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Hydroxyl RadicalFree RadicalsHydroxidesFree Radical ScavengersHydrogen PeroxideElectron Spin Resonance SpectroscopyDeoxyriboseProtein FootprintingHydroxybenzoatesSuperoxidesDeferoxamineBenzoic AcidOxidation-ReductionThioureaXanthine OxidaseCatalaseFerrous CompoundsSuperoxide DismutaseCyclic N-OxidesIronAntioxidantsDimethyl SulfoxideGentisatesSpin LabelsReactive Oxygen SpeciesPicratesMannitolFerric CompoundsHypochlorous AcidSpin TrappingOxygenIron Chelating AgentsPulse RadiolysisOxidantsNitrogen OxidesLipid PeroxidationHydroxylationEdetic AcidCopperOxidative Stress2,2'-DipyridylAscorbic AcidSalicylatesLipid PeroxidesXanthineKineticsSinglet OxygenDNA DamageMolecular StructureChelating AgentsBenzoatesDeoxyguanosineNucleic Acid ConformationPeroxidesPyrogallolPlant ExtractsModels, MolecularPhenolsDNAChromatography, High Pressure LiquidEnvironmental RemediationBiphenyl CompoundsProstatectomyGlutathioneBinding SitesMethylurea CompoundsPeroxidaseDNA FootprintingPholiotaPhenanthrolinesMolecular Sequence DataLuminescent MeasurementsPentetic AcidAnserinePhotolysisCatalysisModels, ChemicalMalondialdehydeEscherichia coliElectrolysisHypoxanthineThiobarbituric Acid Reactive SubstancesNitratesCitrullusLactoferrinNeutrophilsMass SpectrometrySulfonic AcidsHypoxanthinesBase SequencePeroxidasesDiuretics, OsmoticCattleTioproninBenserazideCatecholsStructure-Activity RelationshipGlucose OxidaseTyrosineParaquat
Neutralize free radicalsReactiveSuperoxide anionLipidApoptosisAntioxidantsOxidationOxygenEnzymatic and non-enzymaticPathwaysEndogenousDPPHEnzymesBenzeneOrganismsHydrogenMembraneProliferationMoleculesMitochondrialCellularProductionDetrimental effectsPotentSpermMacrophagesFree radical inducedBiologicalAccumulationVitroTherapeuticRedoxInflammationSignificantlyDiseasesReactionTargetsActivityEffectsReactionsCellReductionCompoundsActionTransitionFlavonoidsAnticancerAlzheimer's
Neutralize free radicals4
  • To counteract the negative effects of excess ROS, spermatozoa and seminal plasma have several mechanisms to neutralize free radicals. (scialert.net)
  • To counteract oxidative damage, spermatozoa and seminal plasma have several mechanisms to neutralize free radicals. (scialert.net)
  • In fact, they can neutralize free radicals by accepting or donating electrons to eliminate the unpaired condition of the radical [10]. (fortunepublish.com)
  • The pectins extracted by enzymes contained up to four times more ferulic acid and showed twice as great ability to neutralize free radicals and Fe(III) reduction. (medicdebate.org)
Reactive6
  • The role of free radicals and reactive oxygen species created upon ultrafine particle inhalation in causing inflammation is being recognized for different types of particulates. (cdc.gov)
  • Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as the superoxide radical, the hydroxyl radical, and H 2 O 2 , are continuously produced in most cells under physiological conditions, and their levels are regulated by a number of enzymes and physiological antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase as well as by other nonenzymatic antioxidants. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Nevertheless, Oxygen-centered free radicals and other reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are continuously, produced in vivo , result in cell death and tissue damage. (fortunepublish.com)
  • This polyphenolic compound is known to be a strong anti-oxidant which scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) directly or effectively inhibits ROS-generating enzymes ( e.g. xanthine oxidase, lipoxygenase). (rsc.org)
  • respiratory burst (the rapid release of Reactions of oxygen radicals with Mitochondrial oxidative phosphor- reactive oxygen species from cells) cel ular components can deplete an- ylation is a major source of oxy- that involves nicotinamide adenine tioxidants, can cause direct oxidative gen radicals of endogenous origin. (who.int)
  • Metabolism of glutathione peroxidase, can further inflammation, and - along with oth- many exogenous agents through cy- convert these reactive species to er radical species - play key roles tochrome P450-mediated reactions wate r (Benzie, 2000) . (who.int)
Superoxide anion2
  • The generations of ROS, such as superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and the hydroxyl radical can result in the damage to cell membranes. (ijbs.com)
  • The FHA cycle is active inside the cell, detoxifying superoxide anion radicals (O2·-), which are mainly generated as a result of so-called 'electron leakage' to triplet oxygen (O2) in photosynthetic, mitochondrial, peroxisomal, and probably other electron transport chains (Ozyigit et al. (deepdyve.com)
Lipid4
  • A study conducted to determine the antioxidative activities of the extracts from Psidium guajava Linn leaves showed that it has effects on scavenging hydroxyl radicals and inhibiting lipid peroxidation in the dose-dependent manner, The guava extracts possess the potential antioxidative activities and the flavonoids may be one of their antioxidative components. (medicalhealthguide.com)
  • One well-known mechanism of action is its role as an antioxidant that scavenges and neutralizes harmful free radicals, while also inhibiting lipid peroxidation-a process linked to liver injury. (purerawz.co)
  • Sperm cell membranes are high in polyunsaturated fatty acids and are sensitive to oxygen free radical induced damage mediated by lipid peroxidation. (scialert.net)
  • These potential pleiotropic vasculoprotective effects are independent of effects on glucose and lipid control. (biomedcentral.com)
Apoptosis6
  • Countering NADH production, calcium action on the mitochondrial permeability transition pores increases inner membrane permeability thereby reducing proton potential, causing the matrix to swell and ultimately releasing cytochrome c (an initiator of apoptosis). (benbest.com)
  • The extract of Chios Mastic inhibited both apoptosis and necrosis, restored glutathione levels and downregulated CD36 expression, even at the mRNA level. (masticlife.com)
  • Grape-related anti-tumoral activity encompasses a wide array of biological mechanisms and cellular targets, eventually leading to inhibition of cell growth and to enhanced apoptosis in several cancer cell lines, including lung, colon, breast, bladder, leukemia and prostate tumors. (oatext.com)
  • Consistent with the in vitro activities, frankincense essential oil was effective in inhibiting tumor growth and inducing tumor cell apoptosis in a human BC mouse model. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Moreover, it was also reported that extracts from pine needle inhibited apoptosis of the normal cells induced by a hydroxyl radical ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Neutrophil apoptosis may be inhibited, enhancing the release of inflammatory mediators. (msdmanuals.com)
Antioxidants7
  • Plants have evolved defense mechanisms for the production of antioxidants to detoxify the ROS and to protect the plant against oxidative damage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, this review will attempt to discuss the relevance of free radicals and antioxidants in spermatozoa production and function. (scialert.net)
  • An extremely important role in the fight against damage caused by free radicals play antioxidants derived from diet. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Antioxidants are vital substances which possess the ability to protect the body from damage caused by free radical-induced oxidative stress [3, 4]. (fortunepublish.com)
  • Naturally occurring flavonoids, tannins, anthocyanins and other phenolic constituents are potential antioxidants [5, 6]. (fortunepublish.com)
  • Many synthetic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyl anisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT) are very effective and are used for industrial processing. (fortunepublish.com)
  • To survive against the stresses, different organisms have evolved a complex of mechanisms involving multiple genes and strategies at physiological, molecular and metabolic levels, such as activating antioxidants, increasing efflux, and overexpressing metal chelators. (biomedcentral.com)
Oxidation3
  • Andrikopoulos et al (2003) studied various resins for their potential protective in vitro activity against copper-induced LDL oxidation . (masticlife.com)
  • Moreover, the resultant two-electron oxidation form of GA-Fe is an excellent Fenton-like agent that can catalyze hydrogen peroxide decomposition into hydroxyl radical, finally triggering severe oxidative damage to tumors. (nature.com)
  • NaHS alleviated Cd stress mainly through inhibiting Cd absorbtion, promoting CdS nanoparticles formation, increasing oxidation resistance, and regulation of transport in free-living unicellular T. thermophila . (biomedcentral.com)
Oxygen8
  • One of the most relevant central dogmas of the aging theories was the free radical theory of aging (FRTA), claiming that oxygen free radicals are harmful by-products of the aerobic life and as such, are responsible for aging and numerous diseases. (antiaging-systems.com)
  • I have analyzed the contradictory items of the FRTA, outlining a new, comprehensive interpretation of the possible biological role of oxygen free radicals in the living state, cell differentiation and aging, called the membrane hypothesis of aging (MHA). (antiaging-systems.com)
  • The MHA attributes a role to the constant flux of oxygen free radicals in the living state, i.e., offers a much wider basis for the interpretation of the free radical function. (antiaging-systems.com)
  • Oxygen free radicals are naturally produced by mitochondrial and sperm plasma membrane and have beneficial and detrimental effects that cannot be overlooked. (scialert.net)
  • The excessive generation of oxygen free radicals in the form of ROS by abnormal spermatozoa and by contaminating leukocytes has been identified as one of the few defined etiologies for male infertility. (scialert.net)
  • However, the over production of oxygen free radicals in sperm membrane decreases the antioxidant defense activity thereby leading to low sperm motility and viability, DNA fragmentation and protein denaturation. (scialert.net)
  • Oxygen free radicals generated by spermatozoa may be involved in the production of spermicidal cytotoxic end products [ 4 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • to superoxide or that "autoxidize", and when coupled with catalase Oxygen radicals clearly contribute to probably through reactions catalysed within peroxisomes or with cytosolic genomic instability, are produced by by transition metals. (who.int)
Enzymatic and non-enzymatic1
  • therefore, plants have evolved a complex array of enzymatic and non-enzymatic detoxification mechanisms to combat oxidative damage due to ROS. (biomedcentral.com)
Pathways2
  • Microsomes have the potential to oxidize alcohols by two pathways, one dependent on hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and the other dependent on cytochrome P-450 in which ·OH does not seem to be involved. (mssm.edu)
  • Enzyme assays of a laccase and a MnP on phenolic and nonphenolic β-aryl ether substrates revealed different primary reaction pathways due to the availability of the phenoxy radical intermediates. (biomedcentral.com)
Endogenous2
  • Limited endogenous mechanisms exist to reverse these damages. (scialert.net)
  • Fortunately, well-functioning cells have the ability to defend against the destructive effects of free radicals by the endogenous systems which consist of various enzymes such as superoxidase dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxide (GPX). (biomedcentral.com)
DPPH3
  • Antioxidant activity of extract was analyzed using DPPH free radical scavenging assay and the effect of the investigated extracts on the proliferation of keratinocytes (HaCaT) and fibroblasts (BJ) was measured. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The in vitro antioxidant activity of the tested extracts (RLE, RSE and RRE) showed significant potent total antioxidant capacity (TAC), DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, ferrous ions chelating and ferric reducing ions activities, H 2 O 2 and OH scavenging capacities. (fortunepublish.com)
  • BCME was characterised to determine its spectroscopic, chromatographic and antioxidant (DPPH, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals) properties. (biomedcentral.com)
Enzymes2
  • Antipyretic and anti-inflammatory actions by inhibiting COX-1 enzymes in patients with renal disease or. (esupport.ws)
  • Human spermatozoa possess these defense enzymes, which might be useful in the prediction of sperm fertilizing potentials [ 5 ]. (ijbs.com)
Benzene4
  • Benzene in soft drinks is of potential concern due to the carcinogenic nature of the molecule. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] The proposed mechanism begins with hydrogen abstraction by the hydroxyl radical, which itself is produced by the Cu2+-catalysed reduction of dioxygen by ascorbic acid: Other factors that affect the formation of benzene are heat and light. (wikipedia.org)
  • Calcium disodium EDTA and sugars have been shown to inhibit benzene production in soft drinks. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hydroxyl of a benzene ring and two radicals, one hydroxyl and one carboxyl it blood. (esupport.ws)
Organisms3
  • 10 organisms grown separately on nutrient agar plateswere subjected to guava water extract and results have shown that the growth of all these organisms was inhibited suggesting the antidiarrhoeal activity. (medicalhealthguide.com)
  • Lactic acid acidifies the vaginal milieu favoring the proliferation of Lactobacilli and inhibiting the growth of infection-associated organisms. (frontiersin.org)
  • The compounds that are found in some spices and produced by herbs act as self-defense mechanisms to protect the plant against infectious organisms [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Hydrogen2
  • In recent years, molecular hydrogen treatment has the potential to preventive and therapeutic applications against many diseases due to its extensive effects, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic [16, 17]. (researchgate.net)
  • However, the therapeutic mechanism of molecular hydrogen remains unclear. (arvojournals.org)
Membrane1
  • 10 ] derived from membrane phospholipids4 ( Figure ) radicals, one of the two drugs displaced from binding. (esupport.ws)
Proliferation1
  • In the present study, we assessed the possible effects of frankincense, pine needle and geranium essential oils on cell viability, proliferation, migration and invasion as well as the possible mechanisms. (spandidos-publications.com)
Molecules1
  • Promising results obtained in vitro as well as on animal studies suggest that GSE may have a great relevance as source of potential new pharmacological molecules,and could represent an important opportunity for clinical research. (oatext.com)
Mitochondrial1
  • Protein aggregation connected with dysfunctional protein degradation systems, mitochondrial perturbation related with cell death and oxidative stress were identified as mechanisms common to the two most-frequent neurodegenerative diseases in humans : Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. (encyclopedia.pub)
Cellular2
  • In this article, we have reviewed several recently identified natural products with potential antiaging properties and have highlighted their cellular and molecular mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
  • Excessive production of free radicals can cause cellular and tissue injury through nonspecific modification and disruption of phospholipids, proteins and nucleic acid [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Production6
  • The inactivation of cyclooxygenase inhibits production of prostaglandins fungal infection. (esupport.ws)
  • Aspirin therapy its irreversible inactivation of cyclooxygenase inhibits production of prostaglandins and. (esupport.ws)
  • We show that previously proposed Cl 2 production mechanisms cannot account for the large Cl 2 daytime source at this site and this source positively correlates with solar radiation, particulate nitrate, and particulate surface area. (nature.com)
  • Solid and liquid types of the product were found to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory compounds, like nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PG) e2 by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated mouse macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells. (masticlife.com)
  • Conclusively, Chios Mastic inhibits the production of both NO and PGe2 by activated macrophages mostly via its cytotoxic activity 29. (masticlife.com)
  • Additionally, excess nitric oxide is converted to peroxynitrite, a free radical that damages mitochondria and decreases ATP ( adenosine triphosphate) production. (msdmanuals.com)
Detrimental effects1
  • Free radicals have beneficial or detrimental effects upon sperm functions, which depend on their nature and concentration. (ijbs.com)
Potent1
Sperm1
  • Excessive generation of ROS in semen may be associated with reduced sperm fertilizing potentials. (ijbs.com)
Macrophages1
  • Collectively, these findings suggest oxidative stress, induced by particulates in alveolar macrophages and possibly alveolar epithelia, as a potential contributing factor in the pathogenesis of pulmonary disease or exacerbation of existing disease associated with exposure to airborne particulates. (cdc.gov)
Free radical induced1
  • The alterations are due in part to free radical induced molecular damage, and also to the 'residual heat' formed during each depolarization of the resting potential. (antiaging-systems.com)
Biological1
  • Quercetin is therefore expected to act as a phytochemical by exerting a wide variety of biological activities through these action mechanisms. (rsc.org)
Accumulation2
  • EPR spectroscopy measurements demonstrate that salinity (NaCl) triggers the accumulation of root apoplastic ascorbyl radicals in an A9C-dependent manner, confirming that l-ascorbate leaks through anion channels under depolarization. (deepdyve.com)
  • One of the first known mechanisms is the accumulation of proteins: α-synuclein (Parkinson's disease), Tau (Alzheimer's disease) and β-amyloid (Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease) proteins. (encyclopedia.pub)
Vitro1
  • Flavonoids have been shown to exhibit antiinflammatory, antithrombogenic, antidiabetic, anticancer, and neuroprotective activities through different mechanisms of action in vitro and in animal models. (oregonstate.edu)
Therapeutic2
  • Our data, challenging the current MDM2/p53 paradigm, show MDM2 is required for p53-inactivated TNBC cell survival, and PROTAC-targeted MDM2 degradation is an innovative potential therapeutic strategy for TNBC and superior to existing MDM2 inhibitors. (bvsalud.org)
  • Therapeutic potential of silymarin as a natural iron-chelating agent in β-thalassemia intermedia. (greenmedinfo.com)
Redox3
  • The redox potential (-446 mV) is independent of pH. (inchem.org)
  • This mechanism may underlie ascorbate release, signalling phenomena, apoplastic redox reactions, iron acquisition, and control the ionic and electrical equilibrium (together with K+ efflux via GORK channels). (deepdyve.com)
  • It is commonly known that oxidative stress caused by free radicals and their derivatives is responsible for disturbing redox homeostasis [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Inflammation1
  • Inflammation is also another important mechanism, which is disrupted in these pathologies. (encyclopedia.pub)
Significantly2
  • However, exogenous NaHS (donor of H 2 S, 70 μM) significantly alleviated the Cd-induced toxicity by inhibiting Cd absorbtion, promoting CdS nanoparticles formation and improving antioxidant system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • BCME exhibited antioxidant activity and significantly scavenged hydroxyl radicals. (biomedcentral.com)
Diseases1
  • Several studies have reviewed the effects of individual natural compounds on aging and aging-related diseases along with the underlying mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
Reaction2
  • elevation, while cation channel blockers, free radical scavengers, low extracellular [Ca2+], transition metal chelators, and removal of the cell wall inhibit this reaction. (deepdyve.com)
  • We show that the reaction of laccase and MnP with phenolic substrate yields products that arise from the cleavage of the carbon-carbon single bond between the α-carbon and the adjacent aryl carbon, consistent with the mechanism for producing phenoxy radical as reaction intermediates. (biomedcentral.com)
Targets1
  • Its absorption and metabolism (as well as its molecular targets) have been extensively explored from the viewpoint of its potential for disease prevention. (rsc.org)
Activity2
  • Also, Chios Mastic presents a notable antiatherogenic activity, and thus comprising a potential novel treatment approach for atherosclerosis. (masticlife.com)
  • Polyphenols have an ideal structural chemistry for free radical-scavenging activity. (fortunepublish.com)
Effects3
  • Antimicrobial effects of psidium guajava extract as one mechanism of its antidiarrhoeal action. (medicalhealthguide.com)
  • Although the MHA implicitly contradicts the central dogma of the FRTA, it does not deny the possibility of damaging side effects of these radicals. (antiaging-systems.com)
  • Despite promising results in animal studies, only a limited number of observational studies have reported potential cancer preventive effects of flavonoids in humans. (oregonstate.edu)
Reactions1
  • Allergic or pseudo allergic reactions include skin rashes, urticaria, pruritus, angioedema aspirin mechanism of action thrombocytopenic purpura and anaphylactoid. (esupport.ws)
Cell2
  • These radicals can also may cause DNA damage, leading to mutagenic changes and cell death [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the assays performed on HT-29 human adenocarcinoma and B16F10 melanoma cell cultures, the "green" pectins, contrary to acid isolated ones, exhibited remarkable anti-neoplastic potential while being nontoxic to nontransformed L929 cell line. (medicdebate.org)
Reduction1
  • OTHER PROPERTIES Solutions of paraquat become intensely purple on reduction, due to the formation of a water soluble, relatively stable free radical, which absorbs at 400 nm. (inchem.org)
Compounds2
  • With the growing consumer demand for natural preservatives to replace chemical compounds, plant antimicrobial compounds must be thoroughly investigated for their potential to serve as biopreservatives. (hindawi.com)
  • Natural products from food sources, such as polyphenols, saponins, alkaloids, and polysaccharides, are classified as antiaging compounds that promote health and prolong life via various mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
Action2
  • The capacity of the antioxidant gradient of keratinocytes is associated with attenuation of the action of related free radicals in both esthetics and health. (intechopen.com)
  • Is pre… in 1971, Vane discovered the mechanism of action dysmenorrhea neuralgia! (esupport.ws)
Transition1
  • Sequestration in many of the processes identified can also result in the release of ox- of transition metals, principally iron above as necessary for conversion ygen radicals ( Hrycay and Bandiera, and copper, in their oxidized forms of normal cel s into cancer cel s. (who.int)
Flavonoids2
  • There has been much interest in the potential health benefits of flavonoids associated with fruit- and vegetable-rich diets. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Flavonoids have attracted much attention as non-nutritional food factors exerting a potential function in disease prevention and health promotion. (rsc.org)
Anticancer1
  • Such a phenomenon has inspired us to apply the pro-oxidative mechanism of GA-Fe to anticancer therapy. (nature.com)
Alzheimer's1
  • In the case of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, some common mechanisms have been identified. (encyclopedia.pub)