Mechanism biophysical processes. Medical search. Frequent questions

Additional research in Dr. Berger's laboratory is focused on understanding the molecular mechanisms and cellular functions of multisubunit assemblies that control the organization, preservation, and flow of genetic information. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Our findings provide the molecular mechanisms by which Tan IIA can be used to treat psoriasis and support the traditional use of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bungee (Labiatae) for psoriasis and related skin diseases. (hindawi.com)
The molecular mechanisms by which they operate during their cell-to-cell communication are mostly unclear. (rgcb.res.in)
We employ high-resolution NMR studies of large chaperone-client complexes to provide an atomic resolution description of their structure and conformation and understand molecular mechanisms underlying their function. (unibas.ch)
Further work is now needed to investigate the exact molecular mechanisms behind the activation of p63. (elifesciences.org)
To examine this fundamental yet poorly understood process we have developed novel genetic and biophysical tools to identify proteins implicated in the histone-to-protamine exchange and to dissect the molecular mechanisms of chromatin reorganization during spermiogenesis. (hhs.gov)
Recent data on the molecular mechanisms of pre-neural bioelectricity suggest a model of how increasingly sophisticated cognitive functions emerge smoothly from cell-cell communication used to guide embryogenesis and regeneration. (philpapers.org)
The study highlights how combining multiple methods helps to systematically dissect the molecular mechanisms driving oligomer formation and to design ultimately efficient strategies for preventing detrimental protein aggregation. (lu.se)

Significance: The characterization of mechanisms of cell penetration is fundamental for the understanding of aggregate transmission in disease. (ugent.be)
and (3) Geographic Methods, i.e., remote sensing, GIS & spatial analysis and modeling approaches within the context of landscape characterization and representation of social and biophysical systems with particular emphasis on the use of spatial models for landscape characterization and simulation of the drivers of land use/land cover change. (unc.edu)
Take a leading role in cross-disciplinary mechanistic studies using physics-based modeling and simulation, biophysical characterization, and cellular validation. (novartis.com)
We present a biophysical characterization of the oligomerization and aggregation processes by Interferon alpha-2a (IFNα-2a), a protein drug with antiviral and immunomodulatory properties. (lu.se)

Deepened knowledge on the biophysical chemistry of proteins with emphasis on properties rather than methods. (lu.se)
Protein and gene expression of apoptotic signaling pathway-related proteins such as caspase-3, cytochrome c, and PARP were determined to provide evidence for the mechanisms of action of Tan IIA in the treatment of psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
Recent structural, biophysical, and biochemical studies have provided novel insights into how β -arrestins bind to activated GPCRs and downstream effector proteins. (aspetjournals.org)
More recent work focuses on how neuronal guidance proteins are involved in these processes, and in modeling the biophysical attributes of the normal and diseased adult lung. (yale.edu)
In delineating the processes described above, we discovered an unexpected contribution of neuronal guidance proteins (NGPs) to IPF and related diseases. (yale.edu)
Specifically, we are interested in post-translational modifications, changes to a protein after it's produced, which add an incredible level of diversity to the underlying proteins within a cell and can control a diverse array of processes, including protein stability, interactions, and activity. (upenn.edu)
For example, some favorite modifications can lead to the protein being degraded which provides a mechanism to get rid of proteins which cause disease. (upenn.edu)
In order to obtain more insights about the process and to obtain supporting evidence for the tow-step nucleation mechanism (2) and theory we investigated the nucleation process and early crystallization events for various proteins, applying complementary biophysical methods (3,4,5). (lu.se)

He is the director of the Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, professor of biophysics and biophysical chemistry at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and co-director of the Cancer Chemical and Structural Biology Program for the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Thomas Tuschl and his colleagues at the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry in Göttingen succeeded in demonstrating that this mechanism also functions in mammals and, therefore, in humans. (mpg.de)

Researchers proposed several models in attempts to elucidate the biophysical mechanism of this energy-independent process. (wikipedia.org)
The aim of the present investigation was to elucidate the cellular mechanisms whereby Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro in keratinocytes, the target cells in psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
The research goals are to elucidate cellular mechanisms of normal and impaired peripheral and central sensory processing, to explore sensorimotor transformation, the modulation of sensory and motor function and to study goal-directed behavior. (uni-goettingen.de)
Systems physiology and computational approaches are used to elucidate processing principles and circuit plasticity in the auditory system of insects and in the primate visual cortex, where also the modulation by attention is studied. (uni-goettingen.de)

Dendrites - the branch-like projections of neurons do more than relay information from one neuron to the next, these dendrites process information, multiplying the brain's computing power, say researchers. (medindia.net)
Study co-author Tiago Branco, PhD, created a biophysical, mathematical model of neurons and found that known mechanisms could support the dendritic spiking recorded electrically, further validating the interpretation of the data. (medindia.net)
We introduce a novel approach to study neurons as sophisticated I/O information processing units by utilizing recent advances in the field of machine learning. (biorxiv.org)
Our results demonstrate that cortical neurons can be conceptualized as multi-layered "deep" processing units, implying that the cortical networks they form have a non-classical architecture and are potentially more computationally powerful than previously assumed. (biorxiv.org)
With the recent development of sophisticated genetical, optical and electrical techniques it has become clear that many key neuron types (e.g., cortical and hippocampal pyramidal neurons, cerebellar Purkinje cells) are highly complicated I/O information processing devices. (biorxiv.org)
As a result of local nonlinear dendritic processing, a train of output spikes are generated in the neuron axon, carrying information that is communicated, via synapses, to thousands of other (postsynaptic) neurons. (biorxiv.org)
However, the basic function of the perceptron, a linear summation of its inputs and thresholding for output generation, highly oversimplifies the synaptic integration processes taking place in real neurons. (biorxiv.org)
Using multi-electrode recordings in mice, we find that rate and rhythmicity of thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) neurons are predictive of their functional organization in sleep and suggestive of their participation in sensory processing across states. (frontiersin.org)

Smith's team then found that the dendritic spikes occurred selectively, depending on the visual stimulus, indicating that the dendrites processed information about what the animal was seeing. (medindia.net)

The candidate will employ a multidisciplinary approach to dissect the mechanisms of bacterial signaling pathways and understand the contribution of such signaling pathways to bacterial pathogenesis. (fems-microbiology.org)

Conservation strategies are undermined by limited scientific knowledge, especially of mechanisms that link ecological and social processes. (clarku.edu)

Studying aggregate internalization, however, is often hampered by the complex kinetics of the aggregation process, resulting in the concomitant uptake of aggregates of different sizes by competing mechanisms, which makes it difficult to isolate pathway-specific responses to aggregates. (ugent.be)

The approach relies on a blend of structural, biochemical, and biophysical methods to define the architecture, function, evolution, and regulation of protein/nucleic acid complexes. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Following a short summary of recent structural studies, this review primarily focuses on β -arrestin-regulated physiologic functions, with particular focus on the central nervous system and the roles of β -arrestins in carcinogenesis and key metabolic processes including the maintenance of glucose and energy homeostasis. (aspetjournals.org)
The fellow will use a variety of genetic, biochemical, biophysical, structural, and mouse infection methods to identify novel cellular processes involved in bacterial pathogenesis with the long-term goal of targeting these processes for antibiotic or vaccine development. (fems-microbiology.org)

The biophysical processes leading to this peculiar behavior are however poorly understood. (aps.org)

Since protamine packaging results in a super-condensed chromatin state, which does not easily lend itself to mechanistic investigations in vivo, we have developed novel methods to purify protamines from sperm to use in both in vitro DNA curtain assays and in vitro reconstitution assays of the histone-to-protamine exchange process. (hhs.gov)

The majority of early research suggested that the translocation of polycationic CPPs across biological membranes occurred via an energy-independent cellular process. (wikipedia.org)
Permafrost is warming, hydrological processes are changing and biological and social systems are also evolving in response to these changing conditions. (usgs.gov)
Intramolecular charge transfer processes play an important role in many biological, chemical and physical processes including photosynthesis, redox chemical reactions and electron transfer in molecular electronics. (nature.com)
In biological systems, charge transfer figures in various key processes, from energy transduction to CO 2 reduction and water splitting, to nucleic acid biosynthesis. (nature.com)
This analysis discriminates between different biological mechanisms to achieve a transient signal from a sustained TGF-b input, where one mechanism is to use a negative feedback to turn the signal off. (lu.se)

The lab employs cutting-edge computational and biophysical methods to monitor single receptor molecules in real-time to decipher their functional mechanisms. (rgcb.res.in)
By using computational techniques and mathematics that describe the physical processes occurring in early pregnancy I plan to provide a framework that can fill the gaps between observations made by scientists working in different disciplines, from cell biologists to ultrasound specialists. (royalsociety.org.nz)
Surprisingly, not only did we find that spindle-generating TRN circuits engage in attentional processing, but we also discover that this engagement involves alpha oscillations, a waking rhythm with computational properties similar to spindles. (frontiersin.org)
These findings support a model in which common thalamic circuits regulate sensory processing across sleep and attention, and suggest that targeting these circuits or their computational principles may be an effective therapeutic strategy in neurodevelopmental disorders. (frontiersin.org)

Although, most of these studies have focused on treatment of tumors, the effects and mechanism of action in keratinocytes are still poorly understood. (hindawi.com)

Keys joined the Department of Mechanical Engineering in the Fall of 2022 as a teaching-line faculty member, having just completed his PhD at Cornell University where he studied the biophysical mechanisms which control cancer cell migration using microfluidic devices. (northwestern.edu)
The aim of this research is to investigate breast cancer extravasation in vitro, using a microfluidic system with adjustable biophysical and biochemical factors, to mimic the 3D in vivo vascular microenvironment. (selectbiosciences.com)
Combining this microfluidic platform with an automated image analysis algorithm, cancer cell morphological changes during the migration process were quantified and they were found to be microenvironment-dependent. (selectbiosciences.com)

The dynamic character of the environment influencing the electron transfer processes highlights phenomena such as pathway interference, conformational transfer gating, or the already mentioned transient resonances 20 in which the traditional picture of a static molecular structure must be replaced by a more dynamic one. (nature.com)

The overall goal of this proposal is to apply our diverse suite of genetic, molecular, and biophysical tools to gain mechanistic insights into normal sperm chromatin packaging, which is essential for genome fidelity and reproductive fitness of the species. (hhs.gov)

Compared to non-living systems, living organisms have more complex biochemical processes, which can be comprehended by studying the most important metabolic pathways and their control mechanisms. (lu.se)

Importantly, the patterns, magnitude and mechanisms of change have sometimes been unpredictable or difficult to isolate due to compounding factors. (usgs.gov)

On the other hand, his team can pinpoint what the EM fields are doing to the cancer cells: They observed "pronounced disruption" of the mitotic spindle , a bundle of fibers that help guide genetic material through the process of cell division (watch this video to see how it works). (microwavenews.com)
A combined cell-physiological and genetic approach to the calyx of Held synapse is used to explore the mechanisms underlying temporal acuity, reliability, and plasticity of information processing in the auditory brainstem. (uni-goettingen.de)

Dr. Berger has a twenty year history of studying the fundamental mechanisms of enzymes that control cell proliferation and small molecule inhibitors that target such systems. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
The detailed understanding of such processes is fundamental for their control and possible exploitation in future technological applications. (nature.com)
Understanding the mechanisms underlying the extravasation process is of fundamental importance in developing therapeutic targets for the prevention of metastasis [2],[3]. (selectbiosciences.com)
Further, a better understanding of the nucleation process is of fundamental importance to grow crystals of desired dimensions. (lu.se)

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) modulate many physiological processes by transducing a variety of extracellular cues into intracellular responses. (nih.gov)

Any problems in this process can lead to miscarriage, developmental problems, and even health problems in later life. (royalsociety.org.nz)
Ultimately, this will provide new ways to develop markers of risk by providing an interpretation of how potential markers can affect developmental processes and to allow us to better assess how subtle differences in function can lead to different outcomes in terms of child and maternal health. (royalsociety.org.nz)
This FOA will utilize the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) mechanism and runs in parallel with a FOA of similar scientific scope, PAR-10-222 that encourages applications under the NIH Exploratory/Developmental (R21) grant mechanism. (nih.gov)
The mechanisms of developmental bioelectricity - the ability of all cells to form electrical networks that process information - suggests a plausible set of gradual evolutionary steps that naturally lead from physiological homeostasis in single cells to memory, prediction, and ultimately complex cognitive agents, via scale-up of the drive of infotaxis. (philpapers.org)

The Goodell Lab focuses on the basic mechanisms that regulate hematopoietic stem (HSC) cells, and how their mis-regulation leads to leukemia development. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)
Here, we provide an alternative explanation for this correlation: common thalamic circuits regulate sensory processing across sleep and attention, and their disruption may lead to correlated dysfunction. (frontiersin.org)
As such, we propose that common thalamic circuit principles regulate sensory processing in a state-invariant manner and that in certain disorders, targeting these circuits may be a more viable therapeutic strategy than considering individual states in isolation. (frontiersin.org)

Using a combination of biophysical methods as well as cell and ovary culture experiments we explain how TAp63α is kept inactive in the absence of DNA damage but causes rapid oocyte elimination in response to a few DNA double strand breaks thereby acting as the key quality control factor in maternal reproduction. (elifesciences.org)
In this project we will use a combined approach using computer-based methods including virtual screening of molecular databases and biochemical/biophysical techniques as well as X-ray crystallography to develop cofactor-specific inhibitors. (uni-wuerzburg.de)

Dynein function is essential in higher eukaryotes, yet its basic mechanisms of action including coupling to cargo and cellular regulation remain to be determined. (nih.gov)

The two mechanisms described above appear at stages of denervation where tonic DA levels and tonic receptor occupancy appear normal. (jneurosci.org)
Furthermore, increasing biophysical evidence, primarily using the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) as a model system, supports the existence of multiple active and inactive conformational states. (nih.gov)

The Reinberg lab studies the processes shaping chromatin structure and the transcriptional outcome establishing cellular identity. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)

However, it is now well recognized that both β -arrestins can also act as direct modulators of numerous cellular processes via either GPCR-dependent or -independent mechanisms. (aspetjournals.org)
The AAA ATPase p97 is an essential protein involved in numerous cellular processes and plays a key role in multiple aspects of protein homeostasis. (uni-wuerzburg.de)

Fun(gi)omics: Advanced and Diverse Technologies to Explore Emerging Fungal Pathogens and Define Mechanisms of Antifungal Resistance. (cdc.gov)

Indeed, mechanisms that involve large fluctuations of the membrane structure, such as transient pores and the insertion of charged amino acid side-chains, may be common and perhaps central to the functions of many membrane protein functions. (wikipedia.org)
For example, using the 18-glycolsyl hydrolase protein Chi3L1 as a prototype, we were able to show that a single gene product can simultaneously suppress or promote injury and fibrosis depending on its temporospatial expression in the disease process. (yale.edu)
Molecular chaperones play a key role in cellular processes, including protein homeostasis, but also in membrane protein transport and biogenesis. (unibas.ch)
The protein then switches to an active form when DNA damage is detected to trigger the process of cell self-destruction. (elifesciences.org)

RNAi (RNA interference) is a natural cellular process of gene silencing that represents one of the most promising and rapidly advancing frontiers in biology and drug development today. (mpg.de)

1 m) were taken up through a mechanism dependent on cytoskeletal reorganization and membrane remodeling with the morphological hallmarks of phagocytosis. (ugent.be)

By developing a unified, multi-scale model of somitogenesis -- a process that establishes the earliest evident segmentation in vertebrate embryos -- both a case study for other scientists creating similar predictive, informative multi-scale models of development and important insights into the vertebrate body plan and its evolution have been achieved, according to Biocomplexity Institute Director James Glazier. (phys.org)

The proposed mechanism also illustrates the importance of membrane fluctuations. (wikipedia.org)
The local field potential (LFP), comprised of low-frequency extra-cellular voltage fluctuations, has been used extensively to study the mechanisms of brain function. (frontiersin.org)
In this process, the fluctuations of the molecular structure lead to change in the energies of the electronic states, bringing them transiently into resonance. (nature.com)

In endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF), the underlying process produces patchy fibrosis of the endocardial surface of the heart, leading to reduced compliance and, ultimately, restrictive physiology as the endomyocardial surface becomes more generally involved. (medscape.com)
the underlying mechanisms of myocardial fibrosis in this specific entity remain unclear. (medscape.com)

Surprisingly, the molecular mechanism that generates somites makes quite a few mistakes," Glazier said. (phys.org)
Surprisingly little is known about the underlying biophysical processes generating this signal. (frontiersin.org)
Surprisingly little is known, however, about the mechanisms generating the LFP signal and its relationship to local cortical circuits. (frontiersin.org)
Surprisingly, most of the systems and technology to carry out this process exist in a basic form and have been successfully employed to survey the extremely varied DNA virus population of the oceans. (cdc.gov)

The early stages of pregnancy are a critical time, as the developing fetus establishes mechanisms to exchange nutrients and waste with its mother. (royalsociety.org.nz)

Extravasation of cancer cells from the blood vessel, which involves the trans-endothelial migration and tissue invasion, remains a less well understood process in cancer metastasis [1]. (selectbiosciences.com)

For example, high-resolution images are often helpful to diagnose disease and to understand the mechanisms that lead to ill health, but the most advanced imaging technologies (like CT) are not always considered safe in pregnancy. (royalsociety.org.nz)
Our hope is that through our work, we will not only provide insight into the processes underlying disease, but also provide new therapeutic strategies which can be used in a clinical setting to ultimately improve patient outcomes. (upenn.edu)

This mechanism involves strong interactions between cell-penetrating peptides and the phosphate groups on both sides of the lipid bilayer, the insertion of positively charged arginine side-chains that nucleate the formation of a transient pore, followed by the translocation of cell-penetrating peptides by diffusing on the pore surface. (wikipedia.org)
This transient near-degeneracy enables coherent charge transfer with signatures similar to tunneling, possibly accelerating biophysical reactions. (nature.com)

Excessive proliferation of keratinocytes, abnormalities in the differentiation process, and continuous shedding of the thickened epidermis are characteristics of psoriasis (Figures 1 (a) and 1 (b)) [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)

This mechanism explains how key ingredients, such as the cooperation among the peptides, the large positive charge, and specifically the guanidinium groups, contribute to the uptake. (wikipedia.org)

The department consists of 21 full-time research-active faculty and 6 full-time teaching faculty, and we are in the process of expanding. (auburn.edu)
Peripheral sensory research combines cell-physiological and biophysical approaches with molecular strategies for the investigation of cellular signaling complexes in the sensory cells of ear, eye, and nose. (uni-goettingen.de)
Our research group seeks to understand the biophysical and molecular processes of neurotransmitter receptors during normal and pathological conditions. (rgcb.res.in)
The research objective is to achieve an improved understanding of processes regulating ecosystem scale carbon exchange. (lu.se)

In particular, cancer cells were observed to exhibit invadopodia-like protrusions during the invasion process and the presence of endothelial cells forming the vessel lumen was found to sustain the cancer cell invasion into the matrix. (selectbiosciences.com)
Germ cells - from which egg cells and sperm cells develop - are particularly vulnerable as they contain sensitive quality control mechanisms that kill any cell that contain damaged DNA. (elifesciences.org)
have performed a range of biochemical, biophysical and cell culture experiments to study how p63 is kept in its inactive form in the oocytes of mice. (elifesciences.org)

The goal is to understand mechanisms of drug resistance and cross-reactivity and to guide the discovery and development of new compounds with improved therapeutic potential. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
The growth of Phycomyces Blakesleeanus has been reported in the literature as a means to understand the mechanisms of plant growth. (aps.org)

By combining specialized hypotheses for specific subcomponent mechanisms of somitogenesis, the researchers were able to create a model robust and flexible enough to describe the process in animals as different in size, shape and gestation time as chickens, garden snakes, mice and zebrafish. (phys.org)
Hypotheses include infectious, inflammatory, and nutritional processes. (medscape.com)

Despite the tremendous progress that has been made in the therapeutic use of Tan IIA, the molecular mechanism(s) involved in the treatment of psoriasis remain(s) unresolved. (hindawi.com)

This revealed that dendrites fired spikes while other parts of the neuron did not, meaning that the spikes were the result of local processing within the dendrites. (medindia.net)
This motility is involved in basic cellular processes such as organelle trafficking, and in more specialized functions such as the transport of vesicles along the extended axonal processes of the neuron. (nih.gov)

Work from their group is revealing important information about the mechanisms of origin processing, primer synthesis, and macromolecular assembly that occur during replisome construction. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

No real consensus explains the translocation mechanism, but candidates can be classified into three mechanisms: direct penetration in the membrane, endocytosis-mediated entry, and translocation through a transitory structure. (wikipedia.org)

The mechanisms described here may also provide an explanation to currently inexplicable pathological phenomena such as psycho stimulant-induced contraversive rotations in animal models. (jneurosci.org)

Most of the experimental studies of the intramolecular charge transfer processes so far have been carried out using time-resolved optical spectroscopies on large molecular ensembles. (nature.com)
Studies with β -arrestin mutant mice have identified numerous physiologic and pathophysiological processes regulated by β -arrestin-1 and/or -2. (aspetjournals.org)
These studies will inform the strategic targeting strategies of discovery projects, aiming for optimal mechanisms of action (MoAs). (novartis.com)

Finally, in very recent work, we have collaborated with investigators in Yale's School of Immunobiology to describe a new innate immune process by which the inflammation associated hormone GDF15 (also called macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1) controls systemic inflammation and tissue responses via central regulation of peripheral tolerance in multiple organs. (yale.edu)

Schematic representation of a process for systematic discovery of human viruses. (cdc.gov)

For information on the collection and processing of data by Facebook, refer to the social network's data privacy statement. (uni-wuerzburg.de)

Exploration of the Neisseria Resistome Reveals Resistance Mechanisms in Commensals That May Be Acquired by N. gonorrhoeae through Horizontal Gene Transfer. (cdc.gov)

Although CPPs promote direct effects on the biophysical properties of pure membrane systems, the identification of fixation artifacts when using fluorescent labeled probe CPPs caused a reevaluation of CPP-import mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
New extreme and seasonal surface climatic conditions are being experienced, a range of biophysical states and processes influenced by the threshold and phase change of freezing point are being altered, hydrological and biogeochemical cycles are shifting, and more regularly human sub-systems are being affected. (usgs.gov)
and modeling coupled human-natural systems, pattern-process relationships, and population-environment interactions in multiple settings and contexts. (unc.edu)
Of particular interest to Walsh are new developments in complexity theory and Agent-Based Models (a type of micro-simulation), Dynamic Systems Models, and Integrated Assessment Models that make it possible to specify and explore feedbacks in population-environment relationships through process understanding. (unc.edu)

Gitxaała participated extensively in the consultative process. (ubc.ca)

Our results show that the biophysical properties of aggregates determine both their mechanism of internalization and proteostatic response. (ugent.be)

Organisms2

Phenomena and Processes1

Disciplines and Occupations2

Humanities3

Molecular mechanisms8

Characterization4

Proteins8

Chemistry2

Elucidate4

Neurons8

Dendritic1

Dissect1

Ecological1

Aggregation1

Structural3

Behavior1

Assays1

Biological5

Computational4

Poorly understood1

Microfluidic3

Pathway1

Mechanistic1

Biochemical Processes1

Difficult to isolate1

Genetic2

Fundamental4

Physiological processes1

Developmental4

Regulate3

Methods2

Basic mechanisms1

Receptor2

Chromatin1

Numerous cellular processes2

Pathogens1

Protein4

Frontiers1

Reorganization1

Insights1

Fluctuations3

Fibrosis2

Surprisingly4

Establishes1

Understood process1

Disease2

Transient2

Differentiation1

Uptake1

Research4

Cell3

Understand2

Hypotheses2

Therapeutic1

Neuron2

Synthesis1

Penetration1

Phenomena1

Studies3

Responses1

Representation1

Social1

Resistance1

Systems4

Extensively1

Properties1