• We therefore believed that an exami- lar risk [ 3 ] and increased risk of metabolic nation of waist circumference in a group complications [ 4 ]. (who.int)
  • Little is known about dietary patterns in Guatemalan adults and how dietary patterns are associated with cardio-metabolic disease (CMD) risk. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Obesity and metabolic syndrome (O&MS) due to the worldwide obesity epidemic affects children at all stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) including dialysis and after kidney transplantation. (springer.com)
  • In this CPR, we discuss the management of obesity and metabolic syndrome (O&MS) in children and adolescents with CKD stages 2-5 and on dialysis, as well as after kidney transplantation, focusing on non-pharmacological treatment (diet, physical activity and behavior modification). (springer.com)
  • Participants free of CVD/stroke and not underweight ( n = 3,743) were stratified by BMI categories and metabolic risk, defined as having two or more International Diabetes Federation metabolic syndrome criteria, excluding waist circumference. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Sustained metabolic health in obese participants was associated with age ≤40 years and lower waist circumference. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Jordan HT, Tabaei BP, Nash D, Angell SY, Chamany S, Kerker B. Metabolic syndrome among adults in New York City, 2004 New York City Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. (cdc.gov)
  • The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of and factors associated with metabolic syndrome among adult New York City residents. (cdc.gov)
  • We examined the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III revised guidelines, according to demographic subgroups and comorbid diagnoses in a probability sample of 1,263 participants. (cdc.gov)
  • More than half (55.4%) of women and 33.0% of men with metabolic syndrome had only 3 metabolic abnormalities, 1 of which was abdominal obesity. (cdc.gov)
  • The most common combination of metabolic abnormalities was abdominal obesity, elevated fasting blood glucose, and elevated blood pressure. (cdc.gov)
  • Metabolic syndrome is pervasive among New York City adults, particularly women, and is associated with modifiable factors. (cdc.gov)
  • However, even in the absence of the hyperglycaemic state which characterizes type 2 diabetic patients, non diabetic individuals with a specific form of obesity, named abdominal obesity, often show clustering metabolic abnormalities which include high triglyceride levels, increased apolipoprotein B, small dense low density lipoproteins and decreased high density lipoproteins-cholesterol levels, a hyperinsulinemic-insulin resistant state, alterations in coagulation factors as well as an inflammatory profile. (researchgate.net)
  • This agglomeration of abnormalities has been referred to as the metabolic syndrome which can be identified by the presence of three of the five following variables: abdominal obesity, elevated triglyceride concentrations, low HDL-cholesterol levels, increased blood pressure and elevated fasting glucose. (researchgate.net)
  • Metabolic syndrome linked to abdominal obesity is also predictive of recurrent coronary events both in post-myocardial infarction patients and among coronary artery disease men who underwent a revascularization procedures. (researchgate.net)
  • It is suggested that until the epidemic progression of obesity is stopped and obesity prevented or at least properly managed, cardiologists will be confronted to an evolving contribution of risk factors where smoking, hypercholesterolemia and hypertension may be relatively less prevalent but at the expense of a much greater contribution of abdominal obesity and related features of the metabolic syndrome. (researchgate.net)
  • Objective: To determine the incidence and risk factors for metabolic syndrome in HIV-infected adults in the Nutrition for Healthy Living (NFHL) study (2000-2003) and prevalence relative to the findings of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (1999-2002). (natap.org)
  • Methods: Metabolic syndrome is ≥3 of the following: hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, hypertension, abdominal obesity, and high serum glucose. (natap.org)
  • Among our cohort of HIV-infected adults, the risk of developing metabolic syndrome was higher in those with a clinically relevant increase in viral load (≥0.5 log) in the previous 6 months. (natap.org)
  • We performed crude and adjusted Poisson regression analyses for each obesity outcome and multinomial logistic regression for metabolic risk. (scielosp.org)
  • The severity of having one or more aggregated cardiovascular risk factors for metabolic syndrome is known as the metabolic syndrome severity (MetSS), and can be measured with the metabolic syndrome severity score (MetSSS). (biomedcentral.com)
  • This is a tool created to assess cardio-metabolic risk considering the joint effect of metabolic syndrome factors, and not their separated presence. (biomedcentral.com)
  • From the abstract: ' In this Review, we discuss advances in the genetics of obesity from the past decade-with emphasis on developments from the past 5 years-with a focus on metabolic consequences, and their potential implications for precision management of the disease. (cdc.gov)
  • ABSTRACT This cross-sectional study of 1283 healthy children (681 boys, 602 girls) aged 6-11 years tested the degree of correlation between waist circumference measurements and adiposity. (who.int)
  • The ability of simple anthropometric add valuable comparative data to BMI techniques to correctly measure central data in assessment of central fatness in adiposity needs to be assessed because overweight and obese children. (who.int)
  • Routine evaluation of an expression of weight not adiposity [ 11 ] regional fat distribution on a wide scale and it provides no information on body fat requires methods that are simpler than distribution, so it can mask true obesity- dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), related risk in children [ 3 ]. (who.int)
  • However, degree of correlation between waist circum- studies on the efficacy of anthropometric ference measurements of a sample of techniques for identifying children with Egyptian schoolchildren with their adipo- high central adiposity are scare. (who.int)
  • Obesity, hypertension and dyslipidaemia are been used to investigate the association between closely associated with cardiovascular disease3 and adiposity and cardiovascular risk factors in the prevalence of these factors has increased in adults7. (bvsalud.org)
  • Established indices of adiposity include BMI, waist circumference (WC), and waist-hip ratio (WHR). (pace-cme.org)
  • In the last years, novel indices of adiposity have been introduced that are also easy to measure and calculate, but better reflect the body fat distribution and total fat mass than the traditional indices. (pace-cme.org)
  • These measures were used to calculate the different indices of adiposity. (pace-cme.org)
  • This study assessed the association between multiple novel and established indices of adiposity and the risk of incident HF in community-dwelling individuals. (pace-cme.org)
  • Assessment of obesity before old age may be a more accurate representation of adiposity as the ratio of lean to fat mass changes with ageing, 5 resulting in a decreased body mass index. (bmj.com)
  • 8 Obtaining weight measurements many years before the onset of dementia, as well as other measures of adiposity, would provide stronger evidence of causality between obesity and increased risk of dementia. (bmj.com)
  • Body composition and anthropometric outcomes were measured at baseline and at 6 months and 18 months from baseline. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study provides support that a home-based childhood obesity prevention intervention may improve weight outcomes among parents. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To evaluate the prevalence of general and abdominal obesity and the concomitant presence of both outcomes and their determinants among adults living in a rural area. (scielosp.org)
  • We evaluated three outcomes: general obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m 2 ), abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥ 102 cm and ≥ 88 cm in men and women, respectively), and concomitant obesities, classified as: no risk, only one risk factor, and aggregate factors. (scielosp.org)
  • The risk of general and abdominal obesity and concomitant outcomes increased significantly with age in both sexes. (scielosp.org)
  • However, rural activities were a protective factor for obesity outcomes. (scielosp.org)
  • From the paper: 'a recent study indicates that salivary epigenetics, an easy measure to obtain in field or clinic, can be used to further explore the questions of pediatric obesity and related outcomes. (cdc.gov)
  • Methods A total of 51 Spanish girls (age 7-16 years) with abdominal obesity underwent 8 weeks of a multidisciplinary intervention for weight loss. (unav.edu)
  • Body composition was measured by both dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectrical impedance (BIA) methods. (frontiersin.org)
  • Recently described body indices, a body shape index (ABSI) and body roundness index (BRI), were also assessed in this context. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, it was suggested that more appropriate body indices should be designed that will also take body shape into account and may serve as improved indicators of obesity [ 20 - 23 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Blood pressure, anthropometrics, and biochemical indices were measured. (hindawi.com)
  • This has led to an increasing evidence for abdominal obesity indices such as waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) as predictors of CVD [ 16 , 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Central fatness, mostly intra-abdominal circumference is a better index of android fat, is medically more important than (abdominal) obesity than waist-to-hip ratio subcutaneous fat in the trunk. (who.int)
  • Waist-circumference-to-height ratio above 0.5 was used to define abdominal obesity and the total amount of body fat was estimated from the sum of skinfold measures. (researchsquare.com)
  • We utilized prevalence ratio analysis to examine the association between socio-economic/demographic characteristics, unhealthful behaviors and overweight/obesity. (researchsquare.com)
  • Fat oxidation can be assessed clinically by measuring respiratory quotient (RQ), which is the ratio of the carbon dioxide expired to the oxygen consumed during indirect calorimetry. (frontiersin.org)
  • Obese people (body mass index ≥ 30) had a 74% increased risk of dementia (hazard ratio 1.74, 95% confidence interval 1.34 to 2.26), while overweight people (body mass index 25.0-29.9) had a 35% greater risk of dementia (1.35, 1.14 to 1.60) compared with those of normal weight (body mass index 18.6-24.9). (bmj.com)
  • Participants were anthropometrically measured and interviewed, and their fasting intravenous blood was collected. (biomedcentral.com)
  • All participants underwent an indirect calorimetry to measure the respiratory quotient. (frontiersin.org)
  • however, this may vary significantly by age, dietary habits, gender, and even among participants with morbid obesity [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • and (b) to examine the association between dietary patterns and CMD risk in a population of Guatemalan adults. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We conducted a cross-sectional study to examine the prevalence of unhealthful dietary patterns, physical activity and sleep behaviors among primary school children in two urban settings in Kenya and explored the association between the behaviors and overweight/obesity among the children. (researchsquare.com)
  • We found a rather high prevalence of unhealthful dietary behaviors among primary school students in Kenya, identified their determinants, and the association between specific behaviors and overweight/obesity. (researchsquare.com)
  • to analyse the relationship between dietary intake as predictor of and increased abdominal circumference in teenagers. (bvsalud.org)
  • there was no association between dietary intake presenting cardiovascular risk and increased waist circumference. (bvsalud.org)
  • A 24-hour diet recall and Global Physical Activity Questionnaire assessed dietary intake and physical activity, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dietary restriction is an effective strategy for weight loss in obese individuals. (researchgate.net)
  • Dietary habits were assessed using a pre-validated semi quantitative 143-item food frequency questionnaire. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Relationship of vitamin D with the anthropometric indicators and lifestyle of adults. (bvsalud.org)
  • The application of WHtR provides an alternative anthropometric index of central obesity that avoids the limitations of WC because the inclusion of height into the index enhances the avoidance of any potential confounding of cardiometabolic risk by height [ 19 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • For both sexes a highly positive correlation was found between waist circumference and BMI, percentage of body fat, subscapular and suprailiac skinfold thicknesses, and the sum of skinfold measures. (who.int)
  • Although obesity prevalence is known to be rising in East Africa, research on childhood obesity is still minimal. (researchsquare.com)
  • These results can guide childhood obesity prevention measures in Kenya and other nations in East Africa. (researchsquare.com)
  • However, research on the prevalence of these behaviors and their association with childhood obesity in Kenya and other countries in the region is still quite limited. (researchsquare.com)
  • Studies that have examined the association between diet and childhood obesity in populations outside Kenya have shown mixed results. (researchsquare.com)
  • Home-based lifestyle behaviour interventions show promise for treating and preventing childhood obesity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • According to family theories, engaging the entire family unit, including parents, to change their family behaviour and dynamics may be necessary to prevent the development of childhood obesity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our objective was to examine the effect of a pilot home-based childhood obesity prevention intervention on measures of anthropometrics and body composition in Canadian parents. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Family-based childhood obesity interventions may be effective at preventing and treating childhood obesity [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Background Recent studies have associated several microRNAs (miRNAs) with childhood obesity and energy homeostasis, suggesting that an individual miRNA profile could be used as an early predictor to estimate the response to weight loss interventions in the design of precision nutrition. (unav.edu)
  • Conclusions Bioinformatic analysis evidenced that miR-221-3p participates in several obesity-related pathways, and more interestingly, this miRNA targets several candidate genes to childhood obesity according to DisGeNet database. (unav.edu)
  • These findings also add further evidence to a critical window, that of early life, at which to intervene to prevent childhood and adolescent obesity. (cdc.gov)
  • Childhood obesity is a challenging clinical condition. (cdc.gov)
  • Leptin was once hailed as a treatment for most cases of childhood obesity but quickly lost favor when resistance to leptin was noted. (cdc.gov)
  • To determine the correlates of the "metabolically healthy obese" (MHO) phenotype and the longitudinal risks of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD)/stroke associated with this phenotype. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Teenagers tend to have less than desirable intake of fruits, vegetables, dairy products and wholegrain products, and higher intake of foods high in saturated and trans fats, leading to increased waist circumference and consequent increased risk of cardiovascular disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • Several risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), including abdominal obesity, elevated fasting blood glucose, elevated triglycerides, elevated blood pressure, and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, tend to cluster in individuals (1). (cdc.gov)
  • Obesity is previously shown to be associated with increased rates of dyslipidemia and other cardiovascular risk factors [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • From the abstract: ' In our study, all of the 203 young adults with abdominal obesity had some rare variant in the genes associated with obesity. (cdc.gov)
  • 1 There has also been a large increase in obesity worldwide, which is currently of epidemic proportions in the United States. (bmj.com)
  • Conclusions Obesity in middle age increases the risk of future dementia independently of comorbid conditions. (bmj.com)
  • Seventy percentage of overweight PCOS patients were accompanied by IR, with the majority of overweight PCOS patients also being accompanied by hyperinsulinemia ( 8 ), suggesting potential relationships between body fat with PCOS. (frontiersin.org)
  • There is a sity (whether total or central), and to quan- suggestion that waist circumference alone tify the association of waist circumference may be a more useful and accurate tool in measurements with age and degree of BMI children than DXA etc. [ 6 ]. (who.int)
  • The quartiles of health-related physical fitness results were identified as the dependent variable in the multiple linear and multiple logistic regression analysis to determine the associations of the health-related physical fitness measurements with the BMI distribution and the overweight/obesity risk as well as the dose-response relationship. (researchsquare.com)
  • Thus, if an altered ability to oxidize FA represents an important contributor to the genesis of insulin resistance, assessing the capacity to burn fat in human subjects by RQ measurements might be a predictor of MetS and T2DM. (frontiersin.org)
  • It has been suggested that high ABSI relates to a greater fraction of abdominal adipose tissue and appears to be a significant risk factor for premature death [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This is because RFM not only correlates strongly with HF risk, but can also be calculated using a relatively simple formula*, requiring only height and waist circumference-both of which could be determined using a measuring tape. (pace-cme.org)
  • Students with high frequency of consumption of red/processed meats had 1.50 times the risk of being overweight/obesity compared to students with less-frequent consumption. (researchsquare.com)
  • Considered as by-products of the processes of accelerated urbanization and globalization, the consumption of high energy density foods, sedentary lifestyle, and obesity showed an increase in their prevalences in the last decades in middle- and low-income countries 2 2. (scielosp.org)
  • In obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who require insulin therapy, at least one of the following is suggested: metformin, pramlintide, or GLP-1 agonists to mitigate associated weight gain due to insulin. (medscape.com)
  • It has been found that an increase in diacylglycerol species in insulin resistant obese and T2D subjects stimulates the secretion of insulin by the pancreas to maintain a normal glucose level ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is strongly associated with abdominal obesity and insulin resistance and effective approaches to nutrition (e.g., omega-3 fatty acids intake) might improve the cardiometabolic risk profile. (frontiersin.org)
  • Therefore, this study assessed the associations between farmers' expenditures and the nutritional status of children in areas affected by Indonesia's Sinabung eruption. (nutriweb.org.my)
  • These results identify population subgroups that could be targeted for prevention and provide a benchmark for assessing such interventions. (cdc.gov)
  • It was a population-based, cross-sectional survey of noninstitutionalized adult NYC residents. (cdc.gov)
  • PREVEND enrolled adults from the general population of the city of Groningen, The Netherlands. (pace-cme.org)
  • The aim of this work was to assess the prevalence of overweight, obesity, abdominal-obesity and short stature among Rosario (Argentina) adult population. (isciii.es)
  • A random sample (n = 1194) of adult population (18-70 years old) was interviewed. (isciii.es)
  • The current study detected a high prevalence of overweight and obesity among adult population in Rosario. (isciii.es)
  • The relationship between obesity and diabetes has been well documented in the Ghanaian population [ 5 , 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In a study among South African blacks, WHtR was found as a significant predictor for all cardiometabolic risk components after 5 years in an adult population [ 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • We observed high prevalences of general and abdominal obesity in this population, which is consistent with the values found in urban populations. (scielosp.org)
  • To assess the association between MetS severity and amount of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emitted in an adult population. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Multiple family theories inform family-based obesity interventions, many of which have overlapping concepts [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Secondary causes of obesity are often sought but rarely found, and few can be addressed by successful therapeutic interventions. (cdc.gov)
  • Higher levels of the 3MPKS test and relative grip strength were associated with lower BMI and overweight/obesity risk in both sexes. (researchsquare.com)
  • These observations reinforce the with less favourable patterns of serum importance of using waist circumference in lipoprotein concentrations, increased blood clinical practice [ 10 ]. (who.int)
  • Serum vitamin D levels were determined with high performance liquid chromatography, food intake was measured by semiquantitative frequency and nutritional status was assessed by anthropometry. (bvsalud.org)
  • Serum omega-3 fatty acid levels were measured with the gas chromatography method. (frontiersin.org)
  • Health-related physical fitness reduces the risk of chronic disease, promotes quality of life and has enormous economic benefits considering the global health care costs resulting from obesity. (researchsquare.com)
  • However, relatively limited information is available regarding the dose-response relationship between health-related physical fitness and obesity risk. (researchsquare.com)
  • The 3MPKS test and relative hand grip strength were significantly negatively associated with BMI and overweight/obesity risk with a dose-response relationship in both men and women. (researchsquare.com)
  • However, the sit-and-reach test was partially related to BMI and overweight/obesity risk in adults. (researchsquare.com)
  • Cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular fitness were effective predictors of BMI distribution and overweight/obesity risk in Taiwanese adults. (researchsquare.com)
  • Therefore, the successful prediction of future risk for overweight and obesity and subsequent weight management are important topics in Taiwan. (researchsquare.com)
  • Students who consumed less than recommended amount of fruit servings had 1.68 times the risk of being overweight/obese, 2.49 times the risk of having abdominal obesity and 1.47 times the risk of having high total skinfold values compared to students with adequate fruit intake. (researchsquare.com)
  • Obesity and the risk of heart failure. (pace-cme.org)
  • Overweight and obesity are important modifiable risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD) 1 1. (scielosp.org)
  • 2 Contrary to findings from cross sectional studies, 3 a recent prospective study found that obesity in elderly woman increases the risk of dementia. (bmj.com)
  • Other risk factors include heart disease, obesity, a family history of CKD, inherited kidney disorders, past damage to the kidneys, and older age. (cdc.gov)
  • It has the Recent studies in children showed that a ability to act as a surrogate for abdominal greater deposition of central fat correlates fat [ 9 ]. (who.int)
  • The ac- and is the best indicator of changes in the intra- cumulation of both types of fat is affected abdominal fat during weight loss [ 8 ]. (who.int)
  • Current weight and height were measured while weight at cancer diagnosis and 1 year before diagnosis were self-reported. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Many Aetna plan benefit descriptions specifically exclude services and supplies for or related to treatment of obesity or for diet and weight control. (aetna.com)
  • Aetna considers up to a combined limit of 26 individual or group visits by any recognized provider per 12-month period as medically necessary for weight reduction counseling in adults who are obese (as defined by BMI greater than or equal to 30 kg/m 2 Footnotes ** ). (aetna.com)
  • The medical necessity criteria set forth below do not apply to health plans that specifically exclude services and supplies for or related to treatment of obesity or for diet or weight control. (aetna.com)
  • In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are overweight or obese, antidiabetic medications that have additional actions to promote weight loss (such as glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1] analogs or sodium-glucose-linked transporter-2 [SGLT-2] inhibitors) are suggested, in addition to the first-line agent for type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, metformin. (medscape.com)
  • Accordingly, this review examines the effects of daily CR versus intermittent CR on weight loss, fat mass loss and lean mass retention in overweight and obese adults. (researchgate.net)
  • Thus, one study found that weight loss precedes onset of dementia in elderly adults. (bmj.com)
  • 1 ]. A central fat pattern has adverse health - abdominal fat), abdominal subcutaneous implications in both children and adults. (who.int)
  • One study describing MetS among New York City adults who did not have diabetes focused on differences between Asians and whites (9). (cdc.gov)
  • Diabetes and high blood pressure are the more common causes of CKD in most adults. (cdc.gov)
  • The number of medically necessary visits for obese children are left to the discretion of the member's physician. (aetna.com)
  • Mean age was 49.8±12.6 years, 49.8% were women, 41% were overweight and 16% were obese. (pace-cme.org)
  • In women prevalence of overweight/obesity, and abdominal obesity increased with age, marital status (married or coupled), presence of at least one child at home and low educational level. (isciii.es)
  • Fat oxidation can be assessed clinically by a respiratory quotient measurement during fasting. (frontiersin.org)
  • The use of targeted sequencing and clinical criteria makes it possible to identify carriers of rare clinically significant variants in a wide range of obesity-associated genes and to investigate their influence on phenotypic manifestations of abdominal obesity. (cdc.gov)
  • The North West Adelaide Health Study is a prospective cohort study of 4,056 randomly selected adults aged ≥18 years. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • 3.3.1.11 Measuring Children under 8 Years of Age. (cdc.gov)
  • as at 2015, Ghana recorded 266,200 cases with a prevalence rate of 1.9% in adults (20-79 years). (hindawi.com)
  • Post-mortem analyses of coronary arteries have indicated that obesity (associated with a high accumulation of abdominal fat measured at autopsy) was predictive of earlier and greater extent of large vessels atherosclerosis as well as increase of coronary fatty streaks. (researchgate.net)
  • RQ measured during fasting reflects a period of high dependency on endogenous FFAs for fuel. (frontiersin.org)
  • Multivariate analysis showed that the prevalence of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity increased according the age and abdominal obesity decreased with high physical activity in men. (isciii.es)
  • The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2006 found that 34% of US adults have MetS (6). (cdc.gov)
  • The capacity of BRI to predict dyslipidemia was comparable but not superior to the classical indicators of obesity, whereas ABSI could not detect dyslipidemia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Most genes causing monogenic obesity are implicated in the central energy regulatory circuits of the leptin-melanocortin pathway. (cdc.gov)
  • This study aimed to assess the proportion of eating-out, to assess the association between socio-demographic factors and eating patterns, and to compare energy and nutrient intakes between people eating-out and eating-in. (nutriweb.org.my)