wikipedia.org)
To sum up, in the oxidative decarboxylation reaction, there is both an oxidation reaction and a decarboxylation. (wikipedia.org)
For simple decarboxylation reaction, the enzyme involved in this reaction is pyruvate decarboxylase, which is different from oxidative decarboxylation. (wikipedia.org)
TPP is the key catalytic cofactor used by enzymes catalyzing non-oxidative and oxidative decarboxylation of α-keto acids. (wikipedia.org)
As part of the PDH complex, TPP assists in oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate. (wikipedia.org)
Study of the mechanism of oxidative decarboxylation. (ubc.ca)
A kinetic study of the mechanism of oxidative decarboxylation of α-hydroxy acids by bromine water throughout the pH range revealed two distinct reactions paths. (ubc.ca)
Results are also presented of: 1) A preliminary investigation of oxidative decarboxylation of α-amino acids by bromine water. (ubc.ca)

Evidence presented in this review implicated that Rhizoma coptidis exerted beneficial effects on various diseases by regulation of NF-κB/MAPK/PI3K-Akt/AMPK/ERS and oxidative stress pathways, which support the clinical application of Rhizoma coptidis and offer references for future researches. (springer.com)
Oxidative stress pathways are caused by the imbalance of oxidation and antioxidation in body. (springer.com)
Oxidative stress pathways regulate redox balance by Nrf2 and other ways. (springer.com)
In this review, we sorted out the relationship of Rhizoma coptidis among components, diseases and NF-κB/MAPK/PI3K/Akt/AMPK/ERS/oxidative stress pathways, systematically studying on how Rhizoma coptidis exerts beneficial effects to various diseases, which supported the clinical application of Rhizoma coptidis and provided references for the future researches. (springer.com)

The group of Chromatin Biology of the IDIBELL, led by Alex Vaquero ICREA researcher, studies the role of a family of proteins called sirtuins in response to oxidative stress and its contribution to the development of diseases such as cancer and aging control. (idibell.cat)
However, the molecular mechanism underlying the dynamic nature of this epigenetic mark was not understood until recently, following the discovery that the TET proteins, a family of AlkB-like Fe(II)/α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, can oxidize 5mC to generate 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). (ox.ac.uk)
Thiol-based redox switches evolved as efficient post-translational regulatory mechanisms that enable individual proteins to rapidly respond to sudden environmental changes. (nih.gov)
Excessive production of ROS or RNS leads to oxidative modification and altered functional states of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. (biomedcentral.com)

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcriptional regulator for the protection of cells against oxidative and xenobiotic stresses. (molcells.org)
In the pre-sent study, we aimed to find small molecule compounds that enhance the sensitivity of tumor cells to cisplatin induced cytotoxicity by suppressing Nrf2-mediated defense mechanism. (molcells.org)
Neuroligin-3 activates Akt-dependent Nrf2 cascade to protect osteoblasts from oxidative stress. (fluoridealert.org)

Furthermore, the impact of several drugs and treatments on the regulation of oxidative stress in critically ill patients has been evaluated in several investigations aiming to improve outcomes in critical illness. (hindawi.com)

Evidence has been provided that activation of the vascular endothelial cells in the presence of the risk factors promotes oxidative stress and vascular inflammatory responses, leading to acceleration of atherosclerotic vascular disease. (frontiersin.org)
Recent research provides emerging evidence supporting an essential role of increased activity of arginases including arginase-I and arginase-II in causing eNOS-uncoupling, which results in vascular oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, and ultimately leading to vascular diseases. (frontiersin.org)
Herein, we systematically review the antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic mechanisms of H 2 . (hho-bulgaria.com)

mechanisms of carcinogenesis chapter 15. (who.int)

The present review summarizes information on mechanisms of AR formation, uptake of H + , SO4− $\rm SO_{4}^{-} $ and NO3− $\rm NO_{3}^{-} $ by plants, AR-induced physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes and their amelioration using potential compounds. (degruyter.com)

These results collectively indicate the chronicity of oxidative stress and an inadequate antioxidant response after a cerebral hypoxia-ischemia event and have motivated the development of preventive and therapeutic approaches against oxidative stress. (hindawi.com)

It is well known that an excessive production of free radicals contributes to an increased burden of oxidative stress that may be implicated in the pathophysiology of tissue injury of various organs and in systemic dysfunction in critically ill patients. (hindawi.com)

In the past decades, unambiguous evidence has been provided that heightened oxidative stress and vascular wall inflammation are the key mechanisms for initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and vascular diseases associated with the risk factors ( Hansson and Hermansson, 2011 ). (frontiersin.org)
There is an impendency to further explore the underlying mechanism of AD initiation and progression for developing effective intervention strategies. (nature.com)
Previous in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that oxidative stress caused by the accumulation of Aβ contributed to the initiation of AD 8 . (nature.com)

Bosch-Presegué L.*, Raurell-Vila H.*, Marazuela-Duque A.*, Kane-Goldsmith N., Valle A., Oliver J., Serrano L. and Vaquero A.* Stabilization of Suv39H1 by SirT1 is part of oxidative stress response and ensures genome protection. (idibell.cat)
Professor Alec Salt - physiologist - "inner ear reacts very differently to infrasound where there is very low background noise (eg quiet rural environments)" and at 60dBG will provoke a vestibular response and the "alerting mechanism" or "fight flight response" (levels of 60dBG are commonly being measured). (wind-watch.org)
obesity and oxidative response with tubal infertility in Nigerian women. (bvsalud.org)

The mechanism of α-hydroxy acid oxidation is compared with the oxidation pattern of alcohols and of oxalic acid in the bromine water system. (ubc.ca)

Alterations in immune and antioxidant parameters may arise from this or from an indeterminate autoimmune mechanism. (bvsalud.org)

Background: Genital tract infections and obesity are both sources of oxidative stress. (bvsalud.org)

The potential for this mechanism of biophysical interaction provides the impetus for well-designed studies to ascertain the effect of RF-EME following whole-body irradiation regimens that more accurately mimic human exposure. (nature.com)
Arsenic and fluoride co-exposure through drinking water and their impacts on intelligence and oxidative stress among rural school-aged children of Lahore and Kasur districts, Pakistan. (fluoridealert.org)
G6DP deficiency increases the risk for intravascular hemolysis upon exposure to oxidative agents, such as fava beans, sulfonamides, and hydroxychloroquine, the subject of clinical trials for persons with SARS-CoV-2 infection. (cdc.gov)

This review article will summarize the most recent findings on the functional roles of arginases in vascular diseases and/or dysfunctions and the underlying mechanisms in relation to oxidative stress and inflammations. (frontiersin.org)
Moreover, regulatory mechanisms of arginases in the vasculature are reviewed and the future perspectives of targeting arginases as therapeutic options in vascular diseases are discussed. (frontiersin.org)
Therefore, elucidation of mechanisms underlying oxidative stress and inflammations in the vascular wall will have important impact in understanding atherosclerosis and vascular diseases associated with cardiovascular risk factors and will eventually lead to novel and effective therapeutic modalities. (frontiersin.org)
Then we summarized the mechanisms of these alkaloid components of Rhizoma coptidis on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes and diabetic complications. (springer.com)
Oxidative stress (OS) is an important factor in brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases. (biomedcentral.com)

Its role in reducing oxidative stress, modulating signal transduction and influencing gene expression has opened up avenues of research that were previously unexplored. (water-for-health.co.uk)

Additionally, AR upsets the balance between AOS generation and elimination by altering the antioxidant defense system, and consequently oxidative stress in plants. (degruyter.com)

RÉSUMÉ Nous avons évalué la prévalence de la thyroïdite auto-immune dans un échantillon aléatoire de 1 188 élèves âgés de 8 à 13 ans recevant un apport d'iode standard en République islamique d'Iran. (who.int)

An intense study of the underlying mechanisms and interventions related to oxidative stress could provide further insight into the understanding of critical illness and could form the basis for novel strategic hypothesis or improved interventions in the management of critically ill patients. (hindawi.com)
We therefore invite authors to contribute original research articles as well as review articles that will stimulate the effort to understand thoroughly the underlying mechanisms of oxidative stress, to reveal its impact on major organs and systems, and to illustrate diagnostic and treatment interventions in the critically ill patient. (hindawi.com)

Mechanisms of lipid peroxide formation in animal tissues. (scienceopen.com)

Researches related to plant oxidative stresses have shown excellent potential for the development of stress-tolerant crops. (biomedcentral.com)

From initial studies focusing on its potential anti-tumor properties, the research spectrum broadened to explore H2's role in combating oxidative stress, inflammation and various other pathological conditions. (water-for-health.co.uk)

The normal balance of defensive mechanisms in plants is disturbed by abiotic stresses (Mullineaux and Baker 2010 ). (biomedcentral.com)

The article also underscores the various possible mechanisms by which honey may inhibit growth and proliferation of tumors or cancers. (mdpi.com)

Increased oxidative stress2

Phosphorylation11

Role of Oxidative Stress1

Exposed to oxidative stress1

Damage17

Inflammation and oxidative stress2

Apoptosis4

Molecular Mechanisms9

Cellular5

Reactive5

Pathogenesis5

Anti-oxidative2

Nitrosative stress2

Metabolism2

Metabolic4

Alzheimer's1

Modulation1

Decarboxylation10

Pathways4

Proteins4

Nrf23

Regulation1

Inflammatory3

Carcinogenesis1

Amelioration1

Therapeutic approaches1

Dysfunction1

Initiation3

Response3

Oxidation1

Alterations1

Obesity1

Exposure3

Diseases5

Gene expression1

Antioxidant defense1

Immune1

Interventions2

Tissues1

Researches1

Pathological1

Stresses1

Possible mechanisms1