• The oncogene of the human EJ bladder carcinoma cell lines arose via alteration of a cellular proto-oncogene. (nature.com)
  • This gene was initially identified as a homolog of the feline sarcoma viral oncogene v-kit and is often referred to as proto-oncogene c-Kit. (nih.gov)
  • Myc proto-oncogene encodes nuclear DNA-binding phosphoproteins that are involved in the regulation of gene expression and DNA replication during cell growth and differentiation. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • The paper also presents evidence that oncogenes encoded on ecDNA are among the most highly expressed genes in the transcriptome of the tumors. (genengnews.com)
  • Cell biology of tumour development including apoptosis, oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. (bath.ac.uk)
  • Apoptosis may serve also as a protective mechanism to prevent tumorigenicity elicited by deregulated Myc expression. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • The aim of the present investigation was to elucidate the cellular mechanisms whereby Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro in keratinocytes, the target cells in psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
  • Therefore, based on clinical experience as well as cytotoxic activity against multiple human cancer cells, we hypothesized that induction of apoptosis is the underlying mechanism for the treatment of psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
  • Driver events in pediatric malignancies can occur through loss of function in tumor suppressor genes or gain of function in proto-oncogenes. (medscape.com)
  • Genetic predisposition, which might lead to either activation of oncogenes or inhibition of tumor suppressor genes, are risk factors of colon cancer development. (lu.se)
  • Western blotting was performed to detect the protein levels of cyclin‑dependent kinase inhibitor P21 (P21), B‑cell lymphoma‑2 (Bcl‑2), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and E26 oncogene homolog 1 (ETS1). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Genetic alterations of BCL2 (B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2), MYC [v-myc myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (avian)] and CCND1 (cyclin D1) are the most frequently found alterations in human B-cell lymphomas. (haematologica.org)
  • Most oncogenes require an additional step, such as mutations in another gene, or environmental factors, such as viral infection, to cause cancer. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Our data also demonstrate that NS1 associates with IRF-3 and its transcriptional coactivator CBP, leading to disrupted association of IRF-3 to CBP and subsequent reduced binding of IRF-3 to the IFN-β promoter without blocking viral-induced IRF-3 phosphorylation, nuclear translocation and dimerization, thereby identifying a novel molecular mechanism by which RSV inhibits IFN-β synthesis. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Dr. Zarbl is known for his work in areas of toxicogenomics, and mechanisms of and genetic susceptibility to chemical carcinogenesis, mechanisms of mutagenesis and toxicity, and technology development. (cdc.gov)
  • mechanisms of carcinogenesis chapter 13. (who.int)
  • The aim of the Monographs has been, from their inception, to evaluate evidence of carcinogenicity at any stage in the carcinogenesis process, independently of the underlying mechanisms. (who.int)
  • Experiments are presented that localize the genetic lesion that led to activation of the oncogene. (nature.com)
  • These genetic changes can occur by multiple mechanisms that can be inherited (found in the germline) or acquired (somatic). (medscape.com)
  • The performers are oncogenes, the genetic equivalent of reckless acrobats, rampant beasts, and evil clowns. (genengnews.com)
  • oncogene activation, mechanisms of signal transduction, and genetic linkage analysis. (cdc.gov)
  • After more than four decades of intensive research, the cellular origins of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) have been well defined, and several distinct genetic mechanisms that lead to malignant transformation of these cells have been identified ( 1 - 4 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • and the mechanism and role of oncogene translocations in lymphoid neoplasia. (science.org.au)
  • Thus chromosomal translocations invoicing the Ig loci may not only contribute to transformation by deregulating oncogene expression but could also act by potentiating subsequent oncogene hypermutation. (lu.se)
  • Genome profiling identified oncogene signaling mechanisms in CNT SAECs that were quite different from asbestos-exposed (ASB) SAEC. (cdc.gov)
  • The authors suggest that ecDNA, because of its increased DNA copy numbers and in association with enhanced chromatin accessibility, promotes massively increased transcription of the oncogenes. (genengnews.com)
  • Back in 2014, they discovered that ecDNA plays a central role in the drug resistance of certain brain tumors by enabling tumors to rapidly change the amount of oncogenes they contain-and thereby determine whether a cell transforms into a tumor cell. (genengnews.com)
  • Although, most of these studies have focused on treatment of tumors, the effects and mechanism of action in keratinocytes are still poorly understood. (hindawi.com)
  • Host Response to Tumors The immune response to foreign antigens consists of Humoral mechanisms (eg, antibodies) Cellular mechanisms (See also Tumor Antigens. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The material from each step isscreened using acellular and in vitro assays for evaluating general toxicity, mechanisms of toxicity, and macrophage function. (cdc.gov)
  • Mutations and gene amplifications that confer drug resistance emerge frequently during chemotherapy, but their mechanism and timing are poorly understood. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. (bvsalud.org)
  • Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate can inhibit hypoxia induced retinal neovascularization in a dose-dependent manner, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor pathway related proteins by sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate. (ijpsonline.com)
  • For instance, cancers such as melanoma, lung, and thyroid cancers are driven by the BRAF oncogene. (rsc.org)
  • 1 Reversible protein phosphorylation is an important regulatory mechanism that controls the activities of a myriad of proteins and is thus involved in virtually every major physiological process. (ac.be)
  • In addition to the host regulatory mechanisms response to disease, the microbiome can make changes to the expression of the host features such as their genes, proteins, and/or PTMs. (rsc.org)
  • Protein and gene expression of apoptotic signaling pathway-related proteins such as caspase-3, cytochrome c, and PARP were determined to provide evidence for the mechanisms of action of Tan IIA in the treatment of psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
  • His studies in the area of toxicogenomics include the development and application of standards for DNA microarray experiments, and phenotypic anchoring of response of human cells, model organisms (yeast) and target organs (rodents) to toxicants, providing insights into dose and temporal responses, as well as mechanisms of action. (cdc.gov)
  • You will gain hands-on experience in planning and conducting laboratory experiments that address fundamental cellular mechanisms underlying physiological and disease processes. (lu.se)
  • The two-hit hypothesis has now been adopted as a key mechanism for the loss of function of tumor suppressors leading to oncogenesis. (medscape.com)
  • I investigated the underlying mechanisms/signaling triggered by these tumor suppressors in colon cancer cells and whether the re-expression of these tumor suppressors could be an attractive therapeutic strategy for treatment of colon cancer patients. (lu.se)
  • In this review, we studied on the effects and molecular mechanisms of Rhizoma coptidis on NF-κB/MAPK/PI3K-Akt/AMPK/ERS and oxidative stress pathways. (springer.com)
  • Membrane-bound HER receptors activate numerous tumor promoting signaling cascades via this mechanism, including the PI3K/AKT, Ras/Raf/Mek/Erk, PLCγ/PKC, and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways [1] , [2] . (plos.org)
  • One of the reasons for this is the acquisition of Gem resistance (Gem‑R). To elucidate the mechanism of Gem‑R, two Gem‑R PaCa cell lines were established from AsPC‑1 and MIA PaCa‑2 cells. (cancerindex.org)
  • Understanding the mechanism underlying the role of tumor stroma, especially cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), during chemoresistance would significantly contribute to the clinical application of chemotherapy agents. (dovepress.com)
  • 9 , 10 As such, it is urgent to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy to NSCLC and explore the molecular mechanism underlying cisplatin resistance of NSCLC. (dovepress.com)
  • Innate or acquired resistance to small molecule BRAF or MEK1/2 inhibitors (BRAFi or MEKi) typically arises through mechanisms that sustain or reinstate ERK1/2 activation. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • These resistance mechanisms frequently involve reinstatement of ERK1/2 signalling and BRAFi are now deployed in combination with one of three approved MEK1/2 inhibitors (MEKi) to provide more durable, but still transient, clinical responses. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Our goal is to identify mechanisms that are relevant in the context of insulin resistance and diabetes / diabetes complications. (lu.se)
  • Despite the tremendous progress that has been made in the therapeutic use of Tan IIA, the molecular mechanism(s) involved in the treatment of psoriasis remain(s) unresolved. (hindawi.com)
  • Instead, it affects the structure of the oncogene-encoded protein. (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, ecDNA is shown to have a significantly greater number of ultra-long-range interactions with active chromatin, which provides insight into how the structure of circular ecDNA affects oncogene function, and connects ecDNA biology with modern cancer genomics and epigenetics. (genengnews.com)
  • Molecular mechanisms of leukemogenesis induced by two human oncogenes: BCR/ABL and TEL/PDGFbetaR in a murine model. (jax.org)
  • Since the 1970s, dozens of oncogenes have been identified in human cancer. (medicalxpress.com)
  • 7 Importantly, it is believed that other hitherto unknown genes also play important roles in lymphomagenesis in addition to the synergistic effects of the aforementioned two oncogenes since human B-cell lymphomas often show a variety of genes subject to alterations and/or deregulated expression. (haematologica.org)
  • By participating in our research projects, you will gain valuable experience in cutting-edge research techniques, broaden your understanding of cellular mechanisms in physiology and disease, and contribute to our mission to advance knowledge in the field of immunology. (lu.se)
  • Glycoproteins of the cytosol and nucleus can be modified through the reversible addition of a single GlcNAc residue that is considered reciprocal to phosphorylation and the functions of these are likely to be an additional regulatory mechanism that controls phosphorylation-based signalling. (wikipedia.org)
  • Experience: Bridge the gap between experimental scientists and statistical researchers by representing the causal mechanisms that are likely to lead to biological damage of policy interest. (cdc.gov)
  • Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis were used to search for crucial target genes and mechanisms. (hindawi.com)
  • The cytotoxicity and mechanism of screening clustered with the purity grade of BNNTs, illustrating that greater purity of BNNT corresponds to greater toxicity. (cdc.gov)
  • Our goal is to gain a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms and implications of C3 and CD59 in pancreatic β-cell function and diabetes. (lu.se)
  • however, the efficacy of such treatments and mechanisms of action have rarely been tested in controlled studies. (biorxiv.org)
  • The molecular mechanisms of action of the major classes of drugs currently in use and their shortcomings. (bath.ac.uk)
  • A major area of focus will be the mechanisms of action of oncogenes (e.g. (york.ac.uk)
  • requires new treatment options with unique mechanism(s) of action. (elifesciences.org)
  • Dufraine J, Funahashi Y, Kitajewski J. Notch signaling regulates tumor angiogenesis by diverse mechanisms. (medlineplus.gov)
  • However, the exact molecular mechanisms of diabetes still need to be explored. (frontiersin.org)
  • These previous studies have mostly been limited to the pharmacodynamic effects of propofol on phenotypes, and the underlying mechanisms of the antitumor effects still need to be explored. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The lesion has no affect on levels of expression of the oncogene. (nature.com)
  • The new findings appeared November 20 in Nature , in an article titled, " Circular ecDNA promotes accessible chromatin and high oncogene expression . (genengnews.com)
  • Our work evaluates the mechanism involved in confluence-dependent CD26 expression in colon cancer. (nih.gov)
  • As a traditional Chinese medicine, Rhizoma coptidis has excellent therapeutic effects on various diseases, but the underlying systematic molecular mechanisms are still far from being fully elucidated. (springer.com)
  • PRR on myeloid cells can be triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), but also indirectly by secondary mechanisms such as complement activation and circulating antibodies (Abs), resulting in cytolytic and phagocytic effector mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this study, we aimed to explore the treatment mechanism of SQP in NASH rats, which may further contribute to the in-depth exploration of SQP in clinical applications. (hindawi.com)
  • In this review, we discuss how rudimentary defense mechanisms deployed by myeloid cells can promote tumor progression. (frontiersin.org)
  • Point mutations have been described within c-MYC in several Burkitt's lymphomas and it has been proposed that translocation into the Ig loci might have transformed c-MYC into a substrate for the antibody hypermutation mechanism. (lu.se)
  • Their loss of function is a well described mechanism of malignant proliferation. (medscape.com)
  • That is, the cancer cells parcel out ecDNA to daughter cells in a seemingly random way, providing a mechanism by which certain daughter cells could receive multiple cancerous copies within one cell division. (genengnews.com)
  • An oncogene is a gene that, when mutated or expressed at high levels, helps turn a normal cell into a cancer cell. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Pathogen clearance is mediated by mechanisms such as phagocytosis, respiratory burst with the production of ROS and RNS and release of bacteriostatic peptides, but also through the cell-extrinsic initiation of inflammation via the release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines ( 24 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been demonstrated to be essential stromal components in the tumor microenvironment, regulating cancer cell growth, migration, invasion, and chemo-response through various mechanisms. (dovepress.com)
  • Together, these studies identify T cell-mediated tumor regression as the mechanism through which a plant-derived essential oil diminishes established tumor burden. (biorxiv.org)
  • This has led to the development of a range of ERK1/2 inhibitors (ERKi) that either inhibit kinase catalytic activity (catERKi) or additionally prevent the activating pT-E-pY dual phosphorylation of ERK1/2 by MEK1/2 (dual-mechanism or dmERKi). (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Then we summarized the mechanisms of these alkaloid components of Rhizoma coptidis on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes and diabetic complications. (springer.com)
  • To investigate the mechanism of sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate inhibiting hypoxia induced retinal neovascularization in rats. (ijpsonline.com)
  • In order to gain insight into mechanisms of disease, we need to investigate each of these features and their interplay. (rsc.org)
  • L'étude menée en Iraq a utilisé la méthode d'hybridation in situ pour déterminer la fréquence du papillomavirus humain et pour son génotypage dans les échantillons de tissus prélevés auprès de 129 patientes ayant reçu un diagnostic de cancer du sein malin, de 24 patientes porteuses d'une tumeur du sein bénigne et de 20 femmes témoins en bonne santé. (who.int)
  • Bioactive derivatives from the camphor laurel tree, Cinnamomum camphora , are posited to exhibit chemopreventive properties but the efficacy and mechanism of these natural products have not been established. (biorxiv.org)
  • Next, we developed a synergism-based functional screening method for the identification of other oncogene(s) that act with Bcl2 and Myc . (haematologica.org)
  • Since RA signalling is highly dose-dependent, a fine-tuning regulatory mechanism is required. (mdpi.com)