MoietyPolyketide synthaseSynthesis2019AntibioticsChlorophyllMetabolismMolecular MechanismsProteinsPorphyrinCycloadditionPathogenesisReaction mechanismCompoundFormationActionTypeEffectsActivationFoundStudySynthesisPathwayHeterocyclicDioxygenaseDerivativesPorphobilinogenEnzymeMoleculesPharmacologyReactionChemicalCatalyticUnclearResponsesMolecularExposureImmuneTransitionGroupProductionCancerActivityComplexPotentialDomainTreatmentPosition
Moiety3
- The halogenation domain PltA then dichlorinates the pyrrole moiety first at position 5 and then at position 4 in a FADH2 dependent manner. (wikipedia.org)
- Novotna J, Gust B , Kulik A, Spizek J, Heide L. (2013) Five gene products are required for assembly of the central pyrrole moiety of coumermycin A(1). (uni-tuebingen.de)
- Siebenberg S, Burkard N, Knuplesch A, Gust B , Grond S, Heide L. (2011) Two pathways for pyrrole formation in coumermycin A(1) biosynthesis: the central pyrrole moiety is formed from L-threonine. (uni-tuebingen.de)
Polyketide synthase1
- Tang X, Eitel K, Kaysser L, Kulik A, Grond S, Gust B . (2013) A two-step sulfation in antibiotic biosynthesis requires a type III polyketide synthase. (uni-tuebingen.de)
Synthesis2
- Synthesis of pyrrole and carbazole alkaloids. (novapublishers.com)
- Her team determined that Plasmodium species, including P. falciparum, one of five protozoa that cause malaria and the one that accounts for more than 90% of mortality associated with malaria, relies exclusively on pyrimidine biosynthesis to provide precursors for DNA and RNA synthesis, so blocking pyrimidine biosynthesis can selectively kill the parasite without damaging other critical cells. (asbmb.org)
20191
- Wiker F, Hauck N, Grond S, Gust B .(2019) Caprazamycins: Biosynthesis and structure activity relationship studies. (uni-tuebingen.de)
Antibiotics3
- 2020) Identification and Characterization of Enzymes Involved in the Biosynthesis of Pyrimidine Nucleoside Antibiotics. (uni-tuebingen.de)
- 2014) Mechanism of action of the uridyl peptide antibiotics: an unexpected link to a protein-protein interaction site in translocase MraY. (uni-tuebingen.de)
- Gust B , Eitel K, Tang X. (2013) The biosynthesis of caprazamycins and related liponucleoside antibiotics: new insights. (uni-tuebingen.de)
Chlorophyll3
- Its chemical structure is based on a _corrin_ ring, which, although quite similar to the porphyrin ring found in heme, chlorophyll, and cytochrome, has two of the pyrrole rings directly bonded. (pharmfair.com)
- All the chlorophyll molecules are characterized by the presence of four pyrrole-like rings (thus termed tetrapyrroles) along with an additional fifth ring. (microbenotes.com)
- The biosynthesis of chlorophyll a takes place by the reaction between chlorophyllide a and phytyl diphosphate in the presence of the enzyme chlorophyll synthase. (microbenotes.com)
Metabolism1
- Biotin is necessary for the proper functioning of enzymes that transport carboxyl units and fix carbon dioxide, and is required for various metabolic functions, including gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, fatty acid biosynthesis, propionate metabolism, and catabolism of branched-chain amino acids. (pharmfair.com)
Molecular Mechanisms1
- Proposed molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress-induced Nrf2 activation. (hindawi.com)
Proteins2
- is an ɑ-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. (pinnacleclinic.com)
- Aspartic acid, is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. (pinnacleclinic.com)
Porphyrin2
- An outline of the porphyrin pathway reveals the pathophysiological mechanisms that cause porphyria. (medscape.com)
- A mechanism of porphyrin formation from the monopyrrole. (nationalacademies.org)
Cycloaddition2
- Steric interactions controlling the syn diastereofacial selectivity in the [3+2] cycloaddition reaction between acetonitrile axide and 7-oxanorborn-5-en-2-ones. (luisrdomingo.com)
- P. A new model for C-C bond formation processes derived from the Molecular Electron-Density Theory in the study of the mechanism of [3+2] cycloaddition reactions of carbenoid nitrile ylides with electron-deficient ethylenes. (luisrdomingo.com)
Pathogenesis1
- Characterizing the mechanisms by which coronavirus infection dictates pathogenesis or counters the host immune response would provide targets for the development of therapeutics. (bvsalud.org)
Reaction mechanism1
- HbFe(III)-OOradical dot, HbFe(III)-OONO and protein-caged [HbFe(III)-Oradical dotradical dotNO2] are proposed intermediates in a reaction mechanism that combines both O-atoms of O2 with radical dotNO to form nitrate and HbFe(III). (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Compound2
- A more recent compound, DSM 705, another candidate from a pyrrole-based series called DSM705, has been identified as having antimalarial effects on P. falciparum and P. vivax (the type of protozoa in the recent Texas case). (asbmb.org)
- In this study, we identified a maleimide compound [1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1hydro-pyrrole-2,5-dione, MPD] that exerts effective anti-virulence activity. (qxmd.com)
Formation2
- Finally, combined quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) modelling of the IdmH reaction shows that the active site of the enzyme provides an appropriate environment to promote indane-ring formation, supporting the assignment of IdmH as the key Diels-Alderase catalysing the final step in the biosynthesis of indanomycin through a similar mechanism to other recently characterized Diels-Alderases involved in polyketide-tailoring reactions. (iucr.org)
- These authors suggested the mechanism involved in the formation with near equal probability of a hydroperoxy group at positions 8, 9, 10 and 11 of oleic acid. (gerli.com)
Action1
- This chapter also emphasizes the usage of some prominent microorganisms, their secreted enzymes and their proposed mechanisms of action involved with the degradation of the waste products. (preprints.org)
Type1
- The dichloropyrroyl residue is then transferred to the type I PKS PltB and PltC, however, the mechanism of transfer is unknown. (wikipedia.org)
Effects2
- Mechanism of the acid-promoted intramolecular schmidt reaction: theoretical assessment of the importance of lone pair-cation, cation-, and steric effects in controlling regioselectivity. (tamu.edu)
- Isotope effects and the mechanism of epoxidation of cyclohexenone with tert-butyl hydroperoxide. (tamu.edu)
Activation1
- Pyoluteorin biosynthesis begins with the activation of L-proline to prolyl-AMP by the adenylation domain PltF. (wikipedia.org)
Found1
- The same mechanism was also found in polymyxin B and colistin induced drug-resistant mutants of Kpn2146 (Mut-B and Mut-E, respectively). (bvsalud.org)
Study1
- AIM: This study aims to investigate the effect of dapagliflozin on sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy and the potential mechanisms involved. (bvsalud.org)
Synthesis1
- The Hantzsch pyrrole synthesis is the reaction of β-ketoesters ( 1 ) with ammonia (or primary amines) and α-haloketones ( 2 ) to give substituted pyrroles ( 3 ). (cloudfront.net)
Pathway2
- also known as PBG (porphobilinogen) deaminase], the third enzyme in the haem biosynthesis pathway. (nih.gov)
- 18. Functional redundancy of CDP-ethanolamine and CDP-choline pathway enzymes in phospholipid biosynthesis: ethanolamine-dependent effects on steady-state membrane phospholipid composition in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (nih.gov)
Heterocyclic1
- Chlorophyll a contains a magnesium ion encased in a large ring structure known as a chlorin.The chlorin ring is a heterocyclic compound derived from pyrrole.Four nitrogen atoms from the chlorin surround and bind the magnesium atom. (pougetlaw.com)
Dioxygenase2
- It was recently shown that maturation of DCs in the presence of PGE2 results in upregulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) providing a potential mechanism for the development of DC-mediated Tcell tolerance. (nih.gov)
- The enzymes function via an iron-dependent dioxygenase mechanism that couples the conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinate to the hydroxylation of N-methyl groups. (bvsalud.org)
Derivatives2
- Substituted derivatives are also called pyrroles, e.g. (cloudfront.net)
- Pyrrole itself is not naturally occurring, [ citation needed ] but many of its derivatives are found in a variety of cofactors and natural products . (cloudfront.net)
Porphobilinogen1
- Porphobilinogen , a trisubstituted pyrrole, is the biosynthetic precursor to many natural products such as heme . (cloudfront.net)
Enzyme2
- Believed to inhibit the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is essential in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. (medscape.com)
- Rosuvastatin (Crestor), calcium bis[(+)-(3 R ,5 S ,6 E )-7-[4-( p -fluorophenyl)-6-isopropyl-2-( N -methylmethanesulfonamido)-5-pyrimidinyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-6-heptenoate], is a new and highly effective inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA 1 ) reductase (the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis). (aspetjournals.org)
Molecules2
- Common naturally produced molecules containing pyrroles include vitamin B 12 , bile pigments like bilirubin and biliverdin , and the porphyrins of heme , chlorophyll , chlorins , bacteriochlorins , and porphyrinogens. (cloudfront.net)
- All the chlorophyll molecules are characterized by the presence of four pyrrole-like rings (thus termed tetrapyrroles) along with an additional fifth ring. (pougetlaw.com)
Pharmacology1
- This study aims to explore the mechanism of action of MF and EC for the treatment of immunosuppression through network pharmacology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations and animal experiments. (preprints.org)
Reaction4
- Mechanism reaction (catalytic steps). (furg.br)
- Reaction mechanisms. (furg.br)
- The tsscds method, recently developed in our group, discovers chemical reaction mechanisms with minimal human intervention. (preprints.org)
- Mechanism of the formation of dichlorocarbene by reaction of chloroform with strong base. (openstax.org)
Chemical1
- Kento Koketsu, Kenji Watanabe, Haruna Suda, Hiroki Oguri, Hideaki Oikawa* "Reconstruction of the saframycin core scaffold defines dual Pictet-Spengler mechanisms" Nature Chemical Biology 2010 , 6 , 408-410. (u-tokyo.ac.jp)
Catalytic1
- Pyrrole can also be formed by catalytic dehydrogenation of pyrrolidine. (cloudfront.net)
Unclear2
- This study emphasizes the association between aflatoxin and stunting, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. (nih.gov)
- However, the mechanism of MF and EC against immunosuppression remains unclear. (preprints.org)
Responses2
- Chiral monoterpenes reveal forest emission mechanisms and drought responses. (mpic.de)
- In this review, we summarize the plethora of molecular mechanisms directing renal progenitor responses during homeostasis and following kidney injury. (preprints.org)
Molecular1
- Proposed molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress-induced Nrf2 activation. (hindawi.com)
Exposure1
- Pyrrole is a colorless volatile liquid that darkens readily upon exposure to air, and is usually purified by distillation immediately before use. (cloudfront.net)
Immune1
- Immune tolerance is a central mechanism counteracting tumor-specific immunity and preventing effective anticancer immunotherapy. (nih.gov)
Transition1
- Genomic and physiological mechanisms underlying skin plasticity during water to air transition in an amphibious fish. (nih.gov)
Group1
- Member of the pyrrolo-pyrrole group of NSAIDs. (medscape.com)
Production2
- Studying microbial VOC profiles in vitro allows the mechanisms governing VOC production and the cellular origin of VOCs to be deduced. (nature.com)
- Burkholder PR, Pfister RM, Leitz FH (1966) Production of a pyrrole antibiotic by a marine bacterium. (springer.com)
Cancer2
- 16. Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 activity triggers an apoptotic response in pancreatic cancer cells through JNK-dependent mechanisms. (nih.gov)
- Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are commonly known by their role in cell cycle regulation which affects cancer mechanism. (iospress.com)
Activity1
- Its treatment activity on the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) would be evaluated and the related mechanism was explored. (iospress.com)
Complex1
- Pyrroles are components of more complex macrocycles, including the porphyrinogens and products derived therefrom, including porphyrins of heme , the chlorins , bacteriochlorins, and chlorophylls . (cloudfront.net)
Potential1
- Studying VOCs emitted from bacteria under controlled conditions identifies potential mechanisms behind projected VOC profiles in infectious disease-associated individuals. (nature.com)
Domain1
- The halogenation domain PltA then dichlorinates the pyrrole moiety first at position 5 and then at position 4 in a FADH2 dependent manner. (wikipedia.org)
Treatment1
- Pyrrole is prepared industrially by treatment of furan with ammonia in the presence of solid acid catalysts , like SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 . (cloudfront.net)
Position1
- Pyrrole is also weakly acidic at the N-H position, with a p K a of 16.5. (cloudfront.net)