Mechanism of general anesthesia. Medical search. Frequent questions

While some procedures require a small amount of sedation, others require general anesthesia and/or regional anesthesia. (ama-assn.org)
depending on a patient's clinical presentation, local or regional anesthesia may be more appropriate. (medscape.com)
I am also interested in regional anesthesia, mechanisms of local anesthetic action, invasive monitoring, and anesthetic considerations for trauma victims. (umassmed.edu)
Regional anesthesia refers to the focused delivery of anesthetic agent(s) to a given part of the body. (medscape.com)
Regional anesthesia is used extensively for various purposes, including as a primary anesthetic technique for surgery, as an analgesic modality to manage pain in the perioperative period, and as an analgesic modality for various other forms of acute and/or chronic pain. (medscape.com)
This article will focus on the use of regional anesthesia as a postoperative analgesic technique for orthopedic surgery. (medscape.com)
The use of perioperative regional anesthesia has many possible advantages. (medscape.com)
Regional anesthesia can reduce operative anesthetic requirements and in some cases allow avoidance of general anesthesia altogether. (medscape.com)
[ 2 , 3 ] In addition, in certain operations, such as total hip arthroplasty (THA), the use of regional anesthesia may be associated with certain positive trends such as reduced blood loss and reduced rates of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). (medscape.com)

The mesopontine tegmental anesthesia area (MPTA) was identified in rats as a singular brainstem locus at which microinjection of minute quantities of GABAergic agents rapidly and reversibly induces loss-of-consciousness and a state of general anesthesia, while lesioning renders animals insensitive to anesthetics at normal systemic doses. (researchgate.net)
The mechanisms by which anesthetic drugs induce the state of general anesthesia are considered one of the biggest mysteries of modern medicine. (soihub.org)
Combined with our mathematical modeling work on how anesthetics act on neural circuits to produce the state of general anesthesia we are able to offer specific hypotheses as to how changes in level of activity in specific circuits lead to the unconscious state. (soihub.org)
Our findings suggest that the state of general anesthesia is not as mysterious as currently believed. (soihub.org)
Functional imaging methods, including positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), have become important tools for studying how anesthetic drugs act in the human brain to induce the state of general anesthesia. (crohnsforum.com)

General volatile anesthetics (GVAs) are usually defined as compounds, which induce reversible loss of consciousness in humans ( Franks, 2006 ). (frontiersin.org)
This is usually a secondary effect of the agents used to induce or maintain general anesthesia, which may cause depressant or stimulatory cardiovascular consequences. (news-medical.net)
Intravenous (IV) agents like propofol, or anesthetic vapors, or a combination of the two, may be used to induce anesthesia. (news-medical.net)
Once the effect of the drugs given to induce anesthesia begins to wane, maintenance drugs are necessary. (news-medical.net)
Certain doses of ketamine induce general anesthesia, though brain activity can still be robust, says Cynthia Chestek, Ph.D., co-senior author of a new study in NeuroImage . (neurosciencenews.com)
Hailed as one of the most important medical advances, the discovery of general anesthetics - compounds which induce unconsciousness, prevent control of movement and block pain - helped transform dangerous and traumatic operations into safe and routine surgery. (oist.jp)
The canonical view of how general anesthetics induce loss-of-consciousness (LOC) permitting pain-free surgery posits that anesthetic molecules, distributed throughout the CNS, suppress neural activity globally to levels at which the cerebral cortex can no longer sustain conscious experience. (researchgate.net)
General anesthetic agents are thought to induce loss-of-consciousness (LOC) and enable pain-free surgery by acting on the endogenous brain circuitry responsible for sleep-wake cycling. (researchgate.net)

Midazolam use is helpful with hypnotic amnesic during maintenance of general anesthesia. (anesthesiageneral.com)
Globally, propofol is the most frequently used intravenous (IV) anesthetic for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)

The global inhalation anesthesia market size was valued at USD 1.46 billion in 2022 and is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.04% from 2023 to 2030. (grandviewresearch.com)
Hospitals segment dominated the market for inhalation anesthesia with a share of 68.54% in 2022, attributable to the highest number of surgeries performed in hospital settings. (grandviewresearch.com)
Maintenance segment dominated the inhalation anesthesia industry with a share of 84.91% in 2022, attributable to the fact that inhaled anesthetics are preferred for the maintenance of anesthesia. (grandviewresearch.com)
Outline updates on the advisory committee on immunizations practices, recommendations for 2021-2022 influenza vaccination season, discuss general influenza vaccination guidance during the COVID-19 pandemic, and describe clinical considerations and best practices for coadministration of influenza vaccines and COVID-19 vaccines. (cdc.gov)

Here, we show that repeated general anesthesia in postnatal mice induces preferential apoptosis and subsequent loss of parvalbumin-positive inhibitory interneurons in the hippocampus. (jci.org)
Intravenous injection of a therapeutic dose of propofol induces anesthesia, with minimal excitation, usually within 40 seconds from the start of injection (the time for one arm-brain circulation). (guidelinecentral.com)

Established mechanism exists for both general and local anesthetics. (wikipedia.org)
Partitioning itself is an integral part of forming the ordered domains in the membrane, and the proposed mechanism is very close to the current thinking, but the partitioning itself is not the target of the anesthetics. (wikipedia.org)
General anesthetics have been widely used in surgery since 1842 when Crawford Long administered diethyl ether to a patient and performed the first painless operation. (medicalnewstoday.com)
There are some risks associated with taking general anesthetics, but they are relatively safe when administered correctly. (medicalnewstoday.com)
But despite their importance, scientists still don't understand exactly how general anesthetics work. (oist.jp)
It proved superior to thiopental because fewer adjuvant anesthetics are required to maintain an acceptable depth of anesthesia. (anesthesiageneral.com)
Expert opinion: Exposure to general anesthetics is potentially harmful to the human brain, and the consequent long-term cognitive deficits should be classified as an iatrogenic pathology, and considered a public health problem. (crohnsforum.com)
The mechanism of action, like all general anesthetics, is poorly understood. (guidelinecentral.com)
IT opioids can be administered as an adjunct to general anesthesia (e.g., for scoliosis surgery) or combined with local anesthetics and administered during spinal anesthesia (e.g., for total hip arthroplasty). (medscape.com)
In 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services recommended that hospitals minimize, postpone, or cancel elective surgeries which have led to a reduction in the number of surgeries by 48% in the U.S. Inhaled anesthetics are commonly used to provide general anesthesia. (grandviewresearch.com)
I thought there may be other mechanisms - that instead of just a loss of consciousness, anesthetics may do something to the brain that actually turns pain off. (scitechdaily.com)

2 Early investigations into its intravenous use began in the 1950s with case reports suggesting an impressive effect on improving postoperative pain 3 and the depth of anesthesia. (asra.com)

Alternate methods to teach history of anesthesia. (umassmed.edu)

The state of sedation, analgesia, amnesia and muscle paralysis is called general anesthesia. (news-medical.net)
In this article, we will cover a number of topics, including the differences between general anesthesia and sedation, potential side effects of general anesthesia, associated risks, and some theories regarding how they work. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Flumazenil injection is indicated for a complete or partial reversal of the sedative effects of benzodiazepines in conscious sedation and general anesthesia in adult and pediatric populations. (nih.gov)
General anesthesia (GA) is the state produced when a patient receives medications for amnesia, analgesia, muscle paralysis, and sedation. (medscape.com)
DIPRIVAN is an intravenous general anesthetic and sedation drug for use in the induction and maintenance of anesthesia or sedation. (guidelinecentral.com)

This supports the idea that what anesthesia does to cause unconsciousness is interrupt communication between brain areas, stopping the processing of higher-level information," says first author Karen Schroeder, a doctoral candidate in the U-M Department of Biomedical Engineering. (neurosciencenews.com)
The neural mechanisms of anesthetic-induced unconsciousness have yet to be fully elucidated, in part because of the diverse molecular targets of anesthetic agents. (neurosciencenews.com)
Given past studies showing that more commonly used GABAergic drugs inhibit surrogate measures of cortical communication, this finding suggests the potential for a common network-level mechanism of anesthetic-induced unconsciousness. (neurosciencenews.com)
General anesthesia is a drug-induced, reversible condition comprised of five behavioral states: unconsciousness, amnesia (loss of memory), analgesia (loss of pain sensation), akinesia (immobility), and hemodynamic stability with control of the stress response. (soihub.org)
By using a wide array of signal processing techniques, these studies are allowing us to establish precise neurophysiological, neuroanatomical and behavioral correlates of unconsciousness under general anesthesia. (soihub.org)

Diethyl ether and chloroform were used as sole agents in a general anesthetic procedure for almost a century, and the term anesthesia was introduced soon after the discovery of etherization. (frontiersin.org)
In fact, the term anesthesia was coined to describe what happens during the process of etherization. (frontiersin.org)
Morton used the term "letheon" for his then-secret gas, but was persuaded by Boston physician/anatomist Oliver Wendell Holmes (father of the Supreme Court Justice) to use the term anesthesia. (edge.org)

Intrathecal (IT), often referred to as "spinal," anesthesia refers to the delivery of anesthetic agents to the subarachnoid layer of the spinal column into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) surrounding the spinal cord. (medscape.com)
The advantages of IT opioids for analgesia, especially if spinal anesthesia is already planned, include its simplicity, lack of need for catheter care or pumps, low cost, and easy supplementation with low-dose patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) opioids as needed. (medscape.com)
You may receive general anesthesia (you are asleep and pain-free) or epidural or spinal anesthesia. (medlineplus.gov)

Advent of the endotracheal tube (allowing easy inhalation/exhalation and protection of the lungs from stomach contents), anesthesia gas machines, safer anesthetic drugs and direct monitoring of heart, lungs, kidneys and other organ systems have made modern anesthesia extremely safe. (edge.org)
PBS News Hour describes the painful past of modern anesthesia . (sciencefriday.com)

This activity outlines the indications, mechanism of action, dosing, significant adverse effects, contraindications, monitoring, and toxicity of flumazenil so that providers can direct patient therapy to optimal outcomes in benzodiazepine reversal. (nih.gov)
This module discusses the basic types of surgical anesthesia as well as the indications and contraindications for each. (ama-assn.org)

Anesthesiologist gives the mask inhalation anesthesia. (news-medical.net)
This maintenance phase is a stable one during anesthesia and the drugs may be administered via the same routes as the induction drugs (i.e.intravenously or via inhalation). (news-medical.net)
General anesthesia by inhalation developed in the 1840's, involving two gases used previously as intoxicants. (edge.org)
Inhalation anesthesia facilitates higher patient outcomes as compared to intravenous route. (grandviewresearch.com)
Inhalation anesthesia is considered to be the best alternative for patients who are on ventilation for more than 24 hours as it becomes easy to monitor the patient's health. (grandviewresearch.com)
Hence, higher patient benefits associated with the use of inhalation anesthesia as compared to intravenous version is expected to drive revenue growth over the forecast period. (grandviewresearch.com)
Inhalation anesthesia helps surgeons design the dosage to avoid additional hospital stay. (grandviewresearch.com)
Hence, isoflurane is the preferred choice for inhalation general anesthesia of anesthesiologists in developing countries owing to the presence of a cost-sensitive patient pool. (grandviewresearch.com)
However, European hospitals aim to reduce harmful gas emissions by reducing the usage of inhalation anesthesia, influencing market growth adversely. (grandviewresearch.com)

Anesthesia and Analgesia. (wikipedia.org)

Although epidural anesthesia (EA) can significantly disrupt the function of the respiratory system, data concerning its effects on respiratory muscle activity and the resulting motion of the chest wall are scarce. (asahq.org)
LUMBAR or thoracic epidural anesthesia (EA) could affect the respiratory system in several ways. (asahq.org)

However, the pharmacological mechanism of the action of propofol in the intact human central nervous system is unclear. (crohnsforum.com)
Years ago I received Versed as anesthesia for my scopes, now I receive propofol. (crohnsforum.com)

After two years, Fanuel's preliminary findings, published in Behavioural Brain Research , support the hypothesis that the PBN provides critical arousal input during emergence from isoflurane anesthesia. (harvard.edu)
Now, in a study published this week in the Journal of Neuroscience , researchers from the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST) and Nagoya University have revealed how a commonly used general anesthetic called isoflurane weakens the transmission of electrical signals between neurons, at junctions called synapses. (oist.jp)
This explains how isoflurane is able to cause anesthesia, by preferentially blocking the high frequency signals. (oist.jp)

General anesthesia uses intravenous and inhaled agents to allow adequate surgical access to the operative site. (medscape.com)
As with other rapidly acting intravenous anesthetic agents, the half-time of the blood-brain equilibration is approximately 1 minute to 3 minutes, accounting for the rate of induction of anesthesia. (guidelinecentral.com)
Comparative clinical studies have shown that the hemodynamic effects of DIPRIVAN during induction of anesthesia are generally more pronounced than with other intravenous (IV) induction agents. (guidelinecentral.com)

The goal of anesthesia is to facilitate a surgical procedure both for patient and surgeon. (ama-assn.org)
Because of the inflammation and pain, I get anesthesia for the procedure, and I wonder if these agents are harmful for the brain. (crohnsforum.com)
Based on NIH data, nearly 60,000 people undergo a surgical procedure under general anesthesia. (grandviewresearch.com)

Preventing the loss of parvalbumin neurons by deleting a proapoptotic protein, mitochondrial anchored protein ligase (MAPL), selectively in parvalbumin neurons rescued anesthesia-induced deficits in pyramidal cell inhibition and hippocampus-dependent long-term memory. (jci.org)
Some anesthesia drugs work in a straightforward manner by dampening down neurons in the brain. (neurosciencenews.com)
They're also looking into what the groups of neurons are doing under anesthesia when they are still active but no longer communicating with each other. (neurosciencenews.com)

Other mechanisms may include inhibition of free-radical-mediated lipid peroxidation and amelioration of glutamate release. (anesthesiageneral.com)

General volatile anesthetic diethyl ether blocks sensation and responsive behavior not only in animals but also in plants. (frontiersin.org)
All these data indicate that diethyl ether anesthesia may partially mimic heat stress in plants through the effect on plasma membrane. (frontiersin.org)
In previous studies, it was shown that plants exposed to diethyl ether anesthesia were neither able to sense mechanical stimuli, wounding, or light and lack also expressive motoric responses. (frontiersin.org)
Wells was denounced as a fake, however two years later in 1846 another dentist William T.G. Morton returned to the "Mass General" and successfully used diethyl ether on patient William Abbott. (edge.org)

Unintended intraoperative awareness is incredibly rare, affecting an estimated 1 in every 19,000 patients undergoing general anesthesia. (medicalnewstoday.com)
We present a case who experienced cardiopulmonary instability during intraoperative percutaneous ethanol injection under general anesthesia and spontaneously recovered 5 min after ethanol injection. (jmedscindmc.com)

However, respecting a minimal delay of 2 days (inactivated vaccines) or 14-21 days (live attenuated viral vaccines) between immunization and anesthesia may be useful to avoid the risk of misinterpretation of vaccine-driven adverse events as postoperative complications. (unige.ch)

Following pre-medication, the patient is given induction anesthesia, which, as we may colloquially say, is responsible for putting the patient to sleep. (news-medical.net)
The hemodynamic effects of DIPRIVAN during induction of anesthesia vary. (guidelinecentral.com)
Induction of anesthesia with DIPRIVAN is frequently associated with apnea in both adults and pediatric patients. (guidelinecentral.com)
These factors have led to sevoflurane being the preferred choice of surgeons during surgical procedures for induction and maintenance of anesthesia. (grandviewresearch.com)

In other words, general anesthesia is an induced, reversible and controlled loss of consciousness. (news-medical.net)
We have been using three experimental paradigms to study general anesthesia-induced loss of consciousness in humans: combined fMRI/EEG recordings, high-density EEG recordings and intracranial recordings. (soihub.org)

Guest host John Dankosky talks with Dr. Louise Sun, professor of anesthesiology, perioperative and pain medicine at Stanford University Health and Dr. Gunisha Kaur, anesthesiologist, director of the Human Rights Impact Lab, and medical director of Weill Cornell Center for Human Rights at Weill Cornell Medicine about the basics of how anesthesia works. (sciencefriday.com)
As it relates to anesthesia and the perioperative period, the goal of the anesthesia provider is to minimize deviations in body temperature-unless indicated for specific reasons, such as organ protection-and to determine reasons for any observed deviations in body temperature. (aneskey.com)

General anesthesia as used for rodent research can have adverse effects on physiologic mechanisms. (awionline.org)
Humans maintain body temperature by balancing heat production, primarily by metabolism, with heat loss mainly through a variety of physiologic mechanisms as well as environmental factors. (aneskey.com)

Beginning in the 1960s, a major concern related to body temperature during or immediately following anesthesia was the marked hyperthermia characteristic of the malignant hyperthermia (MH) syndrome. (aneskey.com)
Malignant hyperthermia is a rare complication of some types of general anesthesia. (definitions.net)

Abstract for "Disruption of corticocortical information transfer during ketamine anesthesia in the primate brain" by Karen E. Schroeder, Zachary T. Irwin, Matt Gaidica, J. Nicole Bentley, Parag G. Patil, George A. Mashour, and Cynthia A. Chestek in NeuroImage . (neurosciencenews.com)

Thus, loss of parvalbumin interneurons in postnatal mice following repeated general anesthesia critically contributes to memory deficits in adulthood. (jci.org)
A study in mice and rat brains reveals how general anesthesia dampens high frequency brain activity by weakening synapses. (oist.jp)
In a study of mice treated with anesthesia drugs, Wang discovered that the brain does have this kind of switch, in an unexpected location: the amygdala, which is involved in regulating emotion. (scitechdaily.com)

David O. Warner received the Anesthesiology Young Investigator/Parker B. Francis Investigator Award from the Foundation for Anesthesia Education and Research. (asahq.org)
Another interest of mine is various aspects of the history of anesthesiology, especially since the first public demonstration of general anesthesia took place in Boston over 150 years ago. (umassmed.edu)

There is a lack of consensus approach among anesthesiologists to the theoretical risk of anesthesia and vaccination. (unige.ch)

Transitioning can also be induced pharmacologically using general anesthetic agents. (researchgate.net)
The fact that in laboratory and clinical research only certain anesthetic agents and techniques, but not others, appear to be involved, raises the problem on what is the safest and the least safe anesthetic to maximize anesthesia efficiency, avoid occurrence of adverse events, and ensure patient safety. (crohnsforum.com)

Although general anesthesia is normally induced by systemic dosing, an anesthetic state can be induced in rodents by microinjecting minute quantities of GABAergic agents into the brainstem mesopontine tegmental anesthesia area (MPTA). (researchgate.net)

If you've ever had surgery, you've probably wondered about how anesthesia works, or maybe even lied awake at night anxious about going under. (sciencefriday.com)

The mechanisms underlying long-lasting impairment in cognitive function are poorly understood. (jci.org)
New research: When ketamine is used for general anesthesia, two connected parts of the cortex turn to 'isolated cognitive islands. (neurosciencenews.com)
This can be beneficial to a variety of patient populations, including those at risk for cognitive dysfunction after general anesthesia. (medscape.com)
Research identified that different cognitive mechanisms play a role in individuals' reports of pain signals. (bvsalud.org)

Because of the muscle relaxants given alongside anesthesia, patients are unable to signal to their surgeon or anesthetist that they are still aware of what is happening. (medicalnewstoday.com)
We are seeing her in the presurgical screening location, which has been requested by her surgeon prior to anesthesia, secondary to her opiate consumption. (medscape.com)

General anesthesia is easily and rapidly administered, is reversible and can be used for surgeries that are unpredictable in extent. (news-medical.net)

Patients placed under general anesthesia are not capable of recalling what happens intraoperatively and are not aroused by painful stimuli. (news-medical.net)
Zorcaine ® is indicated for local, infiltrative, or conductive anesthesia in both simple and complex dental procedures in adults and pediatric patients 4 years of age or older. (nih.gov)
A 2018 Cochrane review of randomized controlled trials (RCT) evaluating IV lidocaine compared to placebo/no treatment in patients undergoing elective or urgent surgeries under general anesthesia [68 trials (4,525 randomized patients)] indicated statistical significance of IV lidocaine in reducing pain at 1-4 hours and at 24 hours after surgery. (asra.com)
Inca shamans performing trephinations (drilling holes in patients' skulls to let out evil humors) chewed coca leaves and spat into the wound, effecting local anesthesia. (edge.org)
But wanting to help his patients even more, he developed an academic interest in pain mechanisms. (jpost.com)
What is the MOST LIKELY mechanism that causes an acute clinical improvement with a squatting posture in patients with Tetralogy of Fallot? (ccasociety.org)
These patients do not require an overnight stay giving the inhaled anesthesia a competitive edge in the ambulatory surgical center setting. (grandviewresearch.com)

We conclude that the immunomodulatory influence of anesthesia during elective surgery is both minor and transient (around 48 h) and that the current evidence does not provide any contraindication to the immunization of healthy children scheduled for elective surgery. (unige.ch)
Most notably, Dr. Kroger authored the newest edition of CCD's General Best Practice Guidelines for Immunization and is currently also involved with the current issues in immunization webinar series. (cdc.gov)

Few studies have assessed the influence of anesthesia and surgery on pediatric vaccine responses. (unige.ch)

Mortality attributable to general anesthesia is said to occur at rates of less than 1:100,000. (medscape.com)

Fanuel's research on the neural mechanisms whereby light directly influences sleep and arousal earned him publications in The European Journal of Neuroscience , Frontiers in Neuroscience , and PLoS One . (harvard.edu)

Doctors use general anesthesia during surgery to ensure a person is unconscious and cannot feel pain. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Of course, you understand very well the reasons why general anesthesia is used in surgery. (hypnosisdownloads.com)
Anesthesia and surgery exert immunomodulatory effects and some authors argue that they may exert additive or synergistic influences on vaccine efficacy and safety. (unige.ch)
By searching the major medical databases (OVID Medline, PubMed, ISI Web of Science) and references cited in the articles themselves, among 277 articles obtained none examined directly the influence of anesthesia/surgery on vaccine responses. (unige.ch)
Can you imagine having surgery, or needing surgery, or even possibly needing surgery without the prospect of anesthesia? (edge.org)
If you've ever had surgery, you've probably wondered about how anesthesia works. (sciencefriday.com)
With modern advances in medications, monitoring technology, and safety systems, as well as highly educated anesthesia providers, the risk caused by anesthesia to a patient undergoing routine surgery is very small. (medscape.com)
If anesthesia is continued by infusion of DIPRIVAN, the stimulation of endotracheal intubation and surgery may return arterial pressure towards normal. (guidelinecentral.com)
Life-saving surgical procedures such as brain surgery, open-heart surgery, or organ transplantation would not have been possible without general anesthesia, thereby, boosting the demand for inhaled anesthetic drugs. (grandviewresearch.com)

These results are reinterpreted here in view of our current understanding of the immune mechanisms underlying vaccine efficacy and adverse events. (unige.ch)

[ 1 ] beginning with a summary of key general considerations, proceeding to a review of the main neurologic complications that may arise in pregnant people who were previously free of neurologic disease, and concluding with a discussion of individual neurologic disorders in the context of pregnancy. (medscape.com)

As a way to indirectly get at how the brain controls pain, she decided to use CANE to explore the effects of drugs used for general anesthesia. (scitechdaily.com)
During general anesthesia, drugs render a patient unconscious, but Wang hypothesized that the drugs might also shut off pain perception. (scitechdaily.com)

Turns out, two adjacent parts of the brain that work together in the waking state simply stop talking to each other under general anesthesia. (neurosciencenews.com)
So her team got on board to measure both areas of the brain, which kept firing during anesthesia. (neurosciencenews.com)
This is the first direct demonstration of a general anesthetic disrupting corticocortical information transfer in the primate brain. (neurosciencenews.com)
On the other hand general anesthetic molecules are gases which do act on the brain in a remarkable fashion - the phenomenon of consciousness is erased completely while other brain activities continue. (edge.org)
Anesthesia, brain changes, and behavior: Insights from neural systems biology. (crohnsforum.com)

Under general anesthesia, people are unable to feel pain (analgesic) and will be unconscious. (medicalnewstoday.com)
And general anesthesia guarantees that, as well as being unconscious, you will feel no pain. (hypnosisdownloads.com)
And there is no better way to get in touch with your own unconscious processes and influence them positively to overcome fear of anesthesia than through hypnosis. (hypnosisdownloads.com)

We found that general anesthesia reflects a communication breakdown in the cortex, even though sensory information is getting processed," Mashour says. (neurosciencenews.com)
We demonstrate, using intracortical recordings in macaque monkeys, that information transfer between structurally connected cortical regions is disrupted during ketamine anesthesia, despite preserved primary sensory representation. (neurosciencenews.com)

The mechanisms by which anesthesia works are still only partially understood. (medicalnewstoday.com)
So far, the mechanisms involved in emergence are not well understood and the role of the PBN is particularly obscure. (harvard.edu)
While electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are both effective in treating depressive episodes, their mechanisms of action are, however, not completely understood. (biomedcentral.com)

Efferent responses are the activation of effector mechanisms, which either increase metabolic heat production or alter environmental heat loss. (aneskey.com)

Membrane-mediated anesthesia or anaesthesia (UK) is a mechanism of action that involves an anesthetic exerting its effects through the lipid membrane. (wikipedia.org)
See Theories of general anaesthetic action for a broader discussion of purely theoretical mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
The mechanism of action of general anesthesia is not entirely clear. (news-medical.net)
Identify the mechanism of action of flumazenil. (nih.gov)
Additionally, the most commonly used medications will be reviewed, including mechanism of action and side effects. (ama-assn.org)
How theories evolved concerning the mechanism of action of barbiturates. (iesrj.com)
This pragmatic approach allows identification of pertinent issues and their resolution as well as enhancement of our understanding of the mechanisms of joint toxic action. (cdc.gov)

Chau PL. New insights into the molecular mechanisms of general anaesthetics. (iesrj.com)

These results have implications for the mechanism of general anesthesia, the migration of small ligands within proteins, the detection of water molecules within apolar cavities and the determination of crystallographic phases. (rcsb.org)
Mechanisms of general anesthesia: from molecules to mind. (iesrj.com)

Awareness During General Anaesthesia: Concepts and Controversies. (iesrj.com)

Moving from an instructor's position in anesthesia at Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital to a lab at the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School is regarded as a step up by Dr. Alexander Binshtok, whose work on pain-selective local anesthesia has been ranked by leading scientists as one of the most important medical discoveries of all time. (jpost.com)
In 2005, Binshtok left Israel with his physiotherapist wife - she is modern Orthodox, while he is secular - to Massachusetts General and Harvard to do a post-doctoral fellowship with leading pain expert Prof. Clifford Woolf in his neural plasticity research group. (jpost.com)
Not only does an anesthesia team relieve and prevent pain and anxiety due to surgical procedures, but it also expedites the conduct of procedures and optimizes surgical conditions by preventing patient movement and ensuring hemodynamic stability. (ama-assn.org)
Anesthesia enables a patient to tolerate surgical procedures that would otherwise inflict unbearable pain, potentiate extreme physiologic exacerbations, and result in unpleasant memories. (medscape.com)
MIT Professor Fan Wang wants to develop new ways to help relieve that pain, by studying and potentially modifying the brain's own pain control mechanisms. (scitechdaily.com)
In general, non-prescription medications that were reported in the prescription drug section of the household adult questionnaire were moved to the non-prescription medications section (the expanded non-prescription pain relief medications section to be described later), but those medications reported on the household youth questionnaire were deleted since a non-prescription medications section was not included on the youth questionnaire. (cdc.gov)
Pain is a vital mechanism for human survival which works as an alert sign that something is not functioning properly in the body. (bvsalud.org)

This response could cause significant morbidity and mortality if not pre-emptively dealt with by general anesthesia. (news-medical.net)
Background: General anesthesia in rabbits is associated with higher morbidity and mortality relative to other mammalian species commonly anesthetized. (awionline.org)

Zorcaine ® is a combination of articaine HCl, an amide local anesthetic, and epinephrine, a vasoconstrictor, is indicated for local, infiltrative, or conductive anesthesia in both simple and complex dental procedures. (nih.gov)
If so, either a) part of your body was temporarily "deadened" by "local" anesthesia, or b) you "went to sleep" with general anesthesia. (edge.org)

None of the side effects are particularly long lasting, and they tend to occur right after the anesthesia. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Death as a result of general anesthetic does occur, but only very rarely - roughly 1 in every 100,000 . (medicalnewstoday.com)
The group plans to continue this work, turning next to investigate the level of anesthesia at which these changes in communication start to occur. (neurosciencenews.com)

Anatomy8

Organisms1

Diseases27

Chemicals and Drugs70

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment108

Psychiatry and Psychology8

Phenomena and Processes25

Disciplines and Occupations6

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science2

Named Groups1

Health Care30

Regional anesthesia9

State of general anesthesia5

Induce8

Maintenance of general anesthesia2

20224

Induces2

Anesthetics11

Depth of anesthesia1

History of anesthesia1

Sedation5

Unconsciousness5

Term anesthesia3

Spinal anesthesia3

Modern anesthesia2

Contraindications2

Inhalation9

Analgesia1

Epidural2

Propofol2

Isoflurane3

Intravenous3

Procedure3

Neurons3

Inhibition1

Diethyl ether4

Intraoperative2

Postoperative1

Induction4

Loss of consciousn2

Perioperative2

Physiologic mechanisms2

Hyperthermia2

Abstract1

Mice3

Anesthesiology2

Anesthesiologists1

Anesthetic agents2

Systemic1

Awake1

Cognitive4

Surgeon2

Reversible1

Patients7

Immunization2

Pediatric1

Attributable1

Neural mechanisms1

Surgery9

Adverse1

Considerations1

Drugs2

Brain5

Unconscious3

Sensory2

Understood3

Effector1

Action7

Insights1

Molecules2

Anaesthesia1

Pain7

Mortality2

Local2

Occur3