Mechanism ovaries in vitro oocyte maturation techniques. Medical search. Frequent questions

It can be offered to women with infertility problems, combined with In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), offering women pregnancy without ovarian stimulation. (wikipedia.org)
In 1935, Pincus & Enzmann did the first experiment on immature rabbit oocyte, showing in vitro spontaneous maturation and fertilization. (wikipedia.org)
During ovulation, the primary oocyte will resume meiosis in response to signals, arresting in metaphase meiosis II, ready for fertilization. (wikipedia.org)
In the United States, Legro's team tracked thousands of women undergoing in vitro fertilization, or IVF, along with the air quality of both the IVF clinics and patients' home locations. (asu.edu)
These protease-induced decreases in IGFBP-4 and -5 likely cause increased levels of bioavailable (or free) IGFs that stimulate steroidogenesis and mitogenesis in developing dominant follicles, which ultimately prepare the follicle(s) and oocyte(s) for successful ovulation and fertilization. (bioone.org)
Usage of melatonin during in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures has been found to improve oocyte quality, survival, and fecundity. (jrhm.org)
The present review discusses methods to improve oocyte quality in older women and new stimulation protocols that may improve the number of mature oocytes retrieved during an in vitro fertilization cycle. (arvigen.com)
بهینه سازی شرایط کشت سلول برای بهبود رشد و بلوغ تخمک در IVM (In Vitro Maturation) در شرایط کشت داخل آزمایشگاهی IVF(In Vitro Fertilization) امروزه مورد توجه بسیاری از محققین قرار گرفته است، اما مکانیسم بهبود کیفیت کاملا درک نشده است. (magiran.com)
On the one hand, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are mandatory mediators for essential cellular functions including the function of germ cells (oocytes and spermatozoa) and thereby the fertilization process. (hindawi.com)
However, these techniques have to be carried out very carefully as they, if applied wrongly, bear risks of generating ROS damaging the germ cells and preventing fertilization. (hindawi.com)
This has been shown for intrauterine insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), and ICSI, and increased incidences of chromosomal abnormalities, minor and major birth defects, or early childhood cancers, particularly in the male offspring, have been linked to these procedures [ 8 - 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
Poor ovarian responders (POR) are women undergoing in-vitro fertilization who respond poorly to ovarian stimulation, resulting in the retrieval of lower number of oocytes, and subsequently lower pregnancy rates. (biomedcentral.com)
Ojeda's own work has identified a role for a different neurotrophic factor in the development and fertilization of oocytes. (the-scientist.com)
SECM technique may be a valuable tool for accurately assessing the quality of embryos and thereby contribute to improving outcomes associated with assisted reproduction, including human in vitro fertilization. (bioone.org)
Another option is assisted conception-or more commonly known as assisted reproductive technology (ARTs)-through either intrauterine insemination (IUI), where fertilization is allowed to take place internally after injection of the sperm into the woman's uterus, and in vitro fertilization (IVF), where fertilization is induced in a laboratory setting. (metroacupuncture.com)
We performed a literature review to summarize data on the assessment of fertility potential and response to in vitro fertilization techniques on BRCA mutation carriers. (bmj.com)
Following germinal vesicle break down (GVBD) the oocyte is transcriptionally quiescent until fertilization and activation of the embryonic genome, occurring at the four-cell stage of development in the pig [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
11 Among women undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer in the United States, deliveries per oocyte retrieved decreased from 36.9 percent among women under the age of 35 years to 20.5 percent among women between the ages of 38 and 40 years and to 10.7 percent among women between the ages of 41 and 42 years. (ldysinger.com)
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 1630 individuals with endometriosis who underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF) with fresh embryo transfer at the Reproductive Medicine Center of Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital from January 2018 to January 2022. (biomedcentral.com)
The ampulla serves as the physiologic site for final gamete maturation, fertilization, and early embryonic development. (medscape.com)

These then begin meiosis to form the oocyte within the primordial follicle. (wikipedia.org)
This follicle consists of the oocyte surrounded by flattened pregranulosa cells. (wikipedia.org)
Primordial follicles containing the primary oocyte, arrested at prophase of meiosis I, develop into primary follicle containing cuboidal granulosa cells. (wikipedia.org)
The dominant follicle contains the mature oocyte. (wikipedia.org)
Priming is the process by which the oocytes are primed with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) or human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) before retrieval. (wikipedia.org)
biopsied human ovarian tissue and achieved a 10% rate of maturation from unilaminar follicles into metaphase II by a multi-step culture system: 8 days of culture in a serum-free medium 8 days of culture in a serum-free medium with activin A 4 days of culture on membranes with activin A and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). (wikipedia.org)
Maintenance of meiotic arrest also depends on the presence of a multilayered complex of cells, known as a follicle, that surrounds the oocyte. (wikipedia.org)
Removal of the oocyte from the follicle causes meiosis to progress in the oocyte. (wikipedia.org)
In each menstrual cycle, human ovaries produce a single dominant follicle. (biomedcentral.com)
Growth of the dominant follicle encompasses enlargement of the oocyte, replication of follicular cells, and formation and expansion of a fluid-filled follicular antrum or cavity, providing a specialized microenvironment for the development of oocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
Previous work by lead author Gregg Adams at the University of Saskatchewan and colleagues also demonstrated that OIF injection altered the follicle maturation dynamics in cows-which ovulate spontaneously-suggesting crossover in function between these two types of ovulators. (the-scientist.com)
The oocytes compete with one another to become the dominant follicle and eventually ovulate to be released as an egg capable of being fertilized. (medscape.com)

Of these primordial follicles, only around 400 mature oocytes are released and could be potentially fertilised, with the rest undergoing atresia. (wikipedia.org)
We have recently established a novel culture system in which mouse pluripotent stem cells differentiate to mature oocytes in a manner similar to oogenesis in vivo. (researchsquare.com)

The mammalian ovary has all the molecular machinery required for the biosynthesis of melatonin and interestingly concentration of melatonin in the follicular fluid of pre-ovulatory follicles is much higher than circulatory melatonin even in humans. (jrhm.org)
Mammalian oocytes are maintained in meiotic prophase arrest for a very long time-months in mice, years in humans. (wikipedia.org)
Mammalian ovaries are endowed with a huge number of small oocytes (primordial oocytes) in primordial follicles. (go.jp)
Maturation of the mammalian oocyte is a complex process involving internal checkpoints and bidirectional communication with the surrounding cumulus cells. (biomedcentral.com)

This study was conducted to evaluate in vivo and in vitro development of in vitro-matured equine oocytes fertilized by intracytoplasmic sperm injection. (bioone.org)

This protocol consists of a culture method that can be mainly divided into four periods: primordial germ cell-like cell (PGCLC) derivation, primary oocyte differentiation (in vitro differentiation: IVDi), oocyte growth to germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes (in vitro growth: IVG) and oocyte maturation (in vitro maturation: IVM). (researchsquare.com)
Germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) occurs during oocyte meiotic maturation, a period when transcriptional processes are virtually inactive. (biomedcentral.com)

While our studies in the past used goldfish and rainbow trout our most recent work focuses on the zebrafish so that we can exploit the daily spawning in order to characterize the temporal sequence of endocrine changes that accompany oocyte final maturation and ovulation. (uoguelph.ca)
We study the control of growth, atresia and hormone biosynthetic capacity of zebrafish ovarian follicles during the period of oocyte maturation and at ovulation. (uoguelph.ca)
However, the mechanism governing the effect of IT on ovulation in oviparous teleosts has not been determined. (frontiersin.org)
As follicles grow, they acquire receptors for luteinizing hormone, a pituitary hormone that reinitiates meiosis in the oocyte and causes ovulation of a fertilizable egg. (wikipedia.org)

Oocyte competence in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. (ijfs.ir)
To characterize the effect of artificially increasing MIR21 on oocyte competence without inhibiting GVBD, a MIR21 mimic, scrambled microRNA negative control, or nuclease free water was micro-injected into denuded oocytes at 21 h of IVM. (biomedcentral.com)

During the menstrual cycle, a small subset of follicles in an ovary will begin to grow and mature, with just a few achieving the potential to ovulate, Adams explains. (the-scientist.com)
After the onset of puberty and menses, the female human ovary recruits at least 30-50 oocytes during each menstrual cycle. (medscape.com)

By 1991, the first human pregnancy was recorded using IVM followed by IVF, and in 1994 the first birth using IVM oocytes from polycystic ovarian syndrome patients was recorded highlighting that PCOS patient's oocytes are capable of maturation. (wikipedia.org)
We aimed to determine the effect of insulin on possible changes in gene expression, hormonal status, and histological aspects of the ovary following the induction of the animal model of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). (ijfs.ir)
Polycystic ovary syndrome: definition, aetiology, diagnosis and treatment. (ijfs.ir)
Azziz R. Introduction: determinants of polycystic ovary syndrome. (ijfs.ir)
Measuring the global disease burden of polycystic ovary syndrome in 194 countries: Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. (ijfs.ir)
Azziz R, Marin C, Hoq L, Badamgarav E, Song P. Health care-related economic burden of the polycystic ovary syndrome during the reproductive life span. (ijfs.ir)
Perspectives on polycystic ovary syndrome: is polycystic ovary syndrome research underfunded? (ijfs.ir)
Dennett CC, Simon J. The role of polycystic ovary syndrome in reproductive and metabolic health: overview and approaches for treatment. (ijfs.ir)
Abdalla MA, Deshmukh H, Atkin S, Sathyapalan T. A review of therapeutic options for managing the metabolic aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome. (ijfs.ir)
With well over 5 million U.S. women affected, women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are frequent patients in infertility clinics, seeking assistance in becoming pregnant [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Oogenesis starts with the process of developing primary oocytes, which occurs via the transformation of oogonia into primary oocytes , a process called oocytogenesis . (wikipedia.org)

The long term goal of this work is to establish whether chemicals which are identified on the basis of in vitro bioactivity are predictive of effects in vivo and to determine which endocrine responses are most sensitive in terms of whole animal and population levels effects. (uoguelph.ca)
This review focuses on the differential responses of cell types to ATZ toxicity, testicular effects of ATZ in both in vitro and in vivo models and chemopreventive strategies, so as to highlight the current state of the art on the toxicological outcomes of ATZ exposure in several experimental model systems. (frontiersin.org)
In vivo development was assessed after transfer of injected oocytes to the oviducts of recipient mares. (bioone.org)

The decreased quality of oocytes involves an increased rate of chromosomal aneuploidy with aging predominantly related to meiotic errors during oocyte maturation. (arvigen.com)
However, as the oocyte grows, these proteins are synthesized, and meiotic arrest becomes dependent on cyclic AMP . (wikipedia.org)
In the oocyte, cyclic GMP prevents the breakdown of cyclic AMP by the phosphodiesterase PDE3, and thus maintains meiotic arrest. (wikipedia.org)
Inhibition of nuclear meiotic maturation via IBMX significantly increased MIR21 and decreased its target, PDCD4. (biomedcentral.com)
Our results indicate MIR21 is active and important during meiotic maturation of the oocyte. (biomedcentral.com)
The oocyte must maintain arrest at the diplotene stage until meiotic resumption occurs. (biomedcentral.com)
Of particular interest is understanding the role of non-coding RNA in regulating meiotic checkpoints in the oocyte, particularly that of microRNA-21 (MIR21). (biomedcentral.com)
As atresia continues, both the number and quality of oocytes fall below a critical level, and the rate of aneuploidy increases - a finding that is related at least in part to problems of the meiotic spindle 15 , 16 resulting in nondisjunction. (ldysinger.com)

The progressive loss of oocytes from fetal life through menopause is a normal process. (ldysinger.com)

Mice were stimulated, mated, and sacrificed to recover oocytes and embryos. (bvsalud.org)
As a result of a lower number of oocytes retrieved, there are fewer embryos to select and transfer, and subsequently these patients have lower pregnancy rates per transfer and lower cumulative pregnancy rates per started cycle compared with normal responders. (biomedcentral.com)
In this paper, we describe a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) technique that is a non-invasive and sensitive method for measuring oxygen consumption by individual embryos. (bioone.org)
Female age, ASRM stage, postoperative to IVF duration, stimulation protocol, AFC, AMH, number of oocytes retrieved, number of high-quality cleavage embryos and number of transferred embryos are independent influencing factors for the clinical pregnancy rate in individuals with endometriosis receiving fresh embryo transfer. (biomedcentral.com)

Oocytes are classified depending on their condition, such as number of cumulus cells. (wikipedia.org)

Folliculogenesis is the mechanism by which the ovarian follicles mature. (wikipedia.org)
Through in vitro maturation, folliculogenesis and latter parts of oogenesis are being mimicked outside of the ovaries- trying to recreate the conditions for these processes. (wikipedia.org)
In general, short-term insulin treatment showed improvement in hormonal balance, folliculogenesis, and insulin resistance in the ovaries of the PCOS mice model. (ijfs.ir)

Moreover, the in vitro experiment demonstrated high glucose amounts' deleterious effect on embryo development [ 3 ]. (ejast.org)
Poor in vitro embryo development is a major obstacle in porcine assisted reproduction. (mdpi.com)
His research is devoted to molecular mechanisms of early embryo development, gonads development, cell cycle regulation, stem cells and the role of macrophages in the innate immune response. (cooperationivf.eu)

Female infants have 6 to 7 million oocytes at 20 weeks of gestation, when progressive atresia occurs, resulting in 1 to 2 million oocytes at birth, approximately 25,000 at the age of 37 years, and 1000 at the age of 51 years, the average age of natural menopause in the United States. (ldysinger.com)
It has been hypothesized that in gonadal dysgenesis various deletions on the X chromosome cause such rapid atresia of oocytes 5 that few girls with this condition reach puberty with functioning ovaries. (ldysinger.com)
In normal women, at approximately 37.5 years of age, an accelerated atresia of the oocytes begins 1 , 2 ( Figure 1 ). (ldysinger.com)

Diagram showing the reduction in number of the chromosomes in the process of maturation of the ovum . (wikipedia.org)
oocytogenesis , ootidogenesis , and finally maturation to form an ovum (oogenesis proper). (wikipedia.org)

Oocytes were collected from slaughterhouse-derived ovaries, matured in vitro, and injected with frozen-thawed stallion sperm. (bioone.org)
4 Of note, PGCLCs gave rise to sperm and oocytes by transplantation into neonatal testes and adult ovaries, respectively, 4,5 which means that PGCLCs have the potential to give rise to functional gametes. (researchsquare.com)
In addition, other corrective measures include sperm separation for assisted reproductive techniques. (hindawi.com)

Oogonia enter meiosis during embryonic development, becoming oocytes. (wikipedia.org)

A small number of primordial oocytes start to grow, while others remain quiescent. (go.jp)
In this review, we summarize the results regarding the activation of primordial oocytes in neonatal and adult ovaries of different species and propose a model in which ovaries of neonatal mammals contain a mixed population of both quiescent and activated primordial oocytes, while almost all primordial oocytes are quiescent in adult females. (go.jp)
These quiescent primordial oocytes are activated, perhaps by certain mechanisms involving the interaction between stimulatory and inhibitory factors, to enter the growth phase. (go.jp)

They showed maturation occurs in isolation from normal follicular environment. (wikipedia.org)
Oocyte meiosis, important to all animal life cycles yet unlike all other instances of animal cell division, occurs completely without the aid of spindle -coordinating centrosomes . (wikipedia.org)
Prior to the onset of menopause (10-15 y), menstrual cycles shorten and rapid follicular loss occurs because more oocytes are being recruited. (medscape.com)

Oogenesis incorporates a unique sequence of differentiation processes, during which biologically significant events such as meiosis and oocyte growth are orchestrated with communication to surrounding somatic cells. (researchsquare.com)

They include metabolic products highly associated with ovarian function - amino acids for regulating pH and osmolarity, lipids such fatty acids and cholesterols for oocyte maturation, and glucocorticoids for ovarian steroidogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)

Oocytes were collected from aspirated porcine tertiary follicles. (biomedcentral.com)
In the current study, we utilized modified Spirulina maxima pectin nanoparticles as a supplement to improve porcine in vitro maturation medium. (mdpi.com)

The decline in the number of oocytes begins at 20 weeks' gestation when the female fetus has approximately 6-7 million oogonia (largest lifetime endowment). (medscape.com)

The effects of ginseng oligosaccharides (GSOs) on neuronal oxidative injury induced by glutamate (GLU) and the molecular mechanisms involved were investigated. (sdbonline.org)

The oocytes are then cultured in media containing nutrients important for oocyte survival, such as gonadotrophins, growth factors and steroids. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, we are addressing the relevance of growth factors to ovarian physiology (IGFs, steroids, retinoids) by studying their actions and assessing of their sites of synthesis within the ovary and regulation of their production. (uoguelph.ca)
2011. The inhibitory control of oocyte maturation in the zebrafish: the role of the G-protein coupled estrogen receptor and epidermal growth factor. (uoguelph.ca)
When in vitro experimental models are exposed to ATZ, they are faced with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytotoxicity and decreased growth rate at dosages that may vary with cell types. (frontiersin.org)
Further, melatonin and its receptors play a significant role in antioxidant defense mechanism of ovary for follicular growth and maturation. (jrhm.org)

A recent meta-analysis study found removal of oocytes from the disrupted endogenous steroidal environment of PCOS women and maturing them in vitro helps achieve better conception rates [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Investigating the potential molecular mechanisms associated with white spot virus resistance in Carcinus maenas. (exeter.ac.uk)
His research focuses on the gonadotropin and their receptors function in reproduction and in endocrine cancers, novel therapeutic approaches and their underlying molecular mechanisms for endocrine cancers and transgenic murine models for human diseases. (cooperationivf.eu)
I chose to study this field because it allows me to explore the intricate molecular mechanisms that define us at nano level, the complex, signaling pathways that drive biological mechanisms forward and most importantly, finding ways to help people improve their health and quality of life. (cooperationivf.eu)
Our goal is to convey a picture of pattern formation that draws attention to the principles rather than solely to specific molecular mechanisms. (mpi-cbg.de)

[5] Because the granulosa cells and oocyte are connected by gap junctions, cyclic GMP also decreases in the oocyte, causing meiosis to resume. (wikipedia.org)

The number and quality of a woman's oocytes declines with age. (medscape.com)

The follicular fluid (FF) provides a crucial microenvironment for the proper development of follicles and oocytes through tightly controlled metabolism and cell signaling. (biomedcentral.com)

In mammals , the first part of oogenesis starts in the germinal epithelium , which gives rise to the development of ovarian follicles , the functional unit of the ovary . (wikipedia.org)
Reconstitution of this process using pluripotent stem cells would provide an efficient tool for uncovering the molecular mechanism underlying oogenesis, as well as to more practically establish an alternative source of gametes for reproduction. (researchsquare.com)
Indeed, efforts have been made to reconstitute in vitro oogenesis, 1-3 though none of them succeeded in the production of functional oocytes from pluripotent stem cells. (researchsquare.com)
Here, we established a culture system in which the entire process of oogenesis is reconstituted in a dish, yielding in vitro-generated oocytes that are capable of full-term development to healthy pups. (researchsquare.com)

Female fertility is negatively correlated with age, with noticeable declines in oocyte quantity and quality until menopause. (bvsalud.org)

We think that primordial oocytes in adult mammals are different from those in neonatal mammals. (go.jp)

Cycle fecundability decreases as the number of oocytes decreases. (medscape.com)
The number of oocytes decreases to approximately 2-3 million at birth and decreases again to 300,000 by the time of puberty. (medscape.com)

2019: Daniela Rodler (Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany) for the paper entitled: "Localization of thrombospondin-1 and its receptor CD36 in the ovary of the ostrich (Struthio camelus)" in co-authorship with F. Sinowatz and published in the Journal Anatomia Histologia Embryologia 2018, 47:124-132. (wava-amav.org)

Construction of an artificial ovary could be the optimal way of preserving fertility as well as protecting female cancer patients, against the re-transplantation of malignant cells, independent from type of neoplastic diseases [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

As a result, these aged mice had more oocytes with stimulation, the developmental potential of the oocytes was improved, and more offspring were born compared to old animals receiving placebo 1. (arvigen.com)
The quantity and quality of oocytes were decreased in AMA and Old mice. (bvsalud.org)

We illustrate where such mechanisms of pattern formation arise in biological systems from cellular to tissue scales, with an emphasis on morphogenesis. (mpi-cbg.de)

The dormancy of primordial oocytes may be required to reserve the non-growing oocyte pool for the long reproductive life in mammals. (go.jp)

This leads to improved maturation and quality of the oocytes. (wikipedia.org)
The fact that live-birth rates from oocyte donation in older women are consistent with the age of the donor suggests that oocyte quality is the major factor responsible for reduced fecundability with aging. (arvigen.com)

In patients designated as "poor responders," so-called due to poor response to ovarian stimulation given during IVF workup, the limited number of obtained oocytes remains the major problem in optimizing the live birth rates [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

in 2015 showed that supplementation of CoQ10 in an aged animal model delayed decline in ovarian reserve, restored oocyte mitochondrial gene expression, and improved mitochondrial activity with a significant reduction in oocyte aneuploidy. (arvigen.com)
Decline in the Number of Oocytes from Birth to Menopause. (ldysinger.com)

FOXO3 is considered one of the molecules responsible for the dormancy of primordial oocytes in adult ovaries. (go.jp)
Injected intravenously into adult Xenopus females, the protein-DNA complex is rapidly transported through the bloodstream and, within the ovary, the vitellogenin ligand present in the protein binds to the receptors at the surface of the oocytes. (biologists.com)

Melatonin receptors have been localized in the Supra Chaismatic Nucleus (SCN), pars tuberalis (PT), and the gonads suggesting the regulation of reproduction by melatonin not only at a higher level but also on the gonads through complex interrelated mechanisms. (jrhm.org)

Apart from pineal, several extra pineal sites of melatonin biosynthesis in mammals have been identified including skin, retina, gut, ovary, and testis. (jrhm.org)

Importantly, the in vitro-generated oocytes are capable of full-term development. (researchsquare.com)

The bound complex is internalized and translocates into the oocyte nucleus thanks to an SV40 nuclear localization signal, enhanced by an adjacent casein kinase phosphorylation site. (biologists.com)

However, it is also possible that such genetic defects result in a smaller complement of oocytes during gonadal development. (ldysinger.com)

However, in this group, the use of the available techniques is controversial and should be considered experimental. (ldysinger.com)

On going research focuses on the development of short term in vitro techniques through to whole animal test methods applicable in lab and field settings to evaluate both general reproductive physiology through to the effects seen following exposure to chemicals on reproductive physiology of fish. (uoguelph.ca)
The inability to transcribe mRNA during this stage of development and the probable necessity for post-transcriptional gene regulation (PTGR) suggests an important role for non-coding RNA in the maturing oocyte. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy7

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment3

Phenomena and Processes3

Fertilization20

Follicle12

Mature oocytes2

Mammalian4

Intracytoplasmic Sperm Inj1

Germinal vesicle2

Ovulation4

Competence2

Menstrual cycle2

Polycystic10

Primary oocytes1

Vivo3

Meiotic8

Fetal life1

Embryos4

Cumulus cells1

Folliculogenesis3

Embryo development3

Atresia3

Ovum2

Sperm3

Embryonic development1

Quiescent3

Occurs3

Differentiation1

Steroidogenesis1

Porcine2

Oogonia1

Oxidative1

Growth5

PCOS1

Molecular mechanisms4

Meiosis1

Woman's1

Follicular fluid1

Oogenesis4

Declines1

Neonatal1

Decreases2

20191

Transplantation1

Mice2

Biological1

Reproductive life1

Quality2

Ovarian stimulation1

Decline2

Adult2

Receptors1

Mammals1

Importantly1

Nuclear1

Genetic defects1

Experimental1

Development2