Mechanism antibody diversity. Medical search. Frequent questions

The following product was used in this experiment: CD31 (PECAM-1) Monoclonal Antibody (WM-59 (WM59)), Functional Grade, eBioscience™ from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # 16-0319-82, RRID AB_468934. (thermofisher.com)
Description: The WM59 monoclonal antibody reacts with human CD31, also known as platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) and gpIIa. (thermofisher.com)
The following product was used in this experiment: ZO-1 Monoclonal Antibody (ZO1-1A12) from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # 33-9100, RRID AB_2533147. (thermofisher.com)
Western blot was performed using Anti-ZO-1 Monoclonal Antibody (ZO1-1A12) (Product # 33-9100) and a 225 kDa band corresponding to ZO-1 was observed across along with uncharacterized band. (thermofisher.com)
Such assays are hard to standardise and would be benefitted by availability of human monoclonal antibody reagents. (lshtm.ac.uk)
The monoclonal antibody was purified from tissue culture supernatant or ascites by affinity chromatography. (bdbiosciences.com)
The 10/78 monoclonal antibody recognizes the rat CD161 proteins, CD161a (also known as, Klrb1a, or Nkrp1a/NKR-P1A), and CD161b (Klrb1b, Nkrp1b/NKR-P1B). (bdbiosciences.com)
Monoclonal antibody to a triggering structure expressed on rat natural killer cells and adherent lymphokine-activated killer cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
We developed a monoclonal antibody (5D2) to FTC and demonstrated its high specificity and physiologically relevant linear range of detection in a competitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA). (cdc.gov)
Thus, this monoclonal antibody is a key reagent that will enable simple and low-cost lateral flow assays and EIAs for adherence monitoring. (cdc.gov)

By showing that different Rab proteins are activated by different mechanisms, and that a single Rab protein can be activated by more than one mechanism, the work of Langemeyer et al. (elifesciences.org)
The presence of auto-antibodies that target synaptic machinery proteins was documented recently in immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias. (springer.com)
Among these diverse features, it should be acknowledged that auto-antibodies toward glutamate receptors, GABA receptors, and K + channel-related proteins are preferentially found in autoimmune limbic encephalitis but not in IMCAs [ 10 ] (Table 1 ). (springer.com)
Antibodies are heavy (~150 k Da ) proteins of about 10 nm in size, [7] arranged in three globular regions that roughly form a Y shape. (wikipedia.org)
Antibodies (also known as immunoglobulins [1] ) are proteins that are found in blood or other bodily fluids of vertebrates , and are used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects, such as bacteria and viruses . (wikidoc.org)
To see the synapses, the researchers used antibodies to various synaptic proteins, followed by a fluorescent dye. (spectrumnews.org)
Each person's adaptive immune system encodes a set of recognition proteins, known as antibodies and T cell receptors, that enable personalized immune recognition and memory. (gatech.edu)
I am currently involved in the production of monoclonal antibodies to various proteins of interest in the research of the Biology faculty. (tamu.edu)
The 10/78 antibody competes with the previously-described 3.2.3 antibody for binding to these CD161 proteins. (bdbiosciences.com)

To allow the immune system to recognize millions of different antigens, the antigen-binding sites at both tips of the antibody come in an equally wide variety. (wikipedia.org)
[3] This huge diversity of antibodies allows the immune system to recognize an equally wide diversity of antigens. (wikidoc.org)
The size of the plasma pool ensures the vast diversity of IgG repertoire in IVIG that interacts with a large number of self-antigens, in addition to pathogens and external antigens [2]. (academie-medecine.fr)
Historical perspective of the study of immunology, antigens/antibodies, side chain hypothesis, clonal selection hypothesis, antibody structure & function, generation of antibody diversity via VDJ recombination, and tolerance. (ibiology.org)
These proposed that antigens acted as templates for the formation of antibodies. (oxsci.org)
Potential construct designs representing a greater spectrum of sequence diversity than that of previously designed polyvalent hybrid antigens were generated. (lshtm.ac.uk)
The diversity of disorders involving the GI tract speaks to the differing forms of immune regulation along the length of the intestine, and the varying nature of the challenge (ie, food antigens in the small bowel and commensal flora in the colon). (medscape.com)

The antibody recognizes a unique molecule of the pathogen, called an antigen . (wikipedia.org)
[2] [3] Each tip of the "Y" of an antibody contains a paratope (analogous to a lock) that is specific for one particular epitope (analogous to a key) on an antigen, allowing these two structures to bind together with precision. (wikipedia.org)
The class hence determines the function triggered by an antibody after binding to an antigen, in addition to some structural features. (wikipedia.org)
After an antigen binds to a BCR, the B cell activates to proliferate and differentiate into either plasma cells , which secrete soluble antibodies with the same paratope, or memory B cells , which survive in the body to enable long-lasting immunity to the antigen. (wikipedia.org)
Structurally an antibody is also partitioned into two antigen-binding fragments (Fab), containing one V L , V H , C L , and C H 1 domain each, as well as the crystallisable fragment (Fc), forming the trunk of the Y shape. (wikipedia.org)
Antiviral activities of antibodies may either be dependent only on interactions between the antibody and cognate antigen, as in binding and neutralization of an infectious virion, or instead may require interactions between antibody-antigen immune complexes and immunoproteins or Fc receptor expressing immune effector cells. (frontiersin.org)
The Fc receptor-dependent function of antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) provides mechanisms for clearance of virus and virus-infected cells, as well as for stimulation of downstream adaptive immune responses by facilitating antigen presentation, or by stimulating the secretion of inflammatory mediators. (frontiersin.org)
Fc receptor-dependent antibody functions are also involved in activation of downstream adaptive immune responses by facilitating antigen presentation or by stimulating the secretion of inflammatory mediators ( 12 , 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
The unique part of the antigen recognized by an antibody is called an epitope . (wikidoc.org)
These epitopes bind with their antibody in a highly specific interaction, called induced fit , that allows antibodies to identify and bind only their unique antigen in the midst of the millions of different molecules that make up an organism . (wikidoc.org)
Recognition of an antigen by an antibody tags it for attack by other parts of the immune system. (wikidoc.org)
The large and diverse population of antibodies is generated by random combinations of a set of gene segments that encode different antigen binding sites (or paratopes ), followed by random mutations in this area of the antibody gene, which create further diversity. (wikidoc.org)
[2] [5] Antibody genes also re-organize in a process called class switching that changes the base of the heavy chain to another, creating a different isotype of the antibody that retains the antigen specific variable region. (wikidoc.org)
[7] Activated B cells differentiate into either antibody generating factories called plasma cells that secrete soluble antibody, or into memory cells that survive in the body for years afterwards to allow the immune system to remember an antigen and respond faster upon future exposures. (wikidoc.org)
The mechanism by which vaccine adjuvants enhance immune responses has historically been considered to be the creation of an antigen depot. (mdpi.com)
In 1897, Paul Ehrlich proposed that cells had multiple receptors called 'side chains', which were able to bind with whichever antigen came along, but it wasn't until 1955 when Niels Jerne proposed that all antibody specificities already exist in the body that 'selection' theories developed. (oxsci.org)
Gus Nossal and Joshua Lederberg provided the experimental evidence for the theory by applying more than one antigen to rat cells to find that only one antibody was detectable in the culture medium. (oxsci.org)
This Antibody was verified by Knockdown to ensure that the antibody binds to the antigen stated. (thermofisher.com)
Assays of mechanisms of antibody mediated inhibition of parasite growth are needed to identify which antigen sequences are functional targets of immunity. (lshtm.ac.uk)
HIV infection can be diagnosed by antibody, nucleic acid (HIV RNA), or antigen (p24) testing. (msdmanuals.com)

von Behring E, Kitasato S. [The mechanism of diphtheria immunity and tetanus immunity in animals. (smw.ch)
Because these fluids were traditionally known as humors , antibody-mediated immunity is sometimes known as, or considered a part of, humoral immunity . (wikipedia.org)
We propose that additional investigation into the role of ADCP in protective viral responses, the specific virus epitopes targeted by ADCP antibodies, and the types of phagocytes and Fc receptors involved in ADCP at sites of virus infection will provide insight into strategies to successfully leverage this important immune response for improved antiviral immunity through rational vaccine design. (frontiersin.org)
In its four forms, provides the majority of antibody-based immunity against invading pathogens. (wikidoc.org)
[6] The only antibody capable of crossing the placenta to give passive immunity to fetus. (wikidoc.org)
These findings provide insights into the mechanisms and longevity of vaccine-induced immunity that will help inform the future development of highly efficacious and long-lasting malaria vaccines. (biomedcentral.com)
Recent progress in our group has established a suite of high-throughput single-cell platforms to comprehensively analyze the antibodies and T cell receptors generated by human immunity, and to explore each person's unique functional immune landscape. (gatech.edu)
Dysfunction of the regulatory mechanisms maintaining this balance between active immunity and tolerance in the gut may lead to mucosal inflammation and damage and GI diseases. (medscape.com)

Ablexis' AlivaMab® Mouse platform is used by the majority of the world's leading pharmaceutical companies as the platform of choice for the rapid and efficient generation of diverse panels of antibodies with inherent qualities needed for antibody drugs, including affinity, potency, specificity and developability. (pharmiweb.com)
These Fc receptor-dependent antibody functions provide a direct link between the innate and adaptive immune systems by combining the potent antiviral activity of innate effector cells with the diversity and specificity of the adaptive humoral response. (frontiersin.org)
Vaccine-induced antibodies were characterized by isotype, subclass, and epitope specificity, and tested for the ability to fix and activate complement. (biomedcentral.com)
In his paper "A Modification of Jerne's Theory of Antibody Production using the Concept of Clonal Selection", in the Australian Journal of Science, Dr Frank Macfarlane Burnet proposed that a large number of cells that can release antibodies already exist in the body and these cells are genetically designed to produce a unique antibody specificity. (oxsci.org)
Lymphocytes confer the attributes of specificity, diversity, memory, self/nonself recognition to the immune system. (tamu.edu)

In addition to charting antibody gene interactions, associations between essential genes crucial for B cell development were also identified. (seqanswers.com)
The constant region at the trunk of the antibody includes sites involved in interactions with other components of the immune system. (wikipedia.org)
The antibody MEM-31 recognizes a conformationally-dependent extracellular epitope of CD8, a cell surface glycoprotein found on most cytotoxic T lymphocytes that mediates efficient cell-cell interactions within the immune system. (exbio.cz)
Recent studies identified antibody-complement interactions as a potentially important immune mechanism against sporozoites. (biomedcentral.com)
Our efforts are revealing new biophysical mechanisms of antibody:target interactions and accelerating progress toward personalized T cell receptor therapies. (gatech.edu)

This organization permits genes, even those located distantly, to coalesce during antibody formation, leading to a robust defense mechanism. (seqanswers.com)
One way the cell achieves this is cutting and pasting from a suite of options for the antibody genes, but the puzzling thing is genes that are far away from the location of this event are used just as often as ones close by, so there must be some way of bringing everything together and making sure that everything needed is at hand. (seqanswers.com)
Dr. Corcoran further added, "We found that the antibody genes were in close proximity to a small proportion of other genes on different chromosomes. (seqanswers.com)
As we grow older, the spectrum of antibodies produced narrows due to B cells opting for a limited gene pool, especially sidelining the distant genes. (seqanswers.com)
Changes in DNA folding might render certain genes inaccessible, hence not chosen for antibody formation. (seqanswers.com)
Functional antibody genes are assembled by V-D- J joining and then diversified by somatic hypermutation. (nih.gov)

Combining this platform with our decades of experience in antibody discovery and developing transgenic mice, AbTherx is uniquely positioned to deliver the next generation of antibody therapeutics,' said Justin Mika, Chief Executive Officer of AbTherx. (bignewsnetwork.com)
NHEJ has exemplary key roles in networks determining the development, outcome of cancer treatments by DSB-inducing agents, generation of antibody and T-cell receptor diversity, and innate immune response for RNA viruses. (escholarship.org)
This session showcases the generation of antibody diversity (via V, D, J recombination), and the mechanisms that ensure the proper function of B cells (pre-BCR signaling and tolerance). (ibiology.org)

We have observed excellent combinatorial and somatic diversity in this panel of antibodies selected for activities consistent with possible therapeutic mechanisms of action. (pharmiweb.com)
Molecular mechanisms of antibody somatic hypermutation. (nih.gov)

An isotype control should be used at the same concentration as the antibody of interest. (bdbiosciences.com)

We believe the key to anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic development is to rapidly screen and recover functionally diverse antibodies from an in vivo model", said Eric Hobbs, Ph.D., Chief Executive Officer of Berkeley Lights. (pharmiweb.com)
Using the assays described above to screen for binding and function, the Beacon system efficiently recovered the naturally evolved fully human VH and VL sequences, and therein connects antibody function to variable region sequence for the development of therapeutic treatments. (pharmiweb.com)
Ablexis, LLC created and commercializes the AlivaMab Mouse technology, a unique, patented next generation transgenic mouse platform for human therapeutic antibody discovery. (pharmiweb.com)
AlivaMab Discovery Services was founded by a team with proven success in the development and use of transgenic animals in the discovery of human therapeutic antibodies. (pharmiweb.com)
The ADS team applies its decades of combined experience in therapeutic antibody discovery and development to each client project to provide human therapeutic antibody discovery services customized for target type, antibody design goals, and needs of the client. (pharmiweb.com)
AbTherx, Inc. was founded in 2023 and is advancing medicine with novel technologies that accelerate and enable therapeutic antibody discovery. (bignewsnetwork.com)
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a therapeutic preparation of polyspecific antibodies isolated from pools of plasma obtained from several thousand healthy blood donors [1]. (academie-medecine.fr)
AbCheck discovers and optimizes human therapeutic antibodies with one of the industry's most versatile technology platforms. (abcheckantibodies.com)

and Neisseria gonorrhoeae) to generate surface protein diversity, and by B lymphocytes of the vertebrate immune system to generate antibody diversity. (nih.gov)
Les IgIV intéragissent avec de nombreux composants du système immunitaire comme les récepteurs Fc, le complément, les cytokines, les lymphocytes T et B, les cellules dendritiques, les granulocytes et les cellules NK, ce qui explique en partie leurs effets anti-inflammatoires. (academie-medecine.fr)
Lymphocytes can be divided into two cell types: B cells which are responsible for antibody production and T cells which elaborate cytokines. (tamu.edu)

The clonal selection theory for the formation of antibodies is considered the most important discovery in immunology in the last 100 years. (oxsci.org)
Before the clonal selection model, effort to understand why a large repertoire of antibody specificities exists focused on 'instruction' theories. (oxsci.org)

The germ-line theory was a proposed explanation for immunoglobulin diversity that proposed that each antibody was encoded in a separate germline gene. (wikipedia.org)
An antibody ( Ab ), also known as an immunoglobulin ( Ig ), [1] is a large, Y-shaped protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses . (wikipedia.org)
Antibodies are glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily . (wikipedia.org)
The terms antibody and immunoglobulin are often used interchangeably, [1] though the term 'antibody' is sometimes reserved for the secreted, soluble form, i.e. excluding B-cell receptors. (wikipedia.org)
In cases of slightly low immunoglobulin (IgG) where antibody production is intact, watchful waiting is encouraged. (medscape.com)
Some individuals will have low immunoglobulin without disruption of ability to produce antibody, and require no intervention. (medscape.com)
1) Antibody deficiency disorders are defects in immunoglobulin-producing B cells . (lu.se)
Antibody deficiencies are treated with intravenous immunoglobulin substitution therapy. (lu.se)

Researchers at the Babraham Institute have now elucidated a process where varying gene combinations converge in close physical proximity, leading to the creation of distinct antibodies in each B cell. (seqanswers.com)
Although the experimental evidence mentioned above linked the TK gene with virulence, its overall specific mechanism of action remains elusive. (biomedcentral.com)

Corti D, Lanzavecchia A. Broadly neutralizing antiviral antibodies. (smw.ch)
BACKGROUND: Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that combinations of broadly neutralising antibodies (bnAbs) targeting different HIV envelope epitopes might be required for sufficient prevention of infection. (bvsalud.org)

Analysis of 113 fecal samples of patients with metastatic melanoma found that those who responded to a PD1 checkpoint inhibitor had a greater diversity of gut bacteria and larger volumes of a specific type of bacteria than those who did not respond. (mdanderson.org)
Wargo and colleagues are conducting preclinical research to better understand the mechanisms that connect bacteria and the immune system. (mdanderson.org)
A greater diversity of types of bacteria in the responders' microbiomes. (mdanderson.org)
Increased abundance of Bacteriodales in non-responders and a much lower diversity of bacteria. (mdanderson.org)
The tremendous molecular diversity of the human adaptive immune system allows for highly specific protection against diseases, including against major public health threats such as infectious bacteria, viruses, and cancers. (gatech.edu)
Patients with antibody deficiencies are especially susceptible to encapsulated bacteria, which cause pyogenic infections. (lu.se)

This mystery of how B cells produce an extensive array of antibodies to fend off various pathogens has long puzzled immunologists. (seqanswers.com)
Fc receptor-dependent antibody functions are important components of the immune response that provide mechanisms for clearance of infected host cells, immune complexes, or opsonized pathogens. (frontiersin.org)
[8] Antibodies are, therefore, an essential component of the adaptive immune system that learns, adapts and remembers responses to invading pathogens. (wikidoc.org)
he immune system is a defense mechanism that has evolved in vertebrates to protect them from invading pathogens and cancer. (tamu.edu)

DNA replication, repair and recombination (Unit of replication, enzymes involved, replication origin and replication fork, fidelity of replication, extra chromosomal replicons, DNA damage and repair mechanisms, homologous and site-specific recombination). (aadharinstitute.com)

Auto-antibodies induced neurological diseases show various clinical phenotypes (see details in Table 1 ). (springer.com)
The influences of these B-cell mechanisms on other cell types, including myeloid cells and T cells, are reviewed in relationship to antibody-mediated CNS disorders, paraneoplastic neurological diseases, and multiple sclerosis. (ox.ac.uk)

Initially, all antibodies are of the first form, attached to the surface of a B cell - these are then referred to as B-cell receptors (BCR). (wikipedia.org)
In this review, we discuss the properties of Fc receptors, antibodies, and effector cells that influence ADCP. (frontiersin.org)

Based on multiplex screening assays performed on the Beacon® platform, these SARS-CoV-2 S1 antibodies may be binned into subsets based on their binding to the receptor binding domain (S1 B ) of SARS-CoV2, blocking of S1 B binding to the ACE2 receptor, and cross-reactivity with the S1 spike protein of the SARS-CoV virus. (pharmiweb.com)

Together with B and T cells , antibodies comprise the most important part of the adaptive immune system . (wikipedia.org)
Antibodies are a key component of the human adaptive immune system, and the elicitation of antibodies has been correlated with vaccine efficacy in many diseases ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
These efforts are advancing new approaches in biologic drug discovery, and for the cataloguing the vast genetic and functional diversity of adaptive immune cells in multiple disease settings. (gatech.edu)
Adaptive immune mechanisms recognize and neutralize foreign molecules or microorganisms in a specific manner. (lu.se)

AlivaMab Discovery Services immunized AlivaMab Mouse by expressing native trimeric SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in vivo using its propriety AMMPD-DNA technology, a process validated for rapidly eliciting strong IgG titers, and molecularly diverse, high affinity (very low picomolar) antibodies. (pharmiweb.com)
Recruiting triggered TCR complexes to these membrane microdomains as well as affinity of TCR to MHC I is modulated by CD8, thereby affecting the functional diversity of the TCR signaling. (exbio.cz)

Ras superfamily GTPase activation and inactivation occur by canonical nucleotide exchange and GTP hydrolysis mechanisms. (elifesciences.org)
Antibodies occur in two forms: a soluble form secreted into the blood and tissue fluids, and a membrane-bound form attached to the surface of a B cell that is called the B cell receptor (BCR). (wikidoc.org)

X-ray scattering reveals disordered linkers and dynamic interfaces in complexes and mechanisms for DNA double-strand break repair impacting cell and cancer biology. (escholarship.org)

In this review we use influenza vaccine as a model in a discussion of the different mechanisms of action of the available adjuvants. (smw.ch)
The observed diversity includes activities consistent with different mechanisms of action hypothesized for highly efficacious antibody therapy and prophylaxis of infection by SARS-CoV-2. (pharmiweb.com)

SAN DIEGO and EMERYVILLE, Calif., April 22, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- Ablexis, LLC , AlivaMab Discovery Services, LLC ("ADS") and Berkeley Lights, Inc. today announced the rapid generation and recovery of sequences encoding a rich panel of human antibodies against the S1 spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. (pharmiweb.com)
Purified antibody is conjugated with activated Peridinin-Chlorophyll Protein (PerCP) under optimum conditions and unconjugated antibody and free fluorochrome are removed by size-exclusion chromatography. (exbio.cz)
Although the general structure of all antibodies is very similar, a small region at the tip of the protein is extremely variable, allowing millions of antibodies with slightly different tip structures to exist. (wikidoc.org)
Membrane structure and function: Structure of model membrane, Lipid bilayer and membrane protein, diffusion, osmosis, ion channels, Active transport membrane pumps, mechanism of solving and regulations of intracellular transport, Electrical properties of membrane. (aadharinstitute.com)

The licensed technologies enable the development of a clinically validated bispecific antibody format most similar to native antibodies, use natural mechanisms to generate long CDR3 antibodies to improve the chance of success against challenging drug targets such as GPCRs and ion channels, and increase access to transgenic mice expressing full human antibody diversity. (bignewsnetwork.com)
AbTherx's Atlas™ Mouse platform enables the development of a clinically validated bispecific antibody format most similar to native antibodies and uses natural mechanisms to generate long CDR3 antibodies to improve the chance of success against challenging drug targets such as GPCRs and ion channels. (bignewsnetwork.com)
This review is centered on the mechanisms of how the MMR pathway is commandeered by B cells to generate antibody diversity. (johnshopkins.edu)

GAD65 is involved in the synthesis, packaging, and release of GABA, whereas the other three play important roles in the induction of long-term depression (LTD). Thus, the auto-antibodies toward these synaptic molecules likely impair fundamental synaptic machineries involved in unique functions of the cerebellum, potentially leading to the development of cerebellar ataxias (CAs). (springer.com)
Notably, the mechanisms that link synaptic dysfunction with the manifestations of CAs can be explained by disruption of the "internal models. (springer.com)
Second, these antibodies impair the induction of synaptic plasticity, rebound potentiation, and LTD, on Purkinje cells, resulting in loss of restoration and compensation of the distorted "internal models. (springer.com)
In autoimmune limbic encephalitis, it is assumed that these auto-antibodies diffusely interfere with basal synaptic transmission or neural excitability and weaken overall functions of the temporal lobe [ 18 ]. (springer.com)

and monoclonal recombinant antibodies are also currently being pursued for prevention of HIV-1 infection in large Phase IIb clinical trials (NTC02716675 and NCT02568215). (frontiersin.org)
Antibodies can also neutralize targets directly by, for example, binding to a part of a pathogen that it needs to cause an infection. (wikidoc.org)
Developing the molecular epidemiological characterisation of CyHV-2 is an important basis for research on the infection mechanism, and for prevention and control of the virus. (biomedcentral.com)

however, it is unclear how these antibodies function, and how functional antibodies are induced and maintained over time. (biomedcentral.com)
We additionally developed statistical methods to model the decay and determinants of functional antibodies after vaccination. (biomedcentral.com)
Older age and higher malaria exposure were significantly associated with a poorer induction of functional antibodies. (biomedcentral.com)
There was a marked decay in functional complement-fixing antibodies within months after vaccination, as well as decays in IgG subclasses and IgM. (biomedcentral.com)
The negative influence of age and malaria exposure on functional antibodies has implications for understanding vaccine efficacy in different settings. (biomedcentral.com)

Regulation of CD8 beta level on T cell surface seems to be an important mechanism to control their effector function. (exbio.cz)

Using this binding mechanism, an antibody can tag a microbe or an infected cell for attack by other parts of the immune system, or can neutralize it directly (for example, by blocking a part of a virus that is essential for its invasion). (wikipedia.org)

Despite the fact that IVIG is used for more than two decades in the treatment of a number of autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, the underlying molecular mechanisms that account for its beneficial effect have not been completely elucidated. (academie-medecine.fr)
Our research is driven by the philosophy that in order to control physiological processes it is necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms that drive these processes. (stanford.edu)

The common clinical feature of symptomatic hypogammaglobulinemia is a predisposition toward infections that normally are defended against by antibody responses (including but not limited to Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae infections). (medscape.com)
No significant correlation between the overall repertoire diversity and clinical disease activity was observed for most SLE patients with only two of eleven SLE patients showing a decreasing trend in repertoire diversity approaching the flare time point. (biomedcentral.com)
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic autoimmune disorder with complex etiology, diversity of clinical manifestations, and an unpredictable disease course. (biomedcentral.com)
Antibody-based testing for emtricitabine (FTC), a critical component of pre-exposure prophylaxis and antiretroviral therapy would provide low-cost detection for clinical monitoring to improve adherence. (cdc.gov)

Conceived initially for antibody replacement therapy in patients with primary and secondary immunodeficiencies, IVIG is now used in several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. (academie-medecine.fr)
In autoantibody-mediated diseases, Fc-mediated mechanisms have been highlighted. (academie-medecine.fr)

Intriguingly, they observed that the organization of antibody DNA differs across cells. (seqanswers.com)
Applications Tested: The WM-59 (WM59) antibody has been tested by flow cytometric analysis of normal human peripheral blood cells. (thermofisher.com)
Anti-PD1 drugs use an antibody to block activation of PD1 by PD-L1, a ligand found on tumors and surrounding cells. (mdanderson.org)
The same mechanism works for T cells except in the thymus. (oxsci.org)
Plasma cells, antibodies and memory cells are created. (oxsci.org)
This complex network of cells and cell products have numerous mechanisms yet to be characterized. (tamu.edu)
Antibody production is severely impaired even when mature B cells are present, because of the lack of T-cell help. (medscape.com)
3) T cell deficiencies result usually in combined immunodeficiencies (CIDs), where both T cells and antibody production are defective. (lu.se)

Qualitative detection of total neutralizing antibodies to SARSCoV-2 in human serum and K2-EDTA plasma. (druganddevicedigest.com)
FcRn expressed in endosomal compartment of intestinal epithelium, vascular endothelium and macrophages regulates the serum IgG levels by binding to the pinocytosed antibodies and recirculating them to cell surface without intracellular degradation. (academie-medecine.fr)

Statistical modeling suggested the decay in complement-fixing antibodies was mostly attributed to the waning of anti-CSP IgG1, and to a lesser extent IgG3. (biomedcentral.com)

Dr. Anne Corcoran commented, "We wanted to understand the mechanisms behind antibody variety. (seqanswers.com)

The human immune system employs a multitude of antibodies to combat infections. (seqanswers.com)
The company was founded by a leadership team with over 100 years of combined experience in antibody discovery and platform development, including development of the HuMAb Mouse ® technology, the most successful human antibody discovery platform with 13 marketed therapeutics. (bignewsnetwork.com)
AbTherx is also increasing access to transgenic mice expressing full human antibody diversity. (bignewsnetwork.com)

First, since chained inhibitory neurons shape the output signals through the mechanism of disinhibition/inhibition, impairments of GABA release and LTD distort the conversion process from the "internal model" to the output signals. (springer.com)

Neuroinflammatory responses may be helpful or harmful, as mechanisms associated with neuroinflammation are involved in normal brain development, as well as in neuropathological processes. (ox.ac.uk)

The mechanism of AbSieve® will exclude misfolded antibodies and enables the selection of high quality stable molecules. (abcheckantibodies.com)

Indeed, these three mechanisms create the huge diversity c-Fms-IN-1 of the IG and TR repertoires (1012 antibodies and 1012 TR per individual). (brinda.info)

In this study, we utilized NGS to assess whether changes in T cell repertoire diversity in PB of SLE patients correlate with or predict changes in disease activity. (biomedcentral.com)
A significant decrease in T cell repertoire diversity was observed in PB of SLE patients compared to HC. (biomedcentral.com)
However, in most SLE patients, repertoire diversity did not change significantly with increases in disease activity to a flare. (biomedcentral.com)

Retroviruses are enveloped RNA viruses defined by their mechanism of replication via reverse transcription to produce DNA copies that integrate into the host cell's genome. (msdmanuals.com)

Five different antibody isotypes are known in mammals, which perform different roles, and help direct the appropriate immune response for each different type of foreign object they encounter. (wikidoc.org)

Antibodies from different classes also differ in where they are released in the body and at what stage of an immune response. (wikipedia.org)

Antibodies can exert their protective functions via a multitude of mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)

The agreement also provides Gilead with non-exclusive rights to future AbTherx-developed transgenic mouse technologies, which will add to Gilead's existing portfolio of antibody discovery technologies. (bignewsnetwork.com)

And before that, Susumu Tonegawa received the honor for discovering the genetic mechanism that produces antibody diversity. (foreignpolicy.com)
Genetic diversity and phylogeny have been reported based on genetic analysis of ORF5 sequences of PRRSVs prevailing in Korea (10-13). (researchsquare.com)
We determined the prevalence of surveillance drug resistance mutations (SDRMs) and HIV-1 genetic diversity in Bulgaria during 2012-2020 using polymerase sequences from 1053 of 2010 (52.4%) antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive individuals. (cdc.gov)
Genetic diversity was inferred using automated subtyping tools and phylogenetics. (cdc.gov)
Our study provides valuable information on the transmission dynamics of HIV drug resistance in the context of high genetic diversity in Bulgaria, for the development of enhanced prevention strategies to end the epidemic. (cdc.gov)

Melanoma patients' response to a major form of immunotherapy is associated with the diversity and makeup of trillions of potential allies and enemies found in the digestive tract, according to researchers at MD Anderson Cancer Center. (mdanderson.org)
Our findings point to two potential impacts from additional research - analyzing the diversity and composition of the microbiome to predict response to immunotherapy and modulating the gut microbiome to enhance treatment," said Wargo, co-leader of the Moon Shots Program's™ Melanoma Moon Shot™ and senior researcher on the project, which was presented at the ASCO-Society for Immunotherapy in Cancer meeting in Orlando. (mdanderson.org)

Anatomy1

Organisms1

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs29

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment3

Phenomena and Processes19

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Information Science4

Health Care1

Monoclonal antibody10

Proteins9

Antigens7

Antigen20

Immunity8

Specificity5

Interactions5

Genes6

Generation of antibody3

Somatic2

Isotype1

Therapeutic8

Lymphocytes3

Clonal selection2

Immunoglobulin8

Gene2

Broadly2

Bacteria6

Pathogens4

Recombination1

Neurological diseases2

Receptors2

Assays1

Adaptive4

Affinity2

Occur2

Complexes1

Different mechanisms2

Protein4

Generate3

Synaptic4

Infection3

Functional5

Effector function1

Neutralize1

Molecular mechanisms2

Clinical4

Diseases2

Cells8

Serum2

IgG11

Understand the mechanisms1

Human3

Inhibition1

Responses1

Molecules1

Huge diversity1

Repertoire3

Viruses1

Mammals1

Immune response1

Multitude1

Transgenic1

Genetic5

Immunotherapy2