• The 3' UTRs of selenoprotein mRNAs contain a conserved stem-loop structure, the Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element, which is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon rather than as a stop signal. (cancerindex.org)
  • In contrast, however, the role of BD-associated miRNAs in disease pathogenesis remains largely unknown, mainly because of a lack of understanding about their target mRNAs and pathways in neurons. (en-journal.org)
  • miRNA binding downregulates the expression of target mRNAs either by decreasing their stability or by inhibiting translation. (en-journal.org)
  • miRNAs bind to complementary sequences present in the 3′-untranslated regions (3′-UTR) of target gene mRNAs and, thus, regulate translational interference or degradation of mRNAs ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Although RNA editing has long been considered a relatively rare processing event, more recent research suggests that the vast majority of pre-mRNAs are edited [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial regulatory roles in repressing mRNA translation or mediating mRNA degradation by targeting mRNAs in a sequence-specific manner [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Most of these studies however did not actually considered co-expression profiles of mRNAs and miRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Considering that most miRNAs exert their functions through interactions with other miRNAs, an understanding of a miRNA network context using both co-expression pattern and the sequence complementarity between miRNAs and mRNAs is essential to discover the cooperative regulation of miRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While sequence complementarity-based miRNA-mRNA target relationships serve as a static set, dynamic expression profiles of miRNAs and mRNAs are used to identify those subsets that are concurrently active. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mature miRNAs are generated by the RNase III enzymes Drosha and Dicer, then incorporate into the RNA-induced silencing intricate (RISC), and eventually bind to the 39-untranslated location (39-UTR) of their target gene mRNAs, inhibiting their expression[1,2]. (signsin1dayinc.com)
  • Then, the miRISC binds to target sites with sequences complementary to the miRNAs, leading to either cleavage or translational inhibition of the target mRNAs, or methylation of the target sequences, resulting in post-transcriptional and transcriptional gene silencing, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These small non-coding RNAs derived from their precursor sequences, bind to their target mRNAs and negatively mediate the gene expressions in pre-transcriptional or post-transcriptional stages by impeding mRNA translation [ 12 , 13 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • The expressions of candidate miRNAs and mRNAs were determined by real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR) in MC3T3-E1 cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Recent genome-wide molecular genetic studies have identified several protein-coding genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) significantly associated with BD. (en-journal.org)
  • Together, our results provide new insights into the potential role of miR-1908-5p in the pathogenesis of BD and also propose a hypothesis that neuronal synapses could be a key converging pathway of some BD-associated protein-coding genes and miRNAs. (en-journal.org)
  • In this study, expression of mature miR159 was successfully suppressed by STTM which resulted in the increased expressions of its two targets genes, OsGAMYB and OsGAMYBL1 (GAMYB-LIKE 1). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes between wild type plants and STTM159 transgenic plants showed that genes involved in cell division, auxin, cytokinin (CK) and brassinosteroids (BRs) biosynthesis and signaling are significantly down-regulated in STTM159 plants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Further analysis from the RNA-seq data showed that the decreased cell divisions in STTM159 transgenic plants may result, at least partly from the lower expression of the genes involved in cell cycle and hormone homeostasis, which provides new insights of rice miR159-specific functions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Some plant miRNA families have many members, and their mature miRNAs often have multiple target genes having similar complementary sequence. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) negatively regulate the expression of the target genes by binding to ʻseed sequences' in the 3'‑untranslated region (3'‑UTR) mRNA transcripts, and the variants within or nearby ʻseed sequences' may compromise or enhance miRNA/mRNA interaction leading to either ʻloss‑of‑function' or ʻgain‑of‑function' effects. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of endogenous small non-coding RNAs of 20-25 nucleotides, modulate the expression of genes at the post-transcriptional level ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Polymerase chain reaction-based DNA analysis and sequencing were performed to characterize ß- and α-globin genes. (bvsalud.org)
  • The multifunctional regulator nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) is considered not only as a cytoprotective factor regulating the expression of genes coding for anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and detoxifying proteins, but it is also a powerful modulator of species longevity. (springer.com)
  • The discovery of the antioxidant response element (ARE) have led to the conclusion that the battery of genes, including glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), thioredoxin reductase 1 (Txnrd1), NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) is regulated through Nrf2 binding to this consensus binding sequence [ 3 ]. (springer.com)
  • Some miRNAs are hosted in pri-miRNAs annotated as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and defined as MIRHGs (for miRNA Host Genes). (mdpi.com)
  • ADARs have been shown to contribute to disease pathologies by editing of glutamate receptors, editing of serotonin receptors, mutations in ADAR genes, and by other mechanisms, including recently identified regulatory roles in microRNA processing. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One of the challenges to understand miRNA-mediated regulation is to identify co-regulating miRNAs that simultaneously regulate their target genes in a network perspective. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We created miRNA association network by using miRNAs sharing target genes based on sequence complementarity and co-expression patterns of miRNA-target pairs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cooperativity of miRNAs is evaluated by their shared transcription factors and functional coherence of target genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pathway enrichment analysis of target genes in the cooperatively regulating miRNAs revealed the mutually exclusive functional landscape of miRNA cooperativity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study demonstrates the potential importance of the secondary structures of pre-miRNAs in both cooperativity and specificity of target genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We evaluate the miRNAs modules determined to be significantly cooperative by assessing the functional coherence of target genes co-regulated by the miRNA modules. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hypoxia inducible component 1 (HIF-1) is a heterodimeric transcription element that regulates transcription of genes this sort of as vascular endothelial expansion element (VEGF) and primary fibroblast development factor (bFGF) [fourteen,15,sixteen]. (signsin1dayinc.com)
  • One mature miRNA can be transcribed from one or more gene loci known as miRNA genes ( MIR s). (biomedcentral.com)
  • miRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs transcribed from miRNA genes ( MIRs ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • To date, more than 500 MIR genes have been identified in the rice genome, generating more than 700 mature miRNAs (Tang and Chu 2017 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • MIR genes are transcribed into primary miRNAs (pri-miRNAs) that are spliced to form stem-loop precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNAs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Many of the target genes by the newly identified miRNAs were associated with plant growth and development, stress response, defense and hormone signaling, and oil synthesis pathways. (springeropen.com)
  • Multiple miRNA-mRNA prediction databases were searched by differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to obtain pairs of a miRNA-DEG regulatory network. (frontiersin.org)
  • It regulates Sp7 protein expression and induces expression of major bone matrix protein genes, such as Col1a1, Spp1, Ibsp, Bglap2, and Fn1 ( 7 , 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) are 20-24 nucleotides (nt) long and widely exist as gene regulators. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding endogenous RNAs containing 19 to 25 nucleotides that promote posttranscriptional control in regulating the expression of target gene by binding to the 3′-UTR sequences of its mRNA [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • It is believed that consecutive foundation pairing of at the very least seven nucleotides among the miRNA sequence (seed sequence) and the miRNA recognition element (MRE) is necessary to repress protein translation[three,4,5,6,seven]. (signsin1dayinc.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small (20-24 nucleotides (nt) long) non-coding RNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous RNAs with an approximate length of 18-22 nucleotides and involved in the regulation of gene expression in transcriptional or post-transcriptional levels. (springeropen.com)
  • Finally, we ended up with 12 novel miRNAs in Jatropha that range from 18 to 19 nucleotides where their respective precursor miRNAs had 54.11-71.76% (A + U) content. (springeropen.com)
  • When this conversion occurs in the coding region of mRNA, it results in an altered nucleotide codon and, therefore, can change the amino acid sequence of the coded protein in what is referred to as a re-coding editing event. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this paper, we propose a computational method to construct a miRNA association network (MRAN) by integrating multiple genomic data sources including miRNA-mRNA binding information and miRNA-mRNA co-expression profiles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recently, miRNA-messenger RNA (mRNA) regulatory relationships have been confirmed during biological processes, including osteogenic differentiation. (frontiersin.org)
  • This study aimed to find out more candidate miRNA-mRNA pairs involved in the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • The miRNA-mRNA interactions were verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene assays and experiments using mimics miRNA or their inhibitors. (frontiersin.org)
  • There were 7 overlapped miRNA-mRNA pairs identified during osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, including mmu-miR-204-5p-Arhgap11a, mmu-miR-211-5p-Arhgap11a, mmu-miR-24-3p-H2afx, mmu-miR-3470b-Chek2, mmu-miR-3470b-Dlgap5, mmu-miR-466b-3p-Chek1, and mmu-miR-466c-3p-Chek1. (frontiersin.org)
  • miRNAs are noncoding, regulatory RNAs expressed dynamically during differentiation of hESC. (ca.gov)
  • This study confirms that alterations in the expression of exosomal miRNAs can promote osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs, which also provides the foundation for further research on the regulatory functions of exosomal miRNAs in the context of ADSC osteogenesis. (hindawi.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory non-coding RNAs, resulting from the cleavage of long primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) in the nucleus by the Microprocessor complex generating precursors (pre-miRNAs) that are then exported to the cytoplasm and processed into mature miRNAs. (mdpi.com)
  • Thus, as an alternative, we produced EXIQON microarray of brown and white primary murine adipocytes (prior to and following differentiation) to yield global profiles of miRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The day-to-day fluctuations that most investigators focus upon are not found in this latest group, suggesting that short-term and long-term miR regulation are differentially regulated. (ca.gov)
  • The results of these analyses revealed that the differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs participate in multiple biological processes, such as gene expression, synthesis of biomolecules, cell development, differentiation, and signal transduction, among others. (hindawi.com)
  • Moreover, we found that these differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs connect osteogenic differentiation to processes such as axon guidance, MAPK signaling, and Wnt signaling. (hindawi.com)
  • Of these, three miRNAs were differentially expressed miRNAs and 18 miRNAs involved in sexual differentiation as determined by functional analysis with GO annotation and KEGG pathway analysis. (peerj.com)
  • MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) are brief non-coding RNAs (182 nt), which inhibit gene expression. (signsin1dayinc.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are well-recognized for their abilities to regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally in plants and animals. (frontiersin.org)
  • Until recently, it was unknown how sexual differences in the behavior, physiology, and development of organisms are regulated by differential gene expression. (peerj.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous short non-coding RNA molecules that can post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression and play a critical role in gonadal differentiation as well as early development of animals. (peerj.com)
  • As a result, ADAR-mediated editing can post-transcriptionally alter codons, introduce or remove splice sites, or affect the base pairing of the RNA molecule with itself or with other RNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition to the highly conserved miRNAs, many more of new and species-specific miRNAs have been identified in various crops through high-throughput sequencing technology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Expressed Sequence Tags (EST) based comparative genomic approaches provide advantages over wet lab approaches as it is convenient, easy to carry out and less time consuming. (springeropen.com)
  • In conclusion, this work is the first report of sex-biased miRNAs expression in the budgerigar, and provides additional sequences to the avian miRNAome database which will foster further functional genomic research. (peerj.com)
  • The long term goal of our research is to understand the biochemical processes that regulate differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into pancreatic progenitor cells, and ultimately, glucose-responsive, insulin producing (beta) β cells. (ca.gov)
  • Of the several genetic factors that contribute to stem cells differentiation, miRNAs (microRNAs) are emerging as important determinants. (ca.gov)
  • Mapping developmental expression of miRNAs during transition from pluripotency to pancreatic progenitors will help clarify the mechanisms underlying lineage specification and ultimately enhance differentiation protocols. (ca.gov)
  • Aim 2 - Identify miRs targets through deep sequencing of RNA induced silencing complexes (RISC) in defined cell populations and assessment of their roles in differentiation in vitro and after experimental transplantation. (ca.gov)
  • We have made a cell line that reports the expression of PDX1, a marker for both pancreatic precursors and for mature beta cells, in order to select and purify the target cells in late differentiation. (ca.gov)
  • We have generated a reporter cell lines that can distinguish pancreatic cells from liver cells in post-DE differentiation, and possibly mature beta cells from other endocrine cells. (ca.gov)
  • B) Deep sequence purified hESC populations from selected time points during hESC differentiation and develop algorithms to analyze change in miRNA expression in complex systems. (ca.gov)
  • Most of these paracrine secretions include soluble factors and exosomes, which regulate the repair and regeneration processes at sites of damage by affecting cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation [ 22 , 23 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Adipose tissue abundance relies partly on the factors that regulate adipogenesis, i.e. proliferation and differentiation of adipocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It has been suggested that adipogenesis is regulated by PPARβ/δ followed by PPARγ and C/EBPα promoting differentiation into mature adipocytes [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Animal miRNA are involved in neuronal cell fate, cell proliferation and differentiation, metabolism, aging, apoptosis and organ morphogenesis, suggest that miRNAs are particularly critical in the development, health, and aging of animals ( Ameres & Zamore, 2013 ). (peerj.com)
  • Although sexual dimorphism is most visual in birds (example peacock and peahen, hummingbirds, songbirds, paradise fly-catcher), the miRNAs involved in gender differentiation among Psittaciformes are not known. (peerj.com)
  • To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to identify and characterize exosomal miRNAs derived from osteogenically differentiated ADSCs. (hindawi.com)
  • Then, we apply graph theoretical methods to characterize MRAN and analyse whether miRNAs belonging to the network are associated with each other in a condition-dependent manner or not. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The reporter plasmids pTKGhCASP3 or pTKGhCASP7 were cotransfected with Pre-miR miRNA Precursors hsa-enable-7e or hsamiR-29a (Lifetime Technologies), respectively. (signsin1dayinc.com)
  • TRIM13 inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis by regulating NF-κB pathway in non-small-cell lung carcinoma cells. (cancerindex.org)
  • dGLYAT was found to regulate Gadd45 -mediated JNK pathway activation and cell invasion. (sdbonline.org)
  • Furthermore, we predicted and demonstrated that Retinoid Acid Receptor-Related Orphan Receptor Alpha (RORA) is one of the targets of gga-miR-155, and the gga-miR-155 regulated the proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis and invasiveness of MSB1 cells by targeting RORA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recently, increasing evidences elucidated that miRNAs was involved in the cancer pathogenesis, including cell proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • microRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators in plant growth and development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The central hypothesis driving the research is that miRNAs are essential regulators of endocrine cell development. (ca.gov)
  • We have found that master regulators of miRs exist and/or are being regulated by another regulator but that regulator is biasing them over a large time scale (weeks). (ca.gov)
  • Some recent reports have demonstrated that both PTI and ETI can be deliberately regulated by immunity-associated regulators that could reduce or abolish the fitness cost (Deng et al. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Luciferase assays and online miRNA databases were used to validate that tumor protein p53 (TP53) is the target gene of miR‑125b. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • A large number of studies have demonstrated that the synergistic collaboration of a number of microRNAs (miRNAs), their growth factors and their downstream agents is required for the initiation and completion of pathogenesis in the liver. (wjgnet.com)
  • ADAR3 contains an arginine-rich domain, shown in pink, which binds single-stranded RNA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MiRNA-mediated regulation has been found to encompass a wide spectrum of biological processes ranging from growth and development to oncogenesis [ 2 - 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The transcript of a MIR forms a stem-loop structure that is processed into a 20-24-nt miRNA-5p/−3p duplex by RNase III family endoribonucleases such as Dicer-like1 (DCL1). (biomedcentral.com)
  • We are working under the postulate that miRNAs are logical targets for in vitro experimentation because of their role in mediating pancreatic cell development. (ca.gov)
  • The degree of association between miRNAs can be assessed by the level of concordance between targets of miRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These could improve current approaches and require further analysis to look for targets of these miRNAs in CML. (biomedcentral.com)
  • By transporting "cargos" such as proteins, RNAs, DNAs, and lipids [ 26 ], exosomes regulate the eventual fate of recipient cells. (hindawi.com)
  • The mature miRNAs are loaded onto ARGONAUTE (AGO) proteins, forming a miRNA-induced gene silencing complex (miRISC). (biomedcentral.com)
  • MiRNAs have a range of physiological and pathological capabilities, such as regulate of tumorigenesis[10,11,12]. (signsin1dayinc.com)
  • A-to-I RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification that converts adenosines to inosines in both coding and noncoding RNA transcripts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Eukaryotic RNA transcripts can undergo a range of post-transcriptional modifications, which increase the diversity of the transcriptome without requiring increases in genome size. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Aim 1 - Generate miR expression profiles using deep sequencing for defined stages of development from pluripotent to endocrine cells and select candidate miRs for manipulations involving silencing and overexpression. (ca.gov)
  • Histological analysis of stem, leaf and mature spikelet hull showed the reduced number of small vascular bundles (SVB), less number of small veins (SV) between two big veins (LV) and less cell number in outer parenchyma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, several lnc pri-miRNAs contain translatable small open reading frames (smORFs). (mdpi.com)
  • In the current study, we sequenced two small non-coding RNA libraries made from the gonads of adult male and female budgerigars using Illumina paired-end sequencing technology. (peerj.com)
  • The nature of high conservancy of plant miRNAs within the plant species made it possible to detect the conserved miRNAs by computational approaches. (springeropen.com)
  • In the case of RNA molecules that bind target RNA segments, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), the altered base pairing can change binding specificities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The double-stranded (ds)RNA-binding domains, shown in purple, determine substrate specificity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The non-sense miRNA Pre-miR miRNA Precursor Adverse Control #one (Daily life systems) was utilised as a regulate for specificity of interaction. (signsin1dayinc.com)
  • miRNAs are thought to exert a profound effect on almost every aspect of liver biology and pathology. (wjgnet.com)
  • For example, genetic evidences in previous research suggest that the lin-28 gene is cooperatively regulated by the lin-4 miRNA and another unidentified miRNA [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, specific roles of miR159 in rice could be explored by down regulating miR159 through STTM. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Most reports found that multiple miRNAs that include miR-548a, miR-1246, miR-632, and miR-5692a played pivotal roles in HCC [ 7 - 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In addition, some studies recommend that imperfect binding such as wobbles or bulges in the seed sequence inhibits protein translation [eight,9]. (signsin1dayinc.com)
  • Uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP-1) in the inner membrane of brown-fat mitochondria uncouples electron transport from ATP production, allowing energy dissipation, thus helping to regulate body temperature [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The exact biological relevance of gga-miRNA-155 in MD tumorigenesis needs to be confirmed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Altering expression of miRNAs can result in multiple visible phenotypes of a plant. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A-to-I editing can also result in the creation or elimination of splice sites, potentially altering the portions of the RNA that remain in the final product. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This review summarizes the identification and functional characterization of the miRNAs, which respond to M. oryzae or its elicitors and describes the current understanding of the complicated but well-organized network in the context of rice- M. oryzae interaction. (biomedcentral.com)
  • EST-based in silico approach can unravel new conserved miRNAs in plants, even when the complete genome sequence is not available. (springeropen.com)
  • Additionally, the A-to-I conversion alters base pairing, because inosine pairs preferentially with cytidine, and this potentially affects the secondary structure of the RNA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sequence and structural similarity analysis within miRNA association network showed that pre-miRNA secondary structure may be involved in the expression of mature miRNA's function. (biomedcentral.com)
  • miR159 is a conserved miRNA among different plant species and has various functions in plants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our data suggests that in rice, miR159 positively regulates organ size, including stem, leaf, and grain size due to the promotion of cell division. (biomedcentral.com)
  • STTM (Short Tandem Target Mimic) is an effective tool to block the activity of endogenous mature miRNA activity in plant. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) was used to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) at the molecular response in CML adult patients receiving TKIs treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These findings have the potential to speed up miRNA identification and expand our understanding of miRNA functions in J. curcas . (springeropen.com)
  • In mammals, the most prevalent form of RNA editing involves the conversion of adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) by hydrolytic deamination at the C6 position of adenine (Figure 1 a) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)