The radial arm maze was designed by Olton and Samuelson in 1976 to measure spatial learning and memory in rats. (wikipedia.org)
Reference memory is assessed when the rats only visit the arms of the maze which contains the reward. (wikipedia.org)
It therefore seems that in remembering locations on the radial arm maze, rats do not rely on local intra-maze cues, but rather on extra-maze cues. (wikipedia.org)
Cole and Chappell-Stephenson, using a radial maze with food locations ranging from 8 to 48, estimated the limit of spatial memory in rats to be between 24 and 32 locations. (wikipedia.org)
In one experiment utilizing the radial arm maze, it was shown that spatial relations among hidden target sites control spatial decisions that rats make and are unrelated to visual or perceptual cues that are related to certain locations. (wikipedia.org)
Lewis rats show increased anxiety-like behaviors and drug consumption compared with Sprague-Dawley rats. (nature.com)
The alterations in Sprague-Dawley rats were accompanied by an increase in anxiety-like behavior in those animals as measured with the elevated plus maze. (nature.com)
Notably, unlike younger rats, in the aged rats coherence was not affected by running on the maze. (nih.gov)
In rats tested on the FR5/chow feeding choice task, ecopipam shifted choice behavior, decreasing lever pressing for preferred high carbohydrate pellets but increasing consumption of lab chow. (nih.gov)
Also, ecopipam decreased selection of the high effort option (i.e., climbing the barrier to obtain a larger reward) in rats tested on the T-maze task, but did not disrupt arm preference or discrimination when no barrier was present. (nih.gov)
The rats were subjected to three behavioral paradigms of anxiety, including the elevated plus maze, social interaction, and contextual conditioned emotional response tests. (thieme-connect.com)
These rats were randomly assigned to one of two groups - substance administered or no substance administered (the control condition) - and then placed in a simple maze and taught to escape an electrical shock. (wikipedia.org)
Overton found that the rats that had been administered 25 mg of sodium pentobarbital could no longer remember the proper escape response when they were later placed in the maze without the drug. (wikipedia.org)
However, if these rats were administered sodium pentobarbital once again and placed in the maze, they recalled the escape response they had been taught. (wikipedia.org)
Exploratory behavior2
T Maze Spontaneous Alternation is a behavioral test for measuring exploratory behavior in animals, especially rodent models for CNS disorders. (stanford.edu)
It shows you all the technical ins and outs of the Radial Arm Maze, a maze that is used to measure two forms of memory known as 'reference memory' and 'working memory' often in combination with video tracking software EthoVision XT . (noldus.com)
In this way, the radial arm maze measures two forms of memory known as "reference memory" and "working memory. (noldus.com)
Further information on the uses and technical details of the radial arm maze are featured in Maze Engineer's radial arm maze portfolio page . (noldus.com)
The radial arm maze was first designed by Drs David S Olton and Robert J Samuelson in 1976 [1] as an apparatus for testing reference and working memory in rodents and for the modeling of "serial learning", the term used to describe the means by which we learn and recall lists and other forms of sequential information. (noldus.com)
Thus, in the radial arm maze, reference memory is used by the subject to remember what they found in each of the arms (either an empty end-point or a reward). (noldus.com)
Unlike long-term memory, which describes the storage of information which can be recalled from the distant past, working memory describes the transient, limited holding of information used in tasks like the radial arm maze. (noldus.com)
Because testing in the radial arm maze is done either in one session or in multiple sessions which occur in quick succession, it is an effective test of both reference and working memory. (noldus.com)
The radial arm maze has been used extensively for memory testing in a variety of conditions including the effects of psychoactive drugs and medications, as well as disease states such as autism spectrum disorder [2] and brain injury [3]. (noldus.com)
Interestingly, researchers have noted significant differences in performance in the radial arm maze between different strains of mouse, specifically regarding which areas of the brain are used in completing the task. (noldus.com)
The radial arm maze has also been used to investigate behavioral deficits in a plethora of animal models of cognitive dysfunction known to impact memory, such as anxiety and depression. (noldus.com)
The radial arm maze has shown to be practicable to investigate how drugs affect memory performance. (wikipedia.org)
The radial arm maze has also been use for several studies in children and adults. (wikipedia.org)
Locomotor2
Locomotor, exploratory, and anxiety-related behavior. (jax.org)
The observation of the locomotor and exploratory behaviors of rodents in an open field is one of the most fundamental methods used in the field of behavioral pharmacology. (researchgate.net)
Barnes5
To investigate this question, we developed a fully automated variant of the Barnes maze, characterized by 24 vestibules distributed along the periphery of a circular arena, and monitored the trajectories of mice over 15 days as they learned to navigate from a random start vestibule to a goal vestibule. (elifesciences.org)
Our study provides a novel apparatus and analysis toolset for tracking the repertoire of navigation strategies and demonstrates that a set of stochastic processes can largely account for exploration patterns in the Barnes maze. (elifesciences.org)
The Barnes maze provides a suitable platform for examining the repertoire of strategies and the shift in strategy that accompanies learning of the environment 19 . (elifesciences.org)
To address these issues, we developed an automated variant of the Barnes maze and performed learning, probe test, and reversal learning experiments commonly carried out in Barnes mazes. (elifesciences.org)
This means that the ORT is much less stressful, relative to other tests 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , and requires significantly less time to run than other commonly used memory tests, such as the Morris water maze or Barnes maze, which both can take up to a week or longer. (jove.com)
Mice6
We demonstrate the cross-species validity of the task by assessing performance parameters in adapted versions of the task for mice and Drosophila , and finally a virtual version in humans, and identify remarkable commonalities between vertebrate species' navigation of the maze. (springer.com)
Eye movements in mice also represent a readily monitored behavior, which in nonfoveate mammals such as mice include an involuntary response to a moving stimulus known as the optokinetic reflex. (genengnews.com)
The aversion of mice to water has been exploited in the design of various behavioural tests, including the forced swim test, the water T-maze test, and the Morris water maze test [ 2 ]. (degruyter.com)
A new study by University of Maryland School of Medicine researchers has found that in mice, adjusting levels of a compound called kynurenic acid can have significant effects on schizophrenia-like behavior. (eurekalert.org)
The low-KMO mice also showed increased anxiety-like behavior when put into a maze and other challenging settings. (eurekalert.org)
Tissue content of monoamines, volumetric brain abnormalities, dendritic spine density in the hippocampus, and various domains of the mouse behavior repertoire were evaluated in adult male mice. (researchgate.net)
Modulates1
Dopaminergic neurotransmission also modulates these behaviors, and dopaminergic innervation of the PAG has been well documented. (bvsalud.org)
Paradigms1
The Rodent Behavior Core provides expertise and services for comprehensive phenotyping of mouse models using a battery of standard behavioral paradigms. (osu.edu)
Morris2
The spatial memory performance was evaluated by Morris Water Maze task. (scialert.net)
Adolescent FLX exposure suppressed depression-like behavior, as measured by the social interaction and forced swim tests, while enhancing anxiety-like responses in the elevated plus maze in adulthood. (jneurosci.org)
Rodents1
This test is based on the willingness of rodents to explore a new environment, i.e. they prefer to visit a new arm of the maze rather than a familiar arm. (stanford.edu)
Reward5
Here, we demonstrate that two powerful natural reward behaviors, sucrose drinking and sexual behavior, increase levels of ΔFosB in the NAc. (jneurosci.org)
Moreover, less clear still is the possible involvement of ΔFosB in more compulsive, even "addictive," models of natural rewardbehavior. (jneurosci.org)
To extend our knowledge of ΔFosB action in natural reward behaviors, we investigated the induction of ΔFosB in the NAc in sucrose drinking and sexual behavior models. (jneurosci.org)
We also determined how overexpression of ΔFosB in the NAc modifies behavioral responses to these natural rewards, and whether previous exposure to one natural reward can enhance other natural rewarding behaviors. (jneurosci.org)
One example of this is the cognitive strategy used to solve a maze for a reward. (concordia.ca)
Rhodiola rosea showed dose-dependent anxiolytic activity in the elevated plus maze and conditioned emotional response tests, with moderate effects in the higher-anxiety SI test. (thieme-connect.com)
Prenatal interaction produced anxiety, depression-like responses, and altered social behavior that were accompanied by decreased reactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, attenuated serotonin neurotransmission in the hippocampus, reduced enlargement of lateral ventricles, decreased volumes of amygdala and periaqueductal gray matter and density of spines on dendrites of granule cells of the hippocampus. (researchgate.net)
The anxiety level was measured by the elevated plus maze (EPM) test. (bvsalud.org)
Spatial1
The maze has since been used extensively by researchers interested in studying the spatial learning and spatial memory of animals. (wikipedia.org)
Runner6
Several months ago, we were all shocked when the star of The Maze Runner series was part of a terrible accident on the set of the most recent film. (cinemablend.com)
Following Dylan O'Brien's accident earlier this year, when he was run over by a car on the set of Maze Runner: The Death Cure , production was halted to allow for the actor's recovery. (cinemablend.com)
While it wouldn't take the guy in the picture above very much time with a hairdresser to look like his old Maze Runner self, it may still be quite some time before we get there. (cinemablend.com)
A couple months ago the release date for Maze Runner: The Death Cure was officially pushed back from early 2017 into 2018. (cinemablend.com)
Parents need to know that The Maze Runner is based on the first novel in James Dashner's best-selling young adult trilogy. (netflix.com)
Unlike many other popular teen movies, The Maze Runner doesn't highlight a central romance (at least in this installment), but it definitely includes the same amount of intense violence -- some of it teen on teen, some of it creature on teen, and much of it weapons based. (netflix.com)
Deficits1
Studies indicated that GSE could prevent the onset of age-related deficits in cognitive behavior (e.g. (scialert.net)
Patterns1
Hayashi thus concluded that an evacuation plan should not be based or rely on circumstance, but should consider the anticipated behavior patterns of leaders. (cdc.gov)
Animal5
There is a diverse array of experiments used for assessing animal cognition, with mazes among the most popular (Paul et al. (springer.com)
The design of the maze ensures that the animal must return to the center between each arm visit and is therefore presented with the same 8 options each time, following which they must remember which choices have already been made. (noldus.com)
The evidence supporting the claims is solid , with statistical modeling of animal behavior. (elifesciences.org)
Prueba del laberinto en la que se coloca a un animal en una cámara abierta diseñada para evaluar la ansiedad y la conducta exploratoria por los patrones de movimiento. (bvsalud.org)
Cognitive1
Together, our results demonstrate that the FMP Y-maze is a sensitive assay for assessing working memory and cognitive flexibility across species from invertebrates to humans, providing a simple and widely applicable behavioural assay with exceptional translational relevance. (springer.com)
Through intricate scientific and geostatistical methods, scientists and healthcare providers assess relationships between risk factors and disease and between behaviors and well-being. (cdc.gov)
Animals2
It is believed that performance of animals in one type of maze cannot be generalized to other mazes because all mazes require animals to utilize a different set of skills. (wikipedia.org)
She works to apply and advance the science of health behavior and health communication to prevent and control infectious diseases that result from the interaction of people, animals, and the environment. (cdc.gov)
Responses2
and learned responses such as maze running. (genengnews.com)
While stimulus-response tests and stereotyped motor tasks can be carried out relatively quickly, complex innate behaviors and learned responses require more extensive monitoring or preliminary training trials. (genengnews.com)
Influences1
Hodgkinson [1990] noted that panic typically influences behavior in fires. (cdc.gov)
Tests2
In summary, the present results implicate DA D1 receptors in the regulation of behavioral activation and effort-related functions, and demonstrate the utility of using tests of effort-related choice behavior for assessing the effects of D1 agonists. (nih.gov)
Behavior was measured using the elevated plus maze, open field and vital signs tests. (spandidos-publications.com)
Open-field1
The treatments increased the total distance of rat crossing in the open-field test, prolonged the activity time of the open cross maze in the open arm, and improved the rate of sucrose consumption in the sucrose preference test. (medscimonit.com)
Brain1
The assays of the water maze, Y maze, brain cortex Ca 2+ -Mg 2+ -ATP enzyme, and iNOS enzyme activity were performed in this mouse model. (hindawi.com)
Percentage2
Roberts found no decline in the percentage of correct choices as the number of arms on a radial maze were increased from 8 to 16 and then to 24. (wikipedia.org)
The three measures of plus-maze behavior calculated were the percentage of entries into the open arms (% EOA) (100 X open/total), the percentage of time spent in the open arms (% TSOA) (100 X open/total) and the number of entries into the closed arms (NECA). (bvsalud.org)
Although much is known about the characteristics of DA D2 receptor antagonism on effort-related choice behavior, less is known about the effects of D1 antagonism, and agonist/antagonist interactions. (nih.gov)
The highly selective D1 antagonist ecopipam was studied for its effects on effort-related choice behavior using the concurrent fixed ratio (FR) 5/chow feeding choice and T-maze barrier choice procedures. (nih.gov)
SKF81297 also was able to reverse the effects of the catecholamine depleting agent tetrabenazine on T-maze performance. (nih.gov)
Social3
Three weeks after treatment (P70), reactivity to aversive stimuli (i.e., social defeat stress, forced swimming, and elevated plus maze) was assessed. (jneurosci.org)
Across vertebrates, the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) plays a critical role in social and vocal behavior. (bvsalud.org)
Our results suggest dopamine neuromodulation in the midshipman PAG may inhibit natural vocal behavior, in courtship and/or agonistic social contexts. (bvsalud.org)
Complexity1
Black, bordering pigmented zones, creates a maze reflecting mathematical accuracy and distinct complexity. (cdc.gov)
Demonstrate1
We demonstrate that overexpression of ΔFosB in the NAc increases sucrose intake and promotes aspects of sexual behavior. (jneurosci.org)
Laboratory1
Misumi and Sako [1982] analyzed leader behavior in emergencies using a laboratory simulation with one confederate leader and four naive subjects. (cdc.gov)
Simulation1
The simulation consisted of a maze containing the leader, an informal leader, and 50 evacuees. (cdc.gov)
Activity1
In theory, eye movements could represent a useful behavior of CNS activity, the team continues. (genengnews.com)
Data2
Consenting to these technologies will allow us to process data such as browsing behavior or unique IDs on this site. (bigcedar.com)
By scrutinizing mazes and grids of public health data and leveraging digital technologies, we provide insights into causes and manifestations of disease, reduce data to strategies crucial for prevention and treatment, and strive to translate science into public health. (cdc.gov)
Drug1
Similarly, when Overton taught a rat the escape response under the control condition (no sodium pentobarbital administered), it could not recall that behavior when it was administered the drug and asked to perform later on. (wikipedia.org)
Results1
Our results further delineate the role ERK plays in regulating mood-related behaviors across the lifespan. (jneurosci.org)